CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dolby - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"19e7599f-f7a2-4348-852a-9db27ce6a045","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dolby","wgTitle":"Dolby","wgCurRevisionId":1273957466,"wgRevisionId":1273957466,"wgArticleId":450085,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles lacking reliable references from April 2012","All articles lacking reliable references","Use mdy dates from October 2019","Use American English from October 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023","OpenCorporates groupings","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Dolby Laboratories","Audio codecs","Digital audio","Film sound production","High dynamic range","Electronics companies of the United States","Entertainment companies based in California","Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area","Companies based in San Francisco","American companies established in 1965","Electronics companies established in 1965","Technology companies established in 1965","1965 establishments in England","Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange","2005 initial public offerings","Companies in the S\u0026P 400"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Dolby","wgRelevantArticleId":450085,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgRedirectedFrom":"Dolby_Laboratories","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Dolby","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q261288","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg/1200px-Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg/800px-Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg/640px-Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Dolby - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dolby rootpage-Dolby skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dolby" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dolby" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dolby" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dolby" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technologies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technologies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technologies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analog_audio_noise_reduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analog_audio_noise_reduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Analog audio noise reduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analog_audio_noise_reduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audio_encoding/compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio_encoding/compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Audio encoding/compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio_encoding/compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audio_processing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio_processing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Audio processing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio_processing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_processing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_processing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Video processing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_processing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Digital cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Live_sound" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Live_sound"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Live sound</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Live_sound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolby_matrix_surround_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_matrix_surround_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dolby matrix surround systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_matrix_surround_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolby_discrete_surround_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_discrete_surround_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dolby discrete surround systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_discrete_surround_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ATSC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ATSC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>ATSC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ATSC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dolby</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="دولبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="آزمایشگاه دالبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزمایشگاه دالبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EB%B9%84_%EB%9E%98%EB%B2%84%EB%9F%AC%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="돌비 래버러토리스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돌비 래버러토리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡോൾബി ലബോറട്ടറീസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡോൾബി ലബോറട്ടറീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ドルビーラボラトリーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドルビーラボラトリーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dolby" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5" title="ดอลบี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอลบี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dolby Laboratories" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="杜比實驗室 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="杜比實驗室" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="杜比實驗室 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杜比實驗室" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q261288#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dolby" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dolby" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dolby"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dolby"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Dolby" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Dolby" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&oldid=1273957466" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Dolby&id=1273957466&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDolby"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDolby"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dolby&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dolby_Laboratories,_Inc." hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q261288" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Laboratories&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Audio technology company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dolby_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dolby (disambiguation)">Dolby (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this article by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dolby%22">"Dolby"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dolby%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dolby%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dolby%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dolby%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dolby%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Dolby Laboratories, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby_logo_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dolby_logo_2019.svg/220px-Dolby_logo_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dolby_logo_2019.svg/330px-Dolby_logo_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dolby_logo_2019.svg/440px-Dolby_logo_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby_Laboratories,_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_(TK1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg/250px-Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg/375px-Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg/500px-Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5760" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DLB">DLB</a> (Class A)</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_400" title="S&P 400">S&P 400</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression#Audio" title="Data compression">Audio encoding/compression</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_noise_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio noise reduction">Audio noise reduction</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">May 18, 1965<span class="noprint">; 59 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1965-05-18</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dolby" title="Ray Dolby">Ray Dolby</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Civic_Center,_San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic Center, San Francisco, California">Civic Center, San Francisco, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data">30+ (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Peter Gotcher</li><li>(<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">executive chairman</a>)</li><li>Kevin Yeaman</li><li>(<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a> and <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">see <a href="#Technologies">Technologies</a> <ul><li><b>Organizations</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Brands</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic" title="Dolby Pro Logic">Dolby Surround/Pro Logic/Pro Logic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_SR" title="Dolby SR">Dolby SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround_7.1" title="Dolby Surround 7.1">Dolby Surround 7.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise-reduction_system" title="Dolby noise-reduction system">Dolby noise-reduction system</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Cinema" title="Dolby Cinema">Dolby Cinema</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>1.27 billion</span> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$258 million (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$262 million (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$3.11 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$2.48 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,080 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Audistry</li><li><a href="/wiki/Doremi_Labs" title="Doremi Labs">Doremi Labs</a></li><li>Via Licensing</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dolby.com">dolby<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-financials_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-financials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dolby Laboratories, Inc.</b> (often shortened to <b>Dolby Labs</b> and known simply as <b>Dolby</b>) is a British-American technology corporation specializing in <a href="/wiki/Audio_noise_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio noise reduction">audio noise reduction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audio_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio data compression">audio encoding/compression</a>, spatial audio, and <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_television" title="High-dynamic-range television">HDR</a> imaging. Dolby <a href="/wiki/License" title="License">licenses</a> its technologies to <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolby Labs was founded by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Dolby" title="Ray Dolby">Ray Dolby</a> (1933–2013) in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England, in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, he invented the <a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise-reduction_system" title="Dolby noise-reduction system">Dolby Noise Reduction system</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">audio signal processing</a> for reducing the background hissing sound on <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">cassette tape</a> recordings.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first U.S. patent on the technology was filed in 1969, four years later. The method was first used by <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this, other companies began purchasing Dolby’s A301 technology, which was the professional noise reduction system used in recording, motion picture, broadcasting stations and communications networks.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These companies include <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pye_Records" title="Pye Records">Pye</a>, IBC, CBS Studios, RCA, and Granada.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He moved the company headquarters to the United States (<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California) in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-dolby-history_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dolby-history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first product Dolby Labs produced was the Dolby 301 unit which incorporated Type A Dolby Noise Reduction, a <a href="/wiki/Compander" class="mw-redirect" title="Compander">compander</a>-based noise reduction system.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These units were intended for use in professional recording studios. </p><p>Dolby was persuaded by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kloss" title="Henry Kloss">Henry Kloss</a> of <a href="/wiki/KLH_(company)" title="KLH (company)">KLH</a> to manufacture a consumer version of his noise reduction. Dolby worked more on companding systems and introduced Type B in 1968. </p><p>Dolby also sought to improve film sound. As the corporation's history explains:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dd>Upon investigation, Dolby found that many of the limitations in <a href="/wiki/Optical_sound" title="Optical sound">optical sound</a> stemmed directly from its significantly high background noise. To filter this noise, the high-frequency response of theatre playback systems was deliberately curtailed… To make matters worse, to increase dialogue intelligibility over such systems, sound mixers were recording soundtracks with so much high-frequency pre-emphasis that high distortion resulted.</dd></dl> <p>The first film with Dolby sound was <i><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a></i> (1971). The company was approached by Stanley Kubrick, who wanted to use Dolby’s noise reduction system to facilitate the film’s extensive mixing.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film went on to use Dolby noise reduction on all pre-mixes and masters, but a conventional optical soundtrack on release prints. <i><a href="/wiki/Callan_(film)" title="Callan (film)">Callan</a></i> (1974) was the first film with a Dolby-encoded optical soundtrack.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, Dolby released <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a>, which included a noise reduction system in addition to more audio channels (Dolby Stereo could actually contain additional center and surround channels matrixed from the left and right). The first film with a Dolby-encoded stereo optical soundtrack was <i><a href="/wiki/Lisztomania_(film)" title="Lisztomania (film)">Lisztomania</a></i> (1975), although this only used an LCR (Left-Center-Right) encoding technique. The first true LCRS (Left-Center-Right-Surround) soundtrack was encoded on the movie <i><a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1976_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1976 film)">A Star Is Born</a></i> in 1976. In less than ten years, 6,000 cinemas worldwide were equipped to use Dolby Stereo sound. Dolby reworked the system slightly for home use and introduced <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Surround">Dolby Surround</a>, which only extracted a surround channel, and the more impressive <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic" title="Dolby Pro Logic">Dolby Pro Logic</a>, which was the domestic equivalent of the theatrical Dolby Stereo.<sup id="cite_ref-StarWars_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarWars-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, Dolby's stereo 4-channel optical theater surround was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/TECnology_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="TECnology Hall of Fame">TECnology Hall of Fame</a>, an honor given to "products and innovations that have had an enduring impact on the development of audio technology."