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class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">攻城塔</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="言語" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>言語</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>ウォッチリストに追加</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>攻城塔</b>（こうじょうとう、<b>ブリーチング・タワー</b>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en">breaching tower</span>、中世には<span lang="en">belfry</span>、<b>ベルフリー</b>とも呼ばれた<sup id="cite_ref-Beisty_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Beisty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）は、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="古代">古代</a>から<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="中世">中世</a>にかけて用いられた<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="攻城兵器">攻城兵器</a>。攻撃目標への防壁に接近する際の反撃に対して、攻城側の兵力やはしごを防御するように設計されている。<b>攻城櫓</b>（こうじょうやぐら）とも呼ばれる。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Assaut.courtine.avec.beffroi.png?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Assaut.courtine.avec.beffroi.png/170px-Assaut.courtine.avec.beffroi.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Assaut.courtine.avec.beffroi.png/255px-Assaut.courtine.avec.beffroi.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Assaut.courtine.avec.beffroi.png/340px-Assaut.courtine.avec.beffroi.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="1043"></a> <figcaption> 19世紀<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="フランス">フランス</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="中世">中世</a>の攻城塔の絵。 </figcaption> </figure> <p>木造の移動式やぐらで、城壁に板を渡して兵士を城内に乗り込ませ、また最上階に配置した射手により城壁上の敵を制圧するのが目的である。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="古代">古代</a>から<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="地中海世界">地中海世界</a>・<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="西アジア">西アジア</a>・<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="中央アジア">中央アジア</a>・<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="中国">中国</a>の諸文明、中世<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="ヨーロッパ">ヨーロッパ</a>や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="戦国時代 (日本)">戦国時代</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="日本">日本</a>など、極めて広範囲に普及した。この<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="塔">塔</a>はしばしば長方体に4個の車輪を付けた形をとり、高さはおよそ防壁のそれと等しいか、または塔の頂上にいる<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E5%85%B5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-disambig" title="弓兵">弓兵</a>が要塞の中に射撃できるよう、防壁よりも高められていることがあった。塔が木製で可燃性があったことから、これらには鉄や往々にして直前に剥いだ荷役獣などの生皮といった不燃性の被覆が施されていた<sup id="cite_ref-Beisty_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Beisty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。攻城塔は主に木から作られたが、時折は金属製の部品も使われた<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>古代の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="近東">近東</a>では<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D11%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="紀元前11世紀">紀元前11世紀</a>から使用され、ヨーロッパでは<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D4%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="紀元前4世紀">紀元前4世紀</a>に、また古代の極東でも攻城塔は使用された。こうした攻城塔は動かしにくい大きさであることから、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="トレビュシェット">トレビュシェット</a>のように、多くの場合は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E5%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="包囲">包囲</a>したその場所で組み立てられた。建造には相当な時間を要し、もしも梯子による攻撃や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9D%91%E9%81%93%E6%88%A6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="坑道戦">坑道戦</a>、または防壁や門の破壊などによって要塞の抵抗と防御を打破できないとなれば、攻城塔が主力として作られた。</p> <p>多くの場合、攻城塔は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A7%8D?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="槍">槍</a>兵、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%89%A3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="剣">剣</a>兵、また防御側へクォレル（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="クロスボウ">クロスボウ</a>に用いる矢）を放つ弩兵を収容した。その大きさから、しばしば攻城塔は大きな石を撃ち出すカタパルトの優先目標となったが、塔の方にも報復のための投射物が装備されていた<sup id="cite_ref-Beisty_1-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Beisty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>攻城塔は、兵員が敵の防壁を乗り越えるために使用された。攻城塔が防壁へ近づいたとき、この塔は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="コルウス">渡し板</a>を防壁と塔との間に降ろした。兵員は防壁の上から城や市街へと侵入した。</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ja" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目次</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">古代における使用</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">中世から近代の使用</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">脚注</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">関連項目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="古代における使用"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E3.81.AB.E3.81.8A.E3.81.91.E3.82.8B.