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of outage</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Probability of outage"> <meta name="keywords" content="Probability of outage"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">567</span> Cognitive Relaying in Interference Limited Spectrum Sharing Environment: Outage Probability and Outage Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md%20Fazlul%20Kader">Md Fazlul Kader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soo%20Young%20Shin"> Soo Young Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider a cognitive relay network (CRN) in which the primary receiver (PR) is protected by peak transmit power ¯PST and/or peak interference power Q constraints. In addition, the interference effect from the primary transmitter (PT) is considered to show its impact on the performance of the CRN. We investigate the outage probability (OP) and outage capacity (OC) of the CRN by deriving closed-form expressions over Rayleigh fading channel. Results show that both the OP and OC improve by increasing the cooperative relay nodes as well as when the PT is far away from the SR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20relay" title="Cognitive relay">Cognitive relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=outage" title=" outage"> outage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interference%20limited" title=" interference limited"> interference limited</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decode-and-forward%20%28DF%29." title=" decode-and-forward (DF)."> decode-and-forward (DF).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/cognitive-relaying-in-interference-limited-spectrum-sharing-environment-outage-probability-and-outage-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1909</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">566</span> Convex Restrictions for Outage Constrained MU-MISO Downlink under Imperfect Channel State Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Preetha%20Priyadharshini">A. Preetha Priyadharshini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20B.%20M.%20Priya"> S. B. M. Priya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we consider the MU-MISO downlink scenario, under imperfect channel state information (CSI). The main issue in imperfect CSI is to keep the probability of each user achievable outage rate below the given threshold level. Such a rate outage constraints present significant and analytical challenges. There are many probabilistic methods are used to minimize the transmit optimization problem under imperfect CSI. Here, decomposition based large deviation inequality and Bernstein type inequality convex restriction methods are used to perform the optimization problem under imperfect CSI. These methods are used for achieving improved output quality and lower complexity. They provide a safe tractable approximation of the original rate outage constraints. Based on these method implementations, performance has been evaluated in the terms of feasible rate and average transmission power. The simulation results are shown that all the two methods offer significantly improved outage quality and lower computational complexity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Imperfect%20channel%20state%20information" title="Imperfect channel state information">Imperfect channel state information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=outage%20probability" title=" outage probability"> outage probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiuser-%20multi%20input%20single%20output." title=" multiuser- multi input single output."> multiuser- multi input single output.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/convex-restrictions-for-outage-constrained-mu-miso-downlink-under-imperfect-channel-state-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">565</span> Average Secrecy Mutual Information of the Non-Identically Independently Distributed Hoyt Fading Wireless Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Sohidul%20Islam">Md. Sohidul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Rakibul%20Islam"> Mohammad Rakibul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider a non-identically independently distributed (non-i.i.d.) Hoyt fading single-input multiple-out put (SIMO) channel, where the transmitter sends some confidential information to the legitimate receiver in presence of an eavesdropper. We formulated the probability of non-zero secrecy mutual information; secure outage probability and average secrecy mutual information (SMI) for the SIMO wireless communication system. The calculation has been carried out using small limit argument approximation (SLAA) on zeroth-order modified Bessel function of first kind. In our proposed model, an eavesdropper observes transmissions of information through another Hoyt fading channel. First, we derived the analytical expression for non-zero secrecy mutual information. Then, we find the secure outage probability to investigate the outage behavior of the proposed model. Finally, we find the average secrecy mutual information. We consider that the channel state information (CSI) is known to legitimate receiver. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hoyt%20fading" title="Hoyt fading">Hoyt fading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=main%20channel" title=" main channel"> main channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=eavesdropper%20channel" title=" eavesdropper channel"> eavesdropper channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=secure%20outage%20probability" title=" secure outage probability"> secure outage probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=average%20secrecy%20mutual%20information." title=" average secrecy mutual information. "> average secrecy mutual information. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/average-secrecy-mutual-information-of-the-non-identically-independently-distributed-hoyt-fading-wireless-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">564</span> Outage Capacity Analysis for Next Generation Wireless Communication Using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Sohidul%20Islam">Md. Sohidul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Fartheen%20Khan"> Ahmad Fartheen Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In recent times, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has received significant attention as an upcoming candidate in the world of 5G systems. The main reason for getting NOMA in 5G is because of its capacity to provide services to many users who have the same time and frequency resources. It is best used as "multiple-input, multiple-output" (MIMO) technology. In this paper, we are going to investigate outage probability as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and target rate user. These methods will be implemented using cooperative communication and fair power allocation, respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Non-orthogonal%20Multiple%20Access" title="Non-orthogonal Multiple Access">Non-orthogonal Multiple Access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fair%20Power%20Allocation" title=" Fair Power Allocation"> Fair Power Allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Outage%20Probability" title=" Outage Probability"> Outage Probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Target%20Rate%20User" title=" Target Rate User"> Target Rate User</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cooperative%20Communication" title=" Cooperative Communication"> Cooperative Communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=massive%20multiple%20input%20multiple%20output" title=" massive multiple input multiple output"> massive multiple input multiple output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Successive%20Interference%20Cancellation." title=" Successive Interference Cancellation."