Татарская энциклопедия

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ru"> <head>  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tatarica" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Татарская энциклопедия" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://tatarica.org/application/themes/tatarica/img/faviconTat.png" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/application/themes/tatarica/img/faviconTat.png" type="image/x-icon">    <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/application/themes/tatarica/fonts/Montserrat/montserrat-v14-cyrillic-ext_latin-ext_latin_cyrillic-300.woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/application/themes/tatarica/fonts/Montserrat/montserrat-v14-cyrillic-ext_latin-ext_latin_cyrillic-regular.woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/application/themes/tatarica/fonts/Montserrat/montserrat-v14-cyrillic-ext_latin-ext_latin_cyrillic-500.woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/application/themes/tatarica/fonts/Montserrat/montserrat-v14-cyrillic-ext_latin-ext_latin_cyrillic-700.woff2" crossorigin>   <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/slick/slick.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/slick/slick-theme.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/masonry-new/css/default.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/masonry-new/css/component.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/custom-scroll/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/video-js/video-js.min.css">  <link href="/application/files/cache/css/tatarica/tatarica.css?ts=1741077545" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all">  <link href="/application/files/cache/css/tatarica/tatarica-concrete.css?ts=1741077545" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all">  <title>Татарская энциклопедия</title> <meta name="description" content="Татарская энциклопедия"/> <meta name="generator" content="concrete5 - 8.4.0"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tatarica.org/ru"> <script type="text/javascript"> var CCM_DISPATCHER_FILENAME = "/index.php"; var CCM_CID = 1; var CCM_EDIT_MODE = false; var CCM_ARRANGE_MODE = false; var CCM_IMAGE_PATH = "/concrete/images"; var CCM_TOOLS_PATH = "/index.php/tools/required"; var CCM_APPLICATION_URL = "https://tatarica.org"; var CCM_REL = ""; var CCM_ACTIVE_LOCALE = "ru_RU"; </script> <link href="/application/files/cache/css/f833e1a9e8e0daddd7bebe9fdfcae525578e7328.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" data-source="/concrete/css/selectize.css /concrete/css/font-awesome.css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/concrete/js/jquery.js"></script>   <link href="/application/files/cache/css/dcdf0d8e8c48c49ef1250c2c188edcdacc209026.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" data-source="/concrete/css/jquery-ui.css /application/blocks/main_page/view.css">  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date();k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(52677412, "init", { clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:true }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/52677412" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>  </head> <body class="tatarica"> <div class="ccm-page page-type-page-type-home page-template-page-template-full"> <div class="modals"> <div class="modal fade" id="profileEdit" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div id="error"></div> <div class="modal-dialog vertical-align-center"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true"></button> <div class="switch"> <div class="switch-item switch-item--active" data-name="form-auth"> <div class="switch-arrow switch-arrow--left"></div> <span>Авторизация</span> </div> <div class="switch-item" data-name="form-reg"> <span>Регистрация</span> <div class="switch-arrow switch-arrow--right"></div> </div> </div> </div> <form class="form-auth popup-ajax form-stacked" method="post" id="formReg" action="https://tatarica.org/register/do_register"> <input type="hidden" name="ccm_token" value="1744332420:90fa33deccb046f5833b808bf8de48c0" /> <input type="hidden" name="format" value="JSON"/> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="tip__help"> <input type="text" name="uName" class="modal-field" placeholder="Логин *"> <div class="tip"> <div class="tip__popup animated fadeInUp"> Поле логин может содержать только буквы латинского алфавита, цифры, точки (если они не в начале и в конце) </div> </div> </div> <input type="text" name="uFirstName" class="modal-field" placeholder="Имя *"> <input type="text" name="uSecondName" class="modal-field" placeholder="Фамилия *"> <input type="text" name="uDateBirth" id="uDateBirth" class="modal-field ccm-input-date datepicker" placeholder="Год рождения *"> <select name="uSex" class="modal-field"> <option value="" disabled selected >Пол *</option> <option value="male">Мужской</option> <option value="female">Женский</option> </select> <input type="text" name="uAddress" class="modal-field" placeholder="Место проживания *" value=""> <select name="uLanguage" class="modal-field"> <option value="" disabled selected >Предпочитаемый язык *</option> <option value="ru_RU">Русский</option> <option