CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/","20211125034028","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1637811628"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>How Texas’ electric grid regulators are trying to prep for extreme weather | The Texas Tribune</title> <meta charset="utf-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam-cell.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"UgMGVFZADAYCUVBR",licenseKey:"8636ab2091",applicationID:"452513"};window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,e,n){function r(n){if(!e[n]){var i=e[n]={exports:{}};t[n][0].call(i.exports,function(e){var i=t[n][1][e];return r(i||e)},i,i.exports)}return e[n].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var i=0;i<n.length;i++)r(n[i]);return r}({1:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(e){}}var i,o=t("ee"),a=t(28),s={};try{i=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=!0,i.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),i.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&o.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&o.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){r(n.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,e){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r,s){try{p?p-=1:i(s||new UncaughtException(t,e,n),!0)}catch(f){try{o("ierr",[f,c.now(),!0])}catch(d){}}return"function"==typeof u&&u.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,e,n){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=e,this.line=n}function i(t,e){var n=e?null:c.now();o("err",[t,n])}var o=t("handle"),a=t(29),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=t("gos"),u=window.onerror,d=!1,l="nr@seenError";if(!c.disabled){var p=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error}catch(h){"stack"in h&&(t(10),t(9),"addEventListener"in window&&t(6),c.xhrWrappable&&t(11),d=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){d&&(p+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){d&&!n[l]&&(f(n,l,function(){return!0}),this.thrown=!0,i(n))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){d&&!this.thrown&&p>0&&(p-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){o("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})}},{}],3:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("loader");r.disabled||(r.features.ins=!0)},{}],4:[function(t,e,n){function r(){var t=new PerformanceObserver(function(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();s(v,[n])});try{t.observe({entryTypes:["resource"]})}catch(e){}}function i(t){if(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(w)]),window.performance["c"+l])try{window.performance[h](m,i,!1)}catch(t){}else try{window.performance[h]("webkit"+m,i,!1)}catch(t){}}function o(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var a=t("ee"),s=t("handle"),c=t(10),f=t(9),u=t(5),d=t(19),l="learResourceTimings",p="addEventListener",h="removeEventListener",m="resourcetimingbufferfull",v="bstResource",w="resource",g="-start",y="-end",x="fn"+g,b="fn"+y,E="bstTimer",R="pushState",S=t("loader");if(!S.disabled){S.features.stn=!0,t(8),"addEventListener"in window&&t(6);var O=NREUM.o.EV;a.on(x,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof O&&(this.bstStart=S.now())}),a.on(b,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof O&&s("bst",[n,e,this.bstStart,S.now()])}),c.on(x,function(t,e,n){this.bstStart=S.now(),this.bstType=n}),c.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,S.now(),this.bstType])}),f.on(x,function(){this.bstStart=S.now()}),f.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,S.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),a.on(R+g,function(t){this.time=S.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),a.on(R+y,function(t){s("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),u()?(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType("resource")]),r()):p in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+l]?window.performance[p](m,i,d(!1)):window.performance[p]("webkit"+m,i,d(!1))),document[p]("scroll",o,d(!1)),document[p]("keypress",o,d(!1)),document[p]("click",o,d(!1))}}},{}],5:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(){return"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver}},{}],6:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){for(var e=t;e&&!e.hasOwnProperty(u);)e=Object.getPrototypeOf(e);e&&i(e)}function i(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",o)}function o(t,e){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t("wrap-function")(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";e.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(i(window),i(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,e){var n=t[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var r=c(n,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==typeof n.handleEvent)return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)}var e={object:t,"function":n}[typeof n];return e?s(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],7:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){var r=t[e];"function"==typeof r&&(t[e]=function(){var t=o(arguments),e={};i.emit(n+"before-start",[t],e);var a;e[m]&&e[m].dt&&(a=e[m].dt);var s=r.apply(this,t);return i.emit(n+"start",[t,a],s),s.then(function(t){return i.emit(n+"end",[null,t],s),t},function(t){throw i.emit(n+"end",[t],s),t})})}var i=t("ee").get("fetch"),o=t(29),a=t(28);e.exports=i;var s=window,c="fetch-",f=c+"body-",u=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],d=s.Request,l=s.Response,p=s.fetch,h="prototype",m="nr@context";d&&l&&p&&(a(u,function(t,e){r(d[h],e,f),r(l[h],e,f)}),r(s,"fetch",c),i.on(c+"end",function(t,e){var n=this;if(e){var r=e.headers.get("content-length");null!==r&&(n.rxSize=r),i.emit(c+"done",[null,e],n)}else i.emit(c+"done",[t],n)}))},{}],8:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("history"),i=t("wrap-function")(r);e.exports=r;var o=window.history&&window.history.constructor&&window.history.constructor.prototype,a=window.history;o&&o.pushState&&o.replaceState&&(a=o),i.inPlace(a,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],9:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),i=t("wrap-function")(r),o="equestAnimationFrame";e.exports=r,i.inPlace(window,["r"+o,"mozR"+o,"webkitR"+o,"msR"+o],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=i(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],10:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,n)}function i(t,e,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,n)}var o=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t("wrap-function")(o),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";e.exports=o,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),o.on(c+u,r),o.on(s+u,i)},{}],11:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){d.inPlace(e,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function i(){var t=this,e=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!e.resolved&&(e.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function o(t){x.push(t),m&&(E?E.then(a):w?w(a):(R=-R,S.data=R))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<x.length;t++)r([],x[t]);x.length&&(x=[])}function s(t,e){return e}function c(t,e){for(var n in t)e[n]=t[n];return e}t(6);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t("wrap-function")(u),l=t(19),p=NREUM.o,h=p.XHR,m=p.MO,v=p.PR,w=p.SI,g="readystatechange",y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],x=[];e.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var e=new h(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[e],e),e.addEventListener(g,i,l(!1))}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}return e};if(c(h,b),b.prototype=h.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){r(t,e),o(e)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),m){var E=v&&v.resolve();if(!w&&!v){var R=1,S=document.createTextNode(R);new m(a).observe(S,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===g||a()})},{}],12:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(!s(t))return null;var e=window.NREUM;if(!e.loader_config)return null;var n=(e.loader_config.accountID||"").toString()||null,r=(e.loader_config.agentID||"").toString()||null,f=(e.loader_config.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!r)return null;var h=p.generateSpanId(),m=p.generateTraceId(),v=Date.now(),w={spanId:h,traceId:m,timestamp:v};return(t.sameOrigin||c(t)&&l())&&(w.traceContextParentHeader=i(h,m),w.traceContextStateHeader=o(h,v,n,r,f)),(t.sameOrigin&&!u()||!t.sameOrigin&&c(t)&&d())&&(w.newrelicHeader=a(h,m,v,n,r,f)),w}function i(t,e){return"00-"+e+"-"+t+"-01"}function o(t,e,n,r,i){var o=0,a="",s=1,c="",f="";return i+"@nr="+o+"-"+s+"-"+n+"-"+r+"-"+t+"-"+a+"-"+c+"-"+f+"-"+e}function a(t,e,n,r,i,o){var a="btoa"in window&&"function"==typeof window.btoa;if(!a)return null;var s={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:r,ap:i,id:t,tr:e,ti:n}};return o&&r!==o&&(s.d.tk=o),btoa(JSON.stringify(s))}function s(t){return f()&&c(t)}function c(t){var e=!1,n={};if("init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&(n=NREUM.init.distributed_tracing),t.sameOrigin)e=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var r=0;r<n.allowed_origins.length;r++){var i=h(n.allowed_origins[r]);if(t.hostname===i.hostname&&t.protocol===i.protocol&&t.port===i.port){e=!0;break}}return e}function f(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.enabled}function u(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.exclude_newrelic_header}function d(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_newrelic_header!==!1}function l(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}var p=t(25),h=t(14);e.exports={generateTracePayload:r,shouldGenerateTrace:s}},{}],13:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<l;r++)t.removeEventListener(d[r],this.listener,!1);e.aborted||(n.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==e.status&&(e.status=0):o(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,s("xhr",[e,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this))}}function i(t,e){var n=c(e),r=t.params;r.hostname=n.hostname,r.port=n.port,r.protocol=n.protocol,r.host=n.hostname+":"+n.port,r.pathname=n.pathname,t.parsedOrigin=n,t.sameOrigin=n.sameOrigin}function o(t,e){t.params.status=e.status;var n=v(e,t.lastSize);if(n&&(t.metrics.rxSize=n),t.sameOrigin){var r=e.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");r&&(t.params.cat=r.split(", ").pop())}t.loadCaptureCalled=!0}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable&&!a.disabled){var s=t("handle"),c=t(14),f=t(12).generateTracePayload,u=t("ee"),d=["load","error","abort","timeout"],l=d.length,p=t("id"),h=t(20),m=t(18),v=t(15),w=t(19),g=NREUM.o.REQ,y=window.XMLHttpRequest;a.features.xhr=!0,t(11),t(7),u.on("new-xhr",function(t){var e=this;e.totalCbs=0,e.called=0,e.cbTime=0,e.end=r,e.ended=!1,e.xhrGuids={},e.lastSize=null,e.loadCaptureCalled=!1,e.params=this.params||{},e.metrics=this.metrics||{},t.addEventListener("load",function(n){o(e,t)},w(!1)),h&&(h>34||h<10)||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){e.lastSize=t.loaded},w(!1))}),u.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},i(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),u.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,e){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&e.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid);var n=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(n){var r=!1;n.newrelicHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.newrelicHeader),r=!0),n.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("traceparent",n.traceContextParentHeader),n.traceContextStateHeader&&e.setRequestHeader("tracestate",n.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r&&(this.dt=n)}}),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){var n=this.metrics,r=t[0],i=this;if(n&&r){var o=m(r);o&&(n.txSize=o)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"!==t.type||i.loadCaptureCalled||(i.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||i.called===i.totalCbs&&(i.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof e.onload))&&i.end(e)}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<l;s++)e.addEventListener(d[s],this.listener,w(!1))}),u.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,e,n){this.cbTime+=t,e?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof n.onload||this.end(n)}),u.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,e){var n=""+p(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[n]&&(this.xhrGuids[n]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),u.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,e){var n=""+p(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[n]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[n],this.totalCbs-=1)}),u.on("xhr-resolved",function(){this.endTime=a.now()}),u.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof y&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof y&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){e instanceof y&&("onload"===n&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),u.on("fn-end",function(t,e){this.xhrCbStart&&u.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,e],e)}),u.on("fetch-before-start",function(t){function e(t,e){var n=!1;return e.newrelicHeader&&(t.set("newrelic",e.newrelicHeader),n=!0),e.traceContextParentHeader&&(t.set("traceparent",e.traceContextParentHeader),e.traceContextStateHeader&&t.set("tracestate",e.traceContextStateHeader),n=!0),n}var n,r=t[1]||{};"string"==typeof t[0]?n=t[0]:t[0]&&t[0].url?n=t[0].url:window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL&&(n=t[0].href),n&&(this.parsedOrigin=c(n),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if("string"==typeof t[0]||window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL){var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),e(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),t.length>1?t[1]=o:t.push(o)}else t[0]&&t[0].headers&&e(t[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i)}),u.on("fetch-start",function(t,e){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=a.now(),this.dt=e,t.length>=1&&(this.target=t[0]),t.length>=2&&(this.opts=t[1]);var n,r=this.opts||{},o=this.target;"string"==typeof o?n=o:"object"==typeof o&&o instanceof g?n=o.url:window.URL&&"object"==typeof o&&o instanceof URL&&(n=o.href),i(this,n);var s=(""+(o&&o instanceof g&&o.method||r.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=s,this.txSize=m(r.body)||0}),u.on("fetch-done",function(t,e){this.endTime=a.now(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=e?e.status:0;var n;"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var r={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:a.now()-this.startTime};s("xhr",[this.params,r,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this)})}},{}],14:[function(t,e,n){var r={};e.exports=function(t){if(t in r)return r[t];var e=document.createElement("a"),n=window.location,i={};e.href=t,i.port=e.port;var o=e.href.split("://");!i.port&&o[1]&&(i.port=o[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),i.port&&"0"!==i.port||(i.port="https"===o[0]?"443":"80"),i.hostname=e.hostname||n.hostname,i.pathname=e.pathname,i.protocol=o[0],"/"!==i.pathname.charAt(0)&&(i.pathname="/"+i.pathname);var a=!e.protocol||":"===e.protocol||e.protocol===n.protocol,s=e.hostname===document.domain&&e.port===n.port;return i.sameOrigin=a&&(!e.hostname||s),"/"===i.pathname&&(r[t]=i),i}},{}],15:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.responseType;return"json"===n&&null!==e?e:"arraybuffer"===n||"blob"===n||"json"===n?i(t.response):"text"===n||""===n||void 0===n?i(t.responseText):void 0}var i=t(18);e.exports=r},{}],16:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function i(t,e,n,r){return function(){return u.recordSupportability("API/"+e+"/called"),o(t+e,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),n?null:this,r),n?void 0:this}}var o=t("handle"),a=t(28),s=t(29),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=t(21),d=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=d);var l=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],p="api-",h=p+"ixn-";a(l,function(t,e){d[e]=i(p,e,!0,"api")}),d.addPageAction=i(p,"addPageAction",!0),d.setCurrentRouteName=i(p,"routeName",!0),e.exports=newrelic,d.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,e){var n={},r=this,i="function"==typeof e;return o(h+"tracer",[f.now(),t,n],r),function(){if(c.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,i],n),i)try{return e.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],n),t}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],n)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,e){m[e]=i(h,e)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),u.recordSupportability("API/noticeError/called"),o("err",[t,f.now(),!1,e])}},{}],17:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(NREUM.init){for(var e=NREUM.init,n=t.split("."),r=0;r<n.length-1;r++)if(e=e[n[r]],"object"!=typeof e)return;return e=e[n[n.length-1]]}}e.exports={getConfiguration:r}},{}],18:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(e){return}}}},{}],19:[function(t,e,n){var r=!1;try{var i=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){r=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",null,i),window.