> Successive Interference Cancellation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/outage-capacity-analysis-for-next-generation-wireless-communication-using-non-orthogonal-multiple-access" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">563</span> Performance of Soft Handover Algorithm in Varied Propagation Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20P.%20Singh">N. P. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brahmjit%20Singh"> Brahmjit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CDMA cellular networks support soft handover, which guarantees the continuity of wireless services and enhanced communication quality. Cellular networks support multimedia services under varied propagation environmental conditions. In this paper, we have shown the effect of characteristic parameters of the cellular environments on the soft handover performance. We consider path loss exponent, standard deviation of shadow fading and correlation coefficient of shadow fading as the characteristic parameters of the radio propagation environment. A very useful statistical measure for characterizing the performance of mobile radio system is the probability of outage. It is shown through numerical results that above parameters have decisive effect on the probability of outage and hence the overall performance of the soft handover algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CDMA" title="CDMA">CDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Correlation%20coefficient" title=" Correlation coefficient"> Correlation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Path%20loss%20exponent" title=" Path loss exponent"> Path loss exponent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Probability%20of%20outage" title=" Probability of outage"> Probability of outage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soft%20handover." title=" Soft handover."> Soft handover.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/performance-of-soft-handover-algorithm-in-varied-propagation-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1721</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">562</span> Adaptive Radio Resource Allocation for Multiple Traffic OFDMA Broadband Wireless Access System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lu%20Yanhui">Lu Yanhui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhang%20Lizhi"> Zhang Lizhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yin%20Changchuan"> Yin Changchuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yue%20Guangxin"> Yue Guangxin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an adaptive radio resource allocation (RRA) algorithm applying to multiple traffic OFDMA system is proposed, which distributes sub-carrier and loading bits among users according to their different QoS requirements and traffic class. By classifying and prioritizing the users based on their traffic characteristic and ensuring resource for higher priority users, the scheme decreases tremendously the outage probability of the users requiring a real time transmission without impact on the spectrum efficiency of system, as well as the outage probability of data users is not increased compared with the RRA methods published. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OFDMA" title="OFDMA">OFDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adaptive%20radio%20resource%20allocation" title=" adaptive radio resource allocation"> adaptive radio resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QoS." title=" QoS."> QoS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/adaptive-radio-resource-allocation-for-multiple-traffic-ofdma-broadband-wireless-access-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1689</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">561</span> Impact of Metallic Furniture on UWB Channel Statistical Characteristics by BER</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yu-Shuai%20Chen">Yu-Shuai Chen </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chien-Ching%20Chiu"> Chien-Ching Chiu </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chung-Hsin%20Huang"> Chung-Hsin Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chien-Hung%20Chen"> Chien-Hung Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bit error rate (BER) performance for ultra-wide band (UWB) indoor communication with impact of metallic furniture is investigated. The impulse responses of different indoor environments for any transmitter and receiver location are computed by shooting and bouncing ray/image and inverse Fourier transform techniques. By using the impulse responses of these multipath channels, the BER performance for binary pulse amplitude modulation (BPAM) impulse radio UWB communication system are calculated. Numerical results have shown that the multi-path effect by the metallic cabinets is an important factor for BER performance. Also the outage probability for the UWB multipath environment with metallic cabinets is more serious (about 18%) than with wooden cabinets. Finally, it is worth noting that in these cases the present work provides not only comparative information but also quantitative information on the performance reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UWB" title="UWB">UWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multipath" title=" multipath"> multipath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=outage%20probability." title=" outage probability."> outage probability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/impact-of-metallic-furniture-on-uwb-channel-statistical-characteristics-by-ber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">560</span> A Degraded Practical MIMOME Channel: Issues Insecret Data Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Rakibul%20Islam">Mohammad Rakibul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a Gaussian multiple input multiple output multiple eavesdropper (MIMOME) channel is considered where a transmitter communicates to a receiver in the presence of an eavesdropper. We present a technique for determining the secrecy capacity of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel under Gaussian noise. We transform the degraded MIMOME channel into multiple single input multiple output (SIMO) Gaussian wire-tap channels and then use scalar approach to convert it into two equivalent multiple input single output (MISO) channels. The secrecy capacity model is then developed for the condition where the channel state information (CSI) for main channel only is known to the transmitter. The results show that the secret communication is possible when the eavesdropper channel noise is greater than a cutoff noise level. The outage probability is also analyzed of secrecy capacity is also analyzed. The effect of fading and outage probability is also analyzed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Secrecy%20capacity" title="Secrecy capacity">Secrecy capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wiretap%20channel" title=" wiretap channel"> wiretap channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=covariance%20matrix" title=" covariance matrix"> covariance matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fading." title=" fading."