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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years:_before_1920" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years:_before_1920"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early years: before 1920</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years:_before_1920-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1920s–1940s_suppression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920s–1940s_suppression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1920s–1940s suppression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920s–1940s_suppression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s:_home_movies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s:_home_movies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1950s: home movies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s:_home_movies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s:_Europe_and_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s:_Europe_and_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1960s: Europe and United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s:_Europe_and_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s:_adult_theaters_and_movie_booths_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s:_adult_theaters_and_movie_booths_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1970s: adult theaters and movie booths in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s:_adult_theaters_and_movie_booths_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s:_new_technology_and_new_legal_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s:_new_technology_and_new_legal_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1980s: new technology and new legal cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s:_new_technology_and_new_legal_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s:_DVD_and_the_Internet_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s:_DVD_and_the_Internet_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>1990s: DVD and the Internet age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s:_DVD_and_the_Internet_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s_to_present:_competition_and_contraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s_to_present:_competition_and_contraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>2000s to present: competition and contraction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s_to_present:_competition_and_contraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pornographic_film_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pornographic_film_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pornographic film industry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pornographic_film_industry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pornographic film industry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pornographic_film_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Legal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Health issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pornographic film</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornofilm" title="Pornofilm – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pornofilm" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A" title="فيلم إباحي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيلم إباحي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_pornografico" title="Cine pornografico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cine pornografico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornoqrafik_film" title="Pornoqrafik film – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pornoqrafik film" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85" title="پورنو فیلم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پورنو فیلم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="পর্নোগ্রাফিক চলচ্চিত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্নোগ্রাফিক চলচ্চিত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oai-ko-ph%C3%AC%E2%81%BF" title="Oai-ko-phìⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oai-ko-phìⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Парнафільм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парнафільм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Парнафільм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парнафільм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोर्न फिलिम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोर्न फिलिम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornograpikong_pelikula" title="Pornograpikong pelikula – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pornograpikong pelikula" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Порнографски филм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Порнографски филм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_pornogr%C3%A0fic" title="Cinema pornogràfic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cinema pornogràfic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornografick%C3%BD_film" title="Pornografický film – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pornografický film" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffilm_bornograffig" title="Ffilm bornograffig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffilm bornograffig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornofilm" title="Pornofilm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pornofilm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornofilm" title="Pornofilm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pornofilm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornofilm" title="Pornofilm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pornofilm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πορνογραφική ταινία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πορνογραφική ταινία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_pornogr%C3%A1fico" title="Cine pornográfico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cine pornográfico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornografia-zinema" title="Pornografia-zinema – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pornografia-zinema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="فیلم پورنو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلم پورنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_pornographique" title="Film pornographique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Film pornographique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornofilm" title="Pornofilm – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pornofilm" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_pornogr%C3%A1fico" title="Cinema pornográfico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cinema pornográfico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85%E7%89%87" title="色情片 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="色情片" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94" title="포르노 영화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포르노 영화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="अश्लील फ़िल्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अश्लील फ़िल्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornografski_film" title="Pornografski film – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pornografski film" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_porno" title="Film porno – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Film porno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifilimu_lezocansi" title="Ifilimu lezocansi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ifilimu lezocansi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_pornografico" title="Cinema pornografico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cinema pornografico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99" title="סרט פורנוגרפי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרט פורנוגרפי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filem_porno" title="Filem porno – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Filem porno" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81" title="ຮູບເງົາລາມົກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຮູບເງົາລາມົກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornofilma" title="Pornofilma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pornofilma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornofilm" title="Pornofilm – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pornofilm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornografinis_filmas" title="Pornografinis filmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pornografinis filmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_purnografich" title="Cinema purnografich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cinema purnografich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porn%C3%B3film" title="Pornófilm – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pornófilm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Порнофилм – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Порнофилм" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="നീലച്ചിത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നീലച്ചിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%89" title="فيلم بورنوجرافى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلم بورنوجرافى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filem_pornografi" title="Filem pornografi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Filem pornografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornofilm" title="Pornofilm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pornofilm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अश्लील चलचित्र – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अश्लील चलचित्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB" title="ポルノ映画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポルノ映画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornografisk_film" title="Pornografisk film – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pornografisk film" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornografik_film" title="Pornografik film – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pornografik film" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filme_pornogr%C3%A1fico" title="Filme pornográfico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filme pornográfico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_pornografic" title="Film pornografic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Film pornografic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Порнофильм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Порнофильм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%A7" title="කාමෝද්දීපන චිත්‍රපට – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාමෝද්දීපන චිත්‍රපට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%B4_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85" title="فحش فلم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فحش فلم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filimada_qooq-kobcinta" title="Filimada qooq-kobcinta – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Filimada qooq-kobcinta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="فیلمی پۆرنۆگرافی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیلمی پۆرنۆگرافی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Порнографски филм – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Порнографски филм" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornografski_film" title="Pornografski film – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pornografski film" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornoelokuva" title="Pornoelokuva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pornoelokuva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornografisk_film" title="Pornografisk film – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pornografisk film" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆபாசத் திரைப்படம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆபாசத் திரைப்படம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="నీలి చిత్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నీలి చిత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81" title="ภาพยนตร์ลามก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาพยนตร์ลามก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porno_film" title="Porno film – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Porno film" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Порнофільм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Порнофільм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%B4_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85" title="فحش فلم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فحش فلم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phim_khi%C3%AAu_d%C3%A2m" title="Phim khiêu dâm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phim khiêu dâm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E5%90%88%E6%88%B2" title="交合戲 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="交合戲" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85%E7%89%87" title="色情片 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="色情片" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%B9%E7%89%87" title="鹹片 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鹹片" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmo_pornografik" title="Filmo pornografik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Filmo pornografik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85%E7%89%87" title="色情片 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="色情片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Films that present sexually explicit subject matter in order to arouse and satisfy the viewer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pornographic_film" title="Special:EditPage/Pornographic film">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pornographic_film" title="Talk:Pornographic film">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a 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/></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pornographic_film" title="Special:EditPage/Pornographic film">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pornographic+film%22">"Pornographic film"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pornographic+film%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pornographic+film%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pornographic+film%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pornographic+film%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pornographic+film%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Pornographic_film" title="Talk:Pornographic film">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montre-moi_du_rose_tournage_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Montre-moi_du_rose_tournage_2.jpg/245px-Montre-moi_du_rose_tournage_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Montre-moi_du_rose_tournage_2.jpg/368px-Montre-moi_du_rose_tournage_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Montre-moi_du_rose_tournage_2.jpg/490px-Montre-moi_du_rose_tournage_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Scene from the pornographic film <i>Montre-moi du rose!