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,i)}catch(o){}e.exports=function(t){return r?{passive:!0,capture:!!t}:!!t}},{}],20:[function(t,e,n){var r=0,i=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);i&&(r=+i[1]),e.exports=r},{}],21:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[a,t,{name:t},e];return o("storeMetric",n,null,"api"),n}function i(t,e){var n=[s,t,{name:t},e];return o("storeEventMetrics",n,null,"api"),n}var o=t("handle"),a="sm",s="cm";e.exports={constants:{SUPPORTABILITY_METRIC:a,CUSTOM_METRIC:s},recordSupportability:r,recordCustom:i}},{}],22:[function(t,e,n){function r(){return s.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(o=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),o))-a}function i(){return o}var o=(new Date).getTime(),a=o,s=t(30);e.exports=r,e.exports.offset=a,e.exports.getLastTimestamp=i},{}],23:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){return!(!t||!t.protocol||"file:"===t.protocol)}e.exports=r},{}],24:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();n.forEach(function(t){"first-paint"===t.name?l("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&l("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)])})}function i(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var r=n[n.length-1];if(c&&c<r.startTime)return;l("lcp",[r])}}function o(t){t.getEntries().forEach(function(t){t.hadRecentInput||l("cls",[t])})}function a(t){if(t instanceof v&&!g){var e=Math.round(t.timeStamp),n={type:t.type};e<=p.now()?n.fid=p.now()-e:e>p.offset&&e<=Date.now()?(e-=p.offset,n.fid=p.now()-e):e=p.now(),g=!0,l("timing",["fi",e,n])}}function s(t){"hidden"===t&&(c=p.now(),l("pageHide",[c]))}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var c,f,u,d,l=t("handle"),p=t("loader"),h=t(27),m=t(19),v=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){f=new PerformanceObserver(r);try{f.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(w){}u=new PerformanceObserver(i);try{u.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(w){}d=new PerformanceObserver(o);try{d.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(w){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var g=!1,y=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];y.forEach(function(t){document.addEventListener(t,a,m(!1))})}h(s)}},{}],25:[function(t,e,n){function r(){function t(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i,o="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",a="",s=0;s<o.length;s++)i=o[s],"x"===i?a+=t().toString(16):"y"===i?(i=3&t()|8,a+=i.toString(16)):a+=i;return a}function i(){return a(16)}function o(){return a(32)}function a(t){function e(){return n?15&n[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}var n=null,r=0,i=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;i&&i.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(n=i.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o=[],a=0;a<t;a++)o.push(e().toString(16));return o.join("")}e.exports={generateUuid:r,generateSpanId:i,generateTraceId:o}},{}],26:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){if(!i)return!1;if(t!==i)return!1;if(!e)return!0;if(!o)return!1;for(var n=o.split("."),r=e.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==n[a])return!1;return!0}var i=null,o=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var s=navigator.userAgent,c=s.match(a);c&&s.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&s.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(i="Safari",o=c[1])}e.exports={agent:i,version:o,match:r}},{}],27:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){t(s&&document[s]?document[s]:document[o]?"hidden":"visible")}"addEventListener"in document&&a&&document.addEventListener(a,e,i(!1))}var i=t(19);e.exports=r;var o,a,s;"undefined"!=typeof document.hidden?(o="hidden",a="visibilitychange",s="visibilityState"):"undefined"!=typeof document.msHidden?(o="msHidden",a="msvisibilitychange"):"undefined"!=typeof document.webkitHidden&&(o="webkitHidden",a="webkitvisibilitychange",s="webkitVisibilityState")},{}],28:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[],r="",o=0;for(r in t)i.call(t,r)&&(n[o]=e(r,t[r]),o+=1);return n}var i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],29:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){e||(e=0),"undefined"==typeof n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,i=n-e||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++r<i;)o[r]=t[e+r];return o}e.exports=r},{}],30:[function(t,e,n){e.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function i(t){function e(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?f(t,c,a):a()}function n(n,r,i,o,a){if(a!==!1&&(a=!0),!p.aborted||o){t&&a&&t(n,r,i);for(var s=e(i),c=m(n),f=c.length,u=0;u<f;u++)c[u].apply(s,r);var l=d[y[n]];return l&&l.push([x,n,r,s]),s}}function o(t,e){g[t]=m(t).concat(e)}function h(t,e){var n=g[t];if(n)for(var r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]===e&&n.splice(r,1)}function m(t){return g[t]||[]}function v(t){return l[t]=l[t]||i(n)}function w(t,e){p.aborted||u(t,function(t,n){e=e||"feature",y[n]=e,e in d||(d[e]=[])})}var g={},y={},x={on:o,addEventListener:o,removeEventListener:h,emit:n,get:v,listeners:m,context:e,buffer:w,abort:s,aborted:!1};return x}function o(t){return f(t,c,a)}function a(){return new r}function s(){(d.api||d.feature)&&(p.aborted=!0,d=p.backlog={})}var c="nr@context",f=t("gos"),u=t(28),d={},l={},p=e.exports=i();e.exports.getOrSetContext=o,p.backlog=d},{}],gos:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){if(i.call(t,e))return t[e];var r=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(o){}return t[e]=r,r}var i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r){i.buffer([t],r),i.emit(t,e,n)}var i=t("ee").get("handle");e.exports=r,r.ee=i},{}],id:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==e&&"function"!==e?-1:t===window?0:a(t,o,function(){return i++})}var i=1,o="nr@id",a=t("gos");e.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,e,n){function r(){if(!T++){var t=O.info=NREUM.info,e=v.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(f.abort,3e4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&e))return f.abort();c(R,function(e,n){t[e]||(t[e]=n)});var n=a();s("mark",["onload",n+O.offset],null,"api"),s("timing",["load",n]);var r=v.createElement("script");0===t.agent.indexOf("http://")||0===t.agent.indexOf("https://")?r.src=t.agent:r.src=h+"://"+t.agent,e.parentNode.insertBefore(r,e)}}function i(){"complete"===v.readyState&&o()}function o(){s("mark",["domContent",a()+O.offset],null,"api")}var a=t(22),s=t("handle"),c=t(28),f=t("ee"),u=t(26),d=t(23),l=t(17),p=t(19),h=l.getConfiguration("ssl")===!1?"http":"https",m=window,v=m.document,w="addEventListener",g="attachEvent",y=m.XMLHttpRequest,x=y&&y.prototype,b=!d(m.location);NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:m.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:y,REQ:m.Request,EV:m.Event,PR:m.Promise,MO:m.MutationObserver};var E=""+location,R={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1212.min.js"},S=y&&x&&x[w]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),O=e.exports={offset:a.getLastTimestamp(),now:a,origin:E,features:{},xhrWrappable:S,userAgent:u,disabled:b};if(!b){t(16),t(24),v[w]?(v[w]("DOMContentLoaded",o,p(!1)),m[w]("load",r,p(!1))):(v[g]("onreadystatechange",i),m[g]("onload",r)),s("mark",["firstbyte",a.getLastTimestamp()],null,"api");var T=0}},{}],"wrap-function":[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){function n(e,n,r,c,f){function nrWrapper(){var o,a,u,l;try{a=this,o=d(arguments),u="function"==typeof r?r(o,a):r||{}}catch(p){i([p,"",[o,a,c],u],t)}s(n+"start",[o,a,c],u,f);try{return l=e.apply(a,o)}catch(h){throw s(n+"err",[o,a,h],u,f),h}finally{s(n+"end",[o,a,l],u,f)}}return a(e)?e:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[l]=e,o(e,nrWrapper,t),nrWrapper)}function r(t,e,r,i,o){r||(r="");var s,c,f,u="-"===r.charAt(0);for(f=0;f<e.length;f++)c=e[f],s=t[c],a(s)||(t[c]=n(s,u?c+r:r,i,c,o))}function s(n,r,o,a){if(!h||e){var s=h;h=!0;try{t.emit(n,r,o,e,a)}catch(c){i([c,n,r,o],t)}h=s}}return t||(t=u),n.inPlace=r,n.flag=l,n}function i(t,e){e||(e=u);try{e.emit("internal-error",t)}catch(n){}}function o(t,e,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var r=Object.keys(t);return r.forEach(function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,{get:function(){return t[n]},set:function(e){return t[n]=e,e}})}),e}catch(o){i([o],n)}for(var a in t)p.call(t,a)&&(e[a]=t[a]);return e}function a(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&!t[l])}function s(t,e){var n=e(t);return n[l]=t,o(t,n,u),n}function c(t,e,n){var r=t[e];t[e]=s(r,n)}function f(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;++n)e[n]=arguments[n];return e}var u=t("ee"),d=t(29),l="nr@original",p=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,h=!1;e.exports=r,e.exports.wrapFunction=s,e.exports.wrapInPlace=c,e.exports.argsToArray=f},{}]},{},["loader",2,13,4,3]);</script><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam-cell.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam-cell.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"8636ab2091","applicationID":"452513","transactionName":"ZwZWZ0NWD0VRAE1YCV5MckZfVBVfXw0WUgleF1FdRWgMV14CXlQLVQ1AHVBFFV9TD1xCSEYKUURCDTFXVwZ9VBJRClgdVlIV","queueTime":1,"applicationTime":312,"agent":""}</script> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://cdn.texastribune.org/" rel="dns-prefetch"> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://static.texastribune.org/" rel="dns-prefetch"> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.googletagmanager.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.googletagservices.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://ajax.googleapis.com/" rel="dns-prefetch">  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/images/favicon-48x48.7388fd83b75b.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/images/favicon-32x32.ebd14081da36.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/images/favicon-16x16.d0e640fbf205.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/images/apple-touch-icon.358661eab2b3.png"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://schema.org/", "@id": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/", "mainEntityOfPage": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/", "@type": "NewsArticle", "inLanguage": "en_US", "isAccessibleForFree": true, "headline": "How Texas’ electric grid regulators are trying to prep for extreme weather", "alternativeHeadline": "Texas regulators want to prepare the state’s electricity grid for extreme weather. But that’s a moving t...", "description": "The state plans to use past weather data to craft rules for power plant upgrades. Scientists warn that the accelerating effects of climate change make relying on old data alone insufficient.", "datePublished": "2021-08-16T18:59:12+00:00", "dateModified": "2021-08-16T21:50:26.536841+00:00", "author": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Erin Douglas", "jobTitle": "Environment Reporter", "description": "Erin Douglas is the environment reporter for the Texas Tribune. She was previously a business and economy reporter at...", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/staff/erin-douglas/", "affiliation": {"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization", "name": "The Texas Tribune"}}], "articleSection": ["environment"], "image": {"@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/9UMaMHnoSRGczNJaFiJN5AerfHs=/450x300/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg", "width": 450, "height": 300, "caption": "Executive director and Vice President of DMA Properties Sergio Amaya clears the walkways outside of the Rebekah Baines Johnson Center in Austin on Feb. 17, 2021."}, "keywords": ["environment", "state government", "Electric Reliability Council of Texas", "Texas Public Utility Commission", "climate"], "publisher": {"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization", "name": "The Texas Tribune", "publishingPrinciples": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/", "logo": {"@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/static/images/logo.png"}}, "thumbnailUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/9UMaMHnoSRGczNJaFiJN5AerfHs=/450x300/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg", "creator": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Erin Douglas", "jobTitle": "Environment Reporter", "description": "Erin Douglas is the environment reporter for the Texas Tribune. She was previously a business and economy reporter at...", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/staff/erin-douglas/", "affiliation": {"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization", "name": "The Texas Tribune"}}]} </script> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/amp/"> <meta name="copyright" content="© The Texas Tribune"/> <meta name="publisher" content="The Texas Tribune"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="siteinfo" content="http://www.texastribune.org/robots.txt"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/images/apple-touch-icon.358661eab2b3.png"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="3EMut9KLnb_7fohrI_bDaR4py76QIWAt4uPidjagbzI"/> <meta name="y_key" content="36169ff9ee60f3ab"/> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="DB22C31255557D1E219990CA92192CBB"/> <meta name="pocket-site-verification" content="a03da537417a06100ceed0ab61a3d2"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="154122474650943"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Texas Tribune"/> <meta property="fb:pages" content="124434790836"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@TexasTribune"> <meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/"> <meta name="description" content="The state plans to use past weather data to craft rules for power plant upgrades. Scientists warn that the accelerating effects of climate change make relying on old data alone insufficient."> <meta name="keywords" content="texas news, texas politics, texas policy, texas government, environment, state government, Electric Reliability Council of Texas, Texas Public Utility Commission, climate"> <meta name="author" content="Erin Douglas"> <meta property="og:title" content="Texas regulators want to prepare the state’s electricity grid for extreme weather. But that’s a moving target in a warming world."> <meta property="og:description" content="The state plans to use past weather data to craft rules for power plant upgrades. Scientists warn that the accelerating effects of climate change make relying on old data alone insufficient."> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/jdUXhYXUkfxYYiPoQxjfRSZOtuk=/1200x630/filters:quality(95)/static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Executive director and Vice President of DMA Properties Sergio Amaya clears the walkways outside of the Rebekah Baines Johnson Center in Austin on Feb. 17, 2021."> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/texastribune/"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-08-16T18:59:12+00:00"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Texas regulators want to prepare the state’s electricity grid for ext…"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The state plans to use past weather data to craft rules for power plant upgrades. Scientists warn that the accelerating effects of climate change make relying on old data alone insufficient."> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/jdUXhYXUkfxYYiPoQxjfRSZOtuk=/1200x630/filters:quality(95)/static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Executive director and Vice President of DMA Properties Sergio Amaya clears the walkways outside of the Rebekah Baines Johnson Center in Austin on Feb. 17, 2021."> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@erinmdouglas23"> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="By"/> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Erin Douglas"/> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Published on"/> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="Aug. 16, 2021"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20211125034028cs_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/css/chz-story.6bca91a9c7acef3f27ad623bd6223a5a.css"> <script> /** Promises https://github.com/bramstein/fontfaceobserver */ (function(){'use strict';var f,g=[];function l(a){g.push(a);1==g.length&&f()}function m(){for(;g.length;)g[0](),g.shift()}f=function(){setTimeout(m)};function n(a){this.a=p;this.b=void 0;this.f=[];var b=this;try{a(function(a){q(b,a)},function(a){r(b,a)})}catch(c){r(b,c)}}var p=2;function t(a){return new n(function(b,c){c(a)})}function u(a){return new n(function(b){b(a)})}function q(a,b){if(a.a==p){if(b==a)throw new TypeError;var c=!1;try{var d=b&&b.then;if(null!=b&&"object"==typeof b&&"function"==typeof d){d.call(b,function(b){c||q(a,b);c=!0},function(b){c||r(a,b);c=!0});return}}catch(e){c||r(a,e);return}a.a=0;a.b=b;v(a)}} function r(a,b){if(a.a==p){if(b==a)throw new TypeError;a.a=1;a.b=b;v(a)}}function v(a){l(function(){if(a.a!