iOS 18 reboots iThings after 72 hours - secretly and smartly • The Register

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srcset="/design_picker/f5daacc84b9722c1e31ba85f836c37e4ad993fc4/graphics/icons/bubble_comment_white.svg"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="header_right"> <h1>iOS 18 added secret and smart security feature that reboots iThings after three days</h1> </div> <div class="header_left"> <div class="comments_wrap desktop_only"> <a class="comment_count" aria-label="Read comments on this article, currently there are 37 comments" title="View comments on this article" href="https://forums.theregister.com/forum/all/2024/11/19/ios_18_secret_reboot/"> <strong aria-hidden="true">37</strong> <img aria-hidden="true" width="18" height="16" alt="comment bubble on white" src="/design_picker/f5daacc84b9722c1e31ba85f836c37e4ad993fc4/graphics/icons/bubble_comment_white.png" srcset="/design_picker/f5daacc84b9722c1e31ba85f836c37e4ad993fc4/graphics/icons/bubble_comment_white.svg"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="header_right"> <h2>Security researcher's reverse engineering effort reveals undocumented reboot timer that will make life harder for attackers</h2> <div class="byline_and_dateline_and_share_and_comments"> <div class="byline_wrap"> <img class="vulture_icon" src="/design_picker/d518b499f8a6e2c65d4d8c49aca8299d54b03012/graphics/icon/vulture_red.svg" alt="icon"> <a class="byline" href="/Author/Thomas-Claburn" title="Read more by this author"> Thomas Claburn </a> </div> <div class="dateline_wrap"> <span class="dateline"> Tue 19 Nov 2024 <span class="slashes"> // </span> 08:31 UTC </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id=main-col> <div id="article-wrapper" class="article_wrap"> <div class="left_col"> <div class="floating_bar"> <div class="sharing_widget_story_desktop uses_overlay"> <button class="top_blob" aria-label="Share this story" title="Share this story"> <img width="25" height="25" src="/design_picker/d2e337b97204af4aa34dda04c4e5d56d954b216f/graphics/icons/social_share_icon.svg" alt=""> </button> <div class="sharing_widget_overlay" id="sharing_widget_overlay_2"> <div class="sharing_box"> <a data-social="reddit" href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/19/ios_18_secret_reboot/%3futm_medium%3dshare%26utm_content%3darticle%26utm_source%3dreddit&title=iOS%2018%20added%20secret%20and%20smart%20security%20feature%20that%20reboots%20iThings%20after%20three%20days" target="_blank"> </a> <a data-social="twitter" class="twit" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=iOS%2018%20added%20secret%20and%20smart%20security%20feature%20that%20reboots%20iThings%20after%20three%20days&url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/19/ios_18_secret_reboot/%3futm_medium%3dshare%26utm_content%3darticle%26utm_source%3dtwitter&via=theregister" target="_blank"> </a> <a data-social="facebook" class="faceb_dialog" href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?app_id=1404095453459035&display=popup&link=https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/19/ios_18_secret_reboot/%3futm_medium%3dshare%26utm_content%3darticle%26utm_source%3dfacebook" target="_blank"> </a> <br class="hide_after_sm"> <a data-social="linkedin" class="linkedin_social" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/19/ios_18_secret_reboot/%3futm_medium%3dshare%26utm_content%3darticle%26utm_source%3dlinkedin&title=iOS%2018%20added%20secret%20and%20smart%20security%20feature%20that%20reboots%20iThings%20after%20three%20days&summary=Security%20researcher%27s%20reverse%20engineering%20effort%20reveals%20undocumented%20reboot%20timer%20that%20will%20make%20life%20harder%20for%20attackers" target="_blank"> </a> <a data-social="whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/19/ios_18_secret_reboot/%3futm_medium%3dshare%26utm_content%3darticle%26utm_source%3dwhatsapp" target="_blank"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="promo_advert"> </div> </div> <div class="centre_col"> <div id="article"> <div id="body"> <p>Apple's latest mobile operating system, iOS 18, appears to have added an undocumented security feature that reboots devices if they’re not used for 72 hours.</p> <p>This has implications for anyone trying to maintain access to a stolen or lawfully seized iOS device without a valid passcode.</p> <p>When an iPhone reboots, it enters a state called <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://blogs.dsu.edu/digforce/2023/08/23/bfu-and-afu-lock-states">Before First Unlock</a> (BFU) during which the files it contains are encrypted. Once it has been unlocked with a passcode, its state changes to After First Unlock (AFU). At that point the machine is less secure and files become mostly accessible because most encryption keys have been loaded into device memory. But other protections like the lock screen remain, and accessing some data – like Apple Mail, Apple Health, Keychain and location data – may still require a passcode.</p> <div aria-hidden="true" class="adun" data-pos="top" data-raptor="condor" data-xsm=",fluid,mpu," data-sm=",fluid,mpu," data-md=",fluid,mpu,"> <noscript> <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0" target="_blank"> <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0" alt=""> </a> </noscript> </div> <p>If they can’t get full access using a passcode, AFU is the preferred state for attackers and law enforcement agencies because the barriers to access are lower. So having an iPhone reboot itself after 72 hours of inactivity enter BFU reduces the window of opportunity for anyone trying to access data on Apple’s hardware.</p> <div aria-hidden="true" class="adun" data-pos="top" data-raptor="falcon" data-xmd=",fluid,mpu,leaderboard," data-lg=",fluid,mpu,leaderboard," data-xlg=",fluid,billboard,superleaderboard,mpu,leaderboard," data-xxlg=",fluid,billboard,superleaderboard,brandwidth,brandimpact,leaderboard,mpu,"> <noscript> <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0" target="_blank"> <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D426raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0" alt=""> </a> </noscript> </div> <div class="adun_eagle_desktop_story_wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="adun" data-pos="mid" data-raptor="eagle" data-xxlg=",mpu,dmpu,"> <noscript> <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0" target="_blank"> <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0" alt=""> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> <p>In the absence of official details from Apple, security researcher Jiska Classen has <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://naehrdine.blogspot.com/2024/11/reverse-engineering-ios-18-inactivity.html">published</a> an account of her reverse engineering efforts, which reveal how Apple implemented its Inactivity Reboot mechanism.</p> <p>Classen undertook the exploration following reports that iPhones running iOS 18 have been rebooting after three days, even when completely isolated from a wireless network, and that iDevices can direct other Apple mobile hardware with older operating systems to reboot.