</i> (2009)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pornographic films</b> (<b>pornos</b>), <b>erotic films</b>, <b>adult films</b>, <b>sex films</b>, <b>18+ films</b>, or also known as <b>blue films</b> (in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> and other English-speaking countries), are films that represent <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">sexually</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/explicit" class="extiw" title="wikt:explicit">explicit</a> subject matter in order to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">arouse</a>, fascinate, or <a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">satisfy</a> the viewer. <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornographic</a> films represent <a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">sexual fantasies</a> and usually include <a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">erotically stimulating material</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">nudity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">softcore</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">hardcore</a>). People who watch this are losers. A distinction is sometimes made between "erotic" and "pornographic" films on the basis that the latter category contains more explicit <a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">sexuality</a>, and focuses more on arousal than storytelling; the distinction is highly subjective. </p><p>Pornographic films are produced and distributed on a variety of media, depending on the demand and technology available, including traditional <a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">footage</a> in various formats, <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">home video</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a>, mobile devices, <a href="/wiki/Internet_pornography" title="Internet pornography">Internet download</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cable_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable TV">cable TV</a>, in addition to other media. Pornography is often sold or rented on DVD; shown through Internet streaming, specialty channels and <a href="/wiki/Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">pay-per-view</a> on cable and satellite; and viewed in rapidly disappearing <a href="/wiki/Adult_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult theater">adult theaters</a>. Often due to broadcast or print censorship commissions; general public opinion; <a href="/wiki/Public_decency" class="mw-redirect" title="Public decency">public decency</a> laws; or religious pressure groups; overly sexualised content is generally not permitted to be shown in <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">mainstream media</a>, or on <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> television. </p><p>Films with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/risqu%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:risqué">risqué</a> content have been produced since the invention of motion picture in the 1880s. Production of such films was profitable, and a number of producers began to specialize in their production. Various groups within society considered such depictions <a href="/wiki/Immoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Immoral">immoral</a>, labeled them "pornographic", and attempted to have them suppressed under other <a href="/wiki/Obscenity_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Obscenity laws">obscenity laws</a>, with varying degrees of success. Such films continued to be produced, and could only be distributed by <a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">underground channels</a>. Because the viewing of such films carried a <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">social stigma</a>, they were viewed at <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothels</a>, adult movie theaters, <a href="/wiki/Stag_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Stag party">stag parties</a>, home, private clubs, and night cinemas. </p><p>In the 1970s, during the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a>, pornographic films were semi-legitimized, to the point where actors not known for appearances in such productions would be cast members (though rarely participating in the explicit scenes);<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the 1980s, pornography on home video achieved wider distribution. The rise of the Internet in the late 1990s and early 2000s changed the way pornographic films were distributed, complicating <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a> regimes around the world and legal prosecutions of "obscenity". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pornographic films are typically categorized as either <a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">softcore</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">hardcore pornography</a>. In general, softcore pornography is pornography that does not depict explicit <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">sexual activity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">sexual penetration</a> or extreme <a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetish" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual fetish">fetishism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Amis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It generally contains <a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">nudity</a> or partial nudity in sexually suggestive situations. Hardcore pornography is pornography that depicts penetration or extreme fetish acts, or both. It contains graphic sexual activity and visible penetration.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pornographic work is characterized as hardcore if it has any hardcore content. </p><p>Pornographic films are generally classified into subgenres which describe the underlying theme or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">sexual fantasy</a> which the film and actors attempt to create. Subgenres can also be classified into the characteristics of the performers or the type of sexual activity on which it concentrates and not necessarily on the <a href="/wiki/Niche_market" title="Niche market">market</a> to which each subgenre appeals. The subgenres usually conform to certain <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">conventions</a>, and each may appeal to a particular audience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag film</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years:_before_1920">Early years: before 1920</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years: before 1920"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Schwarzer_movies_about_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Johann_Schwarzer_movies_about_1906.jpg/225px-Johann_Schwarzer_movies_about_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="643" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Johann_Schwarzer_movies_about_1906.jpg/338px-Johann_Schwarzer_movies_about_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Johann_Schwarzer_movies_about_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="1157" /></a><figcaption>Images from early Austrian erotic movies (about 1906, first image showing <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Am_Sklavenmarkt" title="Am Sklavenmarkt">Am Sklavenmarkt</a></i></span>) by photographer <a href="/wiki/Johann_Schwarzer" title="Johann Schwarzer">Johann Schwarzer</a> and his Saturn Film company</figcaption></figure> <p>Production of erotic films commenced almost immediately after the invention of the motion picture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Two of the earliest pioneers were Frenchmen <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Pirou" title="Eugène Pirou">Eugène Pirou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kirchner" title="Albert Kirchner">Albert Kirchner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirchner, under the name "Léar", directed the earliest surviving erotic film for Pirou. The 7-minute 1896 film <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Coucher_de_la_Mari%C3%A9e" title="Le Coucher de la Mariée">Le Coucher de la Mariée</a></i></span> had <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louise_Willy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louise Willy (page does not exist)">Louise Willy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Willy" class="extiw" title="af:Louise Willy">af</a>; <a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Willy" class="extiw" title="ca:Louise Willy">ca</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Willy" class="extiw" title="fr:Louise Willy">fr</a>; <a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Willy" class="extiw" title="vo:Louise Willy">vo</a>]</span> performing a bathroom <a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">striptease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other French filmmakers also considered that profits could be made from this type of risqué films, showing women disrobing.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1896. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatima%27s_Coochie-Coochie_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatima's Coochie-Coochie dance (page does not exist)">Fatima's Coochie-Coochie dance</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima,_danse_du_ventre" class="extiw" title="fr:Fatima, danse du ventre">fr</a>; <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima%27s_Coochee-Coochee_Dance" class="extiw" title="nl:Fatima's Coochee-Coochee Dance">nl</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was released as a short <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(movie_theater)" title="Nickelodeon (movie theater)">nickelodeon</a> <a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">kinetoscope</a>/film featuring a gyrating <a href="/wiki/Belly_dancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Belly dancer">belly dancer</a> named Fatima. Her gyrating and moving pelvis was censored, one of the earliest films to be censored. At the time, there were numerous risque films that featured exotic dancers.<sup id="cite_ref-sexinfilms1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sexinfilms1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kiss_(1896_film)" title="The Kiss (1896 film)">The May Irwin Kiss</a></i> contained the first kiss on film. It was a 47-second film loop, with a close-up of a nuzzling couple followed by a short peck on the lips ("the mysteries of the kiss revealed"). The kissing scene was denounced as shocking and obscene to early moviegoers and caused the Roman Catholic Church to call for censorship and moral reform, because kissing in public at the time could lead to prosecution.<sup id="cite_ref-sexinfilms1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sexinfilms1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps in defiance and "to spice up a film", this was followed by many kiss imitators, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kiss_in_the_Tunnel" title="The Kiss in the Tunnel">The Kiss in the Tunnel</a></i> (1899) and <i>The Kiss</i> (1900). A <a href="/wiki/Tableau_vivant" title="Tableau vivant">tableau vivant</a> style was used in short film <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_of_The_Pearl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birth of The Pearl (page does not exist)">Birth of The Pearl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_of_The_Pearl" class="extiw" title="cy:Birth of The Pearl">cy</a>]</span></i> (1901)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring an unnamed long-haired young model wearing a flesh-colored <a href="/wiki/Body_stocking" class="mw-redirect" title="Body stocking">body stocking</a> in a direct frontal pose<sup id="cite_ref-sexinfilms1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sexinfilms1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that provides a provocative view of the female body.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pose is in the style of <a href="/wiki/Botticelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticelli">Botticelli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Venus_(Botticelli)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)">The Birth of Venus</a></i>. </p><p>In Austria, cinemas organised men-only nights (called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Herrenabende</i></span>) at which adult films were shown. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Schwarzer" title="Johann Schwarzer">Johann Schwarzer</a> formed his Saturn-Film production company which between 1906 and 1911 produced 52 erotic productions, each of which contained young local women fully nude, to be shown at those screenings. Before Schwarzer's productions, erotic films were provided by the <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> brothers from French produced sources. In 1911, Saturn was dissolved by the censorship authorities which destroyed all the films they could find,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though some have since resurfaced from private collections. There were a number of American films in the 1910s which <a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">featured female nudity</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the beginning of the 20th century, Argentina may have been the first center of pornographic film production in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-moret_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moret-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alpalo_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpalo-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered that the porn film was born in France practically at the same time as the cinematographic medium, but it was in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> where the clandestine production of these films, known as stag films or smokers, was capitalized.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1905,<sup id="cite_ref-moret_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moret-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont</a> moved the production of porn to Argentina to avoid censorship by the French government.<sup id="cite_ref-alpalo_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpalo-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These films were not intended for local or popular consumption, but were "sophisticated entertainment for the enjoyment of the well-to-do class of [Europe]."<sup id="cite_ref-alpalo_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpalo-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing about the origins of underground cinema, Arthur Knight and Hollis Alpert explain that hardcore films were shipped by boat from Argentina to private buyers, mostly in France and England, but also in more distant places such as Russia and the Balkans.<sup id="cite_ref-moret_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moret-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Black_and_White_and_Blue" title="Black and White and Blue">Black and White and Blue</a></i> (2008), one of the most scholarly attempts to document the origins of the clandestine 'stag film' trade, Dave Thompson recounts ample evidence that such an industry first had sprung up in the brothels of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> and other South American cities by the turn of the 20th century, and then quickly spread through Central Europe over the following few years. In his biography of <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Sheaffer" title="Louis Sheaffer">Louis Sheaffer</a> recounts that the playwright traveled to Buenos Aires in the 1900s and was a frequent visitor to the pornographic cinemas in the <a href="/wiki/Barracas,_Buenos_Aires" title="Barracas, Buenos Aires">Barracas</a> neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-moret_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moret-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Argentine film <i><a href="/wiki/El_Sartorio" class="mw-redirect" title="El Sartorio">El Sartorio</a></i> (also known as <i>El Satario</i>) is perhaps the oldest known pornographic film, a theory held by several authors.