=p)for(;a.f.length;){var b=a.f.shift(),c=b[0],d=b[1],e=b[2],b=b[3];try{0==a.a?"function"==typeof c?e(c.call(void 0,a.b)):e(a.b):1==a.a&&("function"==typeof d?e(d.call(void 0,a.b)):b(a.b))}catch(h){b(h)}}})}n.prototype.g=function(a){return this.c(void 0,a)};n.prototype.c=function(a,b){var c=this;return new n(function(d,e){c.f.push([a,b,d,e]);v(c)})}; function w(a){return new n(function(b,c){function d(c){return function(d){h[c]=d;e+=1;e==a.length&&b(h)}}var e=0,h=[];0==a.length&&b(h);for(var k=0;k<a.length;k+=1)u(a[k]).c(d(k),c)})}function x(a){return new n(function(b,c){for(var d=0;d<a.length;d+=1)u(a[d]).c(b,c)})};window.Promise||(window.Promise=n,window.Promise.resolve=u,window.Promise.reject=t,window.Promise.race=x,window.Promise.all=w,window.Promise.prototype.then=n.prototype.c,window.Promise.prototype["catch"]=n.prototype.g);}()); </script> <script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ contentType: 'article', contentCategory: 'News' }); </script> <script> dataLayer.push({ author: 'Erin Douglas', contentID: '38722', contentSeries: 'None', primaryTags: 'environment', publishDate: '08-16-2021', tags: 'environment,state government,Electric Reliability Council of Texas,Texas Public Utility Commission,climate', title: 'Texas regulators want to prepare the state’s electricity grid for extreme weather. But that’s a moving target in a warming world.' }); </script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P5L2Z5Z');</script> <script> window.ttGlobal = { pageType: 'generic' }; </script> <script> document .documentElement .classList .remove('no-js'); </script> </head> <body class="tt_body storypage"> <a href="#main-tt-content" class="c-button c-button--skip has-bg-teal has-text-white button button--s button--teal">Skip to main content</a> <noscript> <iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P5L2Z5Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <div style="display:none;"> <svg><symbol id="arrow-up" viewbox="0 0 26 28"><path d="M25.172 15.172c0 .531-.219 1.031-.578 1.406l-1.172 1.172c-.375.375-.891.594-1.422.594s-1.047-.219-1.406-.594L16 13.172v11C16 25.297 15.062 26 14 26h-2c-1.062 0-2-.703-2-1.828v-11L5.406 17.75a1.96 1.96 0 01-2.812 0l-1.172-1.172c-.375-.375-.594-.875-.594-1.406s.219-1.047.594-1.422L11.594 3.578C11.953 3.203 12.469 3 13 3s1.047.203 1.422.578L24.594 13.75c.359.375.578.891.578 1.422z"/></symbol><symbol id="bars" viewbox="0 0 24 28"><path d="M24 21v2c0 .547-.453 1-1 1H1c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1v-2c0-.547.453-1 1-1h22c.547 0 1 .453 1 1zm0-8v2c0 .547-.453 1-1 1H1c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1v-2c0-.547.453-1 1-1h22c.547 0 1 .453 1 1zm0-8v2c0 .547-.453 1-1 1H1c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1V5c0-.547.453-1 1-1h22c.547 0 1 .453 1 1z"/></symbol><symbol id="bug" viewbox="0 0 174.9 200"><path d="M0 0v200l40.2-25.1h134.6V0H0zm125.2 139.7l-38.3-25.2-38.3 25.2 12.1-44.2L25 66.8l45.8-2.1L87 21.8l16.2 42.9 45.8 2.1-35.8 28.6 12 44.3z"/></symbol><symbol id="camera" viewbox="0 0 30 28"><path d="M15 10.5c2.484 0 4.5 2.016 4.5 4.5s-2.016 4.5-4.5 4.5-4.5-2.016-4.5-4.5 2.016-4.5 4.5-4.5zM26 4c2.203 0 4 1.797 4 4v14c0 2.203-1.797 4-4 4H4c-2.203 0-4-1.797-4-4V8c0-2.203 1.797-4 4-4h3.5l.797-2.125C8.688.844 9.906 0 11 0h8c1.094 0 2.312.844 2.703 1.875L22.5 4H26zM15 22c3.859 0 7-3.141 7-7s-3.141-7-7-7-7 3.141-7 7 3.141 7 7 7z"/></symbol><symbol id="caret-down" viewbox="0 0 16 28"><path d="M16 11a.99.99 0 01-.297.703l-7 7C8.516 18.89 8.265 19 8 19s-.516-.109-.703-.297l-7-7A.996.996 0 010 11c0-.547.453-1 1-1h14c.547 0 1 .453 1 1z"/></symbol><symbol id="close" viewbox="0 0 22 28"><path d="M20.281 20.656c0 .391-.156.781-.438 1.062l-2.125 2.125c-.281.281-.672.438-1.062.438s-.781-.156-1.062-.438L11 19.249l-4.594 4.594c-.281.281-.672.438-1.062.438s-.781-.156-1.062-.438l-2.125-2.125c-.281-.281-.438-.672-.438-1.062s.156-.781.438-1.062L6.751 15l-4.594-4.594c-.281-.281-.438-.672-.438-1.062s.156-.781.438-1.062l2.125-2.125c.281-.281.672-.438 1.062-.438s.781.156 1.062.438L11 10.751l4.594-4.594c.281-.281.672-.438 1.062-.438s.781.156 1.062.438l2.125 2.125c.281.281.438.672.438 1.062s-.156.781-.438 1.062L15.249 15l4.594 4.594c.281.281.438.672.438 1.062z"/></symbol><symbol id="comments" viewbox="0 0 28 28"><path d="M22 12c0 4.422-4.922 8-11 8-.953 0-1.875-.094-2.75-.25a13.114 13.114 0 01-4.344 2 11.58 11.58 0 01-1.344.25h-.047c-.234 0-.453-.187-.5-.453-.063-.297.141-.484.313-.688.609-.688 1.297-1.297 1.828-2.594C1.625 16.796 0 14.531 0 11.999c0-4.422 4.922-8 11-8s11 3.578 11 8zm6 4c0 2.547-1.625 4.797-4.156 6.266.531 1.297 1.219 1.906 1.828 2.594.172.203.375.391.313.688-.063.281-.297.484-.547.453a11.58 11.58 0 01-1.344-.25 13.114 13.114 0 01-4.344-2c-.875.156-1.797.25-2.75.25-2.828 0-5.422-.781-7.375-2.063a20.4 20.4 0 001.375.063c3.359 0 6.531-.969 8.953-2.719C22.562 17.376 24 14.798 24 12.001c0-.812-.125-1.609-.359-2.375C26.282 11.079 28 13.392 28 16.001z"/></symbol><symbol id="envelope" viewbox="0 0 28 28"><path d="M28 11.094V23.5c0 1.375-1.125 2.5-2.5 2.5h-23A2.507 2.507 0 010 23.5V11.094c.469.516 1 .969 1.578 1.359 2.594 1.766 5.219 3.531 7.766 5.391 1.313.969 2.938 2.156 4.641 2.156h.031c1.703 0 3.328-1.188 4.641-2.156 2.547-1.844 5.172-3.625 7.781-5.391a9.278 9.278 0 001.563-1.359zM28 6.5c0 1.75-1.297 3.328-2.672 4.281-2.438 1.687-4.891 3.375-7.313 5.078-1.016.703-2.734 2.141-4 2.141h-.031c-1.266 0-2.984-1.437-4-2.141-2.422-1.703-4.875-3.391-7.297-5.078-1.109-.75-2.688-2.516-2.688-3.938 0-1.531.828-2.844 2.5-2.844h23c1.359 0 2.5 1.125 2.5 2.5z"/></symbol><symbol id="facebook" viewbox="0 0 16 28"><path d="M14.984.187v4.125h-2.453c-1.922 0-2.281.922-2.281 2.25v2.953h4.578l-.609 4.625H10.25v11.859H5.469V14.14H1.485V9.515h3.984V6.109C5.469 2.156 7.891 0 11.422 0c1.687 0 3.141.125 3.563.187z"/></symbol><symbol id="file-text-o" viewbox="0 0 24 28"><path d="M22.937 5.938c.578.578 1.062 1.734 1.062 2.562v18a1.5 1.5 0 01-1.5 1.5h-21a1.5 1.5 0 01-1.5-1.5v-25a1.5 1.5 0 011.5-1.5h14c.828 0 1.984.484 2.562 1.062zM16 2.125V8h5.875c-.094-.266-.234-.531-.344-.641L16.64 2.468c-.109-.109-.375-.25-.641-.344zM22 26V10h-6.5A1.5 1.5 0 0114 8.5V2H2v24h20zM6 12.5c0-.281.219-.5.5-.5h11c.281 0 .5.219.5.5v1c0 .281-.219.5-.5.5h-11a.494.494 0 01-.5-.5v-1zM17.5 16c.281 0 .5.219.5.5v1c0 .281-.219.5-.5.5h-11a.494.494 0 01-.5-.5v-1c0-.281.219-.5.5-.5h11zm0 4c.281 0 .5.219.5.5v1c0 .281-.219.5-.5.5h-11a.494.494 0 01-.5-.5v-1c0-.281.219-.5.5-.5h11z"/></symbol><symbol id="flag" viewbox="0 0 29 28"><path d="M5 4c0 .719-.391 1.359-1 1.719V25.5c0 .266-.234.5-.5.5h-1a.514.514 0 01-.5-.5V5.719c-.609-.359-1-1-1-1.719 0-1.109.891-2 2-2s2 .891 2 2zm23 1v11.922c0 .578-.359.797-.812 1.031-1.766.953-3.719 1.813-5.766 1.813-2.875 0-4.25-2.188-7.656-2.188-2.484 0-5.094 1.125-7.25 2.281A1.023 1.023 0 016 20c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1V7.406c0-.375.187-.641.484-.859.375-.25.828-.469 1.234-.672C8.687 4.875 11.077 4 13.296 4c2.453 0 4.375.812 6.547 1.828.438.219.891.297 1.375.297C23.671 6.125 26.312 4 26.999 4c.547 0 1 .453 1 1z"/></symbol><symbol id="info" viewbox="0 0 7 13"><path d="M.967 11.01c.564-1.789 1.632-3.932 1.821-4.474.273-.787-.211-1.136-1.74.209l-.34-.64c1.744-1.897 5.335-2.326 4.113.613-.763 1.835-1.309 3.074-1.621 4.03-.455 1.393.694.828 1.819-.211.153.25.203.331.356.619C2.877 13.534.104 13.744.967 11.01zm4.742-8.169c-.532.453-1.32.443-1.761-.022-.441-.465-.367-1.208.164-1.661.532-.453 1.32-.442 1.761.022.439.466.367 1.209-.164 1.661z"/></symbol><symbol id="instagram" viewbox="0 0 24 28"><path d="M16 14c0-2.203-1.797-4-4-4s-4 1.797-4 4 1.797 4 4 4 4-1.797 4-4zm2.156 0c0 3.406-2.75 6.156-6.156 6.156S5.844 17.406 5.844 14 8.594 7.844 12 7.844s6.156 2.75 6.156 6.156zm1.688-6.406c0 .797-.641 1.437-1.437 1.437S16.97 8.39 16.97 7.594s.641-1.437 1.437-1.437 1.437.641 1.437 1.437zM12 4.156c-1.75 0-5.5-.141-7.078.484-.547.219-.953.484-1.375.906s-.688.828-.906 1.375c-.625 1.578-.484 5.328-.484 7.078s-.141 5.5.484 7.078c.219.547.484.953.906 1.375s.828.688 1.375.906c1.578.625 5.328.484 7.078.484s5.5.141 7.078-.484c.547-.219.953-.484 1.375-.906s.688-.828.906-1.375c.625-1.578.484-5.328.484-7.078s.141-5.5-.484-7.078c-.219-.547-.484-.953-.906-1.375s-.828-.688-1.375-.906C17.5 4.015 13.75 4.156 12 4.156zM24 14c0 1.656.016 3.297-.078 4.953-.094 1.922-.531 3.625-1.937 5.031s-3.109 1.844-5.031 1.937c-1.656.094-3.297.078-4.953.078s-3.297.016-4.953-.078c-1.922-.094-3.625-.531-5.031-1.937S.173 20.875.08 18.953C-.014 17.297.002 15.656.002 14s-.016-3.297.078-4.953c.094-1.922.531-3.625 1.937-5.031s3.109-1.844 5.031-1.937c1.656-.094 3.297-.078 4.953-.078s3.297-.016 4.953.078c1.922.094 3.625.531 5.031 1.937s1.844 3.109 1.937 5.031C24.016 10.703 24 12.344 24 14z"/></symbol><symbol id="link" viewbox="0 0 72 72"><path d="M67.6 25.5L55 38.1c-1.2 1.2-3.1 1.2-4.2 0s-1.2-3.1 0-4.2l12.7-12.7c3.5-3.5 3.5-9.2 0-12.7s-9.2-3.5-12.7 0l-16.9 17c-1 1.1-6 6.7 0 12.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.1 0 4.2s-3.1 1.2-4.2 0c-8.3-8.3-3.6-17.4 0-21.1L46.5 4.4c5.8-5.8 15.3-5.8 21.1 0s5.9 15.2 0 21.1zm-25.3 4.2c-1.2-1.2-3.1-1.2-4.2 0-1.2 1.2-1.2 3.1 0 4.2 6 6 1 11.6 0 12.7L21.2 63.4c-3.5 3.5-9.2 3.5-12.7 0s-3.5-9.2 0-12.7L21.2 38c1.2-1.2 1.2-3.1 0-4.2s-3.1-1.2-4.2 0L4.4 46.5c-5.8 5.8-5.8 15.3 0 21.1 5.8 5.8 15.3 5.8 21.1 0l16.9-16.9c3.6-3.6 8.3-12.7-.1-21z"/></symbol><symbol id="linkedin" viewbox="0 0 24 28"><path d="M5.453 9.766V25.25H.297V9.766h5.156zm.328-4.782c.016 1.484-1.109 2.672-2.906 2.672h-.031C1.11 7.656 0 6.468 0 4.984c0-1.516 1.156-2.672 2.906-2.672 1.766 0 2.859 1.156 2.875 2.672zM24 16.375v8.875h-5.141v-8.281c0-2.078-.75-3.5-2.609-3.5-1.422 0-2.266.953-2.641 1.875-.125.344-.172.797-.172 1.266v8.641H8.296c.063-14.031 0-15.484 0-15.484h5.141v2.25h-.031c.672-1.062 1.891-2.609 4.672-2.609 3.391 0 5.922 2.219 5.922 6.969z"/></symbol><symbol id="long-arrow-left" viewbox="0 0 29 28"><path d="M28 12.5v3c0 .281-.219.5-.5.5H8v3.5c0 .203-.109.375-.297.453s-.391.047-.547-.078l-6-5.469A.508.508 0 011 14.047c0-.141.063-.281.156-.375l6-5.531A.5.5 0 118 8.5V12h19.5c.281 0 .5.219.5.5z"/></symbol><symbol id="long-arrow-right" viewbox="0 0 27 28"><path d="M27 13.953a.549.549 0 01-.156.375l-6 5.531A.5.5 0 1120 19.5V16H.5a.494.494 0 01-.5-.5v-3c0-.281.219-.5.5-.5H20V8.5c0-.203.109-.375.297-.453s.391-.047.547.078l6 5.469a.508.508 0 01.156.359z"/></symbol><symbol id="reddit" viewbox="0 0 28 28"><path d="M17.109 18.234c.141.141.141.359 0 .484-.891.891-2.609.969-3.109.969s-2.219-.078-3.109-.969c-.141-.125-.141-.344 0-.484a.34.34 0 01.469 0c.562.578 1.781.766 2.641.766s2.063-.187 2.641-.766a.34.34 0 01.469 0zm-4.796-2.828c0 .766-.625 1.391-1.391 1.391a1.397 1.397 0 01-1.406-1.391A1.4 1.4 0 0110.922 14c.766 0 1.391.625 1.391 1.406zm6.171 0c0 .766-.625 1.391-1.406 1.391a1.394 1.394 0 01-1.391-1.391c0-.781.625-1.406 1.391-1.406a1.4 1.4 0 011.406 1.406zm3.922-1.875a1.867 1.867 0 00-1.875-1.859c-.531 0-1 .219-1.344.562-1.266-.875-2.969-1.437-4.859-1.5l.984-4.422 3.125.703c0 .766.625 1.391 1.391 1.391.781 0 1.406-.641 1.406-1.406s-.625-1.406-1.406-1.406a1.42 1.42 0 00-1.25.781l-3.453-.766c-.172-.047-.344.078-.391.25l-1.078 4.875c-1.875.078-3.563.641-4.828 1.516a1.877 1.877 0 00-1.359-.578 1.867 1.867 0 00-1.875 1.859c0 .75.438 1.375 1.062 1.687a4.024 4.024 0 00-.094.875c0 2.969 3.344 5.375 7.453 5.375 4.125 0 7.469-2.406 7.469-5.375 0-.297-.031-.609-.109-.891a1.878 1.878 0 001.031-1.672zM28 14c0 7.734-6.266 14-14 14S0 21.734 0 14 6.266 0 14 0s14 6.266 14 14z"/></symbol><symbol id="rss" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M4.259 23.467A4.265 4.265 0 000 27.719a4.25 4.25 0 004.259 4.244 4.25 4.25 0 004.265-4.244 4.265 4.265 0 00-4.265-4.252zM.005 10.873v6.133c3.993 0 7.749 1.562 10.577 4.391A14.897 14.897 0 0114.966 32h6.16c0-11.651-9.478-21.127-21.121-21.127zM.012 0v6.136C14.255 6.136 25.848 17.74 25.848 32H32C32 14.36 17.648 0 .012 0z"/></symbol><symbol id="search" viewbox="0 0 26 28"><path d="M18 13c0-3.859-3.141-7-7-7s-7 3.141-7 7 3.141 7 7 7 7-3.141 7-7zm8 13c0 1.094-.906 2-2 2a1.96 1.96 0 01-1.406-.594l-5.359-5.344a10.971 10.971 0 01-6.234 1.937c-6.078 0-11-4.922-11-11s4.922-11 11-11 11 4.922 11 11c0 2.219-.672 4.406-1.937 6.234l5.359 5.359c.359.359.578.875.578 1.406z"/></symbol><symbol id="sign-in" viewbox="0 0 24 28"><path d="M18.5 14a.99.99 0 01-.297.703l-8.5 8.5A.996.996 0 019 23.5c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1V18H1c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1v-6c0-.547.453-1 1-1h7V5.5c0-.547.453-1 1-1a.99.99 0 01.703.297l8.5 8.5A.996.996 0 0118.5 14zM24 8.5v11c0 2.484-2.016 4.5-4.5 4.5h-5a.514.514 0 01-.5-.5c0-.438-.203-1.5.5-1.5h5c1.375 0 2.5-1.125 2.5-2.5v-11C22 7.125 20.875 6 19.5 6H15c-.391 0-1 .078-1-.5 0-.438-.203-1.5.5-1.5h5C21.984 4 24 6.016 24 8.5z"/></symbol><symbol id="sign-out" viewbox="0 0 25 28"><path d="M10 22.5c0 .438.203 1.5-.5 1.5h-5A4.502 4.502 0 010 19.5v-11C0 6.016 2.016 4 4.5 4h5c.266 0 .5.234.5.5 0 .438.203 1.5-.5 1.5h-5A2.507 2.507 0 002 8.5v11C2 20.875 3.125 22 4.5 22H9c.391 0 1-.078 1 .5zM24.5 14a.99.99 0 01-.297.703l-8.5 8.5A.996.996 0 0115 23.5c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1V18H7c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1v-6c0-.547.453-1 1-1h7V5.5c0-.547.453-1 1-1a.99.99 0 01.703.297l8.5 8.5A.996.996 0 0124.5 14z"/></symbol><symbol id="twitter" viewbox="0 0 26 28"><path d="M25.312 6.375a10.85 10.85 0 01-2.531 2.609c.016.219.016.438.016.656 0 6.672-5.078 14.359-14.359 14.359-2.859 0-5.516-.828-7.75-2.266.406.047.797.063 1.219.063 2.359 0 4.531-.797 6.266-2.156a5.056 5.056 0 01-4.719-3.5c.313.047.625.078.953.078.453 0 .906-.063 1.328-.172a5.048 5.048 0 01-4.047-4.953v-.063a5.093 5.093 0 002.281.641 5.044 5.044 0 01-2.25-4.203c0-.938.25-1.797.688-2.547a14.344 14.344 0 0010.406 5.281 5.708 5.708 0 01-.125-1.156 5.045 5.045 0 015.047-5.047 5.03 5.03 0 013.687 1.594 9.943 9.943 0 003.203-1.219 5.032 5.032 0 01-2.219 2.781c1.016-.109 2-.391 2.906-.781z"/></symbol><symbol id="user" viewbox="0 0 20 28"><path d="M20 21.859C20 24.14 18.5 26 16.672 26H3.328C1.5 26 0 24.141 0 21.859 0 17.75 1.016 13 5.109 13a6.979 6.979 0 009.782 0C18.985 13 20 17.75 20 21.859zM16 8c0 3.313-2.688 6-6 6s-6-2.688-6-6 2.688-6 6-6 6 2.688 6 6z"/></symbol><symbol id="volume-up" viewbox="0 0 26 28"><path d="M12 5.5v17c0 .547-.453 1-1 1a.99.99 0 01-.703-.297L5.094 18H1c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1v-6c0-.547.453-1 1-1h4.094l5.203-5.203A.996.996 0 0111 4.5c.547 0 1 .453 1 1zm6 8.5c0 1.563-.953 3.078-2.422 3.672a.869.869 0 01-.391.078c-.547 0-1-.438-1-1 0-1.188 1.813-.859 1.813-2.75s-1.813-1.563-1.813-2.75c0-.562.453-1 1-1 .125 0 .266.016.391.078C17.047 10.906 18 12.437 18 14zm4 0c0 3.172-1.906 6.125-4.844 7.359a1.158 1.158 0 01-.391.078 1.01 1.01 0 01-1.016-1c0-.438.25-.734.609-.922.422-.219.812-.406 1.188-.688 1.547-1.125 2.453-2.922 2.453-4.828s-.906-3.703-2.453-4.828c-.375-.281-.766-.469-1.188-.688-.359-.187-.609-.484-.609-.922 0-.547.453-1 1-1 .141 0 .281.031.406.078 2.938 1.234 4.844 4.188 4.844 7.359zm4 0c0 4.797-2.859 9.141-7.266 11.031a1.172 1.172 0 01-.406.078c-.547 0-1-.453-1-1 0-.453.234-.703.609-.922.219-.125.469-.203.703-.328.438-.234.875-.5 1.281-.797 2.562-1.891 4.078-4.875 4.078-8.062s-1.516-6.172-4.078-8.062a11.006 11.006 0 00-1.281-.797c-.234-.125-.484-.203-.703-.328-.375-.219-.609-.469-.609-.922 0-.547.453-1 1-1 .141 0 .281.031.406.078A12.009 12.009 0 0126 14z"/></symbol><symbol id="your-texas" viewbox="0 0 500 500"><path d="M270.19 448.13l-79.76-143.39-66.32 42.04L15 211h127.16V23.6h114.9v96.95l195.47 19.06L485 259.33l-11.46 53.57-124.58 87.57 9.54 75.93z"/></symbol><symbol id="youtube" viewbox="0 0 24 28"><path d="M15.172 19.437v3.297c0 .703-.203 1.047-.609 1.047-.234 0-.469-.109-.703-.344v-4.703c.234-.234.469-.344.703-.344.406 0 .609.359.609 1.047zm5.281.016v.719h-1.406v-.719c0-.703.234-1.062.703-1.062s.703.359.703 1.062zM5.359 16.047h1.672v-1.469H2.156v1.469h1.641v8.891H5.36v-8.891zm4.5 8.891h1.391v-7.719H9.859v5.906c-.313.438-.609.656-.891.656-.187 0-.297-.109-.328-.328-.016-.047-.016-.219-.016-.547v-5.688H7.233v6.109c0 .547.047.906.125 1.141.125.391.453.578.906.578.5 0 1.031-.313 1.594-.953v.844zm6.703-2.313v-3.078c0-.719-.031-1.234-.141-1.547-.172-.578-.562-.875-1.109-.875-.516 0-1 .281-1.453.844v-3.391h-1.391v10.359h1.391v-.75c.469.578.953.859 1.453.859.547 0 .938-.297 1.109-.859.109-.328.141-.844.141-1.563zm5.282-.156v-.203h-1.422c0 .562-.016.875-.031.953-.078.375-.281.562-.625.562-.484 0-.719-.359-.719-1.078v-1.359h2.797v-1.609c0-.828-.141-1.422-.422-1.813-.406-.531-.953-.797-1.656-.797-.719 0-1.266.266-1.672.797-.297.391-.438.984-.438 1.813v2.703c0 .828.156 1.437.453 1.813.406.531.953.797 1.687.797s1.313-.281 1.687-.828a1.8 1.8 0 00.328-.844c.031-.141.031-.453.031-.906zm-9.5-14.266V4.922c0-.719-.203-1.078-.672-1.078-.453 0-.672.359-.672 1.078v3.281c0 .719.219 1.094.672 1.094.469 0 .672-.375.672-1.094zm11.234 11.735c0 1.797-.016 3.719-.406 5.469-.297 1.234-1.297 2.141-2.5 2.266-2.875.328-5.781.328-8.672.328s-5.797 0-8.672-.328c-1.203-.125-2.219-1.031-2.5-2.266-.406-1.75-.406-3.672-.406-5.469 0-1.813.016-3.719.406-5.469.297-1.234 1.297-2.141 2.516-2.281 2.859-.313 5.766-.313 8.656-.313s5.797 0 8.672.313c1.203.141 2.219 1.047 2.5 2.281.406 1.75.406 3.656.406 5.469zM7.984 0h1.594L7.687 6.234v4.234H6.124V6.234c-.141-.766-.453-1.859-.953-3.313-.344-.969-.688-1.953-1.016-2.922h1.656L6.92 4.108zm5.782 5.203v2.734c0 .828-.141 1.453-.438 1.844-.391.531-.938.797-1.656.797-.703 0-1.25-.266-1.641-.797-.297-.406-.438-1.016-.438-1.844V5.203c0-.828.141-1.437.438-1.828.391-.531.938-.797 1.641-.797.719 0 1.266.266 1.656.797.297.391.438 1 .438 1.828zM19 2.672v7.797h-1.422V9.61c-.562.656-1.094.969-1.609.969-.453 0-.781-.187-.922-.578-.078-.234-.125-.609-.125-1.172V2.673h1.422v5.734c0 .328 0 .516.016.547.031.219.141.344.328.344.281 0 .578-.219.891-.672V2.673h1.422z"/></symbol></svg> </div> <nav class="c-navbar c-navbar--dark has-bg-black-off" aria-label="sitewide"> <div class="c-navbar__top l-align-center-x