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(PDF) Archaeology, GIS, and the Time Dimension: an Overview
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="lTX9bt3zYF3IfI54UUe4nSbjhGV9nLTu9oUNUjDlrWpGTVBSrp61-PH4xufipWN-DwYDwSi9eVxagSOighGAPg" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Archaeology, GIS, and the Time Dimension: an Overview" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="1992/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="John Castleford" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/100175594/Archaeology_GIS_and_the_Time_Dimension_an_Overview" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Archaeology, GIS, and the Time Dimension: an Overview" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Geographic information systems (GIS) have considerable potential for extending the study of spatial processes in archaeology. 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However, the present structure of GIS is currently atemporal and consequently only able to deal with spatial phenomena in a" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnCastleford" /> <meta name="description" content="Geographic information systems (GIS) have considerable potential for extending the study of spatial processes in archaeology. However, the present structure of GIS is currently atemporal and consequently only able to deal with spatial phenomena in a" /> <title>(PDF) Archaeology, GIS, and the Time Dimension: an Overview</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/100175594/Archaeology_GIS_and_the_Time_Dimension_an_Overview" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '5e761fc7f2723937bfa23c00d57d97019322a224'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740642965000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740642965000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Geographic information systems (GIS) have considerable potential for extending the study of spatial processes in archaeology. However, the present structure of GIS is currently atemporal and consequently only able to deal with spatial phenomena in a single instant of time. If past events and processes cannot be linked to each other, or to the present, we cannot hope effectively to model trends in the past, nor understand fully the nature of dynamic process. This is a problem which has been recognised within the GIS community and a considerable degree of research is currently being directed toward the operational development of a temporal dimension in GIS (cf. Langran 1989a, 1989b, forthcoming; Barrera \u0026amp;amp;amp; AlTaha 1990; Barerra et al. 1990). Because archaeologists are beginning to make considerable use of GIS (cf. Kvamme 1986a, 1986b, 1989; Peregrine 1988; Wansleeben 1988; Allen et al. 1990), and because archaeologists have a significant interest in cultural change over time, the search...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"John Castleford","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnCastleford"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-04-14","dateModified":"2024-04-29","datePublished":"1992-01-01","headline":"Archaeology, GIS, and the Time Dimension: an 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window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":100175594,"created_at":"2023-04-14T01:53:34.814-07:00","from_world_paper_id":231674551,"updated_at":"2024-08-10T09:28:01.707-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"Geographic information systems (GIS) have considerable potential for extending the study of spatial processes in archaeology. However, the present structure of GIS is currently atemporal and consequently only able to deal with spatial phenomena in a single instant of time. If past events and processes cannot be linked to each other, or to the present, we cannot hope effectively to model trends in the past, nor understand fully the nature of dynamic process. This is a problem which has been recognised within the GIS community and a considerable degree of research is currently being directed toward the operational development of a temporal dimension in GIS (cf. Langran 1989a, 1989b, forthcoming; Barrera \u0026 AlTaha 1990; Barerra et al. 1990). Because archaeologists are beginning to make considerable use of GIS (cf. Kvamme 1986a, 1986b, 1989; Peregrine 1988; Wansleeben 1988; Allen et al. 1990), and because archaeologists have a significant interest in cultural change over time, the search...","publication_date":"1992,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Archaeology, GIS, and the Time Dimension: an Overview","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [114643762]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":101072018,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Archaeology, GIS, and the Time Dimension: an Overview”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/101072018/mini_magick20230414-1-qg3mxz.png?1681462491" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Archaeology, GIS, and the Time Dimension: an Overview</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="114643762" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnCastleford"><img alt="Profile image of John Castleford" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />John Castleford</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1992</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 100175594; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=100175594"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Geographic information systems (GIS) have considerable potential for extending the study of spatial processes in archaeology. However, the present structure of GIS is currently atemporal and consequently only able to deal with spatial phenomena in a single instant of time. If past events and processes cannot be linked to each other, or to the present, we cannot hope effectively to model trends in the past, nor understand fully the nature of dynamic process. This is a problem which has been recognised within the GIS community and a considerable degree of research is currently being directed toward the operational development of a temporal dimension in GIS (cf. Langran 1989a, 1989b, forthcoming; Barrera & AlTaha 1990; Barerra et al. 1990). Because archaeologists are beginning to make considerable use of GIS (cf. Kvamme 1986a, 1986b, 1989; Peregrine 1988; Wansleeben 1988; Allen et al. 1990), and because archaeologists have a significant interest in cultural change over time, the search...