<sup id="cite_ref-moret_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moret-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-infobaeporno_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobaeporno-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filmed between 1907 and 1912 on the riverside of <a href="/wiki/Quilmes" title="Quilmes">Quilmes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-infobaeporno_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobaeporno-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the film depicts six nude nymphs who are surprised by a satyr or faun, who captures one of them and then has sex in a variety of positions, including the <a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moret_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moret-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gerace_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gerace-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>El Sartorio</i> is held currently in the <a href="/wiki/Kinsey_Institute" title="Kinsey Institute">Kinsey Institute</a>'s film archive, the largest collection of stag films in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-infobaeporno_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobaeporno-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gerace_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gerace-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Pirou is nearly unknown as a pornographic filmmaker, credit is often given to other films for being the first. According to Patrick Robertson's <i>Film Facts</i>, "the earliest pornographic motion picture which can definitely be dated is <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">A L'Ecu d'Or ou la bonne auberge</i></span>" made in France in 1908. The plot depicts a weary soldier who has a tryst with a servant girl at an inn. He also notes that "the oldest surviving pornographic films are contained in America's <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kinsey" title="Alfred Kinsey">Kinsey</a> Collection. One film demonstrates how early pornographic conventions were established. The German film <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Am_Abend" title="Am Abend">Am Abend</a></i></span> (1910) is a ten-minute film which begins with a woman masturbating alone in her bedroom, and progresses to scenes of her with a man in the <a href="/wiki/Missionary_position" title="Missionary position">missionary position</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">fellatio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">penile anal penetration</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920s–1940s_suppression"><span id="1920s.E2.80.931940s_suppression"></span>1920s–1940s suppression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1920s–1940s suppression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blonde_stag_film.ogv/220px--Blonde_stag_film.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="150" data-durationhint="158" data-mwtitle="Blonde_stag_film.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Blonde_stag_film.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Blonde_stag_film.ogv/Blonde_stag_film.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="352" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Blonde_stag_film.ogv/Blonde_stag_film.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="352" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Blonde_stag_film.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="352" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Blonde_stag_film.ogv/Blonde_stag_film.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="212" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">stag film</a> depicting a woman performing <a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">striptease</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pornographic movies were widespread in the <a href="/wiki/Silent_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent movie">silent movie</a> era of the 1920s, and were often shown in <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothels</a>. Soon illegal, <a href="/wiki/Stag_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Stag films">stag films</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Erotic_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic films">blue films</a>, as they were called, were produced underground by amateurs for many years starting in the 1940s. Processing the film took considerable time and resources, with people using their bathtubs to wash the film when processing facilities (often tied to organized crime) were unavailable. The films were then circulated privately or by traveling salesmen, but anyone caught viewing or possessing them risked a prison sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-history_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s:_home_movies">1950s: home movies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1950s: home movies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The post-war era saw technological developments that further stimulated the growth of a mass market and amateur film-making, particularly the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/8_mm_film" title="8 mm film">8 mm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Super_8_mm_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Super 8 mm film">super-8</a> film gauges, popular for the home movie market.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Entrepreneurs emerged to meet the demand. In Britain, in the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Marks" title="Harrison Marks">Harrison Marks</a> produced films which were considered risqué, and which today would be described as "soft core". In 1958, as an offshoot of his magazines, Marks began making short films for the 8mm market of his models undressing and posing topless, popularly known as "glamour home movies". To Marks, the term "glamour" was a euphemism for nude modeling/photography.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s:_Europe_and_United_States">1960s: Europe and United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1960s: Europe and United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in 1961, <a href="/wiki/Lasse_Braun" title="Lasse Braun">Lasse Braun</a> was a pioneer in quality colour productions that were, in the early days, distributed by making use of his father's diplomatic privileges. Braun was able to accumulate funds for his lavish productions from the profit gained with so-called loops, ten-minute <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">hardcore</a> movies which he sold to <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Sturman" title="Reuben Sturman">Reuben Sturman</a>, who distributed them to 60,000 American <a href="/wiki/Peep_show" title="Peep show">peep show</a> booths.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Braun was always on the move, and made his hardcore movies in a number of countries, including Spain, France, Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In December 1960, American female director <a href="/wiki/Doris_Wishman" title="Doris Wishman">Doris Wishman</a> began producing a series of eight <a href="/wiki/Pornographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornographic">pornographic</a> films, or <a href="/wiki/Nudist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudist">nudist</a> films without sex scenes, including <i><a href="/wiki/Hideout_in_the_Sun" title="Hideout in the Sun">Hideout in the Sun</a></i> (1960), <i><a href="/wiki/Nude_on_the_Moon" title="Nude on the Moon">Nude on the Moon</a></i> (1961) and <i><a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Nudist" title="Diary of a Nudist">Diary of a Nudist</a></i> (1961). She also produced a series of <a href="/wiki/Sexploitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexploitation">sexploitation</a> films.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, social and judicial attitudes towards the explicit depiction of sexuality began to change. For example, Swedish film <i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Curious_(Yellow)" title="I Am Curious (Yellow)">I Am Curious (Yellow)</a></i> (1967) included numerous frank nude scenes and simulated sexual intercourse. In one particularly controversial scene, Lena kisses her lover's flaccid penis. The film was exhibited in mainstream cinemas, but in 1969 it was banned in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> allegedly for being pornographic. The ban was challenged in the courts, with the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> ultimately declaring that the film was not obscene,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> paving the way for other sexually explicit films. Another Swedish film <i><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Love" title="Language of Love">Language of Love</a></i> (1969) was also sexually explicit, but was framed as a quasi-documentary sex <a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">educational film</a>, which made its legal status uncertain though controversial. </p><p>In 1969, Denmark became the first country to abolish all censorship laws, enabling pornography, including hardcore pornography. The example was followed by toleration in the Netherlands, also in 1969. There was an explosion of pornography commercially produced in those countries, including, at the very beginning, <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bestiality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bestiality">bestiality</a> porn. Now that being a pornographer was legal, there was no shortage of businessmen who invested in plant and equipment capable of turning out a mass-produced, cheap, but quality product. Vast amounts of this new pornography, both magazines and films, needed to be smuggled into other parts of Europe, where it was sold "under the counter" or (sometimes) shown in "members only" cinema clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-history_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, producers of pornographic films formed the <a href="/wiki/Adult_Film_Association_of_America" title="Adult Film Association of America">Adult Film Association of America</a> in 1969, after the release of <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>, to fight against censorship, and to defend the industry against <a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscenity</a> charges.<sup id="cite_ref-afw0187_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afw0187-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s:_adult_theaters_and_movie_booths_in_the_United_States">1970s: adult theaters and movie booths in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1970s: adult theaters and movie booths in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1970s, there was a more tolerant judicial attitude to non-mainstream films. Mainstream theatres did not usually screen even softcore films, leading to a rise of <a href="/wiki/Adult_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult theater">adult theaters</a> in the United States and many other countries. There was also a proliferation of coin-operated "movie booths" in <a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">sex shops</a> that displayed pornographic "loops" (so called because they projected a movie from film arranged in a continuous loop).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Denmark started producing comparatively big-budget theatrical feature film sex comedies such as <i><a href="/wiki/Bordellet" title="Bordellet">Bordellet</a></i> (1972), the <a href="/wiki/Bedside-films" title="Bedside-films"><i>Bedside</i>-films</a> (1970–1976) and the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac-films" title="Zodiac-films"><i>Zodiac</i>-films</a> (1973–1978), starring mainstream actors (a few of whom even performed their own sex scenes) and usually not thought of as "porno films" though all except the early <i>Bedside</i>-films included hardcore pornographic scenes. Several of these films still rank among the most seen films in Danish film history<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and all remain favourites on home video.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Pornographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornographic">adult erotic film</a> depicting explicit sex to receive wide theatrical release in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-19690722_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-19690722-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WS-2002-2005_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-2002-2005-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-19690810_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-19690810-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was a seminal film in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a> and, according to Warhol, a major influence in the making of <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Tango_in_Paris" title="Last Tango in Paris">Last Tango in Paris</a></i>, an internationally controversial erotic drama film, starring <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a>, and released a few years after <i>Blue Movie</i> was made.<sup id="cite_ref-WS-2002-2005_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-2002-2005-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first explicitly pornographic film with a plot that received a general theatrical release in the U.S. is generally considered to be <i><a href="/wiki/Mona_the_Virgin_Nymph" title="Mona the Virgin Nymph">Mona the Virgin Nymph</a></i> (also known as <i>Mona</i>), a 59-minute 1970 feature by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Osco" title="Bill Osco">Bill Osco</a>, who created the relatively high-budget hardcore/softcore (depending on the release) 1974 cult film <i><a href="/wiki/Flesh_Gordon" title="Flesh Gordon">Flesh Gordon</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-time_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later, in 1976, the X-rated musical-comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1976_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1976 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i>. </p><p>The 1971 film <i><a href="/wiki/Boys_in_the_Sand" title="Boys in the Sand">Boys in the Sand</a></i> represented a number of pornographic firsts. As the first generally available <a href="/wiki/Gay_pornography" title="Gay pornography">gay pornographic</a> film, the film was the first to include on-screen credits for its cast and crew (albeit largely under pseudonyms), to parody the title of a mainstream film (in this case, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_in_the_Band_(1970_film)" title="The Boys in the Band (1970 film)">The Boys in the Band</a></i>), and, after the 1969 film <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-19690722_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-19690722-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the first to be reviewed by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable American hardcore feature films of the 1970s include <i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Throat_(film)" title="Deep Throat (film)">Deep Throat</a></i> (1972), <i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Green_Door" title="Behind the Green Door">Behind the Green Door</a></i> (1972), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_in_Miss_Jones" title="The Devil in Miss Jones">The Devil in Miss Jones</a></i> (1973), <a href="/wiki/Radley_Metzger" title="Radley Metzger">Radley Metzger</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Opening_of_Misty_Beethoven" title="The Opening of Misty Beethoven">The Opening of Misty Beethoven</a></i> (1976) and <i><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Does_Dallas" title="Debbie Does Dallas">Debbie Does Dallas</a></i> (1978). These were shot on film and screened in mainstream movie theaters. In Britain, <i>Deep Throat</i> was not approved in its uncut form until 2000 and not shown publicly until June 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-time_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S. <i><a href="/wiki/Miller_v._California" title="Miller v. California">Miller v. California</a></i> was an important court case in 1973. The case established that <a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscenity</a> was not legally protected, but the case also established the <a href="/wiki/Miller_test" title="Miller test">Miller test</a>, a three-pronged test to determine obscenity (which is not legal) as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Indecency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indecency">indecency</a> (which may or may not be legal).