c-navbar__top--standard"> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/" class="c-navbar__logo l-align-center-self" aria-label="The Texas Tribune Homepage"> <svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 585.7 64.51" class="l-display-block l-width-full"><path fill="#fff" d="M84.94 10.23v45.85H74.63V10.23H64.49V1.16H95v9.07zM120.08 56.08V33.57h-11.46v22.51H98.39V1.16h10.23v23.25h11.46V1.16h10.31v54.92zM136.78 56.08V1.16H163V10h-16v13.59h11.05v8.08H147v15.26h16v9.15zM198.62 10.23v45.85h-10.31V10.23h-10.14V1.16h30.51v9.07zM213.1 56.08V1.16h26.23V10h-16v13.59h11v8.08h-11v15.26h16v9.15zM265.89 56.08l-6.44-19-7 19h-10l11.29-27.71-10.62-27.21h10.73l6 19 6.59-19h10.07l-11 26.39 11.05 28.53zM301.7 56.08l-1.81-10.8h-9.73l-2 10.8h-9.57l11.07-54.92h11.47l11 54.92zM295.27 16l-3.71 21.2h7zM328.66 57.32c-9.4 0-15.25-5.61-15.25-14.19v-3.79h9.4v3.22c0 4 1.9 6.26 5.61 6.26s5.44-2.14 5.44-5.52c0-4.37-2.8-7.34-8.25-11.38-5.6-4-11.71-9.49-11.71-17.15C313.9 6.85 319 0 328.91 0c8.66 0 14.43 5.94 14.43 14.1v3.55H334v-3.3c0-3.38-1.72-5.85-5.19-5.85a4.63 4.63 0 0 0-4.95 4.94c0 4.62 2.72 7 8.82 11.47 6.52 4.86 11.14 9.81 11.14 17.23.02 8.86-6.08 15.18-15.16 15.18zM377.84 10.23v45.85h-10.31V10.23h-10.15V1.16h30.52v9.07zM417.57 56.41c-4.05 0-5.61-3.3-5.61-8.08V38c0-2.56-1.32-4.7-4.21-4.7h-5.36v22.78h-10.22V1.16h16.9c7.51 0 12.54 4.29 12.54 12v7.76c0 4.12-1.9 7.17-6.19 8.49a8.42 8.42 0 0 1 6.35 8.33v10.01a7.69 7.69 0 0 0 2 5.61v3zm-5.94-42.88c0-2.48-1.07-4-3.63-4h-5.61v16.2h5.2c2.64 0 4-1.4 4-4.37zM429.8 56.08V1.16H440v54.92zM465.59 56.08h-17.32V1.16h17.16c7.5 0 12.12 4 12.12 11.62v5.94c0 4.7-1.81 8.25-6.51 9.24 4.95 1.32 6.76 4.7 6.76 9.32v7.17c0 7.67-4.7 11.63-12.21 11.63zm2.15-42.55c0-2.48-1.08-4-3.63-4h-5.53v15.13h5.12c2.63 0 4-1.4 4-4.29zm.16 23c0-2.89-1.4-4.37-4-4.37h-5.28v15.5h5.78c2.55 0 3.54-1.4 3.54-4zM499.34 57.32c-8.9 0-15.5-5.69-15.5-13.94V1.16h10.39v42.22c0 3.22 1.81 5 5.11 5s5.2-1.81 5.2-5V1.16h10v42.22c-.02 8.25-6.29 13.94-15.2 13.94zM544.66 56.08L534 32.66l-3.87-8.74v32.16h-9.4V1.16h8.82L539.71 25l3.63 8.74V1.16h9.24v54.92zM559.48 56.08V1.16h26.22V10h-16v13.59h11v8.08h-11v15.26h16v9.15z"/><path d="M0 .6v63.91l12.85-8h43V.6zm40 44.63l-12.22-8.06-12.24 8.06 3.88-14.13L8 22l14.63-.68 5.15-13.76L33 21.27l14.58.73-11.44 9.1z" fill="#ffc200"/></svg> </a> <div class="c-navbar__content "> <ul class="c-navbar__items t-uppercase t-size-xxs hide_until--l is-hidden-until-bp-l js-toggle-on-search "> <li class="c-navbar__item"> <a class="c-navbar__item-content c-navbar__clickable c-navbar__clickable--animated" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://support.texastribune.org/donate?installmentPeriod=once&amount=60" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="donations" ga-event-action="membership-intent" ga-event-label="c-navbar">Donate</a> </li> <li class="c-navbar__item"> <a class="c-navbar__item-content c-navbar__clickable c-navbar__clickable--animated " href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/subscribe/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="subscribe intent" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="not frontpage">Newsletters</a> </li> <li class="c-navbar__item"> <a class="c-navbar__item-content c-navbar__clickable c-navbar__clickable--animated " href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/events/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="events">Events</a> </li> <li class="c-navbar__item"> <a class="c-navbar__item-content c-navbar__clickable c-navbar__clickable--animated " href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/audio/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="audio">Audio</a> </li> <li class="c-navbar__item"> <a class="c-navbar__item-content c-navbar__clickable c-navbar__clickable--animated " href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/series/news-apps-graphics-databases/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="data">Data</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="c-navbar__items c-navbar__items--no-space js-toggle-on-search hide_until--l is-hidden-until-bp-l"> <li class="c-navbar__items"> <ul id="greeting" class="c-navbar__items t-uppercase t-size-xxs hide_until--l is-hidden-until-bp-l js-toggle-on-search"></ul> </li> <li class="c-navbar__item"> <button id="nav-search-open" class="c-navbar__item-content c-navbar__clickable" aria-label="Show site search form" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="search-open"> <span class="c-icon c-icon--yellow t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#search"></use></svg></span> </button> </li> </ul> <ul class="c-navbar__items t-size-xxs hide_from--l is-hidden-from-bp-l"> <li id="nav-menu-open" class="c-navbar__item c-navbar__item--no-space"> <button class="c-navbar__item-content c-navbar__text c-navbar__clickable has-text-gray-light t-uppercase" aria-label="Show menu" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="menu-open"> <span class="c-icon c-icon--yellow t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#bars"></use></svg></span> <span> Menu</span> </button> </li> <li id="nav-menu-close" class="c-navbar__item hidden"> <button class="c-navbar__item-content c-navbar__text c-navbar__clickable has-text-gray-light t-uppercase" aria-label="Hide menu" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="menu-close"> <span class="c-icon c-icon--yellow t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#close"></use></svg></span> <span> Close</span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="nav-search-form" class="c-navbar__search hidden hide_until--l is-hidden-until-bp-l"> <form class="c-navbar__search-form" method="get" action="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/search/"> <button class="c-navbar__search-button c-navbar__clickable" type="submit" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="search-submit"> <span class="c-icon c-icon--yellow t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#search"></use></svg></span> </button> <input class="js-search-input c-navbar__search-input" name="q" type="text" placeholder="Search The Texas Tribune" aria-label="Search The Texas Tribune"> <button id="nav-search-close" class="c-navbar__clickable" type="button" aria-label="Close site search form" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="search-close"> <span class="c-icon c-icon--yellow t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#close"></use></svg></span> </button> </form> </div> </div> <div id="nav-dropdown" class="c-navbar__dropdown hide_from--l is-hidden-from-bp-l hidden"> <div class="c-navbar__dropdown-search grid_separator has-b-btm-marg l-width-full"> <form class="c-navbar__search-form" method="get" action="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/search/"> <button class="c-navbar__search-button c-navbar__clickable" type="submit" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="search-submit"> <span class="c-icon c-icon--yellow t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#search"></use></svg></span> </button> <input class="js-search-input c-navbar__search-input" name="q" type="text" placeholder="Search The Texas Tribune" aria-label="Search The Texas Tribune"> </form> </div> <ul class="c-navbar__dropdown-items t-uppercase t-size-xxs"> <li class="c-navbar__dropdown-item"> <a class="c-navbar__clickable" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://support.texastribune.org/donate?installmentPeriod=once&amount=60" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="donations" ga-event-action="membership-intent" ga-event-label="c-navbar">Donate</a> </li> <li class="c-navbar__dropdown-item"> <a class="c-navbar__clickable " href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/subscribe/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="subscribe intent" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="not frontpage">Newsletters</a> </li> <li class="c-navbar__dropdown-item"> <a class="c-navbar__clickable " href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/events/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="events">Events</a> </li> <li class="c-navbar__dropdown-item"> <a class="c-navbar__clickable " href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/audio/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="audio">Audio</a> </li> <li class="c-navbar__dropdown-item"> <a class="c-navbar__clickable " href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/series/news-apps-graphics-databases/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="top nav click" ga-event-label="data">Data</a> </li> </ul> <ul id="mobile-greeting" class="c-navbar__dropdown-items t-uppercase t-size-xxs"></ul> </div> </nav> <script> (function() { function bindSearchOpen(elements) { var searchOpen = elements.searchOpen; var searchForm = elements.searchForm; var searchInput = elements.searchInput; var toggleOnSearch = elements.toggleOnSearch; searchOpen.addEventListener('click', function () { searchForm.classList.remove('hidden'); toggleOnSearch.forEach(function (el) { el.classList.add('hidden'); searchInput.focus(); }); }); } function bindSearchClose(elements) { var searchClose = elements.searchClose; var searchForm = elements.searchForm; var toggleOnSearch = elements.toggleOnSearch; searchClose.addEventListener('click', function () { searchForm.classList.add('hidden'); toggleOnSearch.forEach(function (el) { el.classList.remove('hidden'); }); }); } function bindMenuOpen(elements) { var menuOpen = elements.menuOpen; var menuClose = elements.menuClose; var dropdown = elements.dropdown; menuOpen.addEventListener('click', function () { menuOpen.classList.add('hidden'); menuClose.classList.remove('hidden'); dropdown.classList.remove('hidden'); }); } function bindMenuClose(elements) { var menuOpen = elements.menuOpen; var menuClose = elements.menuClose; var dropdown = elements.dropdown; menuClose.addEventListener('click', function () { menuOpen.classList.remove('hidden'); menuClose.classList.add('hidden'); dropdown.classList.add('hidden'); }); } function getElements() { var toggleOnSearch = document.querySelectorAll('.js-toggle-on-search'); var menuOpen = document.querySelector('#nav-menu-open'); var menuClose = document.querySelector('#nav-menu-close'); var searchForm = document.querySelector('#nav-search-form'); var searchInput = document.querySelector('.js-search-input'); var searchOpen = document.querySelector('#nav-search-open'); var searchClose = document.querySelector('#nav-search-close'); var dropdown = document.querySelector('#nav-dropdown'); return { toggleOnSearch: toggleOnSearch, menuOpen: menuOpen, menuClose: menuClose, searchForm: searchForm, searchInput: searchInput, searchOpen: searchOpen, searchClose: searchClose, dropdown: dropdown }; } function bindNavEvents() { const elements = getElements(); bindSearchOpen(elements); bindSearchClose(elements); bindMenuOpen(elements); bindMenuClose(elements); } bindNavEvents(); }()); </script> <aside class="c-topic-bar c-topic-bar--btm-border c-topic-bar--sticky t-links-underlined-hover t-size-xs t-align-center has-bg-white" aria-labelledby="topic-bar-label" data-test-name="topicbar"> <h2 id="topic-bar-label" class="is-sr-only">Key coverage</h2> <div class="c-topic-bar__inner"> <div class="flatblock block-homepage-topic-bar"> <div class="flatblock-content"><ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/11/24/texas-covid-19-hospitalizations/">COVID-19 Hospitalizations</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/11/23/texas-evictions-rent-relief/">Evictions in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/11/23/texas-abortion-providers-supreme-court/">Abortion Providers</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://apps.texastribune.org/features/2021/texas-redistricting-map/?_ga=2.203830611.215433255.1635769039-771758848.1633621262">Find Your Political Districts</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://apps.texastribune.org/features/2020/texas-coronavirus-cases-map/">COVID-19 Tracker</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="has-l-btm-marg" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div class="has-xl-btm-marg"> <div id="ad-unit-5797" class="js-ad-unit t-align-center"> <div class="c-ad-ldbd"> <div class="c-ad-ldbd__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main-tt-content" class="has-xxxl-btm-marg"> <article>  <section class="l-container l-container--l"> <header class="has-page-padding has-b-btm-marg"> <div id="article-hed-byline" class="t-links">  <h1 itemprop="headline" class="t-headline t-serif t-lh-s has-b-btm-marg">Texas regulators want to prepare the state’s electricity grid for extreme weather. But that’s a moving target in a warming world.</h1>  <div class="has-notch is-hidden-from-bp-s has-b-btm-marg has-bg-yellow"></div> <p class="has-s-btm-marg has-vert-bar has-vert-bar--from-bp-s t-size-b has-text-yellow"> <span class="has-text-gray-dark">The state plans to use past weather data to craft rules for power plant upgrades. Scientists warn that the accelerating effects of climate change make relying on old data alone insufficient.</span> </p>  <p class="t-byline has-text-vert-padding t-uppercase t-lsp-m t-size-xs has-text-gray-dark has-s-btm-marg"> <span class="t-byline__item l-display-ib">by <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/staff/erin-douglas/">Erin Douglas</a></span> <time class="byline--item t-byline__item l-display-ib" datetime="Mon, 16 Aug 2021 13:59:12 -0500" title="2021-08-16 13:59 CDT">Aug. 16, 2021</time><time class="byline--item t-byline__item l-display-ib" datetime="Mon, 16 Aug 2021 13:59:12 -0500" title="2021-08-16 13:59 CDT">1 PM Central</time> </p> </div>  <div id="share_button_row" class="c-share t-align-center t-size-s" ga-tracker="social_shares"> <a class="c-button c-button--outline has-bg-facebook has-text-facebook has-text-hover-facebook l-align-center-children has-reset-padding" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/%3Futm_campaign%3Dtrib-social-buttons%26utm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dsocial" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on Facebook" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="Share" ga-event-action="facebook-intent" ga-event-label="Share Button Row"> <span class="c-icon c-button__inner t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#facebook"></use></svg></span> </a> <a class="c-button c-button--outline has-bg-twitter has-text-twitter has-text-hover-twitter l-align-center-children has-reset-padding" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/%3Futm_campaign%3Dtrib-social-buttons%26utm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dsocial&text=Texas%20regulators%20want%20to%20prepare%20the%20state%E2%80%99s%20electricity%20grid%20for%20extreme%20weather.%20But%20that%E2%80%99s%20a%20moving%20target%20in%20a%20warming%20world.&via=TexasTribune" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Share on Twitter" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="Share" ga-event-action="twitter-intent" ga-event-label="Share Button Row"> <span class="c-icon c-button__inner t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#twitter"></use></svg></span> </a> <a class="c-button c-button--outline has-bg-yellow has-text-yellow has-text-hover-yellow l-align-center-children has-reset-padding" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/mailto:/?subject=Texas%20regulators%20want%20to%20prepare%20the%20state%E2%80%99s%20electricity%20grid%20for%20extreme%20weather.%20But%20that%E2%80%99s%20a%20moving%20target%20in%20a%20warming%20world.