value="tt_TT">Татарский</option> </select> <input type="text" name="uEducation" class="modal-field" placeholder="Образование *" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="uInterestedIn" value="0"> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('input[name="uInterestedIn"]').selectize({ placeholder: 'Область интересов *', valueField: 'id', labelField: 'title', searchField: 'title', options: [{"id":"399","title":"\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c"},{"id":"380","title":"\u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d"},{"id":"27040","title":"\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430"},{"id":"199","title":"\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b"},{"id":"200","title":"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f"},{"id":"213","title":"\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435"},{"id":"330","title":"\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435"},{"id":"201","title":"\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430"},{"id":"214","title":"\u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430"},{"id":"215","title":"\u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f"},{"id":"381","title":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430"},{"id":"395","title":"\u041c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f"},{"id":"406","title":"\u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430"},{"id":"419","title":"\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442"},{"id":"424","title":"\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438"},{"id":"433","title":"\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e"},{"id":"1629","title":"\u0425\u0425 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0445"},{"id":"7460","title":"\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440"},{"id":"9303","title":"\u0418\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u044b"}], items: [], plugins: ['remove_button'], maxItems: 50, maxOptions: 50, create: false, }); }); </script> <div class="tip__help"> <input type="email" name="uEmail" class="modal-field" placeholder="Email *"> <div class="tip"> <div class="tip__popup animated fadeInUp"> Адрес электронной почты должен содержать символ "@" </div> </div> </div> <input type="password" name="uPassword" class="modal-field" placeholder="Пароль *"> <input type="password" name="uPasswordConfirm" class="modal-field" placeholder="Подтвердите пароль *" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" id="uDefaultLanguage" name="uDefaultLanguage" value="ru_RU" /> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <label class="modal-check checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="check-agreement" name="agreement"> <span class="checkbox__text">Согласие на обработку данных</span> </label> <input type="hidden" id="rcID" name="rcID" value="" /> <input type="submit" class="modal-button modal-button--submit btn ccm-input-submit" disabled="" id="register" name="register" value="Регистрация" /> <div class="preloader"> <div class="cssload-container"> <div class="cssload-zenith"></div> </div> </div> </div> </form> <form class="form-auth popup-ajax" id="formAuth" method="post" action="https://tatarica.org/login/authenticate/concrete"> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="uNameAuth">Логин</label> <input name="uName" id="uNameAuth" class="form-control modal-field" autofocus="autofocus"/> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="uPasswordAuth">Пароль</label> <input name="uPassword" id="uPasswordAuth" class="form-control modal-field" type="password"/> </div>  </div> <div class="modal-footer "> <a href="#" class="modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#forgotPass">Забыли пароль</a> <input type="submit" class="modal-button modal-button--submit" id="login" value="Войти"> <div class="preloader"> <div class="cssload-container"> <div class="cssload-zenith"></div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="ccm_token" value="1744332420:623306e473fe038e27a7a748b3230a0e" /> <input type="hidden" name="format" value="JSON"/> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="forgotPass" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog vertical-align-center"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true"></button> <h1>Восстановление пароля</h1> </div> <div class="forgotPassword"> <form class="popup-ajax" method="post" action="https://tatarica.org/login/callback/concrete/forgot_password"> <input type="hidden" name="ccm_token" value="1744332420:176155f26c7301e726dbccd3c73c25ea" /> <div class="modal-body"> <h4>Забыли пароль?