> fading.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/a-degraded-practical-mimome-channel-issues-insecret-data-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">559</span> Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence on Hybrid FSO/RF Link Availability under Qatar Harsh Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abir%20Touati">Abir Touati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syed%20Jawad%20Hussain"> Syed Jawad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farid%20Touati"> Farid Touati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ammar%20Bouallegue"> Ammar Bouallegue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although there has been a growing interest in the hybrid free-space optical link and radio frequency FSO/RF communication system, the current literature is limited to results obtained in moderate or cold environment. In this paper, using a soft switching approach, we investigate the effect of weather inhomogeneities on the strength of turbulence hence the channel refractive index under Qatar harsh environment and their influence on the hybrid FSO/RF availability. In this approach, either FSO/RF or simultaneous or none of them can be active. Based on soft switching approach and a finite state Markov Chain (FSMC) process, we model the channel fading for the two links and derive a mathematical expression for the outage probability of the hybrid system. Then, we evaluate the behavior of the hybrid FSO/RF under hazy and harsh weather. Results show that the FSO/RF soft switching renders the system outage probability less than that of each link individually. A soft switching algorithm is being implemented on FPGAs using Raptor code interfaced to the two terminals of a 1Gbps/100 Mbps FSO/RF hybrid system, the first being implemented in the region. Experimental results are compared to the above simulation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atmospheric%20turbulence" title="Atmospheric turbulence">Atmospheric turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=haze" title=" haze"> haze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soft%20switching" title=" soft switching"> soft switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raptor%20codes" title=" Raptor codes"> Raptor codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=refractive%20index." title=" refractive index."> refractive index.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/effect-of-atmospheric-turbulence-on-hybrid-fsorf-link-availability-under-qatar-harsh-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">558</span> Assessment of Channel Unavailability Effect on the Wireless Networks Teletraffic Modeling and Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eman%20S.%20El-Din">Eman S. El-Din</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hesham%20M.%20El-Badawy"> Hesham M. El-Badawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salwa%20H.%20Elramly"> Salwa H. Elramly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whereas cellular wireless communication systems are subject to short-and long-term fading. The effect of wireless channel has largely been ignored in most of the teletraffic assessment researches. In this paper, a mathematical teletraffic model is proposed to estimate blocking and forced termination probabilities of cellular wireless networks as a result of teletraffic behavior as well as the outage of the propagation channel. To evaluate the proposed teletraffic model, gamma inter-arrival and general service time distributions have been considered based on wireless channel fading effect. The performance is evaluated and compared with the classical model. The proposed model is dedicated and investigated in different operational conditions. These conditions will consider not only the arrival rate process, but also, the different faded channels models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cellular%20wireless%20networks" title="Cellular wireless networks">Cellular wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=outage%20probability" title=" outage probability"> outage probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traffic%20model" title=" traffic model"> traffic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gamma%20inter-arrival%20distribution." title=" gamma inter-arrival distribution."> gamma inter-arrival distribution.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/assessment-of-channel-unavailability-effect-on-the-wireless-networks-teletraffic-modeling-and-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">557</span> A Mobile Multihop Relay Dynamic TDD Scheme for Cellular Networks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jong-Moon%20Chung">Jong-Moon Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyung-Weon%20Cho"> Hyung-Weon Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ki-Yong%20Jin"> Ki-Yong Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Min-Hee%20Cho"> Min-Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we present an analytical framework for the evaluation of the uplink performance of multihop cellular networks based on dynamic time division duplex (TDD). New wireless broadband protocols, such as WiMAX, WiBro, and 3G-LTE apply TDD, and mobile communication protocols under standardization (e.g., IEEE802.16j) are investigating mobile multihop relay (MMR) as a future technology. In this paper a novel MMR TDD scheme is presented, where the dynamic range of the frame is shared to traffic resources of asymmetric nature and multihop relaying. The mobile communication channel interference model comprises of inner and co-channel interference (CCI). The performance analysis focuses on the uplink due to the fact that the effects of dynamic resource allocation show significant performance degradation only in the uplink compared to time division multiple access (TDMA) schemes due to CCI [1-3], where the downlink results to be the same or better.The analysis was based on the signal to interference power ratio (SIR) outage probability of dynamic TDD (D-TDD) and TDMA systems,which are the most widespread mobile communication multi-user control techniques. This paper presents the uplink SIR outage probability with multihop results and shows that the dynamic TDD scheme applying MMR can provide a performance improvement compared to single hop applications if executed properly.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Co-Channel%20Interference" title="Co-Channel Interference">Co-Channel Interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dynamic%20TDD" title=" Dynamic TDD"> Dynamic TDD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MobileMultihop%20Reply" title=" MobileMultihop Reply"> MobileMultihop Reply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cellular%20Network" title=" Cellular Network"> Cellular Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Time%20Division%20Multiple%20Access." title=" Time Division Multiple Access."