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":101072018,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/100175594/Archaeology_GIS_and_the_Time_Dimension_an_Overview"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":101072018,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/100175594/Archaeology_GIS_and_the_Time_Dimension_an_Overview"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="100175594" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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However, GIS models cannot easily accommodate various issues raising from the specifics of archaeological dating. The formation processes and post-depositional transformations that have affected the present nature of the archaeological record must be assessed prior to designing any GIS project in archaeology. This paper highlights some issues emanating from this matter for a GIS user and introduces an approach that may enrich the current spectrum of spatial techniques in archaeology. The traditional intra-site spatial analysis based on the concept of geographical space is complemented with new experiments, where the spatial investigation is understood more broadly. An attempt is made to map a multidimensional formal space in GIS, which has its coordinate system defined by the proncipal component factor analysis conducted on mortuary data. The exposition demonstrates that GIS can successfully model many archaeological phenomena, be they primarily geographic or not. The key idea here is that GIS tools are able to analyze general problems including those not related to geography, on the condition that they can be translated into models of spatial nature (e.g. some formal topological model).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Time as a hidden dimension in archaeological information systems: spatial analysis within and without the geographic framework","attachmentId":710311,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/214532/Time_as_a_hidden_dimension_in_archaeological_information_systems_spatial_analysis_within_and_without_the_geographic_framework","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/214532/Time_as_a_hidden_dimension_in_archaeological_information_systems_spatial_analysis_within_and_without_the_geographic_framework"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="27737326" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27737326/18_Theory_Technology_and_the_Future_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_in_Archaeology">18 Theory Technology and the Future of Geographic Information Systems in Archaeology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44382697" href="https://usf.academia.edu/HerbertMaschner">Herbert Maschner</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"18 Theory Technology and the Future of Geographic Information Systems in Archaeology","attachmentId":48006486,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27737326/18_Theory_Technology_and_the_Future_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_in_Archaeology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27737326/18_Theory_Technology_and_the_Future_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_in_Archaeology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="14831617" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14831617/Geographical_Information_Systems_and_landscape_archaeology">Geographical Information Systems and landscape archaeology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33715126" href="https://trentu.academia.edu/JamesConolly">James Conolly</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In B. David and J. Thomas (eds.) Handbook of Landscape Archaeology. World Archaeological Congress (WAC) Research Handbook Series. Left Coast Press. pp. 583-595, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Geographical Information Systems and landscape archaeology","attachmentId":38437736,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14831617/Geographical_Information_Systems_and_landscape_archaeology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14831617/Geographical_Information_Systems_and_landscape_archaeology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="203042" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/203042/Trends_and_Problems_in_Archaeological_GIS_Applications">Trends and Problems in Archaeological GIS Applications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98987" href="https://upatras.academia.edu/MarkosKatsianis">Markos Katsianis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract: Archaeology counts two decades of GIS applications. In terms of theory and practice it is time to evaluate GIS methods and explore ideas about future advancements. Two distinct research trends have been developed in Archaeology until now: landscape studies and intra-site applications. Each field still bears unresolved problems. In this paper we attempt a description of the major problems within these fields from an archaeological viewpoint and try to categorize them under three important notions that in our view should become of central focus in future research: Ontology, Visualization and Time. Key-Words: GIS applications, Archaeology, Intra-site, Landscape, Ontology, Visualization, Time</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trends and Problems in Archaeological GIS Applications","attachmentId":590238,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/203042/Trends_and_Problems_in_Archaeological_GIS_Applications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/203042/Trends_and_Problems_in_Archaeological_GIS_Applications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="376168" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/376168/Time_geography_GIS_and_archaeology">Time geography, GIS and archaeology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5518" href="https://uni-aas.academia.edu/DimitrijMlekuz">Dimitrij Mlekuz Vrhovnik</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Fusion of Cultures, Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, Granada, Spain, April 2010, F. Contreras, M Farjas and F. J. Melero (eds.) BAR International Series 2494, 2013, p. 359-366, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We argue that time geography can offer conceptual and methodological framework for conducting accessibility constraint analyses that can be implemented within GIS. We present the use of cost-surfaces to implement the time geo- graphical concepts, especially the time-space prism and its derivates, cumulative potential path areas and potential path fields. The tools should not be understood as mere descriptive devices, but means for deeper understanding of social processes in a material world.