</h4> <div class="ccm-message"></div> <div class='help-block'> Введите ваш email адрес ниже. Мы отошлем вам инструкции для восстановления пароля. </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="uEmail">Email</label> <input name="uEmail" type="email" id="uEmail" class="form-control modal-field"/> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer "> <input type="submit" class="modal-button modal-button--submit" value="Сбросить пароль и отправить на email"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="format" value="JSON"/> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="user-page-modals"></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { $('#uDateBirth').datepicker({ dateFormat: 'dd.mm.yy', altFormat: 'dd.mm.yy', changeYear: true, showAnim: 'fadeIn', autocomplete: 'off', yearRange: 'c-100:c+0', }); $.fn.modal.Constructor.prototype.enforceFocus = function() {}; $('#check-agreement').click(function () { if ($(this).prop('checked')) { $('#register').removeAttr('disabled'); } else { $('#register').attr('disabled', true); } }); $('select').css('color', '#777777'); $('select option').css('color', '#000000'); $('select').on('change', function () { $(this).css('color', '#000000'); }); $('input[type="submit"]#login').click(function () { $(this).parent().find('.preloader').css('visibility', 'visible'); }) $('input[type="submit"]#register').click(function () { $(this).parent().find('.preloader').css('visibility', 'visible'); }) var selectedFiles = []; $('#upload-btn').click(function () { $('#file-input').click(); }); $('#file-input').on('change', function () { const newFiles = Array.from(this.files); selectedFiles = selectedFiles.concat(newFiles); newFiles.forEach(file => { $('#selected-files').append('<div>' + file.name + ' <span class="remove"></span></div>'); }); }); $('#selected-files').on('click', '.remove', function () { const fileName = $(this).parent().text().slice(0, -2); selectedFiles = selectedFiles.filter(file => file.name !== fileName); $(this).parent().remove(); }); $('#feedBackForm').submit(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); $('#feedBackSubmitButton').attr('disabled', true); var form = $(this); const formData = new FormData(); formData.append("msgBody", $("textarea[name='msgBody']").val()); selectedFiles.forEach((file, index) => { formData.append("files[]", file); }); $.ajax({ type: form.attr('method'), url: form.attr('action'), dataType: 'json', data: formData, cache: false, contentType: false, processData: false }).done(function (data) { if (data.status == 'success') { ConcreteAlert.notify({ message: data.message }); form.resetForm(); } else { ConcreteAlert.error({ message: 'Сервис временно недоступен' }); } selectedFiles = [] $("#selected-files div").remove(); form.closest('[role="dialog"]').modal('hide'); $('#feedBackSubmitButton').removeAttr('disabled'); }).fail(function (jqXHR, textStatus) { ConcreteAlert.error({ message: 'Сервис временно недоступен' }); selectedFiles = [] $("#selected-files div").remove(); form.closest('[role="dialog"]').modal('hide'); $('#feedBackSubmitButton').removeAttr('disabled'); }); }); }); </script> <div class="main-page"> <div class="area"> <div class="sidebar"> <header class="header"> <div class="header-left"> <div id="navigate-link" class="navigate-toggle"></div> <nav class="navigate"> <div class="navigate-back"> <svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="Слой_1" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 436 840" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid" style="enable-background:new 0 0 436 840;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st4 { fill-rule: evenodd; clip-rule: evenodd; fill: #40bd32; } .st5 { fill-rule: evenodd; clip-rule: evenodd; fill: #55c449; } </style> <g xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path class="st4" d="M402.9,445.9c0,0-128.1-45.7-163.2,66.1c-35.1,111.8-36.6,177.3-79.4,229.2C106,807,50,798.5,50,798.5v-670 c0,0,26.9,17.8,44.1,57.3c26.1,60,26.5,101.4,26.5,101.4s48.6-15.1,79.4,17.6s30.9,66.1,30.9,66.1s60.6-31.1,116.1-1.4 C402.2,399,402.9,445.9,402.9,445.9z"></path> </g> <g xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path class="st5" d="M50,693.6c0,0,58.7,1.8,102.1-78.1c16.1-29.6,17.2-85.2,38.9-142.7c18.8-49.7,49.1-66.3,49.1-66.3 s-34-7.2-65.4,0c-31.4,7.3-51.3,29.4-51.3,29.4s3.8-38.2-29.3-73.6c-33.1-35.4-44-51.5-44-51.5V693.6z"></path> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="navigate-header"></div> <div class="navigate-body scroll"> <div class="navigate-body flex"> <ul> <li> <a class="first-level" href="/ru/media">Медиагалерея</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/media/view/1">Любуюсь</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/media/view/2">Вижу</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/media/view/3">Слушаю</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/media/view/4">Читаю</a> </li> <li> <a class="first-level" href="/ru/chronograph">Хронограф</a> </li> <li> <a class="first-level" href="/ru/personalities">От А до Я</a> </li> <li> <a class="first-level" href="/ru/personal_account">Личный кабинет</a> </li> <li> <a class="first-level" href="/ru/about_us_ru">О нас</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/about_us_ru/avtory-tatarskoj-enciklopedii">Авторы Татарской энциклопедии</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/about_us_ru/o-proekte">О проекте Tatarica</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/about_us_ru/komanda-proekta">Команда проекта</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a class="first-level" href="/ru/razdely">Разделы</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/kazan">Казань</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/respublika-tatarstan">Республика Татарстан</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika">Библиотека