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</li> <li id="toc-Slanderous_criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slanderous_criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Slanderous criticisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slanderous_criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-No_one_is_righteous_(verses_9–20)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#No_one_is_righteous_(verses_9–20)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>No one is righteous (verses 9–20)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-No_one_is_righteous_(verses_9–20)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_revelation_of_God's_righteousness_(verses_21–26)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_revelation_of_God's_righteousness_(verses_21–26)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The revelation of God's righteousness (verses 21–26)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_revelation_of_God's_righteousness_(verses_21–26)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The revelation of God's righteousness (verses 21–26) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_revelation_of_God's_righteousness_(verses_21–26)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verse_23" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_23"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Verse 23</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_23-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verse_25" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_25"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Verse 25</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_25-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justification_by_faith_–_a_conclusion_(verses_27–31)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justification_by_faith_–_a_conclusion_(verses_27–31)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Justification by faith – a conclusion (verses 27–31)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Justification_by_faith_–_a_conclusion_(verses_27–31)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Justification by faith – a conclusion (verses 27–31) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Justification_by_faith_–_a_conclusion_(verses_27–31)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verse_28" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_28"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Verse 28</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_28-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verse_29" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_29"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Verse 29</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_29-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3:28&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans 3:28">Romans 3:28</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chapter of the New Testament</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Romans 3</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="/wiki/Romans_2" title="Romans 2">chapter 2</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Romans_4" title="Romans 4">chapter 4</a> →</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papyrus_40,_Fr._c_-_h.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Papyrus_40%2C_Fr._c_-_h.jpeg/250px-Papyrus_40%2C_Fr._c_-_h.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Papyrus_40%2C_Fr._c_-_h.jpeg/375px-Papyrus_40%2C_Fr._c_-_h.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Papyrus_40%2C_Fr._c_-_h.jpeg/500px-Papyrus_40%2C_Fr._c_-_h.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1369" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fragment c to h containing parts of the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_40" title="Papyrus 40">Papyrus 40</a>, written <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> AD 250</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christian Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Christian part</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Romans 3</b> is the third <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. It was composed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>, while he was in <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> in the mid-50s AD,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071084_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20071084-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the help of an <a href="/wiki/Amanuensis" title="Amanuensis">amanuensis</a> (secretary), <a href="/wiki/Tertius_of_Iconium" title="Tertius of Iconium">Tertius</a>, who added his own greeting in <a href="/wiki/Romans_16:22" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans 16:22">Romans 16:22</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this chapter, Paul asks a series of <a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_question" title="Rhetorical question">rhetorical questions</a> in order to develop his theological message,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and quotes extensively from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theologian <a href="/wiki/Albert_Barnes_(theologian)" title="Albert Barnes (theologian)">Albert Barnes</a> suggests that "the design of the first part of this chapter is to answer some of the objections which might be offered by a <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jew</a> to the statements in the <a href="/wiki/Romans_2" title="Romans 2">last chapter</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-barnes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original text was written in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>. This chapter is <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">divided into</a> 31 verses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_witnesses">Textual witnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some early <a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript#New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Biblical manuscript">manuscripts</a> containing the text of this chapter are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_40" title="Papyrus 40">Papyrus 40</a> (~AD 250; extant verses 21–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a> (325–350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> (330–360)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (400–440)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus" title="Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</a> (~450; extant verses 22–31)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Testament_references">Old Testament references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Old Testament references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Romans 3:4 references <a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">Psalm 51</a>:4<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901839_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901839-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Romans 3:10–12 references <a href="/wiki/Psalm_14" title="Psalm 14">Psalm 14</a>:1–3,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Psalm_53" title="Psalm 53">Psalm 53</a>:1–3<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901839_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901839-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes_7" title="Ecclesiastes 7">Ecclesiastes 7</a>:20</li> <li>Romans 3:13 references <a href="/wiki/Psalm_5" title="Psalm 5">Psalm 5</a>:9<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Psalm_140" title="Psalm 140">Psalm 140</a>:3<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Romans 3:14 references <a href="/wiki/Psalm_10" title="Psalm 10">Psalm 10</a>:7<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Romans 3:17 references <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_59" title="Isaiah 59">Isaiah 59</a>:7–8</li> <li>Romans 3:18 references <a href="/wiki/Psalm_36" title="Psalm 36">Psalm 36</a>:1<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Romans 3:20 references <a href="/wiki/Psalm_143" title="Psalm 143">Psalm 143</a>:2b<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="God's_righteousness_upheld_(verses_1–7)"><span id="God.27s_righteousness_upheld_.28verses_1.E2.80.937.