> Time Division Multiple Access.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/a-mobile-multihop-relay-dynamic-tdd-scheme-for-cellular-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">556</span> Analysis of Different Combining Schemes of Two Amplify-Forward Relay Branches with Individual Links Experiencing Nakagami Fading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Babu%20Sena%20Paul">Babu Sena Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ratnajit%20Bhattacharjee"> Ratnajit Bhattacharjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Relay based communication has gained considerable importance in the recent years. In this paper we find the end-toend statistics of a two hop non-regenerative relay branch, each hop being Nakagami-m faded. Closed form expressions for the probability density functions of the signal envelope at the output of a selection combiner and a maximal ratio combiner at the destination node are also derived and analytical formulations are verified through computer simulation. These density functions are useful in evaluating the system performance in terms of bit error rate and outage probability.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=co-operative%20diversity" title="co-operative diversity">co-operative diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diversity%20combining" title=" diversity combining"> diversity combining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=maximal%20ratio%20combining" title=" maximal ratio combining"> maximal ratio combining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=selection%20combining." title=" selection combining."> selection combining.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/analysis-of-different-combining-schemes-of-two-amplify-forward-relay-branches-with-individual-links-experiencing-nakagami-fading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">555</span> Contingency Screening Using Risk Factor Considering Transmission Line Outage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Marsadek">M. Marsadek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Mohamed"> A. Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power system security analysis is the most time demanding process due to large number of possible contingencies that need to be analyzed.  In a power system, any contingency resulting in security violation such as line overload or low voltage may occur for a number of reasons at any time.  To efficiently rank a contingency, both probability and the extent of security violation must be considered so as not to underestimate the risk associated with the contingency. This paper proposed a contingency ranking method that take into account the probabilistic nature of power system and the severity of contingency by using a newly developed method based on risk factor.  The proposed technique is implemented on IEEE 24-bus system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Line%20overload" title="Line overload">Line overload</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low%20voltage" title=" low voltage"> low voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=probability" title=" probability"> probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=risk%20factor" title=" risk factor"> risk factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=severity." title=" severity."> severity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/contingency-screening-using-risk-factor-considering-transmission-line-outage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">554</span> Performance of Dual MRC Receiver for M-ary Modulations over Correlated Nakagami-m Fading Channels with Non-identical and Arbitrary Fading Parameter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rupaban%20Subadar">Rupaban Subadar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Performance of a dual maximal ratio combining receiver has been analyzed for M-ary coherent and non-coherent modulations over correlated Nakagami-m fading channels with nonidentical and arbitrary fading parameter. The classical probability density function (PDF) based approach is used for analysis. Expressions for outage probability and average symbol error performance for M-ary coherent and non-coherent modulations have been obtained. The obtained results are verified against the special case published results and found to be matching. The effect of the unequal fading parameters, branch correlation and unequal input average SNR on the receiver performance has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MRC" title="MRC">MRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=correlated%20Nakagami-m%20fading" title=" correlated Nakagami-m fading"> correlated Nakagami-m fading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-identicalfading%20statistics" title=" non-identicalfading statistics"> non-identicalfading statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=average%20symbol%20error%20rate" title=" average symbol error rate"> average symbol error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/performance-of-dual-mrc-receiver-for-m-ary-modulations-over-correlated-nakagami-m-fading-channels-with-non-identical-and-arbitrary-fading-parameter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">553</span> Performance Analysis of Multiuser Diversity in Multiuser Two-Hop Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Multi-Relay Wireless Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mamoun%20F.%20Al-Mistarihi">Mamoun F. Al-Mistarihi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rami%20Mohaisen"> Rami Mohaisen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cooperative diversity (CD) has been adopted in many communication systems because it helps in improving performance of the wireless communication systems with the help of the relays that emulate the multiple antenna terminals. This work aims to provide the derivation of the performance analysis expressions of the multiuser diversity (MUD) in the two-hop cooperative multi-relay wireless networks (TCMRNs). Considering the work analysis, we provide analytically the derivation of a closed form expression of the two most commonly used performance metrics namely, the outage probability and the symbol error probability (SEP) for the fixed decode-and-forward (FDF) protocol with MUD.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cooperative%20diversity%20%28CD%29" title="Cooperative diversity (CD)">Cooperative diversity (CD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fixed%20decode-andforward%28FDF%29" title=" fixed decode-andforward(FDF)"> fixed decode-andforward(FDF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiuser%20diversity%20%28MUD%29" title=" multiuser diversity (MUD) "> multiuser diversity (MUD) </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two%20-%20hop%0D%0Acooperative%20multi-relay%20wireless%20networks%20%28TCMRN%29." title="two - hop cooperative multi-relay wireless networks (TCMRN).">two - hop cooperative multi-relay wireless networks (TCMRN).