Татарика</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/narody">Народы</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/istoriya">История</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/obrazovanie">Образование</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/zdravoohranenie">Здравоохранение</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/nauka">Наука</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/kultura">Культура</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/religiya">Религия</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/priroda">Природа</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/municipalnye-obrazovaniya">Муниципальные образования</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/ekonomika">Экономика</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/sport">Спорт</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/sredstva-massovoj-informacii">Средства массовой информации</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/voennoe-delo">Военное дело</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/hh-vek-na-videokadrah">ХХ век на видеокадрах</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/rossijskaya-federaciya">Места компактного проживания татар</a> </li> <li> <a class="second-level" href="/ru/razdely/ischeznuvshie-naselennye-punkty">Исчезнувшие населенные пункты</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="navigate-footer flex"> <div class="navigate-footer-left"> <p>© 2025. Tatarica.</p> <p>Татарская энциклопедия</p> </div> <div class="navigate-footer-right"> <p>Некоммерческий, научно-образовательный, культурно-просветительский проект.</p> </div> </div> </nav> <a class="logo" href="/ru"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/logo.svg" alt=""> </a> </div> <div class="header-right"> <div class="lang"> <div class="lang-current" data-locale="ru_RU"> <span>РУС</span> </div> <div class="lang-dropdown"> <ul> <li data-locale="ru_RU">РУС</li> <li data-locale="tt_TT">ТАТ</li> </ul> </div> </div> <a class="user" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#profileEdit"><img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/icons/cabinet.svg" alt=""></a> </div> </header> <div class="toolbar"> <div class="toolbar-wrapper"> <form id="search" class="search flex" action="/ru/search"> <input class="search-field" name="search" type="search" id="search_box" autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" value=""> <div class="search-control-panel"> <button type="button" class="button search-microphone-button" id="voice_trigger" title="Голосовой поиск"></button> <button class="button search-button" id="search_button">Искать</button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/application/themes/tatarica/css/search.css" > <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js-original/search.js?1"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var homepath = '/ru'; $(document).ready(function () { $('#search_box').autoComplete({ url: homepath + '/search/gethint', }); }); </script> <div class="sidebar-wrapper"> <div class="empty" style="min-height: 140px"></div> <div class="sidebar-top-block"> <div class="sidebar-top-block-slider"> <a class="top-block flex" href="/ru/razdely/kazan/kazan"> <div class="top-block-text"> <div class="top-block-text__title" > Казань </div> <div class="top-block-text__preview"> Столица Республики Татарстан; один из важных промышленных, научных и культурных центров Российской Федерации </div> </div> <div class="top-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/225.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="tag"> <div class="marker"><span>Главное</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-chronograph-block web"> <div class="chronograph-block chronograph-block-fix-date flex"> <div class="chronograph-block-date"> <div class="chronograph-block-date__title"> <a href="/ru/chronograph"> Хронограф </a> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-date__day"> <div class="day">11</div> <div class="month">апреля</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-chronograph-block-slider web"> <a class="chronograph-block flex" href="/ru/razdely/nauka/personalii/yalalov-farit-gabtelovich"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="https://tatarica.org/application/files/6316/0612/4623/Yalalov_F..jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родился Фарит Габтелович Ялалов </div> </div> </a> <a class="chronograph-block flex" href="/ru/razdely/istoriya/novejshee-vremya/personalii/batyrshin-nakij-huramshinovich"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родился Накий Хурамшинович Батыршин </div> </div> </a> <a class="chronograph-block flex" href="/ru/razdely/zdravoohranenie/personalii/rahmatullin-irek-mahmudovich"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родился Ирек Махмудович Рахматуллин </div> </div> </a> <a class="chronograph-block flex" href="/ru/razdely/istoriya/novejshee-vremya/personalii/zaharov-nikolaj-stepanovich"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родился Захаров Николай Степанович </div> </div> </a> <a class="chronograph-block flex" href="/ru/razdely/nauka/personalii/balalykina-ehmiliya-agafonovna"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родилась