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dolby developed a digital <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio data compression">compression</a> scheme for the cinema. Dolby Stereo Digital (now simply called <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a>) was first featured on the 1992 film <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a></i>. Introduced to the home theater market as <a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby AC-3">Dolby AC-3</a> with the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Laserdisc" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">laserdisc</a> release of <i><a href="/wiki/Clear_and_Present_Danger_(film)" title="Clear and Present Danger (film)">Clear and Present Danger</a></i>, the format did not become widespread in the consumer market, partly because of extra hardware that was necessary to make use of it, until it was adopted as part of the <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> specification. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a> is now found in the <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">HDTV (ATSC) standard of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD_player" title="DVD player">DVD players</a>, and many satellite-TV and cable-TV receivers. Dolby developed a digital <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio data compression">compression</a> scheme for the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On February 17, 2005, the company became <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public</a>, offering its shares on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, under the symbol DLB. On March 15, 2005, Dolby celebrated its 40th anniversary at the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Theatre_Owners" title="National Association of Theatre Owners">ShoWest 2005 Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On January 8, 2007, Dolby announced the arrival of Dolby Volume at the International <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 18, 2010, Dolby introduced <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround_7.1" title="Dolby Surround 7.1">Dolby Surround 7.1</a>, and set up theaters worldwide with 7.1 surround speaker setups to deliver theatrical <a href="/wiki/7.1_surround_sound" title="7.1 surround sound">7.1 surround sound</a>. The first film to be released with this format was <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3" title="Toy Story 3">Toy Story 3</a></i> which was later followed by fifty releases using the format. About 80% of films released are now mixed in Dolby Surround 7.1 by default. </p><p>In April 2012, Dolby introduced its <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a>, a new cinematic technology adding overhead sound, first applied in Pixar's motion picture <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_(2012_film)" title="Brave (2012 film)">Brave</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2014, Dolby Laboratories announced plans to bring Atmos to home theater. The first television show to use the technology on disc was <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a></i>. </p><p>On February 24, 2014, Dolby acquired <a href="/wiki/Doremi_Labs" title="Doremi Labs">Doremi Labs</a> for $92.5 million in cash plus an additional $20 million in contingent consideration that may be earned over a four-year period.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2015, Dolby reopened <a href="/wiki/Vine_Theatre" title="Vine Theatre">Vine Theatre</a> as a 70-seat showcase theater, known as Dolby @ Vine or Dolby Screening Room Hollywood Vine.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2019, Dolby added Dolby Atmos to hundreds of newer songs in the music industry.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2020, Dolby launched a developer platform, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dolby.io">Dolby.io</a>, aimed at providing developers self-service access to Dolby technologies through public APIs. It allows any person, organization, small and big, to integrate in their websites, apps, games, etc. features such as media enhancements and transcoding, spatial audio, high-quality video communication and low-latency streaming.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technologies">Technologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analog_audio_noise_reduction">Analog audio noise reduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Analog audio noise reduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby A">Dolby A</a></b>: professional noise reduction systems for analog <a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Reel-to-reel tape">reel-to-reel tape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compact_audio_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact audio cassette">cassettes</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_NR" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby NR">Dolby NR</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dolby_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby B">B</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dolby_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby C">C</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dolby_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby S">S</a></b>: consumer noise reduction systems for tapes and analog cassettes.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_SR" title="Dolby SR">Dolby SR</a></b> (Spectral Recording): professional four-channel noise reduction system in use since 1986, which improves the dynamic range of analog recordings and transmissions by as much as 25 <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">dB</a>. Dolby SR is utilized by recording and post-production engineers, broadcasters, and other audio professionals. It is also the benchmark in analog film sound, being included today on nearly all 35 mm film prints. On films with digital soundtracks, the SR track is used in <a href="/wiki/Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinemas">cinemas</a> not equipped for digital playback, and it serves as a backup in case of problems with the digital track.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby FM">Dolby FM</a></b>: noise reduction system for FM broadcast radio. Dolby FM was tried by a few radio stations starting with <a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a> in 1971. It used Dolby B, combined with 25 microsecond <a href="/wiki/Pre-emphasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-emphasis">pre-emphasis</a>. A small number of models of tuners and receivers were offered with the necessary decoder built in. In addition, a few cassette deck models appeared that allowed the deck's internal Dolby B decoder to be put in the <a href="/wiki/Line_level" title="Line level">line level</a> <i>pass-through</i> path, permitting its use with Dolby FM broadcasts. The system was not successful and was on the decline by 1974.</li> <li><b>Dolby HX Pro</b>: single-ended system used on high-end tape recorders to increase headroom. The recording <a href="/wiki/Tape_bias" title="Tape bias">bias</a> is lowered as the high-frequency component of the signal being recorded increases, and vice versa. It does nothing to the actual audio that is being recorded, and it does not require a special decoder. Any HX Pro recorded tape will have, in theory, better sound on any deck.</li> <li><b>Dolby Advanced Audio</b>: Dolby <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a>, locking preferred volume level, optimizes audio performance for specific PC models and lets turning up the volume to the built-in speakers without distorting the sound.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio_encoding/compression"><span id="Audio_encoding.2Fcompression"></span>Audio encoding/compression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Audio encoding/compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic" title="Dolby Pro Logic"><b>Dolby Surround</b></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></b> (also known as <b>AC-3</b>) is a lossy audio compression format. It supports channel configurations from mono up to six discrete channels (referred to as "5.1"). This format first allowed and popularized <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a>. It was first developed for movie theater sound and spread to <a href="/wiki/Laserdisc" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">Laserdisc</a> and <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>. It has been adopted in many broadcast formats including all <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">North American digital television (ATSC)</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct broadcast satellite">direct broadcast satellite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a>, <a href="/wiki/DTMB" class="mw-redirect" title="DTMB">DTMB</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a>, and surround sound radio services. It is also part of both the <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> and the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> standards. Dolby Digital is used to enable surround sound output by most <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game consoles</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> support converting all audio to <a href="/wiki/Dolby_digital_live#Dolby_Digital_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby digital live">Dolby Digital</a> for output. <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital#Dolby_Digital_Surround_EX" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital EX</a></b>: introduces a matrix-encoded center rear surround channel to Dolby Digital for 6.1 channel output.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This center-rear channel is often split to two rear back speakers for 7.1 channel output.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">Dolby Digital Plus</a></b> (also known as <b>E-AC-3</b>) is a lossy audio codec based on Dolby Digital that is backward compatible, but more advanced. The DVD Forum has selected Dolby Digital Plus as a standard audio format for <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> video. It supports data rates up to 6 Mbit/s, an increase from <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a>'s 640 kbit/s maximum. On Blu-ray, Dolby Digital Plus is implemented differently, as a legacy 640 kbit/s Dolby Digital stream plus an additional stream to expand the surround sound, with a total bandwidth of approximately 1.7 Mbit/s. Dolby Digital Plus is also optimized for limited data-rate environments such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_broadcasting" title="Digital broadcasting">Digital broadcasting</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Digital Live">Dolby Digital Live</a></b> is a real-time hardware encoding technology for interactive media such as <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>. It converts any audio signals on a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PC</a> or <a href="/wiki/Game_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Game console">game console</a> into the 5.1-channel Dolby Digital format and transports it via a single <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a> cable.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar technology known as <a href="/wiki/DTS_Connect" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS Connect">DTS Connect</a> is available from competitor <a href="/wiki/Digital_Theater_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Theater System">DTS</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby-E_Hardware.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dolby-E_Hardware.jpg/180px-Dolby-E_Hardware.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dolby-E_Hardware.jpg/270px-Dolby-E_Hardware.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dolby-E_Hardware.jpg/360px-Dolby-E_Hardware.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption>Dolby E selected hardware</figcaption></figure> <b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_E" title="Dolby E">Dolby E</a></b>: professional coding system optimized for the distribution of surround and multichannel audio through digital two-channel post-production and broadcasting infrastructures, or for recording surround audio on two audio tracks of conventional digital video tapes, video servers, communication links, switchers, and routers. The Dolby E signal does not reach viewers at home. It is transcoded to Dolby Digital at a lower data rate for final DTV transmission.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a></b> (also known as <i>Stereo A</i>): original analog optical technology developed for 35 mm prints and is encoded with four sound channels: Left/Center/Right (which are located behind the screen) and Surround (which is heard over speakers on the sides and rear of the theatre) for ambient sound and special effects. This technology also employs A-type or SR-type noise reduction, listed above with regards to analog cassette tapes. See also <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Surround">Dolby Surround</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_TrueHD" title="Dolby TrueHD">Dolby TrueHD</a></b>: Offers bit-for-bit sound reproduction identical to the studio master. Over seven full-range 24-bit/96 kHz discrete channels are supported (plus an <a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_effects" title="Low-frequency effects">LFE</a> channel, making it 7.1 surround) along with the <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> interface. Theoretically, Dolby TrueHD can support more channels, but this number has been limited to 8 for HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/HE-AAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HE-AAC">Dolby Pulse</a></b>: released in 2009, it is identical to the HE-AAC v2 codec except for the addition of Dolby metadata, which is common for Dolby's other digital audio codecs. This metadata "ensures consistency of broadcast quality."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">Dolby AC-4</a></b> is a lossy audio compression format that can contain audio channels and/or audio objects.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a></b> is a suite of technologies for immersive audio having both horizontal and vertical sound placement, using a combination of channel and object-based mixing and delivery. It was first introduced in cinemas with <a href="/wiki/Brave_(2012_film)" title="Brave (2012 film)">Brave (2012 film)</a>. The first game released with Dolby Atmos audio was <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Battlefront_(2015_video_game)" title="Star Wars Battlefront (2015 video game)">Star Wars Battlefront (2015 video game)</a>. The means of delivering the channels and objects differ given the technical limitations across different media, and the target platform. Dolby Atmos is not a codec; on the consumer market, pre-recorded Dolby Atmos is delivered as an extension to a Dolby TrueHD, Dolby Digital Plus, or Dolby AC-4 stream.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio_processing">Audio processing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Audio processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby_system_A-type_decoder_(6498622501).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Dolby_system_A-type_decoder_%286498622501%29.jpg/220px-Dolby_system_A-type_decoder_%286498622501%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Dolby_system_A-type_decoder_%286498622501%29.jpg/330px-Dolby_system_A-type_decoder_%286498622501%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Dolby_system_A-type_decoder_%286498622501%29.jpg/440px-Dolby_system_A-type_decoder_%286498622501%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2856" /></a><figcaption>Dolby system A-type decoder</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Headphone" title="Dolby Headphone">Dolby Headphone</a></b>: an implementation of <a href="/wiki/Virtual_surround" title="Virtual surround">virtual surround</a>, simulating 5.1 surround sound in a standard pair of stereo headphones.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dolby Virtual Speaker</b>: simulates 5.1 surround sound in a setup of two standard stereo speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Surround">Dolby Surround</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic" title="Dolby Pro Logic">Dolby Pro Logic</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Pro Logic II">Dolby Pro Logic II</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic_IIx" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Pro Logic IIx">Dolby Pro Logic IIx</a></b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic_IIz" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Pro Logic IIz">Dolby Pro Logic IIz</a></b>: these decoders expand sound to a greater number of channels. All can decode surround sound that has been matrixed into two channels; some can expand surround sound to a greater number of speakers than the original source material. See the referenced articles for more details on each decoder.