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/performance-analysis-of-multiuser-diversity-in-multiuser-two-hop-decode-and-forward-cooperative-multi-relay-wireless-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">552</span> Reliability Assessment of Bangladesh Power System Using Recursive Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nahid-Al-Masood">Nahid-Al-Masood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jubaer%20Ahmed"> Jubaer Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amina%20Hasan%20Abedin"> Amina Hasan Abedin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20R.%20Deeba"> S. R. Deeba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faeza%20Hafiz"> Faeza Hafiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmuda%20Begum"> Mahmuda Begum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>An electric utility-s main concern is to plan, design, operate and maintain its power supply to provide an acceptable level of reliability to its users. This clearly requires that standards of reliability be specified and used in all three sectors of the power system, i.e., generation, transmission and distribution. That is why reliability of a power system is always a major concern to power system planners. This paper presents the reliability analysis of Bangladesh Power System (BPS). Reliability index, loss of load probability (LOLP) of BPS is evaluated using recursive algorithm and considering no de-rated states of generators. BPS has sixty one generators and a total installed capacity of 5275 MW. The maximum demand of BPS is about 5000 MW. The relevant data of the generators and hourly load profiles are collected from the National Load Dispatch Center (NLDC) of Bangladesh and reliability index 'LOLP' is assessed for the period of last ten years.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Recursive%20algorithm" title="Recursive algorithm">Recursive algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LOLP" title=" LOLP"> LOLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=forced%20outage%20rate" title=" forced outage rate"> forced outage rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cumulative%20probability." title=" cumulative probability."> cumulative probability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/reliability-assessment-of-bangladesh-power-system-using-recursive-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">551</span> Comparison of Frequency Converter Outages: A Case Study on the Swedish TPS System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20A.%20Mahmood">Y. A. Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ahmadi"> A. Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Karim"> R. Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=U.%20Kumar"> U. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.K.%20Verma"> A.K. Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Fransson"> N. Fransson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this paper isunavailability of the two main types of conveSwedish traction power supply (TPS) system, i.e.static converter. The number of outages and the ouused to analyze and compare the unavailability oconverters. The mean cumulative function (MCF)analyze the number of outages and the unavailabthe forced outage rate (FOR) concept has been uoutage rates. The study shows that the outagesfailure occur at a constant rate by calendar timconverter stations, while very few stations havedecreasing rate. It has also been found that the stata higher number of outages and a higher outage ratcompared to the rotary converter types. The resultsthat combining the number of outages and the fgives a better view of the converters performasupport for the maintenance decision. In fact, usingdoes not reflect reality. Comparing these two indein identifying the areas where extra resources are maintenance planning and where improvementsoutage in the TPS system.KeywordsFrequency Converter, Forced OuCumulative Function, Traction Power Supply, ESystems.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frequency%20Converter" title="Frequency Converter">Frequency Converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Forced%20Outage%20Rate" title=" Forced Outage Rate"> Forced Outage Rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mean%20Cumulative%20Function" title=" Mean Cumulative Function"> Mean Cumulative Function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Traction%20Power%20Supply" title=" Traction Power Supply"> Traction Power Supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electrified%20Railway%20Systems." title=" Electrified Railway Systems."> Electrified Railway Systems.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/comparison-of-frequency-converter-outages-a-case-study-on-the-swedish-tps-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">550</span> Evaluation of Optimal Transfer Capability in Power System Interconnection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jin-O%20Kim">Jin-O Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyun-Il%20Son"> Hyun-Il Son</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>As the electrical power industry is restructured, the electrical power exchange is becoming extended. One of the key information used to determine how much power can be transferred through the network is known as available transfer capability (ATC). To calculate ATC, traditional deterministic approach is based on the severest case, but the approach has the complexity of procedure. Therefore, novel approach for ATC calculation is proposed using cost-optimization method in this paper, and is compared with well-being method and risk-benefit method. This paper proposes the optimal transfer capability of HVDC system between mainland and a separated island in Korea through these three methods. These methods will consider production cost, wheeling charge through HVDC system and outage cost with one depth (N-1 contingency)</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ATC" title="ATC">ATC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20system%20interconnection" title=" power system interconnection"> power system interconnection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=well-being%20method" title=" well-being method"> well-being method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cost-optimization%20method" title=" cost-optimization method"> cost-optimization method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=risk-benefit%20analysis" title=" risk-benefit analysis"> risk-benefit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=outage%20cost." title=" outage cost."> outage cost.