Эмилия Агафоновна Балалыкина </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-chronograph-block mob"> <div class="chronograph-block chronograph-block-fix-date"> <div class="chronograph-block-date"> <div class="chronograph-block-date__title"> <a href="/ru/chronograph"> Хронограф </a> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-date__day"> 11 апреля </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-chronograph-block-slider mobile"> <a class="chronograph-block" href="/ru/razdely/nauka/personalii/yalalov-farit-gabtelovich"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="https://tatarica.org/application/files/6316/0612/4623/Yalalov_F..jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родился Фарит Габтелович Ялалов </div> </div> </a> <a class="chronograph-block" href="/ru/razdely/istoriya/novejshee-vremya/personalii/batyrshin-nakij-huramshinovich"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родился Накий Хурамшинович Батыршин </div> </div> </a> <a class="chronograph-block" href="/ru/razdely/zdravoohranenie/personalii/rahmatullin-irek-mahmudovich"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родился Ирек Махмудович Рахматуллин </div> </div> </a> <a class="chronograph-block" href="/ru/razdely/istoriya/novejshee-vremya/personalii/zaharov-nikolaj-stepanovich"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родился Захаров Николай Степанович </div> </div> </a> <a class="chronograph-block" href="/ru/razdely/nauka/personalii/balalykina-ehmiliya-agafonovna"> <div class="chronograph-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--small"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="chronograph-block-text"> <div class="chronograph-block-text__preview"> Родилась Эмилия Агафоновна Балалыкина </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="container-fluid content-wrapper"> <div class="content-web"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-4 content-block content-block--vertical news-block-web bordered" style="border-bottom: 0; border-right: 0"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="content-block-title" style="margin-bottom: 10px"> Республика Татарстан </div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-slider"> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/respublika-tatarstan/personalii/minnihanov-rustam-nurgalievich"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/2515/4349/5474/print_3446567_2663972.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Минниханов Рустам Нургалиевич </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/respublika-tatarstan/gerb-respubliki-tatarstan"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/1615/4452/4139/gerb.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Герб Республики Татарстан </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-8 content-block content-block--vertical top10-slider-outer"> <div class="top10-slider" style="overflow: hidden;"> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/nauka/nauchnye-uchrezhdeniya/akademiya-nauk-respubliki-tatarstan"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Академия наук Республики Татарстан </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_500x500/9915/4417/9958/AN_zdan.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/priroda/gidrograficheskaya-set/reki/volga"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Волга </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_500x500/5215/4212/1590/volga4.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/priroda/klimat/zima"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Зима </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_500x500/6415/4253/5549/zima1.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/obrazovanie/vysshaya-shkola/kazanskij-universitet/kazanskij-universitet"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Казанский университет </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_500x500/7415/4416/5674/Kazanskij_universitet.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/nauka/nauchnye-uchrezhdeniya/institut-tatarskoj-enciklopedii-i-regionovedeniya"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Институт татарской энциклопедии и регионоведения </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="https://tatarica.org/application/files/8015/4418/0617/TE-rus-2.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="marker marker--white"><span>Все о Татарстане</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 content-block content-block--horizontal"> <a href="/ru/razdely/kultura/literatura/personalii/tukaj-gabdulla"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="marker marker--white"><span>Все о татарах</span> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_920x460/1415/4539/9284/tukai.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Тукай Габдулла </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 content-block content-block--horizontal bordered" style="border-top: 0; border-right: 0"> <a href="/ru/test_ru/iptsh-ty-znaesh-tatarskij-yazyk-prover"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="marker"><span>Тест</span></div> <div class="content-block-title"> Иптәш, ты знаешь татарский язык. Проверь! </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--small"> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 content-block content-block--horizontal"> <a href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/nauchnyj-tatarstan/nauchnyj-tatarstan"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Научный Татарстан </div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back dark"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/5016/4323/0235/NT_Zaglushka.