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s:_new_technology_and_new_legal_cases">1980s: new technology and new legal cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1980s: new technology and new legal cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the arrival of the home <a href="/wiki/Video_cassette_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Video cassette recorder">video cassette recorder</a> in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the pornographic movie industry experienced massive growth and spawned adult stars like <a href="/wiki/Traci_Lords" title="Traci Lords">Traci Lords</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seka_(actress)" title="Seka (actress)">Seka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christy_Canyon" title="Christy Canyon">Christy Canyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Lynn" title="Ginger Lynn">Ginger Lynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nina_Hartley" title="Nina Hartley">Nina Hartley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and directors such as <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Dark" title="Gregory Dark">Gregory Dark</a>. By 1982, most pornographic films were being shot on the cheaper and more convenient medium of <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videotape</a>. Many film directors resisted this shift at first because videotape produced a different image quality. Those who did change soon were collecting most of the industry's profits, since consumers overwhelmingly preferred the new format. The technology change happened quickly and completely when directors realized that continuing to shoot on film was no longer a profitable option. This change moved the films out of the theaters and into people's homes. This marked the end of the age of big-budget productions, and the beginning of the mainstreaming of pornography. It soon went back to its earthy roots and expanded to cover nearly every fetish possible, since the production of pornography was now inexpensive. Instead of hundreds of pornographic films being made each year, thousands were being made, including compilations of just the sex scenes from various videos.<sup id="cite_ref-history_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One could now not only watch pornography in the comfort and privacy of one's own home, but also find more choices available to satisfy specific fantasies and fetishes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Camcorder" title="Camcorder">camcorder</a> spurred changes in pornography in the 1980s, when people could make their own amateur sex movies, whether for private use, or for wider distribution.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> result of the 1987 legal case <a href="/wiki/California_v._Freeman" class="mw-redirect" title="California v. Freeman">California v. Freeman</a> effectively legalized <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">hardcore pornography</a> in the U.S.. The prosecution of Harold Freeman was initially planned as the first in a series of legal cases to effectively outlaw the production of such movies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s:_DVD_and_the_Internet_age">1990s: DVD and the Internet age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1990s: DVD and the Internet age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Woodman_at_work_in_Australia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pierre_Woodman_at_work_in_Australia.png/220px-Pierre_Woodman_at_work_in_Australia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pierre_Woodman_at_work_in_Australia.png/330px-Pierre_Woodman_at_work_in_Australia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pierre_Woodman_at_work_in_Australia.png/440px-Pierre_Woodman_at_work_in_Australia.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>Production crew of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Woodman" title="Pierre Woodman">Pierre Woodman</a> shooting pornographic film "The Fugitive", with actors Jeanette Marton and Philippe Soine performing on a location in Australia in 1997</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 1990s, pornographic films were distributed on DVD. These offered better quality picture and sound than the previous video format (<a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videotape</a>) and allowed innovations such as "interactive" videos that let users choose such variables as multiple camera angles, multiple endings and computer-only DVD content.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The introduction and widespread availability of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> further changed the way pornography was distributed. Previously, videos were ordered from an adult bookstore or through mail-order; with the Internet, people could watch pornographic movies on their computers, and instead of waiting weeks for an order to arrive, a movie could be downloaded within minutes (or, later, within a few seconds).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Pornography can be distributed over the Internet in a number of ways, including <a href="/wiki/Paysite" title="Paysite">paysites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Video hosting service">video hosting services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> <a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">file sharing</a>. While pornography had been traded electronically since the 1980s, the invention of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> in 1991, as well as the opening of the Internet to the general public around the same time, led to an explosion in online pornography.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Viv_Thomas" title="Viv Thomas">Viv Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_(pornographic_actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Thomas (pornographic actor)">Paul Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Blake_(director)" title="Andrew Blake (director)">Andrew Blake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Adamo" title="Antonio Adamo">Antonio Adamo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Siffredi" title="Rocco Siffredi">Rocco Siffredi</a> were prominent directors of pornographic films in the 1990s. In 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a>-nominated film production company <a href="/wiki/Zentropa" title="Zentropa">Zentropa</a> became the world's first mainstream film company to openly produce <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">hardcore</a> pornographic films, starting with <i><a href="/wiki/Constance_(1998_film)" title="Constance (1998 film)">Constance</a></i> (1998). That same year, Zentropa also produced <i><a href="/wiki/Idioterne" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioterne">Idioterne</a></i> (1998), directed by <a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a>, which won many international awards and was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Palm">Golden Palm</a> in Cannes. The film includes a shower sequence with a male erection and an orgy scene with close-up penetration footage (the camera viewpoint is from the ankles of the participants, and the close-ups leave no doubt as to what is taking place). <i>Idioterne</i> started a wave of international mainstream arthouse films featuring explicit sexual images, such as <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Breillat" title="Catherine Breillat">Catherine Breillat</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Romance_(1999_film)" title="Romance (1999 film)">Romance</a></i>, which starred pornstar <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Siffredi" title="Rocco Siffredi">Rocco Siffredi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, the Danish TV channel <a href="/wiki/Kanal_K%C3%B8benhavn" title="Kanal København">Kanal København</a> started broadcasting hardcore films at night, uncoded and freely available to any viewer in the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> area (as of 2009, this is still the case, courtesy of <a href="/wiki/Innocent_Pictures" title="Innocent Pictures">Innocent Pictures</a>, a company started by Zentropa).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once people could watch adult movies in the privacy of their own homes, a new adult market developed that far exceeded the scope of its theater-centric predecessor. The Internet served as catalyst for creating a still-larger market for porn, a market that is even less traditionally theatrical.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the 2000s, there were hundreds of adult film companies, releasing tens of thousands of productions, recorded directly on video, with minimal sets. The market was further expanded by webcams and webcam recordings, in which thousands of pornographic actors work in front of the camera to satisfy pornography consumers' demand.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s_to_present:_competition_and_contraction">2000s to present: competition and contraction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2000s to present: competition and contraction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 2000s, the fortunes of the pornography industry had changed. With reliably profitable DVD sales being largely supplanted by <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming media</a> delivery over the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, competition from bootleg, amateur and low-cost professional content on the Internet had made the industry substantially less profitable, leading to it shrinking in size.<sup id="cite_ref-theroux-guardian-jun2012_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theroux-guardian-jun2012-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time this gave rise to video sharing platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Pornhub" title="Pornhub">Pornhub</a>, <a href="/wiki/XVideos" title="XVideos">XVideos</a> and <a href="/wiki/XHamster" title="XHamster">xHamster</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pornographic_film_industry">Pornographic film industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pornographic film industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porn_Set_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Porn_Set_5.jpg/245px-Porn_Set_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Porn_Set_5.jpg/368px-Porn_Set_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Porn_Set_5.jpg/490px-Porn_Set_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Actress Cali Chase seducing actor Mikey Butders on a <i><a href="/wiki/Naughty_America" title="Naughty America">Naughty America</a></i> film set before performing sexual intercourse in December 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Equinoxe_tournage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Equinoxe_tournage.jpg/245px-Equinoxe_tournage.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Equinoxe_tournage.jpg/368px-Equinoxe_tournage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Equinoxe_tournage.jpg/490px-Equinoxe_tournage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2753" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Porn actresses Nikita Bellucci and Alice Leroy being photographed by porn actor Francesco Malcom on the set of the film "EquinoXe" in 2015</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Globally, pornography is a large-scale business with revenues of nearly $100 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-2013Industry_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013Industry-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which includes the production of various media and associated <a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">products</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_work" title="Sex work">services</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">industry</a> employs thousands of <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">performers</a> along with support and production staff. It is also followed by dedicated <a href="/wiki/Category:Business_magazines" title="Category:Business magazines">industry publications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">trade groups</a> as well as the mainstream press, private organizations (<a href="/wiki/Watchdog_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Watchdog group">watchdog groups</a>), government agencies, and political organizations. According to a 2005 <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> article, "The multi-billion-dollar industry releases about 11,000 titles on DVD each year."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pornographic films can be sold or rented out on DVD, shown through Internet and special channels and <a href="/wiki/Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">pay-per-view</a> on cable and satellite, and in <a href="/wiki/Adult_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult theater">adult theaters</a>. However, by 2012, widespread availability of illegally copied content and other low-cost competition on the Internet had made the pornographic film industry smaller and reduced profitability.<sup id="cite_ref-theroux-guardian-jun2012_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theroux-guardian-jun2012-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The global pornographic film industry is dominated by the United States, with the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> being the heart of the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-cbsnews2003_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews2003-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, the total retail value of all the <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">hardcore pornography</a> in the United States was estimated at $5–10 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Amis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1979, Revision of the Federal Criminal Code stated that "in Los Angeles alone, the porno business does $100 million a year in gross retain volume." According to the 1986 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, American adult entertainment industry has grown considerably over the past thirty years by continually changing and expanding to appeal to new markets, though the production is considered to be low-profile and clandestine.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the total current income of the country's adult entertainment is often estimated at $10–13 billion, of which $4–6 billion are legal. The figure is often credited to a study by <a href="/wiki/Forrester_Research" title="Forrester Research">Forrester Research</a> and was lowered in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i> newspaper also gave a figure of $13 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources, quoted by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> (Adams Media Research, Veronis Suhler Communications Industry Report, and IVD), even taking into consideration all possible means (video networks and pay-per-view movies on cable and satellite, websites, in-room hotel movies, phone sex, sex toys, and magazines) mention the $2.6–3.9 billion figure (without the cellphone component). <i>USA Today</i> claimed in 2003 that websites such as Danni's Hard Drive and Cybererotica.com generated $2 billion in revenue in that year, which was allegedly about 10% of the overall domestic porn market at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adult movies income (from sale and rent) was once estimated by <a href="/wiki/AVN_(magazine)" title="AVN (magazine)">AVN Publications</a> at $4.3 billion but the figure obtaining is unclear. According to the 2001 <i>Forbes</i> data, the annual income distribution is the following: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <td>Adult video</td> <td>$500 million to $1.8 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>Internet</td> <td>$1 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>Magazines</td> <td>$1 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pay-per-view</td> <td>$128 million </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mobile</td> <td>$30 million<sup id="cite_ref-cell_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cell-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>The Online Journalism Review</i>, published by the <a href="/wiki/USC_Annenberg_School_for_Communication" class="mw-redirect" title="USC Annenberg School for Communication">Annenberg School of Communication</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>, weighed in with an analysis that favored <i>Forbes'</i> number. The financial extent of adult films, distributed in hotels, is hard to estimate—hotels keep statistics to themselves or do not keep them at all.