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/evaluation-of-optimal-transfer-capability-in-power-system-interconnection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">549</span> The Possibility-Probability Relationship for Bloodstream Concentrations of Physiologically Active Substances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arkady%20Bolotin">Arkady Bolotin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> If a possibility distribution and a probability distribution are describing values x of one and the same system or process x(t), can they relate to each other? Though in general the possibility and probability distributions might be not connected at all, we can assume that in some particular cases there is an association linked them. In the presented paper, we consider distributions of bloodstream concentrations of physiologically active substances and propose that the probability to observe a concentration x of a substance X can be produced from the possibility of the event X = x . The proposed assumptions and resulted theoretical distributions are tested against the data obtained from various panel studies of the bloodstream concentrations of the different physiologically active substances in patients and healthy adults as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Possibility%20distributions" title="Possibility distributions">Possibility distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=possibility-probability%20relationship." title=" possibility-probability relationship."> possibility-probability relationship.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/the-possibility-probability-relationship-for-bloodstream-concentrations-of-physiologically-active-substances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">548</span> An Overview of Handoff Techniques in Cellular Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nas%C4%B1f%20Ekiz">Nasıf Ekiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tara%20Salih"> Tara Salih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sibel%20K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk%C3%B6ner"> Sibel Küçüköner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kemal%20Fidanboylu"> Kemal Fidanboylu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Continuation of an active call is one of the most important quality measurements in the cellular systems. Handoff process enables a cellular system to provide such a facility by transferring an active call from one cell to another. Different approaches are proposed and applied in order to achieve better handoff service. The principal parameters used to evaluate handoff techniques are: forced termination probability and call blocking probability. The mechanisms such as guard channels and queuing handoff calls decrease the forced termination probability while increasing the call blocking probability. In this paper we present an overview about the issues related to handoff initiation and decision and discuss about different types of handoff techniques available in the literature.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handoff" title="Handoff">Handoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Forced%20Termination%20Probability" title=" Forced Termination Probability"> Forced Termination Probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Blocking%20probability" title=" Blocking probability"> Blocking probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handoff%20Initiation" title=" Handoff Initiation"> Handoff Initiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handoff%20Decision" title=" Handoff Decision"> Handoff Decision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handoff%20Prioritization%20Schemes." title=" Handoff Prioritization Schemes."> Handoff Prioritization Schemes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/an-overview-of-handoff-techniques-in-cellular-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">547</span> Computation of Probability Coefficients using Binary Decision Diagram and their Application in Test Vector Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashutosh%20Kumar%20Singh">Ashutosh Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anand%20Mohan"> Anand Mohan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with efficient computation of probability coefficients which offers computational simplicity as compared to spectral coefficients. It eliminates the need of inner product evaluations in determination of signature of a combinational circuit realizing given Boolean function. The method for computation of probability coefficients using transform matrix, fast transform method and using BDD is given. Theoretical relations for achievable computational advantage in terms of required additions in computing all 2n probability coefficients of n variable function have been developed. It is shown that for n ≥ 5, only 50% additions are needed to compute all probability coefficients as compared to spectral coefficients. The fault detection techniques based on spectral signature can be used with probability signature also to offer computational advantage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binary%20Decision%20Diagrams" title="Binary Decision Diagrams">Binary Decision Diagrams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20Coefficients" title=" Spectral Coefficients"> Spectral Coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fault%20detection" title=" Fault detection"> Fault detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/computation-of-probability-coefficients-using-binary-decision-diagram-and-their-application-in-test-vector-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">546</span> Determination of Sensitive Transmission Lines Due to the Effect of Protection System Hidden Failure in a Critical System Cascading Collapse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20A.%20Salim">N. A. Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20M.%20Othman"> M. M. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Musirin"> I. Musirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20S.%20Serwan"> M. S. Serwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Protection system hidden failures have been identified as one of the main causes of system cascading collapse resulting to power system instability. In this paper, a systematic approach is presented in order to identify the probability of a system cascading collapse by taking into consideration the effect of protection system hidden failure. This includes the accurate calculation of the probability of hidden failure as it will provide significant impinge on the findings of the probability of system cascading collapse. The probability of a system cascading collapse is then used to identify the initial tripping of sensitive transmission lines which will contribute to a critical system cascading collapse. Based on the results obtained from this study, it is important to decide on the accurate value of the hidden failure probability as it will affect the probability of a system cascading collapse.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Critical%20system%20cascading%20collapse" title="Critical system cascading collapse">Critical system cascading collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hidden%20failure" title=" hidden failure"> hidden failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=probability%20of%20cascading%20collapse" title=" probability of cascading collapse"> probability of cascading collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sensitive%20transmission%20lines." title=" sensitive transmission lines."> sensitive transmission lines.