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Time geography, GIS and archaeology","attachmentId":1857074,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/376168/Time_geography_GIS_and_archaeology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/376168/Time_geography_GIS_and_archaeology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="98015018" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98015018/Mapping_the_Past_Plotting_the_Future_GIS_in_Archaeology_Programme_and_book_of_abstracts">Mapping the Past, Plotting the Future. GIS in Archaeology, Programme and book of abstracts</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="503291" href="https://athena-innovation.academia.edu/VasilisEvangelidis">Vassilis Evangelidis</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="660501" href="https://athena-innovation.academia.edu/DespoinaTsiafakis">Despoina Tsiafakis</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12920748" href="https://athena-innovation.academia.edu/MelpomeniKarta">Melpomeni Karta</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3208404" href="https://athena-innovation.academia.edu/IoannisMourthos">Ioannis Mourthos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">International Workshop organized by the Athena RC (and hosted by the British School at Athens) on the occasion of the establishment of the Archaeological GIS laboratory, AeGIS Athena at Xanthi (http://aegis.athenarc.gr/). Through selected case studies, each of which makes different use of the dynamic and flexible environment offered by GIS, the meeting aims to address some key issues in GIS application in archaeology. Participants Antoniadis V., Bonnier A., Boyd M.J., Campbell R., Donati J.C., Efkleidou K., Evangelidis V., Giannakoula G., Herbst J., Indjerd H., Karta M., Katevaini A., Katsianis M., Kennedy W., Kopanias K., Lolos Y., Loy M., Malaperdas G., Meyer N., Mourthos Y., Mousouris S., Nenci N., Orengo H., Renfrew C., Sarris A., Tsiafaki D., Tzavella E., Vassiliou A.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mapping the Past, Plotting the Future. GIS in Archaeology, Programme and book of abstracts","attachmentId":100363832,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98015018/Mapping_the_Past_Plotting_the_Future_GIS_in_Archaeology_Programme_and_book_of_abstracts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98015018/Mapping_the_Past_Plotting_the_Future_GIS_in_Archaeology_Programme_and_book_of_abstracts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="115579230" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115579230/Spatial_Technology_and_Archaeology">Spatial Technology and Archaeology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43152565" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WheatleyD">David Wheatley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">(GIS) and related spatial technologies have a new and powerful role to play in archaeological interpretation. Beginning with a conceptual approach to the representation of space adopted by GIS, this book examines spatial databases; the acquisition and compilation of data; the analytical compilation of data; the analytical functionality of GIS; and the creation and utilization of critical foundation data layers such as the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The ways in which GIS can most usefully facilitate archaeological analysis and interpretation are then explored particularly as a tool for the management of archaeological resources. Formal analysis of archaeological material, and the use of trend surface, contouring and interpolation procedures are considered along with predictive modeling analysis of visibility and intervisibility. Finally there is a discussion of leading-edge issues, including three-dimensional GIS, objectoriented GIS, the relationship between GIS and 'Virtual Reality' technologies, and the integration of GIS with distributed systems and the Internet. The approach is light, and technical detail is kept to a minimum, recognizing that most readers are simply interested in using GIS effectively. The text is carefully illustrated with worked case-studies using archaeological data. Spatial Technology and Archaeology provides a single reference source for archaeologists, students, professionals, and academics in archaeology as well as those in anthropology and related disciplines.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Spatial Technology and Archaeology","attachmentId":111945977,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115579230/Spatial_Technology_and_Archaeology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115579230/Spatial_Technology_and_Archaeology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2950857" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2950857/Barcel%C3%B3_J_A_Pallares_M_1998_Beyond_GIS_The_Archaeological_study_of_social_spaces">Barceló, J.A. Pallares,M. 1998 Beyond GIS. The Archaeological study of social spaces</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="957145" href="https://uab.academia.edu/JBARCELO">Joan Anton Barcelo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archeologia e Calcolatori No. 9, 47-80.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Barceló, J.A. Pallares,M. 1998 Beyond GIS. The Archaeological study of social spaces","attachmentId":31017417,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2950857/Barcel%C3%B3_J_A_Pallares_M_1998_Beyond_GIS_The_Archaeological_study_of_social_spaces","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2950857/Barcel%C3%B3_J_A_Pallares_M_1998_Beyond_GIS_The_Archaeological_study_of_social_spaces"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="4691210" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4691210/Laurenza_S_Putzolu_C_Farinetti_E_Re_thinking_landscape_archaeology_and_GIS_analyses_a_different_way_of_dealing_with_archaeological_landscapes_within_GIS">Laurenza S., Putzolu C., Farinetti E., Re-thinking landscape archaeology and GIS analyses: a different way of dealing with archaeological landscapes within GIS.