</p> <div aria-hidden="true" class="adun" data-pos="top" data-raptor="falcon" data-xsm=",fluid,mpu," data-sm=",fluid,mpu," data-md=",fluid,mpu,"> <noscript> <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0" target="_blank"> <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D426raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0" alt=""> </a> </noscript> </div> <p>Classen was able to confirm the 72-hour reboot timer, but found no evidence of intra-device communication capable of triggering a reboot. To the extent older iOS devices are rebooting, she said there's probably another reason – such as a software bug.</p> <p>Magnet Forensics <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.magnetforensics.com/blog/understanding-the-security-impacts-of-ios-18s-inactivity-reboot/">notes</a> that some iOS device reboots may follow from memory maintenance through a process identified in logs as "<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/iphone/comments/xh17cw/is_there_anyone_knows_what_is_systemmemoryreset/">SystemMemoryReset</a>."</p> <p>To find evidence of iOS 18's time-based rebooting behavior, Classen scoured <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://github.com/blacktop/ipsw-diffs">a GitHub repo</a> maintained by fellow researcher "blacktop" that contains a version history of the strings used in iOS releases.</p> <ul class="listinks"> <li><a href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/17/passkeys_passwords/">Will passkeys ever replace passwords? Can they?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/18/tmobile_us_attack_salt_typhoon/">T-Mobile US 'monitoring' China's 'industry-wide attack' amid fresh security breach fears</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/18/battery_fail_sound_ai/">NIST trains AI to hear the 'oh crap' moment before batteries explode</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/18/teenage_serial_swatterforhire_busted/">Teen serial swatter-for-hire busted, pleads guilty, could face 20 years</a></li> </ul> <p>Classen eventually found the string "inactivity_reboot" in iOS 18.1 and iOS 18.2. By delving into Apple's Security Enclave Processor (SEP) and the AppleSEPKeyStore kernel module, she found that the SEP tells the kernel module when the last unlock time has exceeded three days. The kernel module then tells user space to reboot, with the SpringBoard home screen manager handling the process termination to avoid data loss.</p> <p>A <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOe2rDKOWMk">time-lapse video demonstration</a> shows that an iPhone running iOS 18.2 beta 2 rebooting after being powered on and left alone for 72 hours.</p> <div aria-hidden="true" class="adun" id="story_eagle_xsm_sm_md_xmd_lg_xlg" data-pos="mid" data-raptor="eagle" data-xsm=",mpu,dmpu," data-sm=",mpu,dmpu," data-md=",mpu,dmpu," data-xmd=",mpu,dmpu," data-lg=",mpu,dmpu," data-xlg=",mpu,dmpu,"> <noscript> <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0" target="_blank"> <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33Z0MPrIV9VxBt4bCF0Gp7DQAAAJM&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0" alt=""> </a> </noscript> </div> <p>"Security-wise, this is a very powerful mitigation," wrote Classen in her post. "An attacker must have kernel code execution to prevent an inactivity reboot. This means that a forensic analyst might be able to delay the reboot for the actual data extraction, but the initial exploit must be run within the first three days."</p> <p>Forensic analysis tools <a target="_blank" href="https://www.theregister.com/2018/06/14/apple_usb_restricted_mode_hourly/">like Cellebrite</a> can obtain <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://cellebrite.com/en/what-can-be-recovered-from-bfu-data-collection/">mostly system data</a> if limited to BFU access – though some user data may be available from .KTX files that Apple uses to display thumbnails of SMS messages.</p> <p>Classen observed that "Inactivity reboot will change the threat landscape for both thieves and forensic analysts, but asymmetrically so: while law enforcement is under more time pressure, it likely completely locks out criminals from accessing your data to get into your bank accounts and other valuable information stored on your iPhone." ®</p> <div class="wptl btm"> <noscript><strong>Get 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<span class="keyword_name"> AdBlock Plus </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Advanced%20persistent%20threat/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Advanced persistent threat </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/AirTag/" > <span class="keyword_name"> AirTag </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/App/" > <span class="keyword_name"> App </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Apple%20M1/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Apple M1 </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Application%20Delivery%20Controller/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Application Delivery Controller </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/App%20stores/" > <span class="keyword_name"> App stores </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Audacity/Audio%20Editor/" title="Disambiguation: Audio Editor" > <span class="keyword_name"> Audacity </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Authentication/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Authentication </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/BEC/" > <span class="keyword_name"> BEC </span> </a> </li> <li> <a 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Security Agency </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Cybersecurity%20Information%20Sharing%20Act/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Database/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Database </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Data%20Breach/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Data Breach </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Data%20Protection/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Data Protection </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Data%20Theft/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Data Theft </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/DDoS/" > <span class="keyword_name"> DDoS </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/DEF%20CON/" > <span class="keyword_name"> DEF CON </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Digital%20certificate/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Digital certificate </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Encryption/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Encryption </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Exploit/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Exploit </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Firewall/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Firewall </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/FOSDEM/" > <span class="keyword_name"> FOSDEM </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/FOSS/" > <span class="keyword_name"> FOSS </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Grab/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Grab </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Graphics%20Interchange%20Format/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Graphics Interchange Format </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Hacker/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Hacker </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Hacking/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Hacking </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Hacktivism/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Hacktivism </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iCloud/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iCloud </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/IDE/" > <span class="keyword_name"> IDE </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Identity%20Theft/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Identity Theft </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iMac/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iMac </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Incident%20response/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Incident response </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Infosec/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Infosec </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Infrastructure%20Security/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Infrastructure Security </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iPad/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iPad </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iPhone/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iPhone </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iPod/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iPod </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iTunes/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iTunes </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Jenkins/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Jenkins </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Kenna%20Security/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Kenna Security </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Legacy%20Technology/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Legacy Technology </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/LibreOffice/" > <span class="keyword_name"> LibreOffice </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Mac/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Mac </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/MacBook/" > <span class="keyword_name"> MacBook </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Map/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Map </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Microsoft%20365/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Microsoft 365 </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Microsoft%20Office/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Microsoft Office </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Microsoft%20Teams/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Microsoft Teams </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Mobile%20Device%20Management/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Mobile Device Management </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/NCSAM/" > <span class="keyword_name"> NCSAM </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/NCSC/" > <span class="keyword_name"> NCSC </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/OpenOffice/" > <span class="keyword_name"> OpenOffice </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Palo%20Alto%20Networks/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Palo Alto Networks </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Password/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Password </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Phishing/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Phishing </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Programming%20Language/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Programming Language </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/QR%20code/" > <span class="keyword_name"> QR code </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Quantum%20key%20distribution/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Quantum key distribution </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Ransomware/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Ransomware </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Remote%20Access%20Trojan/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Remote Access Trojan </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Retro%20computing/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Retro computing </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/REvil/" > <span class="keyword_name"> REvil </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/RSA%20Conference/" > <span class="keyword_name"> RSA Conference </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Safari/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Safari </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Search%20Engine/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Search Engine </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Siri/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Siri </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Software%20bug/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Software bug </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Software%20License/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Software License </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Spamming/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Spamming </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Spyware/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Spyware </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Surveillance/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Surveillance </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Text%20Editor/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Text Editor </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Tim%20Cook/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Tim Cook </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/TLS/" > <span class="keyword_name"> TLS </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Trojan/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Trojan </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Trusted%20Platform%20Module/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Trusted Platform Module </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/User%20interface/" > <span class="keyword_name"> User interface </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Visual%20Studio/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Visual Studio </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Visual%20Studio%20Code/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Visual Studio Code </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Vulnerability/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Vulnerability </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Wannacry/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Wannacry </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/WebAssembly/" > <span class="keyword_name"> WebAssembly </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Web%20Browser/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Web Browser </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/WordPress/" > <span class="keyword_name"> WordPress </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Zero%20trust/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Zero trust </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="keyword_group parent_topics"> <h3>Broader topics</h3> <ul class="keywords"> <li> <a href="/Tag/Operating%20System/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Operating System </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Steve%20Jobs/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Steve Jobs </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Steve%20Wozniak/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Steve Wozniak </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right_col mobile_only"> <div class="similar_topics"> <h4>More about</h4> </div> </div> <div class="left_col main_content"> <div class="sharing_block"> <div class=article_body_btm> <div class="sharing_widget_story_desktop uses_overlay"> <button class="top_blob" 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href="/Tag/Apple/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Apple </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iOS/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iOS </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Security/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Security </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="keyword_wrap" style="display: none;"> <div class="keyword_trigger">More like these</div> </div> <div class="lightbox_overlay"> <div class="keyword_popup more_topics"> <div class="close">×</div> <div class="keyword_group similar_topics"> <h3>More about</h3> <ul class="keywords"> <li> <a href="/Tag/Apple/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Apple </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iOS/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iOS </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Security/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Security </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Software/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Software </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="keyword_group child_topics"> <h3>Narrower topics</h3> <ul class="keywords"> <li> <a href="/Tag/2FA/" > <span class="keyword_name"> 2FA </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/AdBlock%20Plus/" > <span class="keyword_name"> AdBlock Plus </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Advanced%20persistent%20threat/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Advanced persistent threat </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/AirTag/" > <span class="keyword_name"> AirTag </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/App/" > <span class="keyword_name"> App </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Apple%20M1/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Apple M1 </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Application%20Delivery%20Controller/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Application Delivery Controller </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/App%20stores/" > <span class="keyword_name"> App stores </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Audacity/Audio%20Editor/" title="Disambiguation: Audio Editor" > <span class="keyword_name"> Audacity </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Authentication/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Authentication </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/BEC/" > <span class="keyword_name"> BEC </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Black%20Hat/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Black Hat </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/BSides/" > <span class="keyword_name"> BSides </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Bug%20Bounty/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Bug Bounty </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/CHERI/" > <span class="keyword_name"> CHERI </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/CISO/" > <span class="keyword_name"> CISO </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Common%20Vulnerability%20Scoring%20System/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Common Vulnerability Scoring System </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Confluence/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Confluence </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Cybercrime/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Cybercrime </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Cybersecurity/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Cybersecurity </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Cybersecurity%20and%20Infrastructure%20Security%20Agency/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Cybersecurity%20Information%20Sharing%20Act/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Database/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Database </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Data%20Breach/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Data Breach </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Data%20Protection/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Data Protection </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Data%20Theft/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Data Theft </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/DDoS/" > <span class="keyword_name"> DDoS </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/DEF%20CON/" > <span class="keyword_name"> DEF CON </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Digital%20certificate/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Digital certificate </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Encryption/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Encryption </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Exploit/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Exploit </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Firewall/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Firewall </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/FOSDEM/" > <span class="keyword_name"> FOSDEM </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/FOSS/" > <span class="keyword_name"> FOSS </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Grab/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Grab </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Graphics%20Interchange%20Format/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Graphics Interchange Format </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Hacker/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Hacker </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Hacking/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Hacking </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Hacktivism/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Hacktivism </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iCloud/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iCloud </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/IDE/" > <span class="keyword_name"> IDE </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Identity%20Theft/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Identity Theft </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iMac/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iMac </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Incident%20response/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Incident response </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Infosec/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Infosec </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Infrastructure%20Security/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Infrastructure Security </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iPad/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iPad </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iPhone/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iPhone </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iPod/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iPod </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/iTunes/" > <span class="keyword_name"> iTunes </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Jenkins/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Jenkins </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Kenna%20Security/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Kenna Security </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Legacy%20Technology/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Legacy Technology </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/LibreOffice/" > <span class="keyword_name"> LibreOffice </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Mac/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Mac </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/MacBook/" > <span class="keyword_name"> MacBook </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Map/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Map </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Microsoft%20365/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Microsoft 365 </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Microsoft%20Office/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Microsoft Office </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Microsoft%20Teams/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Microsoft Teams </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Mobile%20Device%20Management/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Mobile Device Management </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/NCSAM/" > <span class="keyword_name"> NCSAM </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/NCSC/" > <span class="keyword_name"> NCSC </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/OpenOffice/" > <span class="keyword_name"> OpenOffice </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Palo%20Alto%20Networks/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Palo Alto Networks </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Password/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Password </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Phishing/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Phishing </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Programming%20Language/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Programming Language </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/QR%20code/" > <span class="keyword_name"> QR code </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Quantum%20key%20distribution/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Quantum key distribution </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Ransomware/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Ransomware </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Remote%20Access%20Trojan/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Remote Access Trojan </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Retro%20computing/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Retro computing </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/REvil/" > <span class="keyword_name"> REvil </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/RSA%20Conference/" > <span class="keyword_name"> RSA Conference </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Safari/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Safari </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Search%20Engine/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Search Engine </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Siri/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Siri </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Software%20bug/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Software bug </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Software%20License/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Software License </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Spamming/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Spamming </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Spyware/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Spyware </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Surveillance/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Surveillance </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Text%20Editor/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Text Editor </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Tim%20Cook/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Tim Cook </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/TLS/" > <span class="keyword_name"> TLS </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Trojan/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Trojan </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Trusted%20Platform%20Module/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Trusted Platform Module </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/User%20interface/" > <span class="keyword_name"> User interface </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Visual%20Studio/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Visual Studio </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Visual%20Studio%20Code/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Visual Studio Code </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Vulnerability/" > <span class="keyword_name"> Vulnerability </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/Tag/Wannacry/" 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