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="The_oracles_of_God"></span><span class="anchor" id="Verses_1–7"></span>God's righteousness upheld (verses 1–7)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: God's righteousness upheld (verses 1–7)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In verse 2, the chief advantage, or benefit, or responsibility, or superiority<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Jewish people is their possession of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">τα λογια του θεου</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ta logia tou theou</i></span>, 'the very words of God' <a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a>). Traditional translations (the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Bible" title="Geneva Bible">Geneva Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Standard_Version" title="American Standard Version">American Standard Version</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version" title="Revised Standard Version">Revised Standard Version</a>) refer to the "oracles of God". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_1">Verse 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Verse 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Then what advantage has the Jew? Or what is the value of circumcision?<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The first of a Jew's objections is stated here. "A Jew would naturally ask, if the view which the apostle had given were correct, what special benefit could the Jew derive from his religion?" The objection follows from <a href="/wiki/Romans_2#Circumcision" title="Romans 2">Romans 2:26</a>: <i>if a man who is uncircumcised keeps the requirements of the Law, his uncircumcision will be regarded as circumcision.</i><sup id="cite_ref-barnes_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_2">Verse 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Verse 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Much in every way! First of all, the Jews have been entrusted with the very words of God.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Romans 3:2, New International Version<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The Jewish "advantage" (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">το περισσον</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">to perissov</i></span>) is really an act of entrustment. <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformist</a> theologian <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Poole" title="Matthew Poole">Matthew Poole</a> stated that "to the Jews were credited, or given in custody, the Holy Scriptures". <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrdom</a> Paul had witnessed before his <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">conversion</a>, called the scriptures the 'living oracles' (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">λογια ζωντα</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logia zōnta</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Handley_Moule" title="Handley Moule">Handley Moule</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Bible_for_Schools_and_Colleges" title="Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a>, notes that this verse anticipates a more complete summary of the Jewish "advantage" in <a href="/wiki/Romans_9" title="Romans 9">Romans 9</a>:4, where "the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the service of God, and the promises" are listed as the inheritance of the Jewish people.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moule_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moule-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slanderous_criticisms"><span class="anchor" id="Verse_8"></span>Slanderous criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Slanderous criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In verse 8, Paul refers to <a href="/wiki/Slander" class="mw-redirect" title="Slander">slanderous</a> accusations made by "some people",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that believers say "Let's do evil that good may result". </p><p>Bishop <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ellicott" title="Charles Ellicott">Charles Ellicott</a> suggests that these accusers might have been the Jews or "the <a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizing party</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barnes says it is "doubtless" that they were Jews;<sup id="cite_ref-barnes_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moule argues that they were Paul's "inveterate adversaries in the Church".<sup id="cite_ref-moule_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moule-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="No_one_is_righteous_(verses_9–20)"><span id="No_one_is_righteous_.28verses_9.E2.80.9320.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Verses_9–20"></span>No one is righteous (verses 9–20)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: No one is righteous (verses 9–20)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul's statement that "both Jews and Greeks are under the power of sin" (verse 9) exposes the impossibility of either Gentile or Jew, unaided by God, being able to become righteous (<i>contra</i> Romans 2:7,13, etc.; consistent with Romans 7:7–24), as supported by a compilation of citations from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> texts) in verses 10–18 describing humanity's utter depravity or incapability of not sinning (Ecclesiastes 7:20; Psalm 5:10; 10:7; 14:1—3; 53:2—4; 36:2; 140:4; Isaiah 59:7—8; Proverbs 1:16).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20071092-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only Christ can break sin's power for Jews as well as for Gentiles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20071092-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_revelation_of_God's_righteousness_(verses_21–26)"><span id="The_revelation_of_God.27s_righteousness_.28verses_21.E2.80.9326.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Verses_21–26"></span>The revelation of God's righteousness (verses 21–26)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The revelation of God's righteousness (verses 21–26)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This section (extending to verse 31) revisits 'the grand theme', "the righteousness of God", which is introduced in the Thanksgiving part of <a href="/wiki/Romans_1" title="Romans 1">chapter 1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20071092-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comprising one paragraph, verses 21–26 is called by Stuhlmacher as "the heart of the letter to the Romans",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stating that "the divine character—faithful, gracious, forgiving, and merciful—has been revealed in <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a>, specifically in <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Jesus">his death</a> as "a sacrifice for sin effective through faith"."