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/determination-of-sensitive-transmission-lines-due-to-the-effect-of-protection-system-hidden-failure-in-a-critical-system-cascading-collapse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1785</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">545</span> An Approaching Index to Evaluate a forward Collision Probability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yuan-Lin%20Chen">Yuan-Lin Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents an approaching forward collision probability index (AFCPI) for alerting and assisting driver in keeping safety distance to avoid the forward collision accident in highway driving. The time to collision (TTC) and time headway (TH) are used to evaluate the TTC forward collision probability index (TFCPI) and the TH forward collision probability index (HFCPI), respectively. The Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithm is presented combining TFCPI and HFCPI to calculate the approaching collision probability index of the vehicle. The AFCPI is easier to understand for the driver who did not even have any professional knowledge in vehicle professional field. At the same time, the driver’s behavior is taken into account for suiting each driver. For the approaching index, the value 0 is indicating the 0% probability of forward collision, and the values 0.5 and 1 are indicating the 50% and 100% probabilities of forward collision, respectively. The AFCPI is useful and easy-to-understand for alerting driver to avoid the forward collision accidents when driving in highway.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Approaching%20index" title="Approaching index">Approaching index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=forward%20collision%20probability" title=" forward collision probability"> forward collision probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20to%20collision" title=" time to collision"> time to collision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20headway." title=" time headway."> time headway.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/an-approaching-index-to-evaluate-a-forward-collision-probability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">544</span> Ruin Probability for a Markovian Risk Model with Two-type Claims</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dongdong%20Zhang">Dongdong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Deran%20Zhang"> Deran Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a Markovian risk model with two-type claims is considered. In such a risk model, the occurrences of the two type claims are described by two point processes {Ni(t), t ¸ 0}, i = 1, 2, where {Ni(t), t ¸ 0} is the number of jumps during the interval (0, t] for the Markov jump process {Xi(t), t ¸ 0} . The ruin probability ª(u) of a company facing such a risk model is mainly discussed. An integral equation satisfied by the ruin probability ª(u) is obtained and the bounds for the convergence rate of the ruin probability ª(u) are given by using key-renewal theorem.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Risk%20model" title="Risk model">Risk model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ruin%20probability" title=" ruin probability"> ruin probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Markov%20jump%20process" title=" Markov jump process"> Markov jump process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integral%20equation." title=" integral equation."> integral equation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/ruin-probability-for-a-markovian-risk-model-with-two-type-claims" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">543</span> Application of Adaptive Genetic Algorithm in Function Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Panpan%20Xu">Panpan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shulin%20Sui"> Shulin Sui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The crossover probability and mutation probability are the two important factors in genetic algorithm. The adaptive genetic algorithm can improve the convergence performance of genetic algorithm, in which the crossover probability and mutation probability are adaptively designed with the changes of fitness value. We apply adaptive genetic algorithm into a function optimization problem. The numerical experiment represents that adaptive genetic algorithm improves the convergence speed and avoids local convergence.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20algorithm" title="Genetic algorithm">Genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20genetic%20algorithm" title=" Adaptive genetic algorithm"> Adaptive genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Function%20optimization." title=" Function optimization."> Function optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/application-of-adaptive-genetic-algorithm-in-function-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1723</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">542</span> Determination of the Best Fit Probability Distribution for Annual Rainfall in Karkheh River at Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Karim%20Hamidi%20Machekposhti">Karim Hamidi Machekposhti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossein%20Sedghi"> Hossein Sedghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study was designed to find the best-fit probability distribution of annual rainfall based on 50 years sample (1966-2015) in the Karkheh river basin at Iran using six probability distributions: Normal, 2-Parameter Log Normal, 3-Parameter Log Normal, Pearson Type 3, Log Pearson Type 3 and Gumbel distribution. The best fit probability distribution was selected using Stormwater Management and Design Aid (SMADA) software and based on the Residual Sum of Squares (R.S.S) between observed and estimated values Based on the R.S.S values of fit tests, the Log Pearson Type 3 and then Pearson Type 3 distributions were found to be the best-fit probability distribution at the Jelogir Majin and Pole Zal rainfall gauging station. The annual values of expected rainfall were calculated using the best fit probability distributions and can be used by hydrologists and design engineers in future research at studied region and other region in the world.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Log%20Pearson%20Type%203" title="Log Pearson Type 3">Log Pearson Type 3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SMADA" title=" SMADA"> SMADA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Karkheh%20River." title=" Karkheh River."> Karkheh River.