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The world's largest adult movie studio <a href="/wiki/Vivid_Entertainment" title="Vivid Entertainment">Vivid Entertainment</a> generates an estimated $100 million a year in revenue, distributing 60 films annually,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and selling them in video stores, hotel rooms, on cable systems, and on the Internet. The Spanish-based studio <a href="/wiki/Private_Media_Group" title="Private Media Group">Private Media Group</a> was listed on the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> until November 2011. Video rentals soared from just under 80 million in 1985 to a half-billion by 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiaries</a> of major corporations are the largest pornography sellers, like <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>, the nation's largest cable company, once pulled in $50 million from adult programming. Revenues of companies such as <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hustler_(magazine)" title="Hustler (magazine)">Hustler</a></i> were small by comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production <span class="anchor" id="Conventions"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Pornographic film actor</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pornographic_film" title="Special:EditPage/Pornographic film">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pornographic+film%22">"Pornographic film"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pornographic+film%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pornographic+film%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pornographic+film%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pornographic+film%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pornographic+film%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_young_private_endures_a_brutal_Army_physical_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/A_young_private_endures_a_brutal_Army_physical_1.jpg/220px-A_young_private_endures_a_brutal_Army_physical_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/A_young_private_endures_a_brutal_Army_physical_1.jpg/330px-A_young_private_endures_a_brutal_Army_physical_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/A_young_private_endures_a_brutal_Army_physical_1.jpg/440px-A_young_private_endures_a_brutal_Army_physical_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3021" /></a><figcaption>The film set for a <a href="/wiki/Medical_fetishism" title="Medical fetishism">medical fetishism</a> scene</figcaption></figure> <p>Pornographic films are produced and directed at a target audience, who buy and view the films. Traditionally, the audience of pornographic films have been straight males, the male actor typically acted as a proxy for the viewer. A typical pornographic film focuses on a female performer, her male partner traditionally had no distinctive features. However, there has been an increase in female viewers over time, and there have recently been efforts to increase the <a href="/wiki/Sexualization" title="Sexualization">sexualization</a> of male performers also. Efforts such as, men with charming facial features and well-built bodies becoming predominant in pornographic films, as well as the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_pornography" title="Feminist pornography">feminist pornography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overtime a gay audience also developed, and the scenarios of the films adjust accordingly. </p><p>Pornographic films attempt to present a sexual fantasy and the actors selected for a particular role are primarily selected on their ability to create that fantasy. The physical features of the actors and their ability to create the sexual mood of the film is the main factor in who is cast in certain roles. Most actors specialize in certain genres. </p><p>Within the average film targeted at a heterosexual male audience, the primary focus is on the sexually attractive appearance of female actress or actresses, meanwhile most male performers in heterosexual pornography are selected less for their looks and more so for their sexual prowess. They are presented as being able to fulfill the proxy fantasy of the male watching audience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_pornography_laws_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pornography laws by region">List of pornography laws by region</a></div> <p>In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> held in 1969 that State laws making mere private possession of obscene material a crime are invalid.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further attempts were made in the 1970s in the United States to close down the pornography industry, this time by prosecuting those in the industry on <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a> charges. The prosecution started in the courts in California in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/People_v._Freeman" title="People v. Freeman">People v. Freeman</a></i>. The California Supreme Court acquitted Freeman and distinguished between someone who takes part in a sexual relationship for money (prostitution) versus someone whose role is merely <i>portraying</i> a sexual relationship on-screen as part of their acting performance. The State did not appeal to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> making the decision binding in California, where most pornographic films are made today.<sup id="cite_ref-cbsnews2003_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews2003-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At present, no other state in the United States has either implemented or accepted this legal distinction between commercial pornography performers versus prostitutes as shown in the Florida case where sex film maker Clinton Raymond McCowen, aka "Ray Guhn", was indicted on charges of "soliciting and engaging in prostitution" for his creation of pornography films which included "McCowen and his associates recruited up to 100 local men and women to participate in group sex scenes, the affidavit says."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distinction that California has in its legal determination in the Freeman decision is usually denied in most states' local prostitution laws, which do not specifically exclude performers from such inclusion. </p><p>In some cases, some states have ratified their local state laws for inclusion to prevent California's <i>Freeman</i> decision to be applied to actors who are paid a fee for sexual actions within their state borders. One example is the state of Texas whose prostitution law specifically states: </p> <dl><dd>An offense is established under Subsection (a)(1) whether the actor is to receive or pay a fee. An offense is established under Subsection (a)(2) whether the actor solicits a person to hire him or offers to hire the person solicited.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>In the United States, federal law prohibits the sale, distribution or dissemination of obscene materials through the mail, over the broadcast airwaves, on cable or satellite TV, on the Internet, over the telephone or by any other means that cross state lines.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most states also have specific laws banning the sale or distribution of obscene pornography within state borders. The only protection for obscene material recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> is personal possession in the home (<i><a href="/wiki/Stanley_v._Georgia" title="Stanley v. Georgia">Stanley v. Georgia</a></i>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> affirmed in <i><a href="/wiki/Miller_v._California" title="Miller v. California">Miller v. California</a></i> that obscenity was not protected speech. Further, the court ruled that each community is responsible for setting its own standards about what is considered to be obscene material. If pornographic material is prosecuted and brought to trial, a jury can deem it obscene based on: </p> <ol><li>whether "the average person, applying contemporary community standards" would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest</li> <li>whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable state law and</li> <li>whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value.</li></ol> <p>In many countries pornography is legal to distribute and to produce, but there are some restrictions. Pornography is also banned in some countries, in particular in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, but can be accessed through the Internet in some of these nations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_issues">Health issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Health issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sex acts in pornographic films have traditionally been performed without the use of <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">condoms</a>, with an accompanying risk of <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually transmitted disease">sexually transmitted disease</a> among performers. In 1986, there was an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> infection which led to the deaths through <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> of several actors and actresses. This led to the creation in 1998 of the <a href="/wiki/Adult_Industry_Medical_Health_Care_Foundation" title="Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation">Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation</a> (AIM), which helped set up a monitoring system in the U.S. pornographic film industry, which required pornographic film actors to be tested for HIV every 30 days.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, HIV infection of performers in the U.S. pornography industry has been rare, with only a few outbreaks being recorded over the subsequent three decades. The AIM closed its doors in May 2011 and filed for bankruptcy as a result of a court case arising from an inadvertent leak by it of confidential information on clients, including names and <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">STD</a> results.<sup id="cite_ref-romero_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romero-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HuffCondom_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HuffCondom-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pornproject_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Pornproject_logo.svg/32px-Pornproject_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Pornproject_logo.svg/48px-Pornproject_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Pornproject_logo.svg/64px-Pornproject_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="79" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Erotica_and_pornography" title="Portal:Erotica and pornography">Erotica and pornography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/48px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/64px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_film_awards" title="List of pornographic film awards">List of pornographic film awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_movie_theater" title="Adult movie theater">Adult movie theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_pornography" title="Amateur pornography">Amateur pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_pornography" title="Cartoon pornography">Cartoon pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cum_shot" title="Cum shot">Cum shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_film_studios" title="List of pornographic film studios">List of pornographic film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_addiction" title="Pornography addiction">Pornography addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porn_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Porn groove">Porn groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porn_parody" class="mw-redirect" title="Porn parody">Porn parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Pornography by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STDs_in_the_porn_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="STDs in the porn industry">STDs in the porn industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsimulated_sex" title="Unsimulated sex">Unsimulated sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-rated" class="mw-redirect" title="X-rated">X-rated</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Two examples are <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Cameron Mitchell (actor)">Cameron Mitchell</a> in <i>Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star</i> and comedian <a href="/wiki/Richard_Belzer" title="Richard Belzer">Richard Belzer</a> in <i>Cafe Flesh</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmis2001" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Amis" title="Martin Amis">Amis, Martin</a> (17 March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Archive/Article/0,4273,4153718,00.html">"A rough trade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Guardian.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian.co.uk">Guardian.co.uk</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524071906/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/mar/17/society.martinamis1">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian.co.uk&rft.atitle=A+rough+trade&rft.date=2001-03-17&rft.aulast=Amis&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2FArchive%2FArticle%2F0%2C4273%2C4153718%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/modern/20th-Century-Nudes.html">"P20th Century Nudes in Art"</a>. The Art History Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215175749/http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/modern/20th-Century-Nudes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P20th+Century+Nudes+in+Art&rft.pub=The+Art+History+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthistoryarchive.com%2Farthistory%2Fmodern%2F20th-Century-Nudes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLenz2016" class="citation web cs1">Lenz, Lyz (17 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/irl/history-of-porn/">"A brief and incredible history of porn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Dot" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Dot">Daily Dot</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Complex_Media,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Complex Media, Inc.">Complex Media, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018234737/https://www.dailydot.com/irl/history-of-porn/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=A+brief+and+incredible+history+of+porn&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.aulast=Lenz&rft.aufirst=Lyz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Firl%2Fhistory-of-porn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Abel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9cc71Uekc_EC&dq=%22Louise+Willy%22&pg=PA518"><i>Encyclopedia of early cinema</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403225112/https://books.google.com/books?id=9cc71Uekc_EC&dq=%22Louise+Willy%22&pg=PA518">Archived</a> 3 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Taylor & Francis, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23440-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23440-5">978-0-415-23440-5</a>, p.518</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBottomore1996" class="citation web cs1">Bottomore, Stephen (1996). Stephen Herbert; Luke McKernan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorian-cinema.net/lear.htm">"Léar (Albert Kirchner)"</a>. <i>Who's Who of Victorian Cinema</i>. British Film Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061010111821/http://www.victorian-cinema.net/lear.