</li> <li><b>Audistry</b>: sound enhancement technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dolby Volume</b>: reduces volume level changes.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dolby Mobile</b>: A version of Dolby's surround sound technology specifically designed for mobile phones, notably the <a href="/wiki/HTC_Desire_HD" title="HTC Desire HD">HTC Desire HD</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG_KM900_(Arena)" class="mw-redirect" title="LG KM900 (Arena)">LG Arena</a> and <a href="/wiki/LG_Renoir" class="mw-redirect" title="LG Renoir">LG Renoir</a>.</li> <li><b>Dolby Audio Plug-in for Android</b>: An API packaged as a Java Library that allows Android Developers to take advantage of Dolby Digital Plus Technology embedded into mobile and tablet devices, notably the <a href="/wiki/Fire_HD" title="Fire HD">Fire HD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_HDX" title="Fire HDX">Fire HDX</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_Tab_series#Samsung_Galaxy_Tab_3_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Galaxy Tab series">Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 series</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Voice" title="Dolby Voice">Dolby Voice</a></b>: Hardware and software products for enterprise-level web conferencing.<sup id="cite_ref-Voice_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voice-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_processing">Video processing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Video processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Dolby Contrast</b> provides enhanced image contrast to LCD screens with LED backlight units by means of local dimming.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Perceptual_Quantizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceptual Quantizer">Perceptual Quantizer</a></b> (PQ),<sup id="cite_ref-AnIntroductionToDolbyVision_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnIntroductionToDolbyVision-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published by <a href="/wiki/SMPTE" class="mw-redirect" title="SMPTE">SMPTE</a> as <b>SMPTE ST 2084</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Transfer_function" title="Transfer function">transfer function</a> that allows for the display of <a href="/wiki/High_dynamic_range" title="High dynamic range">high dynamic range</a> (HDR) video with a <a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">luminance</a> level of up to 10,000<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Candela_per_square_metre" title="Candela per square metre">cd/m<sup>2</sup></a> and can be used with the <a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a> color space.<sup id="cite_ref-HPATechFebruary2014_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPATechFebruary2014-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMPTE2084HDR2014_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMPTE2084HDR2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HDRReportSMPTE2015MESA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDRReportSMPTE2015MESA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GradingHDR2015studiodaily_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GradingHDR2015studiodaily-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 27, 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Electronics Association">Consumer Electronics Association</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/HDR10" title="HDR10">HDR10</a> Media Profile which uses the Rec. 2020 color space, SMPTE ST 2084, and a <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">bit depth</a> of 10-bits.<sup id="cite_ref-HDRCompatibleCEA2015_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDRCompatibleCEA2015-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 2, 2016, Microsoft released the <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> Anniversary Update, which supports the HDR10 format with PQ (ST 2084) transfer function and Rec.2020 color space.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Vision" title="Dolby Vision">Dolby Vision</a></b> is a content mastering and delivery format similar to the HDR10 media profile. It supports both <a href="/wiki/High_dynamic_range" title="High dynamic range">high dynamic range</a> (HDR) and <a href="/wiki/Wide_color_gamut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide color gamut">wide color gamut</a> (ITU-R Rec. 2020 and 2100) at all stages from content creation and production to transmission and playback. Dolby Vision includes the Perceptual Quantizier (SMPTE ST-2084) electro-optical transfer function and supports displays with up to 10,000-nit maximum brightness (4,000-nit in practice). It also provides up to 8K resolution and color depth of up to 12-bits (backwards compatible with current 8-bit and 10-bit displays).<sup id="cite_ref-DolbyVisionWhitePaper_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DolbyVisionWhitePaper-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Vision can encode mastering display colorimetry information using static metadata (SMPTE ST 2086) and dynamic metadata (SMPTE ST 2094-10, Dolby format) for each scene or frame of a video.<sup id="cite_ref-SMPTE2094DynamicMetadataJanuary2017_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMPTE2094DynamicMetadataJanuary2017-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of Ultra HD (UHD) Dolby Vision are available in TV, monitor, mobile devices and theater. Dolby Vision content can be delivered on <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a> discs,<sup id="cite_ref-UltraHDArrivesJanuary2016DigitalTrends_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UltraHDArrivesJanuary2016DigitalTrends-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UltraHDPlayerFebruary2016HighDefDigest_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UltraHDPlayerFebruary2016HighDefDigest-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over conventional broadcasting, OTT, and online <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming media services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Vision metadata can be carried via HDMI interface versions 1.4b and above.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also supports IPTPQc2 color space, that is similar to ICtCp. Dolby Vision IQ is an update designed to optimize Dolby Vision content according to the brightness of the room.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/ICtCp" title="ICtCp">ICtCp</a></b> provides an improved color representation that is designed for high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG).<sup id="cite_ref-DolbyICtCpPaperApril2016Dolby_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DolbyICtCpPaperApril2016Dolby-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An improved constant luminance is an advantage for color processing operations such as <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">chroma subsampling</a> and gamut mapping where only color information is changed.<sup id="cite_ref-DolbyICtCpPaperApril2016Dolby_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DolbyICtCpPaperApril2016Dolby-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICtCp is based on a modification of <a href="/wiki/Color_appearance_model#IPT" title="Color appearance model">IPT</a> called ICaCb.<sup id="cite_ref-CIC23-ICaCb_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIC23-ICaCb-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_cinema">Digital cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Digital cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby_Laboratories_Screening_Rooms_on_Alameda_Avenue_in_Burbank,_California_20220619_102317_2_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dolby_Laboratories_Screening_Rooms_on_Alameda_Avenue_in_Burbank%2C_California_20220619_102317_2_copy.jpg/220px-Dolby_Laboratories_Screening_Rooms_on_Alameda_Avenue_in_Burbank%2C_California_20220619_102317_2_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dolby_Laboratories_Screening_Rooms_on_Alameda_Avenue_in_Burbank%2C_California_20220619_102317_2_copy.jpg/330px-Dolby_Laboratories_Screening_Rooms_on_Alameda_Avenue_in_Burbank%2C_California_20220619_102317_2_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dolby_Laboratories_Screening_Rooms_on_Alameda_Avenue_in_Burbank%2C_California_20220619_102317_2_copy.jpg/440px-Dolby_Laboratories_Screening_Rooms_on_Alameda_Avenue_in_Burbank%2C_California_20220619_102317_2_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="4080" /></a><figcaption>Dolby Laboratories Screening Rooms in Burbank, California</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Dolby Digital Cinema</b><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dolby Surround 7.1</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first introduced theatrically with <i><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3" title="Toy Story 3">Toy Story 3</a></i>, in 2010.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_3D" title="Dolby 3D">Dolby 3D</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Cinema" title="Dolby Cinema">Dolby Cinema</a></b>, a premium cinema concept developed by Dolby Laboratories as a direct competitor to <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Live_sound">Live sound</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Live sound"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Dolby Lake Processor</b><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - as of 2009, all Lake products are owned by <a href="/wiki/Lab_Gruppen" title="Lab Gruppen">Lab Gruppen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Over the years Dolby has introduced several surround sound systems. Their differences are explained below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolby_matrix_surround_systems">Dolby matrix surround systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dolby matrix surround systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Decoder</th> <th>Encoder</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Channels </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a> </th> <td>Dolby MP Matrix</td> <td>1975</td> <td>Cinema use with optical technology. Uses Dolby A for noise reduction. 4:2 encoded for 35mm film and 2:4 decoded back to 4.0 by Dolby Stereo Processor. Discrete Magnetic 6-Track variant for 70mm.</td> <td>FL FR with C and MonoSurround matrixed </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Surround">Dolby Surround</a> </th> <td>"</td> <td>1982</td> <td>Consumer Variant of Dolby Stereo. Original Decoder utilized a simple passive L-R Circuit with Delay and Phantom Center for 3-Channel Decoding.</td> <td>FL FR and MonoSurround matrixed </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo_SR" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Stereo SR">Dolby Stereo SR</a> </th> <td>Dolby MP Matrix</td> <td>1986</td> <td>Addition of Dolby SR Noise Reduction to Dolby Stereo for Enhanced Fidelity and Dynamic Range.</td> <td>FL FR with C and MonoSurround matrixed </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic" title="Dolby Pro Logic">Dolby Pro Logic</a> </th> <td>"</td> <td>1986 Modern<br />1987</td> <td>Reference Active Matrix 2:4 Decoder (Cat No. 150) for Dolby Stereo and Dolby Surround. Accurately Decodes Lt/Rt to Recover the LCRS 4.0 Surround.</td> <td>FL FR with C and MonoSurround matrixed </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Pro Logic II">Dolby Pro Logic II</a> </th> <td>N/A</td> <td>2000</td> <td>Upmixes non-Encoded Stereo to Surround 5.1. Can also be used to decode Dolby Surround for 5.1 Playback. Consumer Decoders often include specific Movie, Music, or Game modes.</td> <td>FL FR C SL SR SUB </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic_IIx" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Pro Logic IIx">Dolby Pro Logic IIx</a> </th> <td>N/A</td> <td>2002</td> <td>Extension to PLII. Enhancement of either Stereo, Dolby Surround, Dolby Digital 5.1 to 6.1 or 7.1. Decodes Dolby Digital EX to 6.1 or 7.1. Retains Movie, Music, or Game modes in Consumer Products.</td> <td>FL FR C SL SR SUB Left Back and Right Back </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic_IIz" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Pro Logic IIz">Dolby Pro Logic IIz</a> </th> <td>N/A</td> <td>2009</td> <td>Extension to PLIIx. Decodes Stereo, Dolby Surround or Discrete 5.1/6.1/7.1 to 7.1 Height or Full 9.1 with the addition of Front Height Channels. Last Pro Logic Branded Decoder from Dolby. </td> <td>L, C, R, Lss, Rss (side surrounds), Lrs, Rrs (rear surrounds), LFE, Lvh and Rvh </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dolby Surround (2014) </th> <td>N/A</td> <td>2014</td> <td>Dolby reintroduced the Dolby Surround terminology in 2014. The term now refers to a new frequency-domain decoder/upmixer. Dolby Surround is a complete replacement for Pro Logic; it takes in stereo (discrete or matrixed), 5.1 and 7.1 inputs to play over a wide range of output configurations including those with height channels. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolby_discrete_surround_systems">Dolby discrete surround systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dolby discrete surround systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Format</th> <th>Core Codec</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Channels </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital#Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a> </th> <td>AC-3</td> <td>1986 Modern<br /> 1992 Film<br /> 1995 Laser Disc</td> <td>Discrete channel encoder/decoder. Stereo output can be generated from the 5 program channels using Pro Logic encoding. This allows systems that are limited to stereo output to carry surround sound.</td> <td>L R C Ls Rs LFE </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital#Dolby_Digital_EX" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital Surround EX</a> </th> <td>AC-3</td> <td>1999</td> <td>6.1 or 7.1 Surround via Matrix Encoding of Ls/Rs Channels in 5.1. Remains backwards compatible with standard 5.1 digital.</td> <td>L R C Ls Rs LFE. <br /> <p>Matrix decoding can derive Cs (mono surround) or Lrs, Rrs (stereo surrounds) from the Ls and Rs signals </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_TrueHD" title="Dolby TrueHD">Dolby TrueHD</a> </th> <td>MLP</td> <td>2006<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Lossless compression codec; supports 44.1 kHz to 192 kHz sampling frequency up to 24-bit word length; supports variable data rate up to 18 Mbit/s; maximum channel support is 16 channels as presently deployed. Higher bitrate than Dolby Digital Plus. Blu-ray Disc channel support up to eight channels of 96 kHz/24-bit audio; six channels (5.1) up to 192 kHz/24-bit; and two- to six-channel support up to 192 kHz/24-bit maximum bit rate up to the maximum of 18 Mbit/s.</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">Dolby Digital Plus</a> </th> <td>Enhanced AC-3</td> <td>2006<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Lossy compression codec; 48 kHz sampling frequency, 20-bit word length; supports data rates of 32 kbit/s – 6 Mbit/s, scalable, including 768 kbit/s – 1.5 Mbit/s on high-definition optical discs, typically, and 256 kbit/s for broadcast and online. 1.0- to 7.1-channel support for current media applications; extensible to 16 channels; discrete. Backward compatible with Dolby Digital through S/PDIF connection up to 640 kbit/s. Supports Dolby Metadata.</td> <td>L R C Lss Rss LFE Lrs Rrs </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround_7.1" title="Dolby Surround 7.1">Dolby Surround 7.1</a> </th> <td>N/A</td> <td>2010</td> <td>New sound format for cinema soundtracks that adds two additional surround channels. </td> <td>L, C, R, Lss, Rss (side surrounds), Lrs, Rrs (rear surrounds), LFE </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a> </th> <td>Cinema: SSLAC. Consumer: Dolby Digital Plus-JOC, MLP, AC-4.</td> <td>2012</td> <td>Expands on existing surround sound formats by adding top surround channels and audio objects. Each audio object consists of a mono audio signal plus metadata that describes the sound location, size, and other rendering control parameters. An object renderer is used to convert the audio objects to output channel signals. The use of audio objects allows a sound to be described independently of any specific loudspeaker configuration. For cinema distribution, all audio is losslessly encoded as PCM or SSLAC (Samplerate Scalable Lossless Audio Coding). </td> <td>Cinema soundtrack channels: <br /> <p>L, R, C, LFE, Lss, Rss (side surrounds), Lrs, Rrs (rear surrounds), Lts, Rts (top surrounds). Note: the number and intended location of _output_ channels is defined at playback based on the available loudspeakers. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ATSC">ATSC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: ATSC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC standards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(HDTV)" title="Grand Alliance (HDTV)">Grand Alliance (HDTV)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a> AC-3 is used as the <a href="/wiki/Audio_codec" title="Audio codec">audio codec</a> for the <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC standards</a>, though it was standardized as A/52 by the ATSC. It allows the transport of up to five channels of sound with a sixth channel for <a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_effects" title="Low-frequency effects">low-frequency effects</a> (the so-called "5.1" configuration). In contrast, Japanese <a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a> <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> broadcasts use MPEG's <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">Advanced Audio Coding</a> (AAC) as the audio codec, which also allows 5.1 audio output. <a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> allows both. </p><p><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> audio was a contender for the ATSC standard during the "<a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(HDTV)" title="Grand Alliance (HDTV)">Grand Alliance</a>" shootout, but lost out to <a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby AC-3">Dolby AC-3</a>. The Grand Alliance issued a statement finding the MPEG-2 system to be "essentially equivalent" to Dolby, but only after the Dolby selection had been made. Later, a story emerged that MIT had entered into an agreement with Dolby whereupon the university would be awarded a large sum of money if the MPEG-2 system was rejected. Dolby also offered an incentive for Zenith to switch their vote (which they did); however, it is unknown whether they accepted the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-mit_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CX_(audio)" class="mw-redirect" title="CX (audio)">CX</a> (analog noise reduction competitor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBX_(noise_reduction)" class="mw-redirect" title="DBX (noise reduction)">dbx</a> (analog noise reduction competitor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Com" title="High Com">High Com</a> (analog noise reduction competitor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Theatre_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Theatre System">DTS</a> (digital soundspace competitor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_Lossless_Packing" title="Meridian Lossless Packing">Meridian Lossless Packing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lossless" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossless">lossless</a> coding for <a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRS_Labs" title="SRS Labs">SRS Labs</a> (surround sound competitor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics#Beats_Audio" title="Beats Electronics">Beats Audio</a> (digital soundspace competitor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">Sony Dynamic Digital Sound</a> (digital soundspace competitor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Theatre" title="Dolby Theatre">Dolby Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-financials-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-financials_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1308547/000162828024048519/dlb-20240927.htm">"US SEC: 2024 Form 10-K Dolby Laboratories, Inc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. November 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+SEC%3A+2024+Form+10-K+Dolby+Laboratories%2C+Inc.&rft.pub=U.S.+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft.date=2024-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2Fix%3Fdoc%3D%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1308547%2F000162828024048519%2Fdlb-20240927.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090821161434/http://www.audistry.com/">"Dolby Laboratories – Sound Technology, Imaging Technology, Voice Technology"</a>. Audistry.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audistry.com/">the original</a> on August 21, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Laboratories+%E2%80%93+Sound+Technology%2C+Imaging+Technology%2C+Voice+Technology&rft.pub=Audistry.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audistry.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vialicensing.com">"ViaLicensing"</a>. ViaLicensing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ViaLicensing&rft.pub=ViaLicensing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvialicensing.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/trading-investing/fundamental-analysis/domestic-international-global-companies=2023-04-21">"Understanding the differences between domestic, international, and global companies"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+differences+between+domestic%2C+international%2C+and+global+companies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fidelity.com%2Flearning-center%2Ftrading-investing%2Ffundamental-analysis%2Fdomestic-international-global-companies%3D2023-04-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWelchLamphier2019" class="citation book cs1">Welch, Rosanne; Lamphier, Peg A. (2019). <i>Technical Innovation in American History: An Encyclopedia of Science and Technology [3 volumes]</i>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-094-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-094-2"><bdi>978-1-61069-094-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technical+Innovation+in+American+History%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Science+and+Technology+%5B3+volumes%5D&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-094-2&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Rosanne&rft.au=Lamphier%2C+Peg+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBillboard1971" class="citation book cs1">Billboard (1971). <i>Dolby System's Acceptance Builds Insurmountable Lead</i>. New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dolby+System%27s+Acceptance+Builds+Insurmountable+Lead&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Nielsen+Business+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Billboard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Williamson" title="Marcus Williamson">Williamson, Marcus</a> (September 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ray-dolby-obituary-inventor-whose-noisereduction-technology-transformed-sound-reproduction-8815543.html">"Ray Dolby obituary: Inventor whose noise-reduction technology transformed sound reproduction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ray+Dolby+obituary%3A+Inventor+whose+noise-reduction+technology+transformed+sound+reproduction&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fray-dolby-obituary-inventor-whose-noisereduction-technology-transformed-sound-reproduction-8815543.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Dolby System's Acceptance Builds Insurmountable Lead". <i>Billboard</i>. Vol. 63, no. 48. November 27, 1971. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Dolby+System%27s+Acceptance+Builds+Insurmountable+Lead&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1971-11-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMukharji2016" class="citation book cs1">Mukharji, Aroop (2016). <i>Diplomas and Diplomacy: The History of the Marshall Scholarship</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-59428-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-59428-0"><bdi>978-1-137-59428-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diplomas+and+Diplomacy%3A+The+History+of+the+Marshall+Scholarship&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-137-59428-0&rft.aulast=Mukharji&rft.aufirst=Aroop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dolby-history-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dolby-history_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolby.com/us/en/about/history.html">"50 Years of Innovation – Dolby History"</a>. Dolby Laboratories<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50+Years+of+Innovation+%E2%80%93+Dolby+History&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeck2016" class="citation book cs1">Beck, Jay (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iPrICwAAQBAJ&dq=dolby+sound+clockwork+orange&pg=PA166"><i>Designing Sound: Audiovisual Aesthetics in 1970s American Cinema</i></a>. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-6413-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-6413-5"><bdi>978-0-8135-6413-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Sound%3A+Audiovisual+Aesthetics+in+1970s+American+Cinema&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-6413-5&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiPrICwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddolby%2Bsound%2Bclockwork%2Borange%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSergi2004" class="citation book cs1">Sergi, Gianluca (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lt3SYLXBJOAC&q=Callan"><i>The Dolby Era: Film Sound in Contemporary Hollywood</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0719070678" title="Special:BookSources/0719070678"><bdi>0719070678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dolby+Era%3A+Film+Sound+in+Contemporary+Hollywood&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0719070678&rft.aulast=Sergi&rft.aufirst=Gianluca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLt3SYLXBJOAC%26q%3DCallan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StarWars-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StarWars_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tested.com/starwars/460476-star-wars-and-explosion-dolby-stereo/">"Star Wars and the Explosion of Dolby Stereo - Tested.com"</a>. <i>Tested</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tested&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+and+the+Explosion+of+Dolby+Stereo+-+Tested.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tested.com%2Fstarwars%2F460476-star-wars-and-explosion-dolby-stereo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tecawards.org/tec/05TECnologyHOFdetails.html">"TECnology Hall of Fame, 2005"</a>. <i>TECawards.org</i>. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TECawards.org&rft.atitle=TECnology+Hall+of+Fame%2C+2005&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.tecawards.org%2Ftec%2F05TECnologyHOFdetails.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacqui_Cheng2007" class="citation web cs1">Jacqui Cheng (January 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/01/8654/">"Dolby to turn volume down on loud commercials"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Dolby+to+turn+volume+down+on+loud+commercials&rft.date=2007-01-18&rft.au=Jacqui+Cheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Funcategorized%2F2007%2F01%2F8654%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-17840821">"Pixar's Brave to debut new Dolby Atmos sound system"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. April 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pixar%27s+Brave+to+debut+new+Dolby+Atmos+sound+system&rft.date=2012-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-17840821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140315081110/http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=827738">"Dolby Signs Agreement to Acquire Doremi Labs"</a>. Dolby.com. February 24, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=827738">the original</a> on March 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Signs+Agreement+to+Acquire+Doremi+Labs&rft.pub=Dolby.com&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestor.dolby.com%2Freleasedetail.cfm%3FReleaseID%3D827738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cinematreasures.org/theaters/431">"Vine Theatre"</a>. <i>cinematreasures.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cinematreasures.org&rft.atitle=Vine+Theatre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcinematreasures.org%2Ftheaters%2F431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMike_Hume" class="citation web cs1">Mike Hume. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historictheatrephotos.com/Theatre/Hollywood-Entertainment-District-Los-Angeles.aspx">"Hollywood Boulevard Entertainment District"</a>. <i>historictheatrephotos.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historictheatrephotos.com&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Boulevard+Entertainment+District&rft.au=Mike+Hume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historictheatrephotos.com%2FTheatre%2FHollywood-Entertainment-District-Los-Angeles.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://professional.dolby.com/contact-us/dolby-screening-room-vine/">"Dolby screening room Hollywood Vine"</a>. Dolby Laboratories, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+screening+room+Hollywood+Vine&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofessional.dolby.com%2Fcontact-us%2Fdolby-screening-room-vine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChris_Eggersten2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Chris Eggersten (May 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220406230707/https://www.billboard.com/pro/universal-music-group-dolby-atmos-sound-mixing/">"Universal Music Group Looks to the Future of Sound Mixing With Dolby Atmos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/pro/universal-music-group-dolby-atmos-sound-mixing/">the original</a> on April 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Universal+Music+Group+Looks+to+the+Future+of+Sound+Mixing+With+Dolby+Atmos&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft.au=Chris+Eggersten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fpro%2Funiversal-music-group-dolby-atmos-sound-mixing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrederic_Lardinois2020" class="citation web cs1">Frederic Lardinois (May 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/12/dolby-launches-dolby-io-its-new-self-service-developer-platform/">"Dolby launches Dolby.io, its new self-service developer platform"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+launches+Dolby.io%2C+its+new+self-service+developer+platform&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.au=Frederic+Lardinois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2020%2F05%2F12%2Fdolby-launches-dolby-io-its-new-self-service-developer-platform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-advanced-audio-v2.html">"Dolby Advanced Audio v2"</a>. <i>www.dolby.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dolby.com&rft.atitle=Dolby+Advanced+Audio+v2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fdolby-advanced-audio-v2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111010045840/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-ex.html">"Dolby Digital EX"</a>. Dolby.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-ex.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Digital+EX&rft.pub=Dolby.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Funderstand%2Fplayback%2Fdolby-digital-ex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111010051951/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-live.html">"Dolby Digital Live"</a>. Dolby.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-live.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Digital+Live&rft.pub=Dolby.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Funderstand%2Fplayback%2Fdolby-digital-live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601182754/http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q3_dolby-pulse.pdf">"Dolby Pulse - combining the merits of Dolby Digital and HE-AAC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q3_dolby-pulse.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Pulse+-+combining+the+merits+of+Dolby+Digital+and+HE-AAC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebu.ch%2Fen%2Ftechnical%2Ftrev%2Ftrev_2008-Q3_dolby-pulse.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111010061748/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/enhancement/dolby-headphone.html">"Dolby Headphone with 5.1 Surround Sound Stereo"</a>. Dolby.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/enhancement/dolby-headphone.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Headphone+with+5.1+Surround+Sound+Stereo&rft.pub=Dolby.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Funderstand%2Fenhancement%2Fdolby-headphone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070829024715/http://www.audistry.com/files/audistry_technicalwhitepaper.pdf">"Dolby Laboratories - Sound Technology, Imaging Technology, Voice Technology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Audistry.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audistry.com/files/audistry_technicalwhitepaper.