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20071092-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With that actions, "altogether apart from human initiative", God has fulfilled "what God always intended to do" ("attested by the law and the prophets") "and so is proved righteous".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20071092-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_23">Verse 23</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verse 23"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Romans 3:23, King James Version<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <ul><li>"Come short" (RSV, NKJV: "fall short) is translated from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ὑστεροῦνται</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G5302">hysterountai</a></span></i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also rendered as 'to be in want/impoverished' (Luke 15:14);<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'to suffer need" (Philippians 4:12);<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'to be destitute' (Hebrews 11:37),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and here in the sense of 'to suffer from defect, to fail to attain'.<sup id="cite_ref-pulpit_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulpit-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_25">Verse 25</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Verse 25"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>whom God set forth as a propitiation by His blood, through faith, to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Romans 3:25, New King James Version<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Propitiation" title="Propitiation">Propitiation</a>" (RSV, NAB: "expiation") is translated from the Greek word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hilasterion</i></span>, which specifically means the lid of the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only other occurrence of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hilasterion</i></span> in the New Testament is in <a href="/wiki/Hebrews_9:5" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrews 9:5">Hebrews 9:5</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/KJV" class="mw-redirect" title="KJV">KJV</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">NKJV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version" title="Revised Standard Version">RSV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_American_Standard_Bible" title="New American Standard Bible">NASB</a> all translate it as '<a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">mercy seat</a>'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Justification_by_faith_–_a_conclusion_(verses_27–31)"><span id="Justification_by_faith_.E2.80.93_a_conclusion_.28verses_27.E2.80.9331.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Verses_27–31"></span>Justification by faith – a conclusion (verses 27–31)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Justification by faith – a conclusion (verses 27–31)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_28">Verse 28</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Verse 28"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Therefore we conclude that a man is <a href="/wiki/Justification_by_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Justification by faith">justified by faith</a> apart from the deeds of the law.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Romans 3:28, New King James Version<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <ul><li>"We conclude" is translated from <span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">λογιζόμεθα</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logizometha</i></span>. The verb <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">logizometha</i></span> is plural:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "we conclude" in the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">New King James Version</a>, "we hold" in the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version" title="Revised Standard Version">Revised Standard Version</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">New Revised Standard Version</a>, "we consider" in the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Bible" title="New American Bible">New American Bible</a>, "as we see it" in the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem_Bible" title="New Jerusalem Bible">New Jerusalem Bible</a>, "we maintain" in the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Standard_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="New American Standard Version">New American Standard Version</a>, "we reason" or "we maintain" in the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Bible_for_Schools_and_Colleges" title="Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">arbitramur</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a>. Anglican bishop <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ellicott" title="Charles Ellicott">Charles Ellicott</a> considers that <i>we conclude</i> "conveys too much the idea of an <a href="/wiki/Inference" title="Inference">inference</a>; the statement is rather made in the form of an assertion, <i>we consider</i> or <i>we hold</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the 18th-century English Baptist theologian <a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)" title="John Gill (theologian)">John Gill</a> treats the phrase as a "conclusion from the premises".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_29">Verse 29</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Verse 29"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Or is <i>He</i> the God of the Jews only? Is <i>He</i> not also the God of the <a href="/wiki/Gentiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiles">Gentiles</a>? Yes, of the Gentiles also.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Romans 3:29<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Romans 3:29 has been interpreted as Paul saying that "God's perfect, ultimate, righteous judgment would carry the same standards for all people".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li>Related <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> parts: <a href="/wiki/Psalm_5" title="Psalm 5">Psalm 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_10" title="Psalm 10">Psalm 10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_14" title="Psalm 14">Psalm 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_36" title="Psalm 36">Psalm 36</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">Psalm 51</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_53" title="Psalm 53">Psalm 53</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_140" title="Psalm 140">Psalm 140</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes_7" title="Ecclesiastes 7">Ecclesiastes 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_59" title="Isaiah 59">Isaiah 59</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are 15 rhetorical questions according to the <a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a> translation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are 9 biblical references: see <a href="#Cross_references">Cross references</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20071084-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071084_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill2007">Hill 2007</a>, p. 1084.