&body=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/%3Futm_campaign%3Dtrib-social-buttons%26utm_source%3Demail%26utm_medium%3Dsocial" aria-label="Share this story by email" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="Share" ga-event-action="email-intent" ga-event-label="Share Button Row"> <span class="c-icon c-button__inner t-size-s"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#envelope"></use></svg></span> </a> <div id="copy-link-7704"> <button class="c-button c-button--outline c-button--s has-bg-teal has-text-teal has-text-hover-teal l-align-center-children l-width-full l-height-full has-reset-padding" disabled> <span class="c-button__inner">Copy link</span> </button> </div> <a class="c-button c-button--outline has-bg-gray-dark has-text-gray-dark has-text-hover-gray-dark l-align-center-children has-reset-padding is-hidden-until-bp-l" href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/republish/" aria-label="Republish this story" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="Republish" ga-event-action="republish-intent" ga-event-label="Share Button Row"> <span class="c-button__inner t-size-xxs">Republish</span> </a> </div> </header> </section> <div class="l-container l-container--l has-page-padding-at-bp-l has-xl-btm-marg"> <figure class="l-pos-rel"> <div class="c-image"> <div class="c-image__placeholder has-bg-white-off"> <picture> <source sizes="(min-width: 845px) 845px, 100vw" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/HzdK0yvuV8BkeHWN6DMm5I-b350=/3000x2010/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 3000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/xB0tYd6V0w7kkAu4giHkqZn2seM=/2500x1675/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 2500w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/_zNKa41Rkg49ICEgl0nRFheynAA=/1550x1038/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 1550w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/MERhkqnFjwybLhrVRpzahSXrayo=/1200x804/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 1200w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/HyrdjqXk9WrRUzyl4OkiY5BPqTM=/1000x670/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 1000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/BluE_kuwSNC4-6UhlfKSn8Upsq0=/850x570/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 850w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/eCHhKRAUgJmboao3F-oSNwrKQeI=/640x429/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/HR81H6Ko55Bqe44S7GAXEqz-dXE=/375x251/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 375w" type="image/webp"> <source sizes="(min-width: 845px) 845px, 100vw" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/ij_S7jZIiuSbZcEON4x9ygbzv-g=/3000x2010/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 3000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/HUbHorE6XhWreC_HFARBjanMf1o=/2500x1675/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 2500w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/a-J4v5PKGawws9FU59NrXSf6pAw=/1550x1038/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 1550w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/Mqk3htx_TRxVmTLAUmUjmznb470=/1200x804/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 1200w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/BDo_NY2_d3kMDMua1ERmluPSYe0=/1000x670/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 1000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/ZCRgXRetvPuz7RE_-PrnK07NgQs=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 850w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/3iGNhsOOrjyvBG4W6jXp51G7UgI=/640x429/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/En8jeOi2lynavJQdG5X0X9XTG-Y=/375x251/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg 375w"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/ZCRgXRetvPuz7RE_-PrnK07NgQs=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/27f2bc4893b9f60afd194c1f224460d6/RBJ%20Center%20Storm%20MM%20TT%2022.jpg" alt="Executive director and Vice President of DMA Properties Sergio Amaya clears the walkways outside of the Rebekah Baines Johns…" class="did-load c-image__img"> </picture> </div> </div> <figcaption class="c-caption t-links-underlined l-display-block t-size-xs"> <span> Sergio Amaya cleared sidewalks at the Rebekah Baines Johnson Center in Austin after the February winter storm, which crippled the state’s power grid for days and left millions without power. Now state regulators are trying to develop guidelines to prepare the grid for more extreme weather. </span> <cite> <span class="is-sr-only">Credit:</span><span class="c-icon c-icon--baseline"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#camera"></use></svg></span> Montinique Monroe for The Texas Tribune </cite> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="story_body c-story-body t-size-b has-giant-btm-marg"> <div class="c-story-body"> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left"><em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/newsletters/the-brief/?utm_medium=website&utm_source=trib-ads-owned&utm_campaign=trib-marketing&utm_term=inline-CTA-brief">Sign up for The Brief</a>, our daily newsletter that keeps readers up to speed on the most essential Texas news.</em></p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">When Public Utility Commissioner Lori Cobos pressed the state’s climatologist on how to account for extreme weather in strengthening Texas’ electricity grid, she didn’t use the C-words.</p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“I don’t think that we can rely on the old models anymore,” said Cobos, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/06/17/abbott-public-utility-commission-cobos/">who was appointed to the commission in June</a>. “We’ve got to really kind of think more progressively going forward on how we’re calculating statistics and what data we’re using, given the weather fluctuations in Texas and all over the country.” </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“Weather fluctuations” and “extreme weather” were the phrases Texas regulators largely stuck to last week in a meeting about hardening the state’s electricity grid — just a few days after the world’s preeminent climate change scientists released the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/#FullReport">most dire report yet on how human activity is warming the globe at a rapid pace</a>. </p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-5514" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">Texas is <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/http://www.southernclimate.org/documents/climatechange_texas.pdf">already experiencing</a> hotter and longer summers, sea level rise, and increasingly intense hurricanes due to climate change — trends that <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://climatexas.tamu.edu/files/Climate-ExecutiveSummary-Flyer.pdf">are expected to accelerate</a> in the coming decades if humans continue to emit <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/#FullReport">unsustainable quantities</a> of greenhouse gases. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">With climate change looming over the discussion, officials on the Public Utility Commission of Texas hesitantly questioned the Electric Reliability Council of Texas and the state’s top climatologist on how those trends could be factored into regulations for the power grid that covers much of Texas. Commissioners pondered how to plan for an unknown that scientists agree is bringing new weather extremes. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“What about the next extreme event?” said <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.puc.texas.gov/agency/about/commissioners/glotfelty/Default.aspx">Jimmy Glotfelty</a>, a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-appoints-glotfelty-to-public-utility-commission-of-texas">newly appointed</a> PUC commissioner. “We need to think, at some point, about an event that’s worse than what happened in February.”</p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">That’s the fundamental question for those managing the power grid: What is “extreme” weather in Texas? The definition will underpin the agency’s rules on how far power plants must go in upgrading and weatherizing to prevent another grid catastrophe — and it’s unclear how or if Texas will include forward-looking climate modeling in the parameters. </p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--default c-plugin--narrow is-hidden-print"> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="newsletter-subscribe-9768"> <div class="loading loading--s c-loading c-loading--s" aria-hidden="true"></div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">The utility regulatory agency is developing rules aimed at ensuring that power plants can withstand extreme weather after a winter storm crippled the grid and left millions of people without power for several days in February, one of the worst environmental disasters in state history. The storm caused the deaths of as many as 700 people, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/peteraldhous/texas-winter-storm-power-outage-death-toll">according to a BuzzFeed analysis</a>, and caused an estimated $86 billion to $129 billion in economic damage, according to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.perrymangroup.com/media/uploads/brief/perryman-preliminary-estimates-of-economic-costs-of-the-february-2021-texas-winter-storm-02-25-21.pdf">The Perryman Group</a>, a Texas economic firm.</p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">Lawmakers responded with <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/history.aspx?LegSess=87R&Bill=SB3">Senate Bill 3</a>, which required upgrades to the electricity grid but largely left the details to the PUC. During the Thursday meeting, PUC staff and commissioners said lawmakers had left the agency little time to implement the new and complex regulations. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">The PUC has published a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/http://interchange.puc.texas.gov/Documents/51840_32_1140259.PDF">preliminary draft of rules</a> and estimates that large power plants would not need to implement the rules until the winter of 2022. Medium-size and smaller power plants would have deadlines of winter 2023 and 2024, respectively.</p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“We’re left trying to define what a weather emergency is,” Barksdale English, a director of compliance and enforcement at the Public Utility Commission, said in his remarks to commissioners Thursday. “The best we’ve come up with is to think about all the historical weather data that exists in the state.” </p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-9332" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">But, he noted, “there’s a lot of different ways to slice that data.” </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">Despite the uncertainty about how to factor climate modeling into new rules for the power grid, Doug Lewin, an Austin-based energy and climate consultant who has observed the Public Utility Commission for more than a decade, said that Thursday was a “milestone moment” politically, given that a Texas regulatory agency asked about extreme weather at all. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">A decade ago, Texas’ <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/climate-change-denial-texas/">top politicians sowed confusion about climate science</a> while suing the Obama administration over federal efforts to cut down carbon emissions. In 2014, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2014/07/13/growth-adds-denial-and-vulnerability-climate-chang/">Texas Republicans’ party platform called</a> climate change a “political agenda which attempts to control every aspect of our lives.” The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.texasgop.org/platform/">most recent platform</a> states that while the party supports objective teaching of scientific theories, science, including climate change, should be taught as “challengeable scientific theories subject to change.” </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“This is what the Texas government, and society in general, is struggling with, is the long tradition of climate [change] denial,” Lewin said. “But climate change is not a 2050 thing. It’s happening now, in real time. So, that’s the shift [electricity regulators have] got to make.</p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-932" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“I think they’re trying,” he added. </p> <h2 id="afcd33b8-272e-4e6c-8432-cc6c89dc4916" class="t-copy t-copy--level-2 t-align-left">Will regulators prepare the grid for climate change? </h2> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">A draft of the agency’s new rules would require plants to be able to provide service under the 95th percentile of extreme weather scenarios — for example, the plants would have to function during 95% of extreme high or low temperatures that might occur. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">Those ranges will be determined by a weather study done by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, the entity that operates the grid, with input from the state’s climatologist, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://atmo.tamu.edu/people/profiles/faculty/nielsen-gammonjohn.html">John Nielsen-Gammon</a>. The new grid regulations would depend on that study — which may or may not include climate modeling that attempts to predict future scenarios. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">In the PUC’s Thursday meeting, ERCOT representatives and Nielsen-Gammon said the study would be based on historical climate data. How the study might incorporate changing weather patterns is undetermined at this point, experts at the meeting said.</p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-1846" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“I’ve found that Texans in general are more trusting of data than models,” Nielsen-Gammon said in response to questions from commissioners on how to incorporate recent extreme weather into the study. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“On the other hand,” he said, “given the fact that we don’t know what’s going to happen with the climate, and given that we have a limited record, it can be prudent to allow for bigger margins of error.” </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">One of the challenges for regulators, scientists said, will be that climate models are based on data that’s analyzed on a global scale. Regulators in Texas want to predict changes on a much more granular level — the grid needs data on an hourly basis to deliver enough power as demand fluctuates — so it could prove difficult to put the two together. But climate scientists warned that leaving out climate projections would be folly. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“Any reasonable standards would account for the additional warming that can be expected,” said Michael Mann, a climate scientist at Penn State and director of the Earth System Science Center. </p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-9644" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">In an interview with The Texas Tribune, Nielsen-Gammon said that it is possible to include some climate modeling in the study, if that’s what ERCOT and the PUC decide to do. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">Jason Furtado, a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/http://meteorology.ou.edu/member/jason-furtado/">climate scientist at the University of Oklahoma</a>, said that climate data can be regionalized with various “downscaling” techniques and that scientists are able to project how carbon dioxide emissions will affect the frequency of some extreme weather, such as the number of days above 100 degrees Fahrenheit per year, in a certain region. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“In my opinion, this is what needs to be done if you’re planning to invest in something for the next 20, 30 or 50 years,” Furtado said. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">He and other climate scientists said that regulators need to include climate forecasts or risk leaving the grid unprepared for a warming world. </p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-5518" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“The baseline is changing,” Furtado said. “What we might call extreme now, in 30 years might not be as extreme.” </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">Projecting the next extreme cold event in Texas is even more complex, scientists said. In general, climate scientists expect to see less extreme cold as the climate warms globally, but some scientists think climate change is disrupting the winter jet stream in a way that makes places like Texas more susceptible to blasts of frigid air like during the February storm, Mann said.</p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.ucsusa.org/about/people/kristina-dahl#:~:text=Kristina%20Dahl%20is%20a%20senior,general%20public%2C%20and%20to%20policymakers.">Kristina Dahl</a>, a senior climate scientist for the climate and energy program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, agreed that regulators should find a way to incorporate climate modeling into the new grid rules. She pointed out that decisions made about weatherizing large facilities will need to last for decades and the planning itself can often take years. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“By just looking at past conditions, we would not have a good picture of what might happen in the future,” Dahl said. </p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-3106" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="d4b88249-b0f2-42c8-a110-2559182965f2" class="t-copy t-copy--level-2 t-align-left">Grid fix already running behind schedule</h2> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">But ERCOT and the PUC may not be able to incorporate climate change at all into the first pass at new regulations for the grid. The state is already running behind on developing regulations, commissioners and agency staff members said. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“[We have] six months to write a rule that the commission has never taken up before, and we have never regulated in this area before,” said English, the PUC director. “For one that is as complex and important to the public as it is, it has been a difficult challenge.”</p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">He said that the agency asked ERCOT to complete the weather study because finding and hiring an independent firm to do it would take too long to meet the six-month deadline set by the Legislature. Even so, ERCOT is unlikely to finish the study before the end of January, PUC staff said. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">In the meantime, the PUC could be forced to adopt a short-term solution. Commissioners bounced ideas around including requiring power plants to submit reports on what went wrong in February and their plans or proof of fixing it. Or, they said, they might simply use some of the national winter grid reliability standards being developed by the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.nerc.com/Pages/default.aspx">North American Electric Reliability Corp.