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 29, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Laboratories+-+Sound+Technology%2C+Imaging+Technology%2C+Voice+Technology&rft.pub=Audistry.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audistry.com%2Ffiles%2Faudistry_technicalwhitepaper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623122830/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/volume/dolby-volume.html">"Dolby Volume"</a>. Dolby.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/volume/dolby-volume.html">the original</a> on June 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Volume&rft.pub=Dolby.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Funderstand%2Fvolume%2Fdolby-volume.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voice-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Voice_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolby.com/us/en/brands/dolby-voice.html">"Dolby Voice Overview"</a>. <i>Dolby.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dolby.com&rft.atitle=Dolby+Voice+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Fbrands%2Fdolby-voice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080417163550/http://investor.dolby.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=284934">"Dolby Debuts New Video Technologies at International CES 2008"</a>. Dolby press release. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investor.dolby.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=284934">the original</a> on April 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Debuts+New+Video+Technologies+at+International+CES+2008&rft.pub=Dolby+press+release&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestor.dolby.com%2FReleaseDetail.cfm%3FReleaseID%3D284934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnIntroductionToDolbyVision-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AnIntroductionToDolbyVision_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-whitepaper-an-introduction-to-dolby-vision.pdf"><i>An Introduction to Dolby Vision</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dolby Laboratories. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Dolby+Vision&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fdolby-vision%2Fdolby-vision-whitepaper-an-introduction-to-dolby-vision.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HPATechFebruary2014-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HPATechFebruary2014_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Wilt2014" class="citation news cs1">Adam Wilt (February 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvinfo.net/article/trip_reports/hpa-tech-retreat-2014-day-4.html">"HPA Tech Retreat 2014 – Day 4"</a>. DV Info Net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=HPA+Tech+Retreat+2014+%E2%80%93+Day+4&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft.au=Adam+Wilt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvinfo.net%2Farticle%2Ftrip_reports%2Fhpa-tech-retreat-2014-day-4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMPTE2084HDR2014-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMPTE2084HDR2014_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.smpte.org/content/978-1-61482-829-7/st-2084-2014/SEC1">"ST 2084:2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ST+2084%3A2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandards.smpte.org%2Fcontent%2F978-1-61482-829-7%2Fst-2084-2014%2FSEC1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDRReportSMPTE2015MESA-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDRReportSMPTE2015MESA_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChris_Tribbey2015" class="citation news cs1">Chris Tribbey (July 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150913044219/http://mesalliance.org/blog/me-daily/2015/07/10/smpte-standards-director-no-hdr-format-war-yet/">"HDR Special Report: SMPTE Standards Director: No HDR Format War, Yet"</a>. MESA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mesalliance.org/blog/me-daily/2015/07/10/smpte-standards-director-no-hdr-format-war-yet/">the original</a> on September 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=HDR+Special+Report%3A+SMPTE+Standards+Director%3A+No+HDR+Format+War%2C+Yet&rft.date=2015-07-10&rft.au=Chris+Tribbey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmesalliance.org%2Fblog%2Fme-daily%2F2015%2F07%2F10%2Fsmpte-standards-director-no-hdr-format-war-yet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GradingHDR2015studiodaily-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GradingHDR2015studiodaily_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant_Frazer2015" class="citation news cs1">Bryant Frazer (June 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150913064202/http://www.studiodaily.com/2015/06/colorist-stephen-nakamura-grading-tomorrowland-dolby-vision/">"Colorist Stephen Nakamura on Grading Tomorrowland in HDR"</a>. studiodaily. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studiodaily.com/2015/06/colorist-stephen-nakamura-grading-tomorrowland-dolby-vision/">the original</a> on September 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colorist+Stephen+Nakamura+on+Grading+Tomorrowland+in+HDR&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft.au=Bryant+Frazer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiodaily.com%2F2015%2F06%2Fcolorist-stephen-nakamura-grading-tomorrowland-dolby-vision%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDRCompatibleCEA2015-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDRCompatibleCEA2015_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRachel_Cericola2015" class="citation news cs1">Rachel Cericola (August 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bigpicturebigsound.com/What-Makes-a-TV-HDR-Compatible-The-CEA-Sets-Guidelines.shtml">"What Makes a TV HDR-Compatible? The CEA Sets Guidelines"</a>. Big Picture Big Sound<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Makes+a+TV+HDR-Compatible%3F+The+CEA+Sets+Guidelines&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft.au=Rachel+Cericola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigpicturebigsound.com%2FWhat-Makes-a-TV-HDR-Compatible-The-CEA-Sets-Guidelines.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt742103(v=vs.85).aspx">"High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut (Windows)"</a>. <i>msdn.microsoft.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msdn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=High+Dynamic+Range+and+Wide+Color+Gamut+%28Windows%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fmt742103%28v%3Dvs.85%29.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DolbyVisionWhitePaper-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DolbyVisionWhitePaper_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDolby_Laboratories" class="citation web cs1">Dolby Laboratories. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221015948/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf">"Dolby Vision"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Vision&rft.au=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fdolby-vision%2Fdolby-vision-white-paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMPTE2094DynamicMetadataJanuary2017-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMPTE2094DynamicMetadataJanuary2017_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043518/https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf">"SMPTE ST 2094 and Dynamic Metadata"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SMPTE+ST+2094+and+Dynamic+Metadata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smpte.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UltraHDArrivesJanuary2016DigitalTrends-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UltraHDArrivesJanuary2016DigitalTrends_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaleb_Denison2016" class="citation news cs1">Caleb Denison (January 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/ultra-hd-blu-ray-specs-dates-and-titles/">"Ultra HD Blu-ray arrives March 2016; here's everything we know"</a>. Digital Trends<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ultra+HD+Blu-ray+arrives+March+2016%3B+here%27s+everything+we+know&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft.au=Caleb+Denison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitaltrends.com%2Fhome-theater%2Fultra-hd-blu-ray-specs-dates-and-titles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UltraHDPlayerFebruary2016HighDefDigest-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UltraHDPlayerFebruary2016HighDefDigest_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_S._Palmer2016" class="citation news cs1">Michael S. Palmer (February 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Samsung/ultra-hd-bluray/4K/UHD/hdr/hands-on-first-look-samsung-ubdk8500-ultra-hd-bluray-player/29748">"Hands On First Look: Samsung UBD-K8500 Ultra HD Blu-ray Player"</a>. High-Def Digest<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hands+On+First+Look%3A+Samsung+UBD-K8500+Ultra+HD+Blu-ray+Player&rft.date=2016-02-10&rft.au=Michael+S.+Palmer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highdefdigest.com%2Fnews%2Fshow%2FSamsung%2Fultra-hd-bluray%2F4K%2FUHD%2Fhdr%2Fhands-on-first-look-samsung-ubdk8500-ultra-hd-bluray-player%2F29748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418071106/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision.html">"Dolby Vision"</a>. Dolby.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision.html">the original</a> on April 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Vision&rft.pub=Dolby.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fdolby-vision.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yoeri.geutskens.com/blog/dolby-vision-faq.html#HDMI-version">"Dolby Vision FAQ"</a>. <i>yoeri.geutskens.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yoeri.geutskens.com&rft.atitle=Dolby+Vision+FAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyoeri.geutskens.com%2Fblog%2Fdolby-vision-faq.html%23HDMI-version&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJanuary_2020" class="citation web cs1">January 2020, Becky Roberts 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whathifi.com/advice/dolby-vision-iq-everything-you-need-to-know">"Dolby Vision IQ: everything you need to know"</a>. <i>whathifi</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whathifi&rft.atitle=Dolby+Vision+IQ%3A+everything+you+need+to+know&rft.aulast=January+2020&rft.aufirst=Becky+Roberts+22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whathifi.com%2Fadvice%2Fdolby-vision-iq-everything-you-need-to-know&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DolbyICtCpPaperApril2016Dolby-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DolbyICtCpPaperApril2016Dolby_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DolbyICtCpPaperApril2016Dolby_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/ICtCp-white-paper.pdf">"ICtCp Dolby White Paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dolby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508234602/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/ICtCp-white-paper.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ICtCp+Dolby+White+Paper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fdolby-vision%2FICtCp-white-paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIC23-ICaCb-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIC23-ICaCb_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJan_FroehlichTimo_KunkelRobin_AtkinsJaclyn_Pytlarz2015" class="citation news cs1">Jan Froehlich; Timo Kunkel; Robin Atkins; Jaclyn Pytlarz; Scott Daly; Andreas Schilling; Bernd Eberhardt (October 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hdm-stuttgart.de/~froehlichj/ICaCb/CIC23_Jan-Froehlich_ColorDifferenceEncoding.pdf">"Encoding Color Difference Signals for High Dynamic Range and Wide Gamut Imagery"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Society for Imaging Sciences and Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828212330/https://www.hdm-stuttgart.de/~froehlichj/ICaCb/CIC23_Jan-Froehlich_ColorDifferenceEncoding.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Encoding+Color+Difference+Signals+for+High+Dynamic+Range+and+Wide+Gamut+Imagery&rft.date=2015-10-18&rft.au=Jan+Froehlich&rft.au=Timo+Kunkel&rft.au=Robin+Atkins&rft.au=Jaclyn+Pytlarz&rft.au=Scott+Daly&rft.au=Andreas+Schilling&rft.au=Bernd+Eberhardt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hdm-stuttgart.de%2F~froehlichj%2FICaCb%2FCIC23_Jan-Froehlich_ColorDifferenceEncoding.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111010062735/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/cinema/dolby-digital-cinema.html">"Dolby Digital Cinema"</a>. Dolby.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/cinema/dolby-digital-cinema.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Digital+Cinema&rft.pub=Dolby.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Funderstand%2Fcinema%2Fdolby-digital-cinema.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://professional.dolby.com/tv/dolby-surround-7.1/">"Dolby Surround 7.1"</a>. Dolby.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Surround+7.1&rft.pub=Dolby.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofessional.dolby.com%2Ftv%2Fdolby-surround-7.1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby-3d.html">Dolby 3D Movie Technology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090708023900/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby-3d.html">Archived</a> July 8, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. professional.Dolby.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/professional/technology/cinema/dolby-atmos.html">Content Creators, Distributors, Exhibitors: Introducing Dolby Atmos™</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327140609/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/professional/technology/cinema/dolby-atmos.html">Archived</a> March 27, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Dolby.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/platforms/dolby-cinema.html">Dolby Cinema the Total Cinema Experience</a>. Dolby.com Retrieved on 2014-12-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121173425/http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/dolby-lake-processor-operating-specifications.pdf">"Dolby Lake Processor"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/dolby-lake-processor-operating-specifications.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Lake+Processor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2FuploadedFiles%2Fzz-_Shared_Assets%2FEnglish_PDFs%2FProfessional%2Fdolby-lake-processor-operating-specifications.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labgruppen.com/about/about-lake">"About Lake"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Lake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flabgruppen.com%2Fabout%2Fabout-lake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mit-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mit_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeith_J._Winsteln2002" class="citation cs2">Keith J. Winsteln (November 8, 2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.mit.edu/V122/PDF/N54.pdf">"MIT Getting Millions For Digital TV Deal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>The Tech</i>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326004942/http://tech.mit.edu/V122/PDF/N54.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 26, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tech&rft.atitle=MIT+Getting+Millions+For+Digital+TV+Deal&rft.date=2002-11-08&rft.au=Keith+J.+Winsteln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech.mit.edu%2FV122%2FPDF%2FN54.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolby.com">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li>Business data for Dolby Laboratories, Inc.: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/DLB:NYSE">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=1308547">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/DLB">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/Dolby%20Laboratories">Dolby companies</a> grouped at <a href="/wiki/OpenCorporates" title="OpenCorporates">OpenCorporates</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dolby_Laboratories79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dolby_Laboratories" title="Template:Dolby Laboratories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dolby_Laboratories" title="Template talk:Dolby Laboratories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dolby_Laboratories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dolby Laboratories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dolby_Laboratories79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dolby Laboratories</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies and products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialnorm" title="Dialnorm">Dialnorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_3D" title="Dolby 3D">Dolby 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Cinema" title="Dolby Cinema">Dolby Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">Dolby Digital Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_E" title="Dolby E">Dolby E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Headphone" title="Dolby Headphone">Dolby Headphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise-reduction_system" title="Dolby noise-reduction system">Dolby noise-reduction system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic" title="Dolby Pro Logic">Dolby Surround/Pro Logic/Pro Logic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_SR" title="Dolby SR">Dolby SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround_7.1" title="Dolby Surround 7.1">Dolby Surround 7.