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="414824" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/CristianoPutzolu">Cristiano Putzolu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">in M. Forte (ed.), The Reconstruction of Archaeological Landscapes through Digital Technologies. Proceedings of the 2nd Italy-United States Workshop, Rome, Italy, November 3-5, 2003 Berkeley, USA, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Our paper will start from exploring briefly the situation of GIS applications in the archaeological research fieldwork at the beginning of our century, looking at the capabilities and limits until now reached and discovered and will continue by proposing a new theoretical and practical Object-Oriented relational approach for the study of complex archaeological landscapes. Most of archaeologists have been captured finally by new computing technologies believing stili now that sophistication of powerful and expensive GIS software will be enough for high quality outputs and high levels of interpretation. For us, GIS is a set of techniques that at this stage help archaeologists to visualize and to manage huge amounts of georeferenced data and to execute some basic spatial analyses. Spatial Analysis offers several tools to allow archaeologists to move to more complex explanations. Therefore, the purpose of our paper will be to show how with well defined archaeological problems and starting from a well based theory, we can integrate some already existing tools in a GIS framework, moving in such way from beautiful images to complex analyses. Nowadays, most of GIS based archaeological projects are simple databases with a discrete representation of archaeological data in a 2D static space, with functionalities limited to primitive geometric operations used for the calculation of simple and basic relationships or for execute queries and summary descriptions between points (sites) or lines (ancient roads, streams, etc.) or areas (artifact concentrations) in a space. The result is that we have GIS used for the inputs of a huge quantities of data indiscriminately over a map, producing as final results a lot of maps but a lack of theories or hypotheses about the kind of problems archaeologists need to solve and about the relationships between spatial data.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Laurenza S., Putzolu C., Farinetti E., Re-thinking landscape archaeology and GIS analyses: a different way of dealing with archaeological landscapes within GIS.","attachmentId":32024244,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4691210/Laurenza_S_Putzolu_C_Farinetti_E_Re_thinking_landscape_archaeology_and_GIS_analyses_a_different_way_of_dealing_with_archaeological_landscapes_within_GIS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4691210/Laurenza_S_Putzolu_C_Farinetti_E_Re_thinking_landscape_archaeology_and_GIS_analyses_a_different_way_of_dealing_with_archaeological_landscapes_within_GIS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="23813597" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23813597/Geographic_Information_Systems_in_Archaeological_Research">Geographic Information Systems in Archaeological Research</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34070199" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HerbertMaschner">Herbert Maschner</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Geographic Information Systems in Archaeological Research","attachmentId":44229050,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23813597/Geographic_Information_Systems_in_Archaeological_Research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23813597/Geographic_Information_Systems_in_Archaeological_Research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":101072018,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":101072018,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_101072018" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Gary Lock and Zoran Stančič (Editors), 1995, Taylor and Francis, xv + 392 pp., $99.95</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34070199" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HerbertMaschner">Herbert Maschner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geoarchaeology, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Archaeology and geographical information systems. 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An Intercontinental Approach, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conclusion: The Future Development of Archaeological Spatial Analysis","attachmentId":32042081,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4211034/Conclusion_The_Future_Development_of_Archaeological_Spatial_Analysis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4211034/Conclusion_The_Future_Development_of_Archaeological_Spatial_Analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="8008270" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8008270/Its_about_time_temporality_and_intra_site_GIS">It's about time: temporality and intra-site GIS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8497367" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/ChrisGreen">Chris Green</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">CAA 2008 Proceedings, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"It's about time: temporality and intra-site GIS","attachmentId":34471574,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8008270/Its_about_time_temporality_and_intra_site_GIS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8008270/Its_about_time_temporality_and_intra_site_GIS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="6279962" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6279962/J_W_H_Verhagen_A_G_Posluschny_and_A_Danielisov%C3%A1_eds_2011_Go_your_own_least_cost_path_GIS_and_Archaeological_Interpretation">J.W.H. Verhagen, A.G. Posluschny and A. Danielisová (eds.) 2011. Go your own least cost path. GIS and Archaeological Interpretation.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="244461" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/PhilipVerhagen">Philip Verhagen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="281808" href="https://keltenwelt-glauberg.academia.edu/AxelPosluschny">Axel G Posluschny</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BAR International Series 2284, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"J.W.H. Verhagen, A.G. Posluschny and A. Danielisová (eds.) 2011. Go your own least cost path. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/1812224/GIS_critique_representation_and_beyond_in_Journal_of_Social_Archaeology_2012_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="705835" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/705835/Going_over_old_ground_GIS_archaeological_theory_and_the_act_of_perception">Going over old ground: GIS, archaeological theory and the act of perception</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="521193" href="https://soton.academia.edu/DavidWheatley">David Wheatley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Computing the 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