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, J. D. G. (1993). "Romans, Letter to the". In Hawthorne, Gerald F. and Martin, Ralph P. (eds.) <i>Dictionary of Paul and His Letters</i>. InterVarsity Press. p. 838. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780830817788" title="Special:BookSources/9780830817788">9780830817788</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2007" class="citation book cs1">Donaldson, Terence L. (2007). "63. Introduction to the Pauline Corpus". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i></a> (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1077. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199277186" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199277186"><bdi>978-0199277186</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=63.+Introduction+to+the+Pauline+Corpus&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pages=1077&rft.edition=first+%28paperback%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0199277186&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Terence+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJdVkgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomans+3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barnes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barnes_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, A. (1834), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/romans/3.htm">Barnes' Notes</a> on Romans 3, accessed 7 September 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901839-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901839_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901839_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirkpatrick1901">Kirkpatrick 1901</a>, p. 839.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/The-Epistle-to-the-Romanes_3_1611/">"Biblical concordances of Romans 4 in the 1611 King James Version"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biblical+concordances+of+Romans+4+in+the+1611+King+James+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingjamesbibleonline.org%2FThe-Epistle-to-the-Romanes_3_1611%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomans+3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirkpatrick1901">Kirkpatrick 1901</a>, p. 838.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirkpatrick1901">Kirkpatrick 1901</a>, p. 840.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/interlinear/">Interlinear Bible</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Romans+3:1">Romans 3:1</a>: <a href="/wiki/English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">English Standard Version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+2:26&version=isv">Romans 2:26</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Version" title="International Standard Version">International Standard Version</a> (ISV)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Romans%203:2">Romans 3:2</a> <a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">NIV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#7:38" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 7:38</a>: KJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+9:4&version=nkjv">Romans 9:4</a>: NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moule-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moule_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moule_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. C. G. Moule, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/romans/3.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a> on Romans 3, accessed on 17 September 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+3:8&version=isv">Romans 3:8</a>: ISV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/romans/3.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers</a> on Romans 3, accessed 17 September 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20071092-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20071092_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill2007">Hill 2007</a>, p. 1092.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuhlmacher, P. (1994), <i>Paul's Letter to the Romans: A Commentary</i>, trans. S. J. Hafemann. Louisville, Ky: Westminster/John Knox. p. 57; <i>apud</i> Hill 2007, p. 1092</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#3:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 3:23</a> <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">KJV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/text/romans/3-23.htm">Greek Text Analysis: Romans 3:23</a>. Biblehub</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#15:14" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 15:14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Philippians#4:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Philippians">Philippians 4:12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#11:37" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 11:37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pulpit-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pulpit_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/romans/3.htm">On "Romans 3".</a> In: <i>The <a href="/wiki/Pulpit_Commentary" title="Pulpit Commentary">Pulpit Commentary</a></i>. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+3:25&version=nkjv">Romans 3:25</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strong's Greek Dictionary G2435</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+3:28&version=nkjv">Romans 3:28</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/logizometha_3049.htm">Englishman's Concordance - λογιζόμεθα</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/romans/3-28.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers</a> on Romans 3, accessed 8 September 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/romans/3.htm">Gill's Exposition</a> on Romans 3, accessed 8 September 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+3:29&version=nkjv">Romans 3:29</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BibleRef.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibleref.com/Romans/3/Romans-3-29.html">What does Romans 3:29 mean?</a>, accessed on 28 September 2024</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2007" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ"><i>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48</i></a> (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195288810" title="Special:BookSources/9780195288810"><bdi>9780195288810</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible+with+the+Apocryphal%2FDeuterocanonical+Books%3A+New+Revised+Standard+Version%2C+Issue+48&rft.edition=Augmented+3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780195288810&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmpMPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomans+3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2007" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Craig C. (2007). "64. Romans". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i></a> (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1083–1108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199277186" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199277186"><bdi>978-0199277186</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=64.+Romans&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pages=1083-1108&rft.edition=first+%28paperback%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0199277186&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Craig+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJdVkgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomans+3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick1901" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kirkpatrick" title="Alexander Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick, A. F.</a> (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC"><i>The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes</i></a>. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Psalms%3A+with+Introduction+and+Notes&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Bible+for+Schools+and+Colleges&rft.pub=At+the+University+Press&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=A.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSLJzlHElr6cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomans+3" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#3:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 3</a> King James Bible - Wikisource</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=6&c=3">English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Romans+3"><i>Online Bible</i> at GospelHall.org</a> (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=52&chapter=3">Multiple bible versions at <i>Bible Gateway</i></a> (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Template:Epistle to the Romans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Template talk:Epistle to the Romans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Epistle to the Romans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Epistle_to_the_Romans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romans_1" title="Romans 1">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_2" title="Romans 2">Two</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_4" title="Romans 4">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_5" title="Romans 5">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_6" title="Romans 6">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_7" title="Romans 7">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_8" title="Romans 8">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_9" title="Romans 9">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_10" title="Romans 10">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_11" title="Romans 11">Eleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_12" title="Romans 12">Twelve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_13" title="Romans 13">Thirteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_14" title="Romans 14">Fourteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_15" title="Romans 15">Fifteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_16" title="Romans 16">Sixteen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampliatus" title="Ampliatus">Ampliatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronicus_of_Pannonia" title="Andronicus of Pannonia">Andronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apelles_of_Heraklion" title="Apelles of Heraklion">Apelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asyncritus_of_Hyrcania" title="Asyncritus of Hyrcania">Asyncritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_of_Corinth" title="Erastus of Corinth">Erastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_of_Ephesus" title="Gaius of Ephesus">Gaius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermas_of_Dalmatia" title="Hermas of Dalmatia">Hermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_of_Thessalonica" title="Jason of Thessalonica">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junia_(New_Testament_person)" title="Junia (New Testament person)">Junias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Cyrene" title="Lucius of Cyrene">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Rome" title="Mary of Rome">Mary of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_of_Athens" title="Narcissus of Athens">Narcissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympas" title="Olympas">Olympas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(biblical_figure)" title="Phoebe (biblical figure)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegon_of_Marathon" title="Phlegon of Marathon">Phlegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartus" title="Quartus">Quartus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_(biblical_figure)" title="Rufus (biblical figure)">Rufus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopater" title="Sopater">Sosipater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertius_of_Iconium" title="Tertius of Iconium">Tertius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryphena_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Tryphena of Rome">Tryphena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_10" title="Papyrus 10">Papyrus 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_26" title="Papyrus 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_27" title="Papyrus 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_31" title="Papyrus 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_40" title="Papyrus 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_46" title="Papyrus 46">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_61" title="Papyrus 61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_94" title="Papyrus 94">94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_99" title="Papyrus 99">99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_113" title="Papyrus 113">113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_118" title="Papyrus 118">118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0172" title="Uncial 0172">Uncial 0172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0219" title="Uncial 0219">0219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0220" title="Uncial 0220">0220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0221" title="Uncial 0221">0221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0311" title="Uncial 0311">0311</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Textual variants in the Epistle to the Romans">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_on_Romans_(Pelagius)" title="Commentary on Romans (Pelagius)">Pelagius' commentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Epistle_to_the_Romans_(Barth_book)" title="The Epistle to the Romans (Barth book)"><i>The Epistle to the Romans</i> (Barth)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Origen_and_the_History_of_Justification" title="Origen and the History of Justification">Origen and the History of Justification</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&oldid=1256190128#Verse_28">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romans_3&oldid=1256190128#Verse_28</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Epistle_to_the_Romans_chapters" title="Category:Epistle to the Romans chapters">Epistle to the Romans chapters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: 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