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who+of+Victorian+Cinema&rft.atitle=L%C3%A9ar+%28Albert+Kirchner%29&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Bottomore&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorian-cinema.net%2Flear.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBottomore1996" class="citation web cs1">Bottomore, Stephen (1996). Stephen Herbert; Luke McKernan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorian-cinema.net/pirou.htm">"Eugène Pirou"</a>. <i>Who's Who of Victorian Cinema</i>. British Film Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502070425/http://www.victorian-cinema.net/pirou.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who+of+Victorian+Cinema&rft.atitle=Eug%C3%A8ne+Pirou&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Bottomore&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorian-cinema.net%2Fpirou.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Produced by James A. White and shot by William Heise for the Edison Manufacturing Co. in 1896.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sexinfilms1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sexinfilms1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sexinfilms1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sexinfilms1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/sexinfilms1.html">"Sex in Cinema: Pre-1920s Greatest and Most Influential Erotic / Sexual Films and Scenes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423071032/http://www.filmsite.org/sexinfilms1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+in+Cinema%3A+Pre-1920s+Greatest+and+Most+Influential+Erotic+%2F+Sexual+Films+and+Scenes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Fsexinfilms1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Produced by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_S._Armitage" title="Frederick S. Armitage">Frederick S. Armitage</a> for the <a href="/wiki/American_Mutoscope_and_Biograph_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="American Mutoscope and Biograph Company">American Mutoscope and Biograph Company</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awmi10/d21.html">"Full caption: Birth of the Pearl. Camera: F.S. Armitage. AM&B, 1901. Paper Print Collection (LC1318), Moving Image Section, Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830042926/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awmi10/d21.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+caption%3A+Birth+of+the+Pearl.+Camera%3A+F.S.+Armitage.+AM%26B%2C+1901.+Paper+Print+Collection+%28LC1318%29%2C+Moving+Image+Section%2C+Motion+Picture%2C+Broadcasting+and+Recorded+Sound+Division.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fammem%2Fawhhtml%2Fawmi10%2Fd21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Achenbach, Paolo Caneppele, Ernst Kieninger: <i>Projektionen der Sehnsucht: Saturn, die erotischen Anfänge der österreichischen Kinematografie</i>. Filmarchiv Austria, Wien 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-901932-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-901932-04-6">3-901932-04-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moret-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moret_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moret_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moret_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moret_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moret_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moret_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoret2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moret, Natalia (5 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/radar/9-6671-2010-12-05.html">"La primera vez"</a>. <i>Radar. <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1gina/12" class="mw-redirect" title="Página/12">Página/12</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921133954/https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/radar/9-6671-2010-12-05.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radar.+P%C3%A1gina%2F12&rft.atitle=La+primera+vez&rft.date=2010-12-05&rft.aulast=Moret&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagina12.com.ar%2Fdiario%2Fsuplementos%2Fradar%2F9-6671-2010-12-05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alpalo-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alpalo_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alpalo_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alpalo_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerreirós2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ferreirós, Hernán (12 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/radar/9-1883-2004-12-12.html">"La argentinidad al palo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1gina/12" class="mw-redirect" title="Página/12">Página/12</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308201228/https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/radar/9-1883-2004-12-12.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%A1gina%2F12&rft.atitle=La+argentinidad+al+palo&rft.date=2004-12-12&rft.aulast=Ferreir%C3%B3s&rft.aufirst=Hern%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagina12.com.ar%2Fdiario%2Fsuplementos%2Fradar%2F9-1883-2004-12-12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobledo2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Robledo, Juanjo (7 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/movil/cultura_sociedad/2010/08/100807_cine_porno_mudo_lh.shtml">"La era del cine porno mudo"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/BBC_Mundo" title="BBC Mundo">BBC Mundo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170417120055/http://www.bbc.com/mundo/movil/cultura_sociedad/2010/08/100807_cine_porno_mudo_lh.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+era+del+cine+porno+mudo&rft.pub=BBC+Mundo&rft.date=2010-08-07&rft.aulast=Robledo&rft.aufirst=Juanjo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fmundo%2Fmovil%2Fcultura_sociedad%2F2010%2F08%2F100807_cine_porno_mudo_lh.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infobaeporno-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-infobaeporno_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infobaeporno_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infobaeporno_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fernández, Maximiliano (10 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/tendencias/2017/06/10/la-primera-pelicula-porno-de-la-historia-es-argentina-mitos-y-certezas-detras-de-la-leyenda/">"¿La primera película porno de la historia es argentina?: mitos y certezas detrás de la leyenda"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Infobae" title="Infobae">Infobae</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309010127/https://www.infobae.com/tendencias/2017/06/10/la-primera-pelicula-porno-de-la-historia-es-argentina-mitos-y-certezas-detras-de-la-leyenda/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%BFLa+primera+pel%C3%ADcula+porno+de+la+historia+es+argentina%3F%3A+mitos+y+certezas+detr%C3%A1s+de+la+leyenda&rft.pub=Infobae&rft.date=2017-06-10&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Maximiliano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Ftendencias%2F2017%2F06%2F10%2Fla-primera-pelicula-porno-de-la-historia-es-argentina-mitos-y-certezas-detras-de-la-leyenda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gerace-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gerace_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gerace_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerace2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gerace, Rodrigo (1 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FaJBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT68"><i>Cinema explícito: Representações cinematográficas do sexo</i></a> (in Portuguese). Perspectiva & Edições Sesc São Paulo. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8569298458" title="Special:BookSources/978-8569298458"><bdi>978-8569298458</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinema+expl%C3%ADcito%3A+Representa%C3%A7%C3%B5es+cinematogr%C3%A1ficas+do+sexo&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Perspectiva+%26+Edi%C3%A7%C3%B5es+Sesc+S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.isbn=978-8569298458&rft.aulast=Gerace&rft.aufirst=Rodrigo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFaJBDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2001" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Patrick (December 2001). <i>Film Facts</i>. Billboard Books. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-7943-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-7943-8"><bdi>978-0-8230-7943-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+Facts&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=2001-12&rft.isbn=978-0-8230-7943-8&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Chris Rodley, Dev Varma, Kate Williams III (Directors) Marilyn Milgrom, Grant Romer, Rolf Borowczak, Bob Guccione, Dean Kuipers (Cast) (7 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100822002054/http://www.kochvision.com/product.aspx?number=741952635291"><i>Pornography: The Secret History of Civilization</i></a> (DVD). Port Washington, NY: Koch Vision. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4172-2885-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-4172-2885-7"><bdi>1-4172-2885-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kochvision.com/product.aspx?number=741952635291">the original</a> on 22 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pornography%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Civilization&rft.place=Port+Washington%2C+NY&rft.pub=Koch+Vision&rft.date=2006-03-07&rft.isbn=1-4172-2885-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kochvision.com%2Fproduct.aspx%3Fnumber%3D741952635291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorliss2005" class="citation news cs1">Corliss, Richard (29 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1043267,00.html">"That Old Feeling: When Porno Was Chic"</a>. <i>Time Magazine</i>. Time inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160224174609/http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1043267,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=That+Old+Feeling%3A+When+Porno+Was+Chic&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft.aulast=Corliss&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Farts%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1043267%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-5654-6.00076-3">"Videos"</a>, <i>Meningiomas</i>, Elsevier, pp. xix–xx, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-4160-5654-6.00076-3">10.1016/b978-1-4160-5654-6.00076-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416056546" title="Special:BookSources/9781416056546"><bdi>9781416056546</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meningiomas&rft.atitle=Videos&rft.pages=xix-xx&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-1-4160-5654-6.00076-3&rft.isbn=9781416056546&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fb978-1-4160-5654-6.00076-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218152345/http://www.oed.com/bbcwords/glamour-new.html">"glamour, n."</a> OED. 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Karalexis</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/us/396/976/case.html">396 U.S. 976 (1969)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026192922/http://supreme.justia.com/us/396/976/case.html">Archived</a> 26 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/us/401/216/case.html">401 U.S. 216 (1971)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009050942/http://supreme.justia.com/us/401/216/case.html">Archived</a> 9 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmint.nu/?q=node/31">"Film International - Thinking Film Since 1973"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408112245/http://filmint.nu/?q=node/31">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Film+International+-+Thinking+Film+Since+1973&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmint.nu%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afw0187-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-afw0187_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"10th Annual Erotic Awards," <i>Adam Film World</i>, January 1987, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425072353/http://www.scope.dk/solgtebilletter.php">"Scope: Flest solgte billetter"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scope.dk/solgtebilletter.php">the original</a> on 25 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scope%3A+Flest+solgte+billetter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scope.dk%2Fsolgtebilletter.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekkofilm.dk/?allowbreak=false&id=472">"Sengekant (inkl. en uges skiferie)"</a>. <i>Ekko.dk</i> (in Danish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904131836/http://www.ekkofilm.dk/?allowbreak=false&id=472">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ekko.dk&rft.atitle=Sengekant+%28inkl.+en+uges+skiferie%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekkofilm.dk%2F%3Fallowbreak%3Dfalse%26id%3D472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-19690722-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-19690722_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-19690722_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanby1969" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Canby, Vincent</a> (22 July 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9507E5D91738E63ABC4A51DFB1668382679EDE">"Movie Review - Blue Movie (1968) Screen: Andy Warhol's 'Blue Movie'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231190855/https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9507E5D91738E63ABC4A51DFB1668382679EDE">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Movie+Review+-+Blue+Movie+%281968%29+Screen%3A+Andy+Warhol%27s+%27Blue+Movie%27&rft.date=1969-07-22&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9507E5D91738E63ABC4A51DFB1668382679EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WS-2002-2005-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WS-2002-2005_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS-2002-2005_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComenas2005" class="citation web cs1">Comenas, Gary (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warholstars.org/andy-warhol-blue-movie.html">"Blue Movie (1968)"</a>. <i>WarholStars.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206045638/https://warholstars.org/andy-warhol-blue-movie.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WarholStars.org&rft.atitle=Blue+Movie+%281968%29&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Comenas&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warholstars.org%2Fandy-warhol-blue-movie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-19690810-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-19690810_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanby1969" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Canby, Vincent</a> (10 August 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9807E4D91739EF3BBC4852DFBE668382679EDE">"Warhol's Red Hot and 'Blue' Movie. D1. Print. (behind paywall)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231190855/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9807E4D91739EF3BBC4852DFBE668382679EDE">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Warhol%27s+Red+Hot+and+%27Blue%27+Movie.+D1.+Print.+%28behind+paywall%29&rft.date=1969-08-10&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9807E4D91739EF3BBC4852DFBE668382679EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehendale2006" class="citation news cs1">Mehendale, Rachel (9 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsp.utexas.edu/FrontPage/TSMweb/advertising%20supplements/Valentines%20Day/valentines.pdf">"Is porn a problem?