</a> as a baseline until more stringent Texas weather standards are developed. </p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-6309" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">That could buy the agency time to craft a more rigorous definition of “extreme” weather while requiring power plants to make the upgrades that lawmakers clearly desired in a short time period, commissioners said. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">Whether the implementation takes months or years, energy and climate experts said, the debate over whether and how to include climate change models in the regulation will be key in the effort to prevent another power grid disaster. </p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left">“If they set a standard to weatherize to ... past weather, we’re in real trouble as a state,” Lewin said. “That will not secure our grid.”</p> <p class="t-copy t-links-underlined t-align-left"><em>Join us Sept. 20-25 at the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://bit.ly/2UngasY">2021 Texas Tribune Festival</a>. Tickets are on sale now for this multi-day celebration of big, bold ideas about politics, public policy and the day’s news, curated by The Texas Tribune’s award-winning journalists. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://bit.ly/2UngasY">Learn more</a>.</em></p> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--flush "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div id="ad-unit-3751" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-flex"> <div class="c-ad-flex__inner"> <div class="c-ad-flex__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--default c-plugin--narrow is-hidden-print"> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <section class="t-serif"> <div class="has-notch has-bg-yellow has-b-btm-marg" aria-hidden="true"></div> <h2 class="t-sans t-uppercase t-lsp-b t-size-b has-b-btm-marg has-text-black"> Related News </h2> <ul class="has-l-btm-marg"> <li class="has-b-btm-marg">  <article class="c-story-block c-story-block--read-more c-story-block--stack-until-bp-m"> <header class="c-story-block__text t-links-underlined-hover"> <h3 class="has-tiny-btm-marg"> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/07/13/texas-power-grid-ercot-puc-hearing/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="read more" ga-event-action="curated" ga-event-label="story page"> <strong>Officials in charge of Texas' power grid try to reassure lawmakers and the public that they're fixing lingering problems</strong> </a> </h3> <p class="t-byline t-uppercase t-lsp-b t-sans t-size-xs has-text-gray-dark is-hidden-until-bp-m"> <time class="t-byline__item l-display-ib" datetime="Tue, 13 Jul 2021 16:02:22 -0500"> July 13, 2021 </time> </p> </header> <figure class="c-story-block__image-wrap is-hidden-until-bp-m"> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/07/13/texas-power-grid-ercot-puc-hearing/" class="l-display-block" tabindex="-1" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="read more" ga-event-action="curated" ga-event-label="story page"> <div class="c-image"> <div class="c-image__placeholder has-bg-white-off"> <noscript> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/TAnmQLAN5VTIpeqFFXRN_2X-cqU=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg" alt="Reliability Coordinators monitored the state power grid during a tour of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) c…" class="c-image__img l-width-full l-display-block did-load"> </noscript> <picture> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/7x-9FdT_iTu7OhXof4D7QN7hu4k=/3000x2010/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 3000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/T0kjRhcdgKVlysMF1pBKdjCLQFY=/2500x1675/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 2500w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/b8lJtMDaG4r7id6fp2xw4KwfoO4=/1550x1038/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 1550w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/tiMNEsWWtiLZCHp2smzl9XB2Dmw=/1200x804/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 1200w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/vGjaoQtera-CYYWBO-tE1yJ47-s=/1000x670/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 1000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/D5r8Nj8RTSn9Jub2UhjPBR_tCUw=/850x570/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 850w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/HRXQszMCO6oVA1Y2FWJC4AwQ2oI=/640x429/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/vPnLUEK2Jnwx2p6yeYxisxSSTBU=/375x251/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 375w" type="image/webp"> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/xTq_dzE3K2Qz8bDhY8N4CLT7jmA=/3000x2010/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 3000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/aAyLtCD5eZ01h6Mwpw_TZYlHUYA=/2500x1675/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 2500w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/AX4YqntP2klL0u8ziX8nSKANN8E=/1550x1038/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 1550w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/qQyevRcZtclxUL9Gr8y6LU5USlY=/1200x804/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 1200w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/rNjchCebIWDvihUI7UN9--qhdFI=/1000x670/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 1000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/TAnmQLAN5VTIpeqFFXRN_2X-cqU=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 850w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/9FLJY9x_UB6NG9Qyqk4w35OKcqs=/640x429/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/tjSsZ9-YTa0nef2pid1wYgJra3k=/375x251/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg 375w"> <img data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/TAnmQLAN5VTIpeqFFXRN_2X-cqU=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/4f8db9b2e602c5dfe8255f19aff8b720/ERCOT%20Command%20Center%20REUTERS%20TT%2001.jpg" alt="Reliability Coordinators monitored the state power grid during a tour of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) c…" class="js-lazy-image js-lazy-image--target c-image__img" data-sizes="auto"> </picture> </div> </div> </a> </figure> </article> </li> <li class="has-b-btm-marg">  <article class="c-story-block c-story-block--read-more c-story-block--stack-until-bp-m"> <header class="c-story-block__text t-links-underlined-hover"> <h3 class="has-tiny-btm-marg"> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/04/texas-energy-industry-donations-legislature/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="read more" ga-event-action="curated" ga-event-label="story page"> <strong>Energy industry showers Gov. Greg Abbott, other Texas politicians with campaign cash after they passed power grid bills</strong> </a> </h3> <p class="t-byline t-uppercase t-lsp-b t-sans t-size-xs has-text-gray-dark is-hidden-until-bp-m"> <time class="t-byline__item l-display-ib" datetime="Wed, 4 Aug 2021 05:00:00 -0500"> Aug. 4, 2021 </time> </p> </header> <figure class="c-story-block__image-wrap is-hidden-until-bp-m"> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/04/texas-energy-industry-donations-legislature/" class="l-display-block" tabindex="-1" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="read more" ga-event-action="curated" ga-event-label="story page"> <div class="c-image"> <div class="c-image__placeholder has-bg-white-off"> <noscript> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/8IHJwJK7RRFMPkOatTlCPF_ery0=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg" alt="Gov. Greg Abbott speaks at a press conference regarding Texas’ emergency response to an unprecedented winter storm gripping …" class="c-image__img l-width-full l-display-block did-load"> </noscript> <picture> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/ZyqVHUoTL6yGe0505-xt6R7zxFs=/3000x2010/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 3000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/k8jOkwNCRDAEVUc_kRAJ9cGwW4I=/2500x1675/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 2500w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/UNn-KHRS1sv8TbCD2eyikmXl_R4=/1550x1038/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 1550w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/SlFoo4rC-jAiQ_lTLYLl_HId-c4=/1200x804/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 1200w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/Fy-GMuNV_c1UsK7-qP7kCtZ6Ito=/1000x670/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 1000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/LrhSEuZB8RmXRF279F98Xn_av3I=/850x570/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 850w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/58dEO9im41M_gpDN2nQrHIdlWFM=/640x429/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/bxIVjE1RDkCroohVdk2IH1OwyA0=/375x251/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 375w" type="image/webp"> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/cqN1pAuGjm_X3w1lBeWJPNARt7c=/3000x2010/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 3000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/ZRCNPMFe_MSI9hRpckxCSnlUciM=/2500x1675/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 2500w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/Nw-IlBv4n4gKN8PLcM338JE9WXY=/1550x1038/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 1550w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/l2MAk2igtOjApdmd70QgRoHHcqQ=/1200x804/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 1200w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/lg0gmJMJfV9c1_CGdcmUEGryEpI=/1000x670/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 1000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/8IHJwJK7RRFMPkOatTlCPF_ery0=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 850w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/MCkpIrrH6GR-T2O816Z7BpwKrB8=/640x429/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/bqR-4XFIJhSltvLg_ENP9eNF3p0=/375x251/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg 375w"> <img data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/8IHJwJK7RRFMPkOatTlCPF_ery0=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/75ec7cec01c7d6fd2fbfc960e81faf05/Winter%20Storm%20and%20Abbott%20Presser%20TT%2016.jpg" alt="Gov. Greg Abbott speaks at a press conference regarding Texas’ emergency response to an unprecedented winter storm gripping …" class="js-lazy-image js-lazy-image--target c-image__img" data-sizes="auto"> </picture> </div> </div> </a> </figure> </article> </li> <li class="has-b-btm-marg">  <article class="c-story-block c-story-block--read-more c-story-block--stack-until-bp-m"> <header class="c-story-block__text t-links-underlined-hover"> <h3 class="has-tiny-btm-marg"> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/06/24/texas-ercot-power-plants-offline/" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="read more" ga-event-action="curated" ga-event-label="story page"> <strong>Some Texas power plants unexpectedly went offline last week. The grid operator says it still doesn’t know why</strong> </a> </h3> <p class="t-byline t-uppercase t-lsp-b t-sans t-size-xs has-text-gray-dark is-hidden-until-bp-m"> <time class="t-byline__item l-display-ib" datetime="Thu, 24 Jun 2021 05:00:00 -0500"> June 24, 2021 </time> </p> </header> <figure class="c-story-block__image-wrap is-hidden-until-bp-m"> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/06/24/texas-ercot-power-plants-offline/" class="l-display-block" tabindex="-1" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="read more" ga-event-action="curated" ga-event-label="story page"> <div class="c-image"> <div class="c-image__placeholder has-bg-white-off"> <noscript> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/JGDxNFZhvyfqnFmciju4e19J320=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005" alt="Scenes from the Seaholm Power Plant in Austin on June 21, 2021." class="c-image__img l-width-full l-display-block did-load"> </noscript> <picture> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/L4py_IXL2k7LveGxYktDynW3p0s=/3000x2010/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 3000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/v1FvylEVCQrWNhlISyjiQItbWQo=/2500x1675/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 2500w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/Q4Y_u5llQVLuVYQdPYR9V17uvkI=/1550x1038/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 1550w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/0ESV2nfwDGFgeNSTG6U3I10qujg=/1200x804/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 1200w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/vgjCeMJRFQs2jLWCtZLqYlVSItw=/1000x670/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 1000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/K3CrxhODNbea0__JxMLTM-PuykU=/850x570/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 850w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/K5JE8yU2M60eWjN6QtP0GMXOan8=/640x429/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/ny3N1uw5EX1FycHEKJij3v7td8Q=/375x251/smart/filters:format(webp):quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 375w" type="image/webp"> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/z-7z38MDqJFjoTPetP9P_bgpJhA=/3000x2010/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 3000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/FwY40CAesYx5pjOA56DqYDoO2AU=/2500x1675/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 2500w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/E3vXC4mtlJQIsqu8809cyX3XSW4=/1550x1038/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 1550w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/-OjF4j2hbb1wBSOfWZB-d5RLhnQ=/1200x804/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 1200w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/laePbyjVL7AQoOUz03X3z0ZN7Qc=/1000x670/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 1000w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/JGDxNFZhvyfqnFmciju4e19J320=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 850w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/3Ou_lc_OGtL7LWw6p6stSd-lG5g=/640x429/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 640w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028im_/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/wP8GHQXIoWMW-AJoJf9R2x951_w=/375x251/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005 375w"> <img data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://thumbnails.texastribune.org/JGDxNFZhvyfqnFmciju4e19J320=/850x570/smart/filters:quality(75)/https://static.texastribune.org/media/files/85f11699d24b7423b7baa132721eeb21/Seaholm%20Power%20Plant%202%20SP%20TT%2005" alt="Scenes from the Seaholm Power Plant in Austin on June 21, 2021." class="js-lazy-image js-lazy-image--target c-image__img" data-sizes="auto"> </picture> </div> </div> </a> </figure> </article> </li> </ul> <div id="ad-unit-211" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-fluid"></div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="c-plugin c-plugin--default c-plugin--narrow "> <div class="c-plugin__inner"> <div class="has-vert-bar has-vert-bar--padded-xxl has-vert-bar--thin has-text-yellow"> <h2 class="t-headline t-serif t-lh-s t-size-l has-b-btm-marg has-text-black-off">Quality journalism doesn't come free</h2> <p class="t-size-b t-serif t-links-underlined has-b-btm-marg has-text-black-off">Perhaps it goes without saying — but producing quality journalism isn't cheap. At a time when newsroom resources and revenue across the country are declining, The Texas Tribune remains committed to sustaining our <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about">mission</a>: creating a more engaged and informed Texas with every story we cover, every event we convene and every newsletter we send. As a nonprofit newsroom, we rely on members to help keep our stories free and our events open to the public. Do you value our journalism? Show us with your support.