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/determination-of-the-best-fit-probability-distribution-for-annual-rainfall-in-karkheh-river-at-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">754</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">541</span> A Case Study on the Numerical-Probability Approach for Deep Excavation Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Komeil%20Valipourian">Komeil Valipourian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Urban advances and the growing need for developing infrastructures has increased the importance of deep excavations. In this study, after the introducing probability analysis as an important issue, an attempt has been made to apply it for the deep excavation project of Bangkok’s Metro as a case study. For this, the numerical probability model has been developed based on the Finite Difference Method and Monte Carlo sampling approach. The results indicate that disregarding the issue of probability in this project will result in an inappropriate design of the retaining structure. Therefore, probabilistic redesign of the support is proposed and carried out as one of the applications of probability analysis. A 50% reduction in the flexural strength of the structure increases the failure probability just by 8% in the allowable range and helps improve economic conditions, while maintaining mechanical efficiency. With regard to the lack of efficient design in most deep excavations, by considering geometrical and geotechnical variability, an attempt was made to develop an optimum practical design standard for deep excavations based on failure probability. On this basis, a practical relationship is presented for estimating the maximum allowable horizontal displacement, which can help improve design conditions without developing the probability analysis.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Numerical%20probability%20modeling" title="Numerical probability modeling">Numerical probability modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=deep%20excavation" title=" deep excavation"> deep excavation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=allowable%20maximum%20displacement" title=" allowable maximum displacement"> allowable maximum displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20difference%20method" title=" finite difference method"> finite difference method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FDM." title=" FDM."> FDM.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/a-case-study-on-the-numerical-probability-approach-for-deep-excavation-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">692</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">540</span> Probability of Globality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eva%20Eggeling">Eva Eggeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dieter%20W.%20Fellner"> Dieter W. Fellner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Torsten%20Ullrich"> Torsten Ullrich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of global optimization is to find the globally best solution of a model. Nonlinear models are ubiquitous in many applications and their solution often requires a global search approach; i.e. for a function f from a set A ⊂ Rn to the real numbers, an element x0 ∈ A is sought-after, such that ∀ x ∈ A : f(x0) ≤ f(x). Depending on the field of application, the question whether a found solution x0 is not only a local minimum but a global one is very important. This article presents a probabilistic approach to determine the probability of a solution being a global minimum. The approach is independent of the used global search method and only requires a limited, convex parameter domain A as well as a Lipschitz continuous function f whose Lipschitz constant is not needed to be known. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=global%20optimization" title="global optimization">global optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=probability%20theory" title=" probability theory"> probability theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=probability%20of%0Aglobality" title=" probability of globality"> probability of globality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/probability-of-globality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">539</span> Relative Navigation with Laser-Based Intermittent Measurement for Formation Flying Satellites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jongwoo%20Lee">Jongwoo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dae-Eun%20Kang"> Dae-Eun Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sang-Young%20Park"> Sang-Young Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study presents a precise relative navigational method for satellites flying in formation using laser-based intermittent measurement data. The measurement data for the relative navigation between two satellites consist of a relative distance measured by a laser instrument and relative attitude angles measured by attitude determination. The relative navigation solutions are estimated by both the Extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The solutions estimated by the EKF may become inaccurate or even diverge as measurement outage time gets longer because the EKF utilizes a linearization approach. However, this study shows that the UKF with the appropriate scaling parameters provides a stable and accurate relative navigation solutions despite the long measurement outage time and large initial error as compared to the relative navigation solutions of the EKF. Various navigation results have been analyzed by adjusting the scaling parameters of the UKF.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Satellite%20relative%20navigation" title="Satellite relative navigation">Satellite relative navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=laser-based%20measurement" title=" laser-based measurement"> laser-based measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intermittent%20measurement" title=" intermittent measurement"> intermittent measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unscented%20kalman%20filter." title=" unscented kalman filter. "> unscented kalman filter. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/relative-navigation-with-laser-based-intermittent-measurement-for-formation-flying-satellites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">538</span> Approximation for Average Error Probability of BPSK in the Presence of Phase Error</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yeonsoo%20Jang">Yeonsoo Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dongweon%20Yoon"> Dongweon Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ki%20Ho%20Kwon"> Ki Ho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jaeyoon%20Lee"> Jaeyoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wooju%20Lee"> Wooju Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phase error in communications systems degrades error performance. In this paper, we present a simple approximation for the average error probability of the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) in the presence of phase error having a uniform distribution on arbitrary intervals. For the simple approximation, we use symmetry and periodicity of a sinusoidal function. Approximate result for the average error probability is derived, and the performance is verified through comparison with simulation result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Average%20error%20probability" title="Average error probability">Average error probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%20shift%20keying" title=" Phase shift keying"> Phase shift keying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%0Aerror" title=" Phase error"> Phase error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14794/approximation-for-average-error-probability-of-bpsk-in-the-presence-of-phase-error" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14794/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14794/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a 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