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Daily Texan</i>. pp. 17, 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912050457/http://www.tsp.utexas.edu/FrontPage/TSMweb/advertising%20supplements/Valentines%20Day/valentines.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Texan&rft.atitle=Is+porn+a+problem%3F&rft.pages=17%2C+22&rft.date=2006-02-09&rft.aulast=Mehendale&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsp.utexas.edu%2FFrontPage%2FTSMweb%2Fadvertising%2520supplements%2FValentines%2520Day%2Fvalentines.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmonsonCal_CulverCasey_Donovan1998" class="citation book cs1">Edmonson, Roger; Cal Culver; Casey Donovan (October 1998). <i>Boy in the Sand: Casey Donovan, All-American Sex Star</i>. Alyson Books. p. 264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55583-457-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55583-457-9"><bdi>978-1-55583-457-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boy+in+the+Sand%3A+Casey+Donovan%2C+All-American+Sex+Star&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Alyson+Books&rft.date=1998-10&rft.isbn=978-1-55583-457-9&rft.aulast=Edmonson&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Cal+Culver&rft.au=Casey+Donovan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattenstone2005" class="citation news cs1">Hattenstone, Simon (11 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://film.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1504240,00.html">"After 33 years, Deep Throat, the film that shocked the US, gets its first British showing"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Guardian News and Media Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219072209/http://film.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1504240,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=After+33+years%2C+Deep+Throat%2C+the+film+that+shocked+the+US%2C+gets+its+first+British+showing&rft.date=2005-06-11&rft.aulast=Hattenstone&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilm.guardian.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1504240%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5410268.stm">"Porn film on 'landmark 100' list"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. 5 October 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828192003/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5410268.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Porn+film+on+%27landmark+100%27+list&rft.date=2006-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F5410268.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avn.com/porn-stars/Nina-Hartley-250651.html">"AVN Nina Hartley"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225102959/https://avn.com/porn-stars/nina-hartley-250651.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AVN+Nina+Hartley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avn.com%2Fporn-stars%2FNina-Hartley-250651.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/1999/09/18/a-real-romance-this-french-flicks-graphic-sex-scenes-arent-just-acting-director-says/">"A real 'Romance'? : This French flick'S graphic sex scenes aren't just acting, director says"</a>. <i>nypost.com</i>. 18 September 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nypost.com&rft.atitle=A+real+%27Romance%27%3F+%3A+This+French+flick%27S+graphic+sex+scenes+aren%27t+just+acting%2C+director+says&rft.date=1999-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F1999%2F09%2F18%2Fa-real-romance-this-french-flicks-graphic-sex-scenes-arent-just-acting-director-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0194314/"><i>Romance</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228194319/http://www.kanalkobenhavn.dk/6_erotik.html">"Kanal København - Erotik og Kontakt"</a>. 28 December 2013. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kanal+K%C3%B8benhavn+-+Erotik+og+Kontakt&rft.date=2013-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kanalkobenhavn.dk%2F6_erotik.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theroux-guardian-jun2012-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theroux-guardian-jun2012_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theroux-guardian-jun2012_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_Theroux2012" class="citation news cs1">Louis Theroux (5 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/jun/05/how-internet-killed-porn">"How the internet killed porn"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013141042/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/jun/05/how-internet-killed-porn">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+the+internet+killed+porn&rft.date=2012-06-05&rft.au=Louis+Theroux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2012%2Fjun%2F05%2Fhow-internet-killed-porn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2013Industry-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2013Industry_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2014" class="citation web cs1">Morris, Chris (14 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2014/01/13/after-rough-2013-porn-studios-look-for-a-better-year.html">"After rough 2013, porn studios look for a better year – "Globally, porn is a $97 billion industry, according to Kassia Wosick, assistant professor of sociology at New Mexico State University. At present, between $10 billion and $12 billion of that comes from the United States."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140122080040/http://www.cnbc.com/id/101326937">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+rough+2013%2C+porn+studios+look+for+a+better+year+%E2%80%93+%22Globally%2C+porn+is+a+%2497+billion+industry%2C+according+to+Kassia+Wosick%2C+assistant+professor+of+sociology+at+New+Mexico+State+University.+At+present%2C+between+%2410+billion+and+%2412+billion+of+that+comes+from+the+United+States.%22&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2014-01-14&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2014%2F01%2F13%2Fafter-rough-2013-porn-studios-look-for-a-better-year.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050111042140/http://bizreport.com/news/8560/">"Porn Business Driving DVD Technology - BizReport"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bizreport.com/news/8560/">the original</a> on 11 January 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Porn+Business+Driving+DVD+Technology+-+BizReport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbizreport.com%2Fnews%2F8560%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbsnews2003-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews2003_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews2003_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/porn-in-the-usa-21-11-2003/">"Porn In The U.S.A."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. 21 November 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080103014218/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11/21/60minutes/main585049.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Porn+In+The+U.S.A.&rft.date=2003-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fporn-in-the-usa-21-11-2003%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fisher, Louis (1995). <i>American Constitutional Law</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-021223-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-021223-6">0-07-021223-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ackman, Dan (25 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2001/05/25/0524porn.html">"How Big Is Porn?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213211220/http://www.forbes.com/2001/05/25/0524porn.html">Archived</a> 13 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Forbes.com. Retrieved 29 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmore, Edward (16 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/dec/16/film.usa">"Home porn gives industry the blues"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222112812/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/dec/16/film.usa">Archived</a> 22 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 4 March 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swartz, Jon (9 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2004-03-09-onlineporn_x.htm">"Online porn often leads high-tech way"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627060347/http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2004-03-09-onlineporn_x.htm">Archived</a> 27 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. USATODAY.com. Retrieved 29 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cell-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cell_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strauss, Gary (12 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/tech/products/services/2005-12-12-pornography-cellphones_x.htm">"Cellphone technology rings in pornography in USA"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120831161909/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/products/services/2005-12-12-pornography-cellphones_x.htm">Archived</a> 31 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. USATODAY.com. Retrieved 29 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley, Matt (6 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/travel/hotels/2006-09-06-hotel-pornography_x.htm">"Groups protest porn on hotel TVs"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120107003921/http://www.usatoday.com/travel/hotels/2006-09-06-hotel-pornography_x.htm">Archived</a> 7 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. USATODAY.com. Retrieved 29 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulley2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Pulley, Brett (27 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224221604/http://www.forbes.com/2005/03/07/cz_bp_0307vivid.html">"The Porn King"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/business/2005/03/07/cz_bp_0307vivid.html">the original</a> on 24 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes.com&rft.atitle=The+Porn+King&rft.date=2005-03-27&rft.aulast=Pulley&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fbusiness%2F2005%2F03%2F07%2Fcz_bp_0307vivid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2003/06/01/343376/index.htm">"Prime-Time Porn Borrowing tactics from the old Hollywood studios, Vivid Entertainment has ditched the plain brown wrapper and is taking the multibillion-dollar sex-film industry mainstream. - June 1, 2003"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407114813/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2003/06/01/343376/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prime-Time+Porn+Borrowing+tactics+from+the+old+Hollywood+studios%2C+Vivid+Entertainment+has+ditched+the+plain+brown+wrapper+and+is+taking+the+multibillion-dollar+sex-film+industry+mainstream.+-+June+1%2C+2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Fbusiness2%2Fbusiness2_archive%2F2003%2F06%2F01%2F343376%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Egan, Timothy (23 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.essential.org/pipermail/commercial-alert/2000/000042.html"><i>Wall Street Meets Pornography</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107224434/http://lists.essential.org/pipermail/commercial-alert/2000/000042.html">Archived</a> 7 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/mar/22/porn-women">"'Porn made for women, by women"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205063451/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/mar/22/porn-women">Archived</a> 5 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> May, Catalina. The Guardian, 22 March 2011. Accessed 11 October 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/toni-nagy/porn-for-women_b_2783342.html">"'Artisanal, locally grown, free range porn for women"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131027035018/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/toni-nagy/porn-for-women_b_2783342.html">Archived</a> 27 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Nagy, Toni. Huffington Post, 4 March 2013. Accessed 11 October 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=394&invol=557">"STANLEY v. GEORGIA"</a>. <i>Findlaw</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110126051256/http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=394&invol=557">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Findlaw&rft.atitle=STANLEY+v.+GEORGIA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaselaw.lp.findlaw.com%2Fscripts%2Fgetcase.pl%3Fcourt%3Dus%26vol%3D394%26invol%3D557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">But see news.com.au: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/coffee-shop-girls-face-charges-over-sex-shows/story-e6frfq80-1225827686559">Coffee shop girls face charges over sex shows</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906052003/http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/coffee-shop-girls-face-charges-over-sex-shows/story-e6frfq80-1225827686559">Archived</a> 6 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> February 08, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130209182130/http://www.xbiz.com/news_piece.php?id=15700">"Webmaster Ray Guhn Arrested in Florida"</a>. <i>xbiz.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xbiz.com/news_piece.php?id=15700">the original</a> on 9 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xbiz.com&rft.atitle=Webmaster+Ray+Guhn+Arrested+in+Florida&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xbiz.com%2Fnews_piece.php%3Fid%3D15700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/PE/htm/PE.43.htm">"Texas Penal Code, Chapter 43: Public Indecency"</a>. Texas Legislature. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120918065056/http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/PE/htm/PE.43.htm%2343.23">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+Penal+Code%2C+Chapter+43%3A+Public+Indecency&rft.pub=Texas+Legislature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statutes.legis.state.tx.us%2FDocs%2FPE%2Fhtm%2FPE.43.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/part-I/chapter-71">"18 USC Chapter 71 - OBSCENITY | Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure | U.S. Code | LII / Legal Information Institute"</a>. Law.cornell.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019204308/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/part-I/chapter-71">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=18+USC+Chapter+71+-+OBSCENITY+%26%23124%3B+Title+18+-+Crimes+and+Criminal+Procedure+%26%23124%3B+U.S.+Code+%26%23124%3B+LII+%2F+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.pub=Law.cornell.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F18%2Fpart-I%2Fchapter-71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastenHolmesHolmes1998" class="citation book cs1">Basten, Fred; Holmes, Laurie; Holmes, John C. (1998). <i>Porn King: The John Holmes Story</i>. John Holmes Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-880047-69-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-880047-69-9"><bdi>978-1-880047-69-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Porn+King%3A+The+John+Holmes+Story&rft.pub=John+Holmes+Inc&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-880047-69-9&rft.aulast=Basten&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Laurie&rft.au=Holmes%2C+John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-romero-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-romero_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis_Romero2011" class="citation web cs1">Dennis Romero (3 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110507015636/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/2011/05/porn_clinic_closed_aim_testing.php">"Porn Clinic AIM Closes For Good: Valley-Based Industry Scrambles to Find New STD Testing System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/LA_Weekly" title="LA Weekly">LA Weekly</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/2011/05/porn_clinic_closed_aim_testing.php">the original</a> on 7 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=Porn+Clinic+AIM+Closes+For+Good%3A+Valley-Based+Industry+Scrambles+to+Find+New+STD+Testing+System&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft.au=Dennis+Romero&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.laweekly.com%2Finformer%2F2011%2F05%2Fporn_clinic_closed_aim_testing.