</p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://support.texastribune.org/donate?installmentPeriod=yearly&amount=150&campaignId=701460000007V3QAAU#join-today" class="c-button has-bg-yellow has-text-black-off l-display-block has-b-btm-marg" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="donations" ga-event-action="membership-intent" ga-event-label="story-cta-button"><span class="t-size-s">Yes, I'll donate today</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </article> </main> <aside class="c-story-bottom has-bg-white-off has-giant-btm-marg" aria-label="Latest Texas Tribune events and articles"> <h2 class="is-sr-only">Latest Texas Tribune events and articles</h2> <div class="l-container l-container--xxl has-m-btm-marg is-hidden-print"> <div id="rug"> <div class="c-rug"> <div class="c-rug__featured"> <section aria-label="Upcoming events"> <h3 class="is-sr-only">Upcoming events</h3> <p class="is-sr-only">Loading content …</p> <div aria-hidden="true">  <svg aria-labelledby="block-loader-3718" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 300" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="block-loader-3718">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#block-loader-clip-9023)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#block-loader-gradient-4452");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="block-loader-clip-9023"> <circle cx="30" cy="258" r="30"></circle> <rect x="75" y="233" rx="4" ry="4" width="35%" height="13"></rect> <rect x="75" y="260" rx="4" ry="4" width="20%" height="8"></rect> <rect x="0" y="210" rx="5" ry="5" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="5" ry="5" width="100%" height="200"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="block-loader-gradient-4452"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="c-block-grid">  <svg aria-labelledby="block-loader-699" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 300" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="block-loader-699">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#block-loader-clip-9891)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#block-loader-gradient-9616");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="block-loader-clip-9891"> <circle cx="30" cy="258" r="30"></circle> <rect x="75" y="233" rx="4" ry="4" width="35%" height="13"></rect> <rect x="75" y="260" rx="4" ry="4" width="20%" height="8"></rect> <rect x="0" y="210" rx="5" ry="5" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="5" ry="5" width="100%" height="200"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="block-loader-gradient-9616"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg>  <svg aria-labelledby="block-loader-8189" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 300" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="block-loader-8189">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#block-loader-clip-2622)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#block-loader-gradient-7122");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="block-loader-clip-2622"> <circle cx="30" cy="258" r="30"></circle> <rect x="75" y="233" rx="4" ry="4" width="35%" height="13"></rect> <rect x="75" y="260" rx="4" ry="4" width="20%" height="8"></rect> <rect x="0" y="210" rx="5" ry="5" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="5" ry="5" width="100%" height="200"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="block-loader-gradient-7122"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="c-rug__reporters"> <section aria-label="Latest from our reporters"> <h3 class="is-sr-only">Latest from our reporters</h3> <p class="is-sr-only">Loading content …</p> <div aria-hidden="true">  <svg aria-labelledby="list-loader-4635" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 130" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="list-loader-4635">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#list-loader-clip-7612)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#list-loader-gradient-8682");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="list-loader-clip-7612"> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="20" rx="3" ry="3" width="90%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="40" rx="3" ry="3" width="70%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="60" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="80" rx="3" ry="3" width="80%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="100" rx="3" ry="3" width="20%" height="10"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="list-loader-gradient-8682"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg>  <svg aria-labelledby="list-loader-5023" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 130" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="list-loader-5023">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#list-loader-clip-6982)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#list-loader-gradient-6502");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="list-loader-clip-6982"> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="20" rx="3" ry="3" width="90%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="40" rx="3" ry="3" width="70%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="60" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="80" rx="3" ry="3" width="80%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="100" rx="3" ry="3" width="20%" height="10"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="list-loader-gradient-6502"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg>  <svg aria-labelledby="list-loader-1094" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 130" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="list-loader-1094">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#list-loader-clip-7442)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#list-loader-gradient-5757");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="list-loader-clip-7442"> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="20" rx="3" ry="3" width="90%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="40" rx="3" ry="3" width="70%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="60" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="80" rx="3" ry="3" width="80%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="100" rx="3" ry="3" width="20%" height="10"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="list-loader-gradient-5757"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg>  <svg aria-labelledby="list-loader-8483" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 130" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="list-loader-8483">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#list-loader-clip-5571)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#list-loader-gradient-898");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="list-loader-clip-5571"> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="20" rx="3" ry="3" width="90%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="40" rx="3" ry="3" width="70%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="60" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="80" rx="3" ry="3" width="80%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="100" rx="3" ry="3" width="20%" height="10"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="list-loader-gradient-898"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg>  <svg aria-labelledby="list-loader-5957" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 130" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="list-loader-5957">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#list-loader-clip-5306)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#list-loader-gradient-3868");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="list-loader-clip-5306"> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="20" rx="3" ry="3" width="90%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="40" rx="3" ry="3" width="70%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="60" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="80" rx="3" ry="3" width="80%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="100" rx="3" ry="3" width="20%" height="10"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="list-loader-gradient-3868"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg>  <svg aria-labelledby="list-loader-5202" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 130" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="list-loader-5202">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#list-loader-clip-6693)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#list-loader-gradient-126");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="list-loader-clip-6693"> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="20" rx="3" ry="3" width="90%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="40" rx="3" ry="3" width="70%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="60" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="80" rx="3" ry="3" width="80%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="100" rx="3" ry="3" width="20%" height="10"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="list-loader-gradient-126"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg>  <svg aria-labelledby="list-loader-6839" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 130" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="list-loader-6839">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#list-loader-clip-6701)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#list-loader-gradient-8899");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="list-loader-clip-6701"> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="20" rx="3" ry="3" width="90%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="40" rx="3" ry="3" width="70%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="60" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="80" rx="3" ry="3" width="80%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="100" rx="3" ry="3" width="20%" height="10"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="list-loader-gradient-8899"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg>  <svg aria-labelledby="list-loader-3518" role="img" viewbox="0 0 400 130" style="max-width: 100%;"> <title id="list-loader-3518">Loading indicator</title> <rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#list-loader-clip-6022)" style="fill: url("/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#list-loader-gradient-3689");"></rect> <defs role="presentation"> <clippath id="list-loader-clip-6022"> <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="20" rx="3" ry="3" width="90%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="40" rx="3" ry="3" width="70%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="0" y="60" rx="3" ry="3" width="100%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="80" rx="3" ry="3" width="80%" height="10"></rect> <rect x="20" y="100" rx="3" ry="3" width="20%" height="10"></rect> </clippath> <lineargradient id="list-loader-gradient-3689"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="50%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d0d0d0" stop-opacity="1"></stop> </lineargradient> </defs> </svg> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="grid_separator has-giant-btm-marg"> <div id="ad-unit-4397" class="js-ad-unit"> <div class="c-ad-ldbd-then-cube"> <div class="c-ad-ldbd-then-cube__unit"></div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="site_footer" class="c-site-footer has-bg-black-off has-text-white t-size-xs"> <div class="l-container grid_container c-site-footer__inner c-site-footer__inner--standard"> <div class="c-site-footer__col c-site-footer__col--1"> <span class="c-icon c-icon--yellow c-site-footer__logo has-giant-btm-marg" style="font-size: 4rem;"> <svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#bug"></use></svg> </span> <div class="border--yellow_notch has-notch has-notch--thin has-bg-yellow has-b-btm-marg"></div> <ul class="c-site-footer__links c-site-footer__links--standard"> <li class="has-text-blue">  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://support.texastribune.org/donate?installmentPeriod=once&amount=60" title="Donate" class="donate" ga-on="click" ga-event-category="donations" ga-event-action="membership-intent" ga-event-label="footer">Donate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/contact/" title="Contact Us" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="contact us">Contact Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://mediakit.texastribune.org/" title="Advertise" class="advertise" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="advertise">Advertise</a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="copyright">© 2021 The Texas Tribune</a></li> </ul> </div> <section id="footer-sections" class="hide_until--m is-hidden-until-bp-m c-site-footer__col c-site-footer__col--2"> <h2 class="c-site-footer__header t-size-xs has-text-yellow t-uppercase has-xxs-btm-marg"> Topics </h2> <ul class="c-site-footer__links c-site-footer__links--standard"> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/congress/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="Congress"> Congress </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/courts/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="courts"> Courts </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/criminal-justice/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="criminal justice"> Criminal justice </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/demographics/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="demographics"> Demographics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/economy/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="economy"> Economy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/energy/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="energy"> Energy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/environment/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="environment"> Environment </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/health-care/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="health care"> Health care </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/higher-education/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="higher education"> Higher education </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/immigration/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="immigration"> Immigration </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/politics/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="politics"> Politics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/public-education/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="public education"> Public education </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/state-government/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="state government"> State government </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/transportation/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="transportation"> Transportation </a> </li> <li><a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/topics/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="topics">View all</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="c-site-footer__col c-site-footer__col--3"> <h2 class="c-site-footer__header t-size-xs has-text-yellow t-uppercase has-xxs-btm-marg"><span class="is-sr-only">Company </span>Info</h2> <ul class="c-site-footer__links c-site-footer__links--standard"> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/" title="About Us" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="about us">About Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/staff/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="our staff">Our Staff</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/jobs/" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="jobs">Jobs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/support-us/donors-and-members/" title="Who Funds Us?" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="who funds us">Who Funds Us?