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-4 content-block content-block--vertical news-block-web bordered" style="border-top: 0; border-left: 0"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="content-block-title" style="margin-bottom: 10px"> Наши издания </div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-slider"> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/izdaniya-instituta/kazan-organy-vlasti-i-samoupravleniya-1438-1920-gg"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/7316/5026/7318/Kazan_obl.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Казань: органы власти и самоуправления (1438–1920 гг.) </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/priroda-tatarstana/priroda-i-prirodnye-resursy-respubliki-tatarstan-1"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/6316/6781/0177/Oblozhka_Priroda_2.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Природа и природные ресурсы Республики Татарстан </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/izdaniya-instituta/volzhskie-bulgary-put-k-islamu"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/5416/6737/7338/Volzhskie_bulgary_Islam_obl.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Волжские булгары. Путь к исламу </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/izdaniya-instituta/kazan-istoricheskie-rajony-slobody-ulicy-ploshchadi-i-parki"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/2716/5648/9161/Oblozhka_Kazan_2.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Казань: исторические районы, слободы, улицы, площади и парки </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/priroda-tatarstana/priroda-i-prirodnye-resursy-respubliki-tatarstan"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/8716/6738/4744/Oblozhka_priroda_tat.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Природа и природные ресурсы Республики Татарстан </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 content-block content-block--horizontal bordered"> <a href="/ru/razdely/kultura/muzei/muzej-izobrazitelnyh-iskusstv-respubliki-tatarstan"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Изомузей представляет </div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back dark"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/4915/4108/2818/image_2018-10-30_18-15-30.png" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--small"> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 content-block content-block--horizontal bordered"> <a href="/ru/razdely/narody/tatary/tatarskaya-narodnaya-muzyka/narodnaya-muzyka"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="marker"> <span>Народная музыка</span> </div> <div class="content-block-title"> Народная музыка </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--small"> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 content-block content-block--vertical vertical-news-block bordered" style="border-bottom: 0"> <a href="/ru/razdely/nauka/personalii/mushtari-hamid-muzafarovich"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="content-block-title"> Казанских улиц имена </div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/6515/6803/2660/Mushtari_H..jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-text"> Муштари Хамид Музафарович </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 content-block content-block--horizontal"> <a href="/ru/media/2"> <div class="content-block__header"> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/920-460.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Это интересно! </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 content-block content-block--horizontal bordered"> <a href="/ru/razdely/kultura/muzei/nacionalnyj-muzej-respubliki-tatarstan"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Национальный музей представляет </div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back dark"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/9015/4108/2794/nazmuseum.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--small"> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 content-block content-block--vertical vertical-news-block bordered"> <a href="/ru/razdely/konferencii/aktualnye-problemy-regionovedeniya-i-naukovedeniya-2024"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="marker"> <span>Институт сегодня</span> </div> <div class="content-block-title">Актуальные проблемы регионоведения и науковедения – 2024</div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/1417/1042/5037/Zaglushka_konferencii.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-mobile"> <div class="row"> <div class="content-block top10-slider-outer big-height"> <div class="top10-slider" style="overflow: hidden;"> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/obrazovanie/vysshaya-shkola/kazanskij-universitet/kazanskij-universitet"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Казанский университет </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_460x690/7415/4416/5674/Kazanskij_universitet.