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>古代における使用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="節を編集: 古代における使用" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg/220px-Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1049"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg/220px-Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg/330px-Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg/440px-Assyrian_Attack_on_a_Town.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 市街を攻撃する<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="アッシリア">アッシリア</a>人、彼らは弓兵と車輪付きの衝角をもちいた。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-redirect" title="ニムルード">ニムルード</a>の北西宮殿にあるアッシリア人のレリーフ（ルームB、パネル18）。紀元前865年 - 860年。 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:MasadaRamp.jpg?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/MasadaRamp.jpg/220px-MasadaRamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/MasadaRamp.jpg/220px-MasadaRamp.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/MasadaRamp.jpg/330px-MasadaRamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/MasadaRamp.jpg/440px-MasadaRamp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B5%E3%83%80?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="マサダ">マサダ</a>に残存する、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="ローマ">ローマ</a>人が築いた攻城用の傾斜道。 </figcaption> </figure> <p>知られている中で最古の攻城塔の投入は、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB2%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-redirect" title="アッシュールナツィルパル2世">アッシュールナツィルパル2世</a>（在位：紀元前883年 - 859年）率いる新<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="アッシリア">アッシリア</a>帝国の陸軍が、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D9%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="紀元前9世紀">紀元前9世紀</a>に用いた例である。彼の治世、またその後の治世のレリーフでは、傾斜道や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%9D%E8%A7%92?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="衝角">衝角</a>のようないくつかの包囲戦術の使用とともに攻城塔が描かれている。</p> <p>幾世紀か後、アッシリアで運用されたこれらの戦術や攻城塔は、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="地中海">地中海</a>を伝わって広まっていった。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D305%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="紀元前305年">紀元前305年</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%89%E3%82%B9%E5%8C%85%E5%9B%B2%E6%88%A6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="ロドス包囲戦">ロドス包囲戦</a>における<span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%98%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="new" title="「ヘレポリス」 (存在しないページ)">ヘレポリス</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helepolis" class="extiw" title="en:Helepolis">英語版</a>）</span></span>（「街々の陥落者」の意）のような、古代で最大の攻城塔は、全高が135フィート、全幅は67.5フィートに達した。このように巨大な兵器を効果的に動かすには<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="ラック・アンド・ピニオン">ラック・アンド・ピニオン</a>が必要だった。この塔は200名の歩兵が人力で動かし、内部が9層に分割されていた。異なった階層には様々な型の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="カタパルト">カタパルト</a>や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF_(%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8)?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="バリスタ (兵器)">バリスタ</a>が収容された。数世紀にわたり、後の攻城塔もしばしば同様の兵器を搭載した。</p> <p>しかしこの大きな塔は、防衛軍が防壁前面の土地を氾濫させ、壕を掘ることで泥に埋まり込み、使い物にならなくなる事態が起きた。ロドス包囲戦では重要な点、つまり大型の攻城塔は平坦な土地を要することが明らかになった。多くの城、丘の上の市街、砦は、単に地形上の理由から、攻城塔の攻撃を実質的に無効化した。もっと小型の攻城塔が、包囲戦用のマウンド、つまり防壁を越えるために土や粗石、材木で築かれたマウンドの上で用いられた可能性がある。残存物には<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B5%E3%83%80?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="マサダ">マサダ</a>における包囲戦用の傾斜道のような例があり、ほぼ2000年間を生き残ってまだ今日にも見ることができる。</p> <p>その一方で、ほぼ全ての最大級の都市は大きな河川や海岸に面し、こうした都市は外周の防壁の一部が攻城塔に弱くなった。さらにまた、こうした目標に用いられる塔は別の場所でプレハブ方式を用いて作られ、分解された上で目標の都市まで水路により運ばれる可能性があった。いくつかの希な場合では、市街の海岸の防壁を襲うため、こうした塔が船上に築かれた。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%80%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="第三次ミトリダテス戦争">第三次ミトリダテス戦争</a>中に起きたキュジコス包囲戦では、攻城塔が普通の攻城兵器よりも多く用いられた<sup id="cite_ref-Roman_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Roman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>古代中国の、運搬可能な攻城塔に関する最古の引用の一つは、皮肉ながら主として<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%A6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="海戦">海戦</a>を論じた対話集からである。中国の『<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E7%B5%B6%E6%9B%B8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="越絶書">越絶書</a>』は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="後漢">後漢</a>朝の袁康により西暦<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/52%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="52年">52年</a>に書かれ、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%AD%90%E8%83%A5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="伍子胥">伍子胥</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D6%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="紀元前6世紀">紀元前526年</a>から<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D484%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="紀元前484年">紀元前484年</a>）が、呉王<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%97%94%E9%96%AD?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="闔閭">闔閭</a>（在位、紀元前514年から<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D496%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="紀元前496年">