</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/texas-tribune-strategic-plan/" title="Strategic Plan" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="strategic plan">Strategic Plan</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/republishing-guidelines/" title="Republishing Guidelines" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="republishing guidelines">Republishing Guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/ethics/" title="Code of Ethics" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="code of ethics">Code of Ethics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/terms-of-service/" title="Terms of Service" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="terms of service">Terms of Service</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/privacy-policy/" title="Privacy Policy" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/tips/" title="Send a Tip" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="send us a confidential tip">Send us a confidential tip</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/corrections/" title="Corrections" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="corrections">Corrections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/feeds/" title="Feeds" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="feeds">Feeds</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/about/subscribe/" title="Newsletters" ga-event-category="subscribe intent" ga-event-action="footer link">Newsletters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/audio/" title="Audio" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="audio">Audio</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/video/" title="Video" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="video">Video</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="c-site-footer__col c-site-footer__col--4"> <h2 class="c-site-footer__header t-size-xs has-text-yellow t-uppercase has-xxs-btm-marg">Social Media</h2> <ul class="c-site-footer__links c-site-footer__links--standard"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://facebook.com/texastribune" title="Facebook" class="external" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="facebook"><span class="c-icon c-icon--baseline c-site-footer__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#facebook"></use></svg></span> Facebook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://twitter.com/texastribune" title="Twitter" class="external" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="twitter"><span class="c-icon c-icon--baseline c-site-footer__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#twitter"></use></svg></span> Twitter</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://youtube.com/user/thetexastribune?sub_confirmation=1" title="YouTube" class="external" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="youtube"><span class="c-icon c-icon--baseline c-site-footer__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#youtube"></use></svg></span> YouTube</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://instagram.com/texas_tribune" title="Instagram" class="external" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="instagram"><span class="c-icon c-icon--baseline c-site-footer__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#instagram"></use></svg></span> Instagram</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.linkedin.com/company/texas-tribune" title="LinkedIn" class="external" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="linkedin"><span class="c-icon c-icon--baseline c-site-footer__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#linkedin"></use></svg></span> LinkedIn</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.reddit.com/user/texastribune" title="Reddit" class="external has-xxs-btm-marg l-display-ib" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="reddit"><span class="c-icon c-icon--baseline c-site-footer__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#reddit"></use></svg></span> Reddit</a> </li> <li><div class="border--yellow_notch has-notch has-notch--thin has-bg-yellow has-s-btm-marg"></div></li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://www.facebook.com/groups/thisisyourtexas/" title="This is Your Texas" class="external" ga-event-category="navigation" ga-event-action="footer link click" ga-event-label="this is your texas"><span class="c-icon c-icon--baseline c-site-footer__icon"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20211125034028im_/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/16/texas-electricity-grid-extreme-weather-preparation/#your-texas"></use></svg></span> Join our Facebook Group, This Is Your Texas.</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div>   <div class="flatblock block-message-bar-here"> <div class="flatblock-content"><style> .db-bar-frame{ font-family: "Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; width:100%; z-index:2; } .db-height-tracker { visibility:visible; will-change:transition; } .db-height-tracker.animation-top { max-height:500px; transition:margin-top .3s ease-in-out 0ms; } .js .db-frame-pinned { display:block; position:fixed; left:0; max-height:0; overflow:hidden; width:100%; z-index:4; zoom:1; } .db-frame-pinned.top { top:0; } .db-frame-pinned.top.opened { max-height:500px; } .db-frame-pinned.top.opened.animation-top { animation:.3s ease-in-out 0s slideInFromTop; } .db-frame-pinned.bottom { bottom:0; } .db-frame-pinned.bottom.opened { max-height:500px; } .db-frame-pinned.bottom.opened.animation-bottom { animation:.3s ease-in-out 0s slideInFromBottom; } .db-cancel-button { background-color:inherit; border-width:0; box-shadow:none; cursor:pointer; font-size:2em; font-weight:normal; line-height:.75em; margin-left: 15px; opacity:.75; padding:5px; position:absolute; right:5px; text-align:right; text-decoration:none; width:25px; z-index:1; } .db-cancel-button:focus { font-weight:normal; opacity:1; outline:0; } .db-engage-button { box-shadow:none; display:inline-block; margin-right: 1em; white-space:nowrap; z-index:2; } .db-engage-button p { margin:.2em .8em; } .db-flex-wrap { padding:7px 5px 7px 5px; } @media (min-width:768px){ .db-flex-wrap { align-items:center; clear:both; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:center; margin:0; } .db-engage-button { margin-top:0; } } .db-col-inline { flex:0 1 auto; letter-spacing:.2em; margin:5px 15px 5px 15px; vertical-align: middle; z-index:1 } .db-col-inline a { border-bottom:1px solid #a1d2df; color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } @keyframes slideInFromTop { 0% { transform:translateY(-100%); -webkit-transform:translateY(-100%); } 100% { transform:translateY(0); -webkit-transform:translateY(0); } } @-webkit-keyframes slideInFromTop { 0% { transform:translateY(-100%); -webkit-transform:translateY(-100%); } 100% { transform:translateY(0); -webkit-transform:translateY(0); } } @keyframes slideInFromBottom { 0% { opacity:.25; transform:translateY(100%); -webkit-transform:translateY(100%); } 100% { opacity:1; } } @-webkit-keyframes slideInFromBottom { 0% { opacity:.25; transform:translateY(100%); -webkit-transform:translateY(100%); } 100% { opacity:1; } } </style> <style> .template-bar-frame{ background-color:#348094; } .template-cancel-button{ color:#FFFFFF; } .template-flex-wrap{ padding:12px; text-align:center; } .template-col-inline{ color:#FFFFFF; font-size:18px; letter-spacing:0.02em; text-transform:none; font-weight:bold; line-height: 1.5em; } .template-col-inline a{ } .template-col-inline span { font-family: "Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-transform:uppercase; } .template-engage-button{ align-items:center; background-color:#A1D2DF; border-radius:0; border-width:0; text-decoration:none; } .template-engage-button p{ color:#000000; font-size:13px; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:0.04em; padding:.3em; text-transform:uppercase; vertical-align:middle; } </style> <script> (function (document, window) { const TOOL_PREVIEW_ON=true; const msgBarLoader=function (el, cfg){ "use strict"; var elBnr, elVertSpace, sets, elHTML=document.documentElement, barOpen; const VSPC_DIV_ID='vert-spacer'; const ANIM_SEEN_CKIE ='mb_animation_seen=true'; const ANIM_SEEN_WB_STORE ='mb_animation_seen'; const UI_USE_CKIE='ck'; const UI_USE_WBSTORE='ws'; const ANIM_ONCE='once'; const ANIM_ALWAYS='always'; const PIN_BOTTOM ='bottom'; const PIN_TOP ='top'; const PIN_PLATFORM='platform'; const PIN_PLATFORM_BRKPOINT=768; const COOKIE_NAME='_tt_msgbar='; const dataLayer=window.dataLayer || []; const CANCEL_ELEMENT_ID='cancel-click'; const ENGAGE_ELEMENT_ID='engage-click'; const DB_TEMPLATE_LITERAL = `<div id="${cfg.mbId}" class="db-bar-frame template-bar-frame" > <button class="db-cancel-button template-cancel-button"> \t× </button> <div class="db-flex-wrap template-flex-wrap"> <h4 class="db-col-inline template-col-inline"> <span class="">${cfg.barPrefixText}</span>${cfg.mbBarTextFinalEncode} </h4> <a id=${ENGAGE_ELEMENT_ID} href="${cfg.btnURL}" class="db-engage-button template-engage-button" ga-event-category="${cfg.mbGAEvtCat}" ga-event-action="${cfg.mbGAEvtAct}"> <p>${cfg.btnText}</p> </a> </div> </div>`; const storeUIState=function(type) { var store; try { store=window[type]; var x='__storage_test__'; store.setItem(x, x); store.removeItem(x); return { tempStorage: UI_USE_WBSTORE, seen: function () { if (sessionStorage.getItem(ANIM_SEEN_WB_STORE)) { return true; } else { return false; } }, setSeen: function() { sessionStorage.setItem(ANIM_SEEN_WB_STORE, true) } }; } catch (e) { return { tempStorage: UI_USE_CKIE, seen: function () { if (document.cookie.indexOf(ANIM_SEEN_CKIE) == -1) { return false; } else { return true; } }, setSeen: function () { document.cookie=ANIM_SEEN_CKIE + '; expires=0; path=/;'; } }; } }; function pinBasedOnPlatform(choice) { switch (choice) { case PIN_TOP: case PIN_BOTTOM: return choice; case PIN_PLATFORM: if (window.innerWidth < PIN_PLATFORM_BRKPOINT) { return PIN_BOTTOM; } else { return PIN_TOP; } default: return PIN_TOP; } } var addEvent=function (el, evt, fn, bubble) { if ("addEventListener" in el) { el.addEventListener(evt, fn, bubble); } else if ("attachEvent" in el) { if (typeof fn === "object" && fn.handleEvent) { el.attachEvent("on" + evt, function () { fn.handleEvent.call(fn); }); } else { el.attachEvent("on" + evt, fn); } } }, setAttributes=function (el, attrs) { for (var key in attrs) { el.setAttribute(key, attrs[key]); } }, addClass=function (el, cls) { if (el.className.indexOf(cls) !== 0) { el.className += " " + cls; el.className=el.className.replace(/(^\s*)|(\s*$)/g,""); } }, removeClass=function (el, cls) { var reg=new RegExp("(\\s|^)" + cls + "(\\s|$)"); el.className=el.className.replace(reg, " ").replace(/(^\s*)|(\s*$)/g,""); }, forEach=function (array, callback, scope) { for (var i=0; i < array.length; i++) { callback.call(scope, i, array[i]); } }; const addAnimClass=function(elBnr, pinnedTo, elSpacing) { addClass(elBnr, "animation-" + pinnedTo); addClass(elVertSpace,"animation-"+pinnedTo); elSpacing.style.cssText=`margin-top: 0 ${elBnr.offsetHeight}px;`; }; const removeAnimClass=function(elBnr, pinnedTo, elSpacing) { removeClass(elBnr, "animation-" + pinnedTo); removeClass(elVertSpace,"animation-"+pinnedTo); elSpacing.style.cssText=`margin-top: 0 ${elBnr.offsetHeight}px;`; }; const MsgBarControl=function (el, cfg) { this.cfg={ UIStateVal: storeUIState('sessionStorage'), openPos: "relative", animate: cfg.barAnimate, barPin: pinBasedOnPlatform(cfg.barPinTo), barClass: "db-frame-pinned " + pinBasedOnPlatform(cfg.barPinTo), barActiveClass: "js-bar-active", jsClass: "js", close: function(){}, }; for (let i in cfg) { this.cfg[i]=cfg[i]; } addClass(elHTML, this.cfg.jsClass); this.wrapper=document.getElementById("body"); sets=this.cfg; this.el=el.replace("#", ""); this._init(this); }; MsgBarControl.prototype={ setCookie: function (){ const endDate=new Date(cfg.mbEndDatetimeEncoded).toUTCString(); document.cookie=COOKIE_NAME+cfg.mbCookie+'; expires='+endDate+'; path=/;isSession=false;'; }, engage: function () { this.close(); }, cancel: function () { dataLayer.push({ event: cfg.mbGADLPushEvent, gaAction: cfg.mbGADLPushCloseAction, }); this.close(); }, close: function () { if (barOpen) { removeClass(elBnr, "opened"); addClass(elBnr, "closed"); setAttributes(elBnr, {"aria-hidden": "true"}); } else { elBnr.style.position="absolute"; } barOpen=false; this.resize(); this.setCookie(); sets.close(); }, resize: function () { if (window.getComputedStyle(elBnr, null).getPropertyValue("display") !== "none") { removeClass(elVertSpace,"animation-top" ); this._transitions(); setAttributes(elBnr, {"aria-hidden": "false"}); if (elBnr.className.match(/(^|\s)closed(\s|$)/)) { setAttributes(elBnr, {"aria-hidden": "true"}); elBnr.style.position="absolute"; } this._calcHeight(); } }, handleEvent: function (e) { var evt=e || window.event; switch (evt.type) { case "resize": this.resize(evt); break; case "focus": case "click": break; } }, _init: function () { let elExists=document.querySelector(this.el+'.db-frame-pinned'); if (!elExists){ elBnr=document.createElement(this.el); } else { elExists.nextSibling.remove(); elExists.remove(); elBnr=document.createElement(this.el); } document.body.insertBefore(elBnr, document.body.firstChild); elBnr.innerHTML=DB_TEMPLATE_LITERAL; addClass(elBnr, sets.barClass); addClass(elBnr, "opened"); setAttributes(elBnr, {"aria-hidden": "false"}); elVertSpace=document.createElement("div"); elVertSpace.setAttribute("id", VSPC_DIV_ID); addClass(elVertSpace, "db-height-tracker "); elBnr.parentNode.insertBefore(elVertSpace, elBnr.nextSibling); barOpen=true; addEvent(window, "focus", this, false); addEvent(window, "resize", this, false); addEvent(elBnr, "click", this, false); this._closeOnClick(); this.resize(); }, _closeOnClick: function () { let cancelActionEls=elBnr.getElementsByClassName("db-cancel-button"); let thisCancel=this; forEach(cancelActionEls, function (i) { addEvent(cancelActionEls[i], "click", function () { thisCancel.cancel(); }, false); }, this ); let links=elBnr.getElementsByTagName("a"); let thisLink=this; forEach(links, function (i) { addEvent(links[i], "click", function () { thisLink.engage(links[i].getAttribute("href")); }, true); }, this ); }, _transitions: function () { switch (sets.animate) { case ANIM_ONCE: if (!sets.UIStateVal.seen()) { sets.UIStateVal.setSeen(); addAnimClass(elBnr, sets.barPin, elVertSpace); } else { removeAnimClass(elBnr, sets.barPin, elVertSpace); } break; case ANIM_ALWAYS: if (!elBnr.classList.contains("animation-top") && !elBnr.classList.contains("animation-bottom")){ addAnimClass(elBnr, sets.barPin, elVertSpace); } break; default: removeAnimClass(elBnr, sets.barPin, elVertSpace); break; } }, _calcHeight: function () { if (sets.barPin === PIN_TOP) { elVertSpace.style.marginTop=elBnr.offsetHeight+"px"; } } }; return new MsgBarControl(el, cfg); }; function launchIfCampaignActive(cfg){ let nowDateTimeObj=new Date(); if ( ((Date.parse(cfg.mbStartDatetimeEncoded) <= nowDateTimeObj) & (nowDateTimeObj <= Date.parse(cfg.mbEndDatetimeEncoded) ) & (document.cookie.indexOf(cfg.mbCookie)== -1) )){ msgBarLoader("aside", cfg); } } const cfg={ styleTemplate:'Membership', mbSimulcast:'No', barPrefixText:'', btnText:'Give Now', btnURL:'https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://support.texastribune.org/donate?installmentPeriod=once&amount=60&campaignID=7016f0000023JjbAAE', barAnimate:'always', barPinTo:'platform', mbCookie:'eoy21-warmup', mbId:'message-bar-id', mbGAEvtCat:'message bar', mbGAEvtAct:'cta', mbGADLPushCloseAction:'close', mbGADLPushEvent:'customMessageBar', mbMobileOnly:'No', mbDesktopOnly:'No', mbStartDatetimeEncoded:'2021/11/23 06:30', mbEndDatetimeEncoded:'2021/11/26 22:00', mbBarTextFinalEncode:'Feeling thankful for our reporting? Support our nonprofit newsroom with a donation today.', MB_VERSION:1637628022985}; launchIfCampaignActive(cfg); if (typeof module !== "undefined" && module.exports) { module.exports=msgBarLoader; } else { window.msgBarLoader=msgBarLoader; } }(document, window, 0)); </script></div> </div> </footer> <script defer src="/web/20211125034028js_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/build/runtime.1f3b6efc36fc4b5f3e29.js"></script> <script defer src="/web/20211125034028js_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/build/2.chunk.2432d684ff8751acf671.js"></script> <script defer src="/web/20211125034028js_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/build/4.chunk.3a07325ff3221cc60c8a.js"></script> <script defer src="/web/20211125034028js_/https://www.texastribune.org/static/build/content.chunk.1070f2265aea450f8ce2.js"></script>  <div id="parsely-root" style="display: none"> <div id="parsely-cfg" data-parsely-site="texastribune.org"></div> </div> <script> (function(s, p, d) { var h=d.location.protocol, i=p+"-"+s, e=d.getElementById(i), r=d.getElementById(p+"-root"), u=h==="https:"?"d1z2jf7jlzjs58.cloudfront.net" :"static."+p+".com"; if (e) return; e = d.createElement(s); e.id = i; e.async = true; e.src = h+"//"+u+"/p.js"; r.appendChild(e); })("script", "parsely", document); </script>  <a href="/web/20211125034028/https://www.texastribune.org/test/hotbots/" aria-hidden="true" rel="nofollow" tabindex="-1"> </a> <script> (function() { var gutenTags = [], authors = [], series = []; gutenTags.push('subject-environment'); gutenTags.push('subject-state-government'); gutenTags.push('organization-electric-reliability-council-of-texas'); gutenTags.push('organization-texas-public-utility-commission'); gutenTags.push('subject-climate'); authors.push('erin-douglas'); var updates = { contentId: 38722, authors: authors, pageType: 'article', gutenTags: gutenTags, series: series }; Object.keys(updates).forEach(function(key) { window.ttGlobal[key] = updates[key]; }); }()); </script> <script> window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { jsBundle.buildGreeting(); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '5797', slot: 'roofline', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildCopyLink({ ariaLabel: 'Copy link to this page', ga: { label: 'Share Button Row' }, isMinimal: false, selectorSuffix: '7704', urlPath: '/2021/08/16/texas\u002Delectricity\u002Dgrid\u002Dextreme\u002Dweather\u002Dpreparation/?utm_source\u003Darticleshare\u0026utm_medium\u003Dsocial' }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '5514', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildSignUp({ interestId: '20c921ee0a', selectorSuffix: '9768', isAuto: true, logoUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034028/https://static.texastribune.org/media/newsletters/TT-subscription-email-notification.jpg', title: 'The Brief', description: 'Keep tabs on Texas politics and policy with our morning newsletter', display: { isVertical: false, bgColor: '#ffffff', }, gaLabel: "story page" }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '9332', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '932', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '1846', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '9644', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '5518', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '3106', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '6309', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '3751', slot: 'flex', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '211', slot: 'paidPost', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildRug({ featuredType: 'UpcomingEvents', ga: { label: 'story page' } }); jsBundle.buildAdUnit({ selectorSuffix: '4397', slot: 'footer', collapseOnFail: true }); jsBundle.buildLazyImages(); jsBundle.makeVidsResponsive(); }); </script> </body> </html>