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/nauka/nauchnye-uchrezhdeniya/institut-tatarskoj-enciklopedii-i-regionovedeniya"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Институт татарской энциклопедии и регионоведения </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="https://tatarica.org/application/files/8015/4418/0617/TE-rus-2.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/priroda/gidrograficheskaya-set/reki/volga"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Волга </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_460x690/5215/4212/1590/volga4.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/priroda/klimat/zima"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Зима </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="https://tatarica.org/application/files/6415/4253/5549/zima1.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> <a class="top10-slider-wrapper" href="/ru/razdely/nauka/nauchnye-uchrezhdeniya/akademiya-nauk-respubliki-tatarstan"> <div class="top10-slide"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Академия наук Республики Татарстан </div> <div class="content-block-img"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_460x690/9915/4417/9958/AN_zdan.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="marker marker--white"> <span> Все о Татарстане </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-block news-block mid-height"> <div class="content-block__header"> <a class="content-block-title" href="#"> Республика Татарстан </a> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-slider"> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/respublika-tatarstan/personalii/minnihanov-rustam-nurgalievich"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/2515/4349/5474/print_3446567_2663972.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Минниханов Рустам Нургалиевич </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/respublika-tatarstan/gerb-respubliki-tatarstan"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/1615/4452/4139/gerb.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Герб Республики Татарстан </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/ru/razdely/kultura/iskusstvo/izobrazitelnoe-iskusstvo-i-dpi/personalii/urmanche-baki" class="content-block big-height"> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_460x690/9215/4168/7844/Urmanche__1949.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="marker marker--white"><span>Все о татарах</span></div> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white"> Урманче Баки </div> </div> </a> <div class="content-block news-block mid-height"> <div class="content-block__header"> <a class="content-block-title" href="#"> Наши издания </a> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-slider"> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/izdaniya-instituta/kazan-organy-vlasti-i-samoupravleniya-1438-1920-gg"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/7316/5026/7318/Kazan_obl.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Казань: органы власти и самоуправления (1438–1920 гг.) </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/izdaniya-instituta/volzhskie-bulgary-put-k-islamu"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/5416/6737/7338/Volzhskie_bulgary_Islam_obl.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Волжские булгары. Путь к исламу </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/izdaniya-instituta/vydayushchiesya-lichnosti"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/2816/6082/1480/Shehkheslehrebez_oblozhka.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Выдающиеся личности </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/priroda-tatarstana/priroda-i-prirodnye-resursy-respubliki-tatarstan-1"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/6316/6781/0177/Oblozhka_Priroda_2.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Природа и природные ресурсы Республики Татарстан </div> </a> <a class="content-block-slide" href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/izdaniya-instituta/kazan-istoricheskie-rajony-slobody-ulicy-ploshchadi-i-parki"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_detail/2716/5648/9161/Oblozhka_Kazan_2.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block-text" > Казань: исторические районы, слободы, улицы, площади и парки </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/ru/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/nauchnyj-tatarstan/nauchnyj-tatarstan" class="content-block small-height"> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_920x460/5016/4323/0235/NT_Zaglushka.