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HuffCondom-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HuffCondom_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2012" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Mitchell (21 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mitchell-williams/how-a-straight-adult-performer-convinced-me-that-condoms-are-useless-in-porn_b_2165066.html">"How a Straight Adult Performer Convinced Me That Condoms Are Useless in Porn"</a>. Huffington Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605092937/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/how-a-straight-adult-performer-convinced-me-that-condoms-are-useless-in-porn_b_2165066">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+a+Straight+Adult+Performer+Convinced+Me+That+Condoms+Are+Useless+in+Porn&rft.pub=Huffington+Press&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fmitchell-williams%2Fhow-a-straight-adult-performer-convinced-me-that-condoms-are-useless-in-porn_b_2165066.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APornographic+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Patrick Robertson: <i>Film Facts</i>, 2001, Billboard Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-7943-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-7943-0">0-8230-7943-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pornographic_film&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pornographic_films" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pornographic films">Pornographic films</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works on the topic <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Pornographic_films" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Pornographic films">Pornographic films</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_genres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pornography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FBAED2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pornography" title="Template:Pornography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pornography" title="Template talk:Pornography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pornography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pornography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pornography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Pornography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_pornography" title="Amateur pornography">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_pornography" title="Cartoon pornography">Cartoon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_bible" title="Tijuana bible">Tijuana bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_erotica" title="Child erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_child_pornography" title="Simulated child pornography">Simulated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepfake_pornography" title="Deepfake pornography">Deepfake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pornography" title="Feminist pornography">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_pornography" title="Internet pornography">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_porn" title="Mobile porn">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_porn" title="Revenge porn">Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexting" title="Sexting">Sexting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_porn" title="Alt porn">Alt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pornography" title="Bondage pornography">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clop_(erotic_fan_art)" title="Clop (erotic fan art)">Clopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent_pornography" title="Convent pornography">Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_pornography" title="Ethnic pornography">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Gang bang pornography">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_pornography" title="Gonzo pornography">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest_pornography" title="Incest pornography">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MILF_pornography" title="MILF pornography">MILF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_pornography" title="Mormon pornography">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_pornography" title="Rape pornography">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_pornography" title="Reality pornography">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_hypno" title="Sissy hypno">Sissy hypno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle</a></li> <li>LGBTQ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erotica" title="Lesbian erotica">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_pornography" title="Gay pornography">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_pornography" title="Bisexual pornography">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pornography" title="Transgender pornography">Transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_pornography" title="Queer pornography">Queer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porn_for_women" title="Porn for women">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiff" title="Yiff">Yiffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoophilic_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoophilic pornography">Zoophilic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Film_Association_of_America" title="Adult Film Association of America">Adult Film Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critics_Adult_Film_Association" title="Critics Adult Film Association">Critics Adult Film Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fans_of_X-Rated_Entertainment" title="Fans of X-Rated Entertainment">Fans of X-Rated Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_Coalition" title="Free Speech Coalition">Free Speech Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Rated_Critics_Organization" title="X-Rated Critics Organization">X-Rated Critics Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornography_companies" title="List of pornography companies">List of pornography companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_film_studios" title="List of pornographic film studios">List of pornographic film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuck_for_Forest" title="Fuck for Forest">Fuck for Forest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_pornography" title="Opposition to pornography">Opposition to<br />pornography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-pornography movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-pornography movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-pornography movement in the United States">Anti-pornography movement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipornography_Civil_Rights_Ordinance" title="Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance">Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchmen%27s_Committee_for_Decent_Publications" title="Churchmen's Committee for Decent Publications">Churchmen's Committee for Decent Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminists_Fighting_Pornography" title="Feminists Fighting Pornography">Feminists Fighting Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_the_New_Drug" title="Fight the New Drug">Fight the New Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_Vow" title="The Marriage Vow">The Marriage Vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_More_Page_3" title="No More Page 3">No More Page 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bild_Sexism" title="Stop Bild Sexism">Stop Bild Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Child_Trafficking_Now" title="Stop Child Trafficking Now">Stop Child Trafficking Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Porn_Culture" title="Stop Porn Culture">Stop Porn Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Against_Pornography" title="Women Against Pornography">Women Against Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Against_Violence_in_Pornography_and_Media" title="Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media">Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXXchurch.com" title="XXXchurch.com">XXXchurch.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Overuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accountability_software" title="Accountability software">Accountability software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_monitoring_software" title="Employee monitoring software">Employee monitoring software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_filter" title="Internet filter">Internet filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NoFap" title="NoFap">NoFap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_controls" title="Parental controls">Parental controls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_pornography" title="Feminist views on pornography">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_pornography" title="Religious views on pornography">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_porn" title="Audio porn">Audio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_pornography" title="Cartoon pornography">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_parody_film" title="Pornographic parody film">Parody</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_AI_pornography" title="Generative AI pornography">Generative AI pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_magazine" title="Pornographic magazine">Magazines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_magazines" title="List of pornographic magazines">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_3" title="Page 3">Page 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_content_in_video_games" title="Sexual content in video games">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_pornography" title="Effects of pornography">Possible effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_addiction" title="Pornography addiction">Pornography addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infections_in_the_pornography_industry" title="Sexually transmitted infections in the pornography industry">STDs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_performers_by_decade" title="List of pornographic performers by decade">Performers by decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_pornographic_actors" title="List of British pornographic actors">British performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_in_gay_pornographic_films" title="List of actors in gay pornographic films">Gay male performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_actors_who_appeared_in_mainstream_films" title="List of pornographic actors who appeared in mainstream films">Pornographic actors who appeared in mainstream films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mainstream_actors_who_have_appeared_in_pornographic_films" title="List of mainstream actors who have appeared in pornographic films">Mainstream actors who have appeared in pornographic films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_film_directors" title="List of pornographic film directors">Film directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hentai_creators" title="List of hentai creators">List of hentai creators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adultcon" title="Adultcon">Adultcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVN_Adult_Entertainment_Expo" title="AVN Adult Entertainment Expo">AVN Adult Entertainment Expo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_International_Erotic_Film_Festival" title="Barcelona International Erotic Film Festival">Barcelona International Erotic Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_International_Festival_of_Eroticism" title="Brussels International Festival of Eroticism">Brussels International Festival of Eroticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_Erotic_Ball" title="Exotic Erotic Ball">Exotic Erotic Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exxxotica_Expo" title="Exxxotica Expo">Exxxotica Expo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HUMP!" title="HUMP!">HUMP!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porn_Sunday" title="Porn Sunday">Porn Sunday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_movie_theater" title="Adult movie theater">Adult movie theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_safe_for_work" title="Not safe for work">Not safe for work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornification" title="Pornification">Pornification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornotopia" title="Pornotopia">Pornotopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R18_(British_Board_of_Film_Classification)" title="R18 (British Board of Film Classification)">R18 certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_34" title="Rule 34">Rule 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexualization" title="Sexualization">Sexualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_rating" title="X rating">X rating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_art" title="Erotic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_comics" title="Erotic comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_literature" title="Erotic literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_erotica" title="Women's erotica">Women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">Nudity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwatch_and_pornography" title="Overwatch and pornography"><i>Overwatch</i> and pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_and_pornography" title="Pokémon and pornography"><i>Pokémon</i> and pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribaldry" title="Ribaldry">Ribaldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights" title="Sexual and reproductive health and rights">Sexual and reproductive health and rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_v._Georgia" title="Stanley v. Georgia">Stanley v. Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagery_of_nude_celebrities" title="Imagery of nude celebrities">Imagery of nude celebrities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_sex_tape" title="Celebrity sex tape">sex tape</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FBAED2;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pornography" title="Category:Pornography">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Erotica_and_pornography" title="Portal:Erotica and pornography">Erotica and pornography portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex" title="Template:Sex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex" title="Template talk:Sex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_sexuality" title="Outline of human sexuality">Outline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">Erogenous zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">Libido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">male ejaculation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ejaculate" title="Pre-ejaculate">Pre-ejaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">Sexual response cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_stimulation" title="Sexual stimulation">Sexual stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Health</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">Masters and Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_therapy" title="Sex therapy">Sex therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLISSIT_model" title="PLISSIT model">PLISSIT model</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral 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