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_TrueHD" title="Dolby TrueHD">Dolby TrueHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Vision" title="Dolby Vision">Dolby Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Voice" title="Dolby Voice">Dolby Voice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doremi_Labs" title="Doremi Labs">Doremi Labs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CineAsset" title="CineAsset">CineAsset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineExport" title="CineExport">CineExport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CinePlayer" title="CinePlayer">CinePlayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dolby" title="Ray Dolby">Ray Dolby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dolby#Stage_name" title="Thomas Dolby">Thomas Dolby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Theatre" title="Dolby Theatre">Dolby Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="S&amp;P_400_companies212" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:S%26P_400_companies" title="Template:S&P 400 companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:S%26P_400_companies" title="Template talk:S&P 400 companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:S%26P_400_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:S&P 400 companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="S&amp;P_400_companies212" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_S%26P_400_companies" title="List of S&P 400 companies">S&P 400 companies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antero_Midstream" class="mw-redirect" title="Antero Midstream">Antero Midstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antero_Resources" title="Antero Resources">Antero Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChampionX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChampionX (page does not exist)">ChampionX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chord_Energy" title="Chord Energy">Chord Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civitas_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civitas Resources (page does not exist)">Civitas Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNX_Resources" title="CNX Resources">CNX Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DT_Midstream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DT Midstream (page does not exist)">DT Midstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expand_Energy" title="Expand Energy">Expand Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HF_Sinclair" title="HF Sinclair">HF Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matador_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matador Resources (page does not exist)">Matador Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Oil" title="Murphy Oil">Murphy Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOV_Inc." title="NOV Inc.">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovintiv" title="Ovintiv">Ovintiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBF_Energy" title="PBF Energy">PBF Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permian_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permian Resources (page does not exist)">Permian Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Resources" title="Range Resources">Range Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaris_Limited" title="Valaris Limited">Valaris Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viper_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viper Energy (page does not exist)">Viper Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherford_International" title="Weatherford International">Weatherford International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoa" title="Alcoa">Alcoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptarGroup" title="AptarGroup">AptarGroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadium_Lithium" title="Arcadium Lithium">Arcadium Lithium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland_Global" title="Ashland Global">Ashland Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avient" class="mw-redirect" title="Avient">Avient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axalta" title="Axalta">Axalta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Global" title="Berry Global">Berry Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabot_Corp" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabot Corp">Cabot Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Technology_Corporation" title="Carpenter Technology Corporation">Carpenter Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemours" title="Chemours">Chemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland-Cliffs" title="Cleveland-Cliffs">Cleveland-Cliffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Metals">Commercial Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Holdings" title="Crown Holdings">Crown Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Materials" title="Eagle Materials">Eagle Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_Packaging" title="Graphic Packaging">Graphic Packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greif,_Inc." title="Greif, Inc.">Greif, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_River_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Knife River Corporation">Knife River Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana-Pacific" title="Louisiana-Pacific">Louisiana-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewMarket_Corporation" title="NewMarket Corporation">NewMarket Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_Corporation" title="Olin Corporation">Olin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliance_Steel_%26_Aluminum_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co.">Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold" title="Royal Gold">Royal Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_International" title="RPM International">RPM International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotts_Miracle-Gro_Company" title="Scotts Miracle-Gro Company">Scotts Miracle-Gro Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silgan_Holdings" title="Silgan Holdings">Silgan Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoco" title="Sonoco">Sonoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westlake_Corporation" title="Westlake Corporation">Westlake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAON" title="AAON">AAON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acuity_Brands" title="Acuity Brands">Acuity Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Drainage_Systems" title="Advanced Drainage Systems">Advanced Drainage Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AECOM" title="AECOM">AECOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGCO" title="AGCO">AGCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Group" title="American Airlines Group">American Airlines Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Industrial_Technologies" title="Applied Industrial Technologies">Applied Industrial Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASGN_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASGN Inc. (page does not exist)">ASGN Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avis_Budget_Group" title="Avis Budget Group">Avis Budget Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brink%27s" title="Brink's">Brink's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BWX_Technologies" title="BWX Technologies">BWX Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACI_International" class="mw-redirect" title="CACI International">CACI International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Companies" title="Carlisle Companies">Carlisle Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chart_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chart Industries (page does not exist)">Chart Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Harbors" title="Clean Harbors">Clean Harbors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNH_Industrial" title="CNH Industrial">CNH Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_Systems_USA" title="Comfort Systems USA">Comfort Systems USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrix" title="Concentrix">Concentrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_%26_Main" title="Core & Main">Core & Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Crane Holdings">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright" title="Curtiss-Wright">Curtiss-Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donaldson_Company" title="Donaldson Company">Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emcor" title="Emcor">Emcor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnerSys" title="EnerSys">EnerSys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESAB" title="ESAB">ESAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXL_Service" title="EXL Service">EXL Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exponent,_Inc." title="Exponent, Inc.">Exponent, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowserve" title="Flowserve">Flowserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluor_Corporation" title="Fluor Corporation">Fluor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Brands_Innovations" title="Fortune Brands Innovations">Fortune Brands Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTI_Consulting" title="FTI Consulting">FTI Consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATX" title="GATX">GATX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genpact" title="Genpact">Genpact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graco_(fluid_handling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graco (fluid handling)">Graco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GXO_Logistics" title="GXO Logistics">GXO Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexcel" title="Hexcel">Hexcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insperity" title="Insperity">Insperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_Inc." title="ITT Inc.">ITT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBR_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="KBR (company)">KBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Corporation" title="Kirby Corporation">Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-Swift" title="Knight-Swift">Knight-Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstar_System" title="Landstar System">Landstar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Electric" title="Lincoln Electric">Lincoln Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ManpowerGroup" title="ManpowerGroup">ManpowerGroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MasTec" title="MasTec">MasTec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_Inc." title="Maximus Inc.">Maximus Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleby" title="Middleby">Middleby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSA_Safety" title="MSA Safety">MSA Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSC_Industrial_Direct" title="MSC Industrial Direct">MSC Industrial Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_Industries" title="Mueller Industries">Mueller Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextracker" title="Nextracker">Nextracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVent_Electric_plc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVent Electric plc (page does not exist)">nVent Electric plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Corning" title="Owens Corning">Owens Corning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsons_Corporation" title="Parsons Corporation">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paylocity" title="Paylocity">Paylocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RB_Global" title="RB Global">RB Global</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RBC_Bearings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBC Bearings (page does not exist)">RBC Bearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regal_Rexnord" title="Regal Rexnord">Regal Rexnord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryder" title="Ryder">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saia" title="Saia">Saia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Applications_International_Corporation" title="Science Applications International Corporation">Science Applications Intl Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensata_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensata Technologies (page does not exist)">Sensata Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpson_Manufacturing_Company" title="Simpson Manufacturing Company">Simpson Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terex" title="Terex">Terex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Tech" title="Tetra Tech">Tetra Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Toro_Company" title="The Toro Company">The Toro Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trex_Company,_Inc." title="Trex Company, Inc.">Trex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFP_Industries" title="UFP Industries">UFP Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmont_Industries" title="Valmont Industries">Valmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watsco" title="Watsco">Watsco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts_Water_Technologies" title="Watts Water Technologies">Watts Water Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WESCO_International" title="WESCO International">WESCO International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodward,_Inc." title="Woodward, Inc.">Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPO,_Inc." title="XPO, Inc.">XPO, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumer <br />Discretionary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch" title="Abercrombie & Fitch">Abercrombie & Fitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramark" title="Aramark">Aramark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoliv" title="Autoliv">Autoliv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoNation" title="AutoNation">AutoNation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Gaming" title="Boyd Gaming">Boyd Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Corporation" title="Brunswick Corporation">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_(department_store)" title="Burlington (department store)">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_Holdings" title="Capri Holdings">Capri Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewy_(company)" title="Chewy (company)">Chewy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_Hotels" title="Choice Hotels">Choice Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Downs_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Downs Inc.">Churchill Downs Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Sportswear" title="Columbia Sportswear">Columbia Sportswear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocs" title="Crocs">Crocs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick%27s_Sporting_Goods" title="Dick's Sporting Goods">Dick's Sporting Goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolingo" title="Duolingo">Duolingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Below" title="Five Below">Five Below</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_%26_Decor" title="Floor & Decor">Floor & Decor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameStop" title="GameStop">GameStop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_Inc." title="Gap Inc.">Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentex_(automotive_manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentex (automotive manufacturer)">Gentex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_%26_Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodyear Tire & Rubber">Goodyear Tire & Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Holdings" title="Graham Holdings">Graham Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_Education" title="Grand Canyon Education">Grand Canyon Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%26R_Block" title="H&R Block">H&R Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Grand_Vacations" title="Hilton Grand Vacations">Hilton Grand Vacations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt" title="Hyatt">Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KB_Home" title="KB Home">KB Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lear_Corporation" title="Lear Corporation">Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Wonder" title="Light & Wonder">Light & Wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithia_Motors" title="Lithia Motors">Lithia Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s,_Inc." title="Macy's, Inc.">Macy's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_Vacations_Worldwide" title="Marriott Vacations Worldwide">Marriott Vacations Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_USA" title="Murphy USA">Murphy USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordstrom" title="Nordstrom">Nordstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie%27s_Bargain_Outlet" title="Ollie's Bargain Outlet">Ollie's Bargain Outlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penske_Automotive_Group" title="Penske Automotive Group">Penske Automotive Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_Fitness" title="Planet Fitness">Planet Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Inc." title="Polaris Inc.">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVH_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="PVH (company)">PVH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RH_(company)" title="RH (company)">RH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Corporation_International" title="Service Corporation International">Service Corp Intl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skechers" title="Skechers">Skechers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Morrison" title="Taylor Morrison">Taylor Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempur_Sealy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempur Sealy">Tempur Sealy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Roadhouse" title="Texas Roadhouse">Texas Roadhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Industries" title="Thor Industries">Thor Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_Brothers" title="Toll Brothers">Toll Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TopBuild_Corp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TopBuild Corp. (page does not exist)">TopBuild Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_%2B_Leisure_Co." title="Travel + Leisure Co.">Travel + Leisure Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a> (Class A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a> (Class C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vail_Resorts" title="Vail Resorts">Vail Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valvoline" title="Valvoline">Valvoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wendy%27s_Company" title="The Wendy's Company">Wendy's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporation" title="Whirlpool Corporation">Whirlpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams-Sonoma,_Inc." title="Williams-Sonoma, Inc.">Williams-Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingstop" title="Wingstop">Wingstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="Wyndham Hotels & Resorts">Wyndham Hotels & Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeti_Holdings" title="Yeti Holdings">Yeti Holdings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumer <br />Staples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BellRing_Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="BellRing Brands">BellRing Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJ%27s_Wholesale_Club" title="BJ's Wholesale Club">BJ's Wholesale Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Beer_Company" title="Boston Beer Company">Boston Beer Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey%27s_General_Stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Casey's General Stores">Casey's General Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celsius_Holdings" title="Celsius Holdings">Celsius Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Consolidated" title="Coca-Cola Consolidated">Coca-Cola Consolidated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coty" title="Coty">Coty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darling_Ingredients&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darling Ingredients (page does not exist)">Darling Ingredients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.l.f." title="E.l.f.">e.l.f. Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_Foods" title="Flowers Foods">Flowers Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingredion" title="Ingredion">Ingredion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lancaster_Colony_Corp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancaster Colony Corp (page does not exist)">Lancaster Colony Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instacart" title="Instacart">Maplebear Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Food_Group" title="Performance Food Group">Performance Food Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_Pride" title="Pilgrim's Pride">Pilgrim's Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Holdings" title="Post Holdings">Post Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprouts_Farmers_Market" title="Sprouts Farmers Market">Sprouts Farmers Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Foods" title="US Foods">US Foods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health Care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_Healthcare" title="Acadia Healthcare">Acadia Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amedisys" title="Amedisys">Amedisys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avantor" title="Avantor">Avantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bio-Rad_Laboratories" title="Bio-Rad Laboratories">Bio-Rad Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioMarin_Pharmaceutical" title="BioMarin Pharmaceutical">BioMarin Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruker" title="Bruker">Bruker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemed_Corp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemed Corp. (page does not exist)">Chemed Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytokinetics" title="Cytokinetics">Cytokinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsply_Sirona" title="Dentsply Sirona">Dentsply Sirona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doximity" title="Doximity">Doximity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encompass_Health" title="Encompass Health">Encompass Health</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensign_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensign Group (page does not exist)">Ensign Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Envista_Holdings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Envista Holdings (page does not exist)">Envista Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exelixis" title="Exelixis">Exelixis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globus_Medical" title="Globus Medical">Globus Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemonetics" title="Haemonetics">Haemonetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halozyme" title="Halozyme">Halozyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HealthEquity" title="HealthEquity">HealthEquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumina,_Inc." title="Illumina, Inc.">Illumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Pharmaceuticals" title="Jazz Pharmaceuticals">Jazz Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantheus_Holdings" title="Lantheus Holdings">Lantheus Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LivaNova" title="LivaNova">LivaNova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masimo" title="Masimo">Masimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medpace" title="Medpace">Medpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen">Neogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurocrine_Biosciences" title="Neurocrine Biosciences">Neurocrine Biosciences</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Option_Care_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Option Care Health (page does not exist)">Option Care Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penumbra_(medical_company)" title="Penumbra (medical company)">Penumbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrigo" title="Perrigo">Perrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repligen" title="Repligen">Repligen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roivant_Sciences" title="Roivant Sciences">Roivant Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarepta_Therapeutics" title="Sarepta Therapeutics">Sarepta Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sotera_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sotera Health (page does not exist)">Sotera Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenet_Healthcare" title="Tenet Healthcare">Tenet Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Therapeutics" title="United Therapeutics">United Therapeutics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affiliated_Managers_Group" title="Affiliated Managers Group">Affiliated Managers Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Financial_Group" title="American Financial Group">American Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaly_Capital_Management" title="Annaly Capital Management">Annaly Capital Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Bank">Associated Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_OZK" title="Bank OZK">Bank OZK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighthouse_Financial" title="Brighthouse Financial">Brighthouse Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Bank" title="Cadence Bank">Cadence Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlyle Group">Carlyle Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNO_Financial_Group" title="CNO Financial Group">CNO Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia_Banking_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbia Banking System (page does not exist)">Columbia Banking System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comerica" title="Comerica">Comerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Bancshares" title="Commerce Bancshares">Commerce Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_West_Bancorp" title="East West Bancorp">East West Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Holdings" title="Equitable Holdings">Equitable Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essent_Group_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essent Group Ltd. (page does not exist)">Essent Group Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronet_Worldwide" title="Euronet Worldwide">Euronet Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evercore" title="Evercore">Evercore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Hermes" title="Federated Hermes">Federated Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelity_National_Financial" title="Fidelity National Financial">Fidelity National Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_American_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="First American Corporation">First American</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Financial_Bankshares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Financial Bankshares (page does not exist)">First Financial Bankshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="First Horizon">First Horizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstCash" title="FirstCash">FirstCash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNB_Corporation" title="FNB Corporation">FNB Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_Bank" title="Frost Bank">Frost Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Bancorp" title="Glacier Bancorp">Glacier Bancorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Lane" title="Hamilton Lane">Hamilton Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_Whitney" title="Hancock Whitney">Hancock Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Insurance" title="Hanover Insurance">Hanover Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_BancShares" title="Home BancShares">Home BancShares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houlihan_Lokey" title="Houlihan Lokey">Houlihan Lokey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_Brokers" title="Interactive Brokers">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_of_Commerce" title="International Bank of Commerce">Intl Bancshares Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_Henderson" title="Janus Henderson">Janus Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferies_Financial_Group" title="Jefferies Financial Group">Jefferies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemper_Corporation" title="Kemper Corporation">Kemper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinsale_Capital_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinsale Capital Group (page does not exist)">Kinsale Capital Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGIC_Investment_Corporation" title="MGIC Investment Corporation">MGIC Investment Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningstar,_Inc." title="Morningstar, Inc.">Morningstar, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Community_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Community Bank">New York Community Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_National_Bank" title="Old National Bank">Old National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Republic_International" title="Old Republic International">Old Republic International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnacle_Financial_Partners" title="Pinnacle Financial Partners">Pinnacle Financial Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primerica" title="Primerica">Primerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_Bancshares" title="Prosperity Bancshares">Prosperity Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance_Group_of_America" title="Reinsurance Group of America">Reinsurance Group of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RenaissanceRe" title="RenaissanceRe">RenaissanceRe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RLI_Corp." title="RLI Corp.">RLI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryan_Specialty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryan Specialty (page does not exist)">Ryan Specialty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEI_Investments_Company" title="SEI Investments Company">SEI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selective_Insurance_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selective Insurance Group (page does not exist)">Selective Insurance Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Mae" title="Sallie Mae">SLM Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift4" title="Shift4">Shift4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_State_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="South State Bank">South State Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starwood_Property_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starwood Property Trust (page does not exist)">Starwood Property Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifel" title="Stifel">Stifel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synovus" title="Synovus">Synovus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Capital_Bancshares" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Capital Bancshares">Texas Capital Bancshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMB_Financial_Corporation" title="UMB Financial Corporation">UMB Financial Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Bankshares" class="mw-redirect" title="United Bankshares">United Bankshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unum" title="Unum">Unum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Bank" title="Valley Bank">Valley Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voya_Financial" title="Voya Financial">Voya Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Bank" title="Webster Bank">Webster Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Alliance_Bancorporation" title="Western Alliance Bancorporation">Western Alliance Bancorporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEX_Inc." title="WEX Inc.">WEX Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Wintrust">Wintrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zions_Bancorporation" title="Zions Bancorporation">Zions Bancorporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information <br />Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allegro_MicroSystems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allegro MicroSystems (page does not exist)">Allegro MicroSystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altair_Engineering" title="Altair Engineering">Altair Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amkor_Technology" title="Amkor Technology">Amkor Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppFolio" title="AppFolio">AppFolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Electronics" title="Arrow Electronics">Arrow Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen_Technology" title="Aspen Technology">Aspen Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avnet" title="Avnet">Avnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belden_(electronics_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belden (electronics company)">Belden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill.com" title="Bill.com">Bill Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbaud" title="Blackbaud">Blackbaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciena" title="Ciena">Ciena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirrus_Logic" title="Cirrus Logic">Cirrus Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognex_Corporation" title="Cognex Corporation">Cognex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherent_Corp." title="Coherent Corp.">Coherent Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CommVault_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="CommVault Systems">CommVault Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_Merchandising_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Crane Merchandising Systems">Crane NXT</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dolby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docusign" title="Docusign">Docusign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynatrace" title="Dynatrace">Dynatrace</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabrinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabrinet (page does not exist)">Fabrinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flex_Ltd." title="Flex Ltd.">Flex Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidewire_Software" title="Guidewire Software">Guidewire Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPG_Photonics" title="IPG Photonics">IPG Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyndryl" title="Kyndryl">Kyndryl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_Semiconductor" title="Lattice Semiconductor">Lattice Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littelfuse" title="Littelfuse">Littelfuse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumentum_Holdings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumentum Holdings (page does not exist)">Lumentum Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MACOM_Technology_Solutions" title="MACOM Technology Solutions">MACOM Technology Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manhattan_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhattan Associates (page does not exist)">Manhattan Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKS_Instruments" title="MKS Instruments">MKS Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novanta (page does not exist)">Novanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onto_Innovation" title="Onto Innovation">Onto Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_Integrations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Power Integrations (page does not exist)">Power Integrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Storage" title="Pure Storage">Pure Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualys" title="Qualys">Qualys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambus" title="Rambus">Rambus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Labs" title="Silicon Labs">Silicon Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaptics" title="Synaptics">Synaptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Synnex" title="TD Synnex">TD Synnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teradata" title="Teradata">Teradata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Display_Corporation" title="Universal Display Corporation">Universal Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vontier" title="Vontier">Vontier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication <br />Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Communications" title="Frontier Communications">Frontier Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_Communications" title="Iridium Communications">Iridium Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKO_Group_Holdings" title="TKO Group Holdings">TKO Group Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZoomInfo" title="ZoomInfo">ZoomInfo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Real Estate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agree_Realty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agree Realty (page does not exist)">Agree Realty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixmor_Property_Group" title="Brixmor Property Group">Brixmor Property Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COPT_Defense_Properties" title="COPT Defense Properties">COPT Defense Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousins_Properties" title="Cousins Properties">Cousins Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CubeSmart" title="CubeSmart">CubeSmart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EastGroup_Properties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EastGroup Properties (page does not exist)">EastGroup Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPR_Properties" title="EPR Properties">EPR Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equity_Lifestyle_Properties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equity Lifestyle Properties (page does not exist)">Equity Lifestyle Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Industrial_Realty_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Industrial Realty Trust (page does not exist)">First Industrial Realty Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_and_Leisure_Properties" title="Gaming and Leisure Properties">Gaming and Leisure Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healthcare_Realty_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healthcare Realty Trust (page does not exist)">Healthcare Realty Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRT_Living&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IRT Living (page does not exist)">IRT Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JLL_(company)" title="JLL (company)">Jones Lang LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilroy_Realty_Corp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilroy Realty Corp (page does not exist)">Kilroy Realty Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kite_Realty_Group_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kite Realty Group Trust (page does not exist)">Kite Realty Group Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Advertising_Company" title="Lamar Advertising Company">Lamar Advertising Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Storage_Affiliates_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Storage Affiliates Trust (page does not exist)">National Storage Affiliates Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNN_Reit" title="NNN Reit">NNN Reit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_Healthcare_Investors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega Healthcare Investors (page does not exist)">Omega Healthcare Investors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="Park Hotels & Resorts">Park Hotels & Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physicians_Realty_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physicians Realty Trust (page does not exist)">Physicians Realty Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PotlatchDeltic" title="PotlatchDeltic">PotlatchDeltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonier" title="Rayonier">Rayonier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexford_Industrial_Realty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexford Industrial Realty (page does not exist)">Rexford Industrial Realty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabra_Health_Care_REIT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabra Health Care REIT (page does not exist)">Sabra Health Care REIT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STAG_Industrial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STAG Industrial (page does not exist)">STAG Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vornado_Realty_Trust" title="Vornado Realty Trust">Vornado Realty Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._P._Carey" title="W. P. Carey">W. P. Carey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALLETE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALLETE (page does not exist)">ALLETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_Corporation" title="Black Hills Corporation">Black Hills Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Utilities" title="Essential Utilities">Essential Utilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idacorp" title="Idacorp">Idacorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fuel_Gas" title="National Fuel Gas">National Fuel Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Resources" title="New Jersey Resources">New Jersey Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NorthWestern_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NorthWestern Corporation">NorthWestern Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGE_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="OGE Energy">OGE Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONE_Gas" class="mw-redirect" title="ONE Gas">ONE Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormat_Technologies" title="Ormat Technologies">Ormat Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_General_Electric" title="Portland General Electric">Portland General Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Gas" title="Southwest Gas">Southwest Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spire_Inc." title="Spire Inc.">Spire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TXNM_Energy" title="TXNM Energy">TXNM Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGI_Corporation" title="UGI Corporation">UGI Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261288#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1090" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261288#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1090" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261288#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403672494">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154408296">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ドルビーラボラトリーズ"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/21156988792761000685">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5109933-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87120718">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001329532">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/330264">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dolby_Laboratories,_Inc." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dolby Laboratories, Inc.">Dolby Laboratories, Inc.</a></span>.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolby&oldid=1273957466">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolby&oldid=1273957466</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dolby_Laboratories" title="Category:Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Audio_codecs" title="Category:Audio codecs">Audio codecs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Digital_audio" title="Category:Digital audio">Digital audio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_sound_production" title="Category:Film sound production">Film sound production</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High_dynamic_range" title="Category:High dynamic range">High dynamic range</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Electronics_companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Electronics companies of the United States">Electronics companies of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Entertainment_companies_based_in_California" title="Category:Entertainment companies based in California">Entertainment companies based in California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Technology_companies_based_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Category:Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area">Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_San_Francisco" title="Category:Companies based in San Francisco">Companies based in San Francisco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1965" title="Category:American companies established in 1965">American companies established in 1965</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Electronics_companies_established_in_1965" title="Category:Electronics companies established in 1965">Electronics companies established in 1965</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Technology_companies_established_in_1965" title="Category:Technology companies established in 1965">Technology companies established in 1965</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1965_establishments_in_England" title="Category:1965 establishments in England">1965 establishments in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange">Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2005_initial_public_offerings" title="Category:2005 initial public offerings">2005 initial public offerings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_in_the_S%26P_400" title="Category:Companies in the S&P 400">Companies in the S&P 400</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2012" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2012">Articles lacking reliable references from April 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2019">Use mdy dates from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_October_2022" title="Category:Use American English from October 2022">Use American English from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:OpenCorporates_groupings" title="Category:OpenCorporates groupings">OpenCorporates groupings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 February 2025, at 19:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolby&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dolby</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>31 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-slwx6","wgBackendResponseTime":198,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.804","walltime":"1.022","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5858,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":179464,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8509,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":210101,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 829.900 1 -total"," 37.27% 309.277 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.17% 167.378 31 Template:Cite_web"," 15.46% 128.326 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 14.36% 119.143 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.09% 75.476 1 Template:Primary_sources"," 8.63% 71.587 1 Template:Ambox"," 7.05% 58.504 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.31% 52.342 12 Template:Cite_news"," 5.87% 48.694 5 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.467","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8936214,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-db78ccbbf-hxs6m","timestamp":"20250228035131","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dolby","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolby","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q261288","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q261288","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-01T06:01:36Z","dateModified":"2025-02-04T19:41:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/85\/Dolby_Laboratories%2C_Inc._headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK1%29.jpg","headline":"American company specializing in audio noise reduction and audio encoding\/compression"}</script> </body> </html>