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white">Научный Татарстан</div> </div> </a> <a href="/ru/test_ru/bulgarskoe-iskusstvo" class="content-block small-height no-img"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="marker"><span>Тест</span></div> <div class="content-block-title">Булгарское искусство</div> </div> </a> <a href="/ru/razdely/kultura/muzei/muzej-izobrazitelnyh-iskusstv-respubliki-tatarstan" class="content-block small-height"> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_920x460/4915/4108/2818/image_2018-10-30_18-15-30.png" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white">Изомузей представляет</div> </div> </a> <a href="/ru/razdely/nauka/personalii/glushko-valentin-petrovich" class="content-block mid-height"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="content-block-title">Казанских улиц имена</div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="https://tatarica.org/application/files/5615/6120/1017/Glushko_V.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-text" > Глушко Валентин Петрович </div> </div> </a> <a href="/ru/razdely/kultura/muzei/nacionalnyj-muzej-respubliki-tatarstan" class="content-block small-height"> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back"> <img src="/application/files/thumbnails/file_manager_920x460/9015/4108/2794/nazmuseum.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white">Национальный музей представляет</div> </div> </a> <a href="/ru/razdely/narody/tatary/tatarskaya-narodnaya-muzyka/narodnaya-muzyka" class="content-block small-height no-img"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="marker"><span>Народная музыка</span></div> <div class="content-block-title">Народная музыка</div> </div> </a> <a href="/ru/media/2" class="content-block big-height"> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img content-block-img--back"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/460-690.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> <div class="content-block__footer"> <div class="content-block-title content-block-title--white">Это интересно!</div> </div> </a> <a href="/ru/about_us_ru/o-proekte" class="content-block mid-height"> <div class="content-block__header"> <div class="marker"><span>Институт сегодня</span></div> <div class="content-block-title">О проекте Tatarica</div> </div> <div class="content-block__body"> <div class="content-block-img"> <div class="circle-img circle-img--big"> <img src="/application/themes/tatarica/img/thumbnails/500.jpg" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row content-footer"> <div class="col-sx-12 col-md-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sx-12 col-md-7"> <a href="/ru/about_us_ru"> <p>© 2025. Tatarica.</p> <p>Татарская энциклопедия</p> </a> </div> <div class="col-sx-12 col-md-5"> <div class="social-buttons"> <p class="social-buttons-text"> Поделиться </p> <div class="test-popup social-popup"> <span class="test-popup-close"></span>  <div class="social-buttons-container"> <div class="social-buttons-list"> <a href="https://vk.com/share.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftatarica.org%2Fru" target="_blank" class="social-button vk"> VK </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftatarica.org%2Fru" target="_blank" class="social-button tw"> Twitter </a> <a href="https://connect.ok.ru/offer?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftatarica.org%2Fru&title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" target="_blank" class="social-button od"> Одноклассники </a> <a href="https://t.me/share/url?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftatarica.org%2Fru&text=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" target="_blank" class="social-button tg"> telegramm </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sx-12 col-md-6"> <p>Некоммерческий, научно-образовательный, культурно-просветительский проект.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="old-browser-warning"> <div class="test-popup"> <span class="test-popup-close"></span> <p class="test-popup-info"> Вы используете устаревшую версию браузера. <br> Для корректного отображения сайта обновите браузер. </p> </div> </div> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/custom-scroll/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.concat.min.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/bootstrap-3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/script.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/load.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/header-scroll.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js-original/custom-select.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/switch.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/browser-detect.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/lang.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/login.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/assets/slick/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/sliders.js"></script> <script src="/application/themes/tatarica/js/flower.js"></script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-134956588-2"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-134956588-2'); </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/concrete/js/selectize.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/concrete/js/picturefill.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/concrete/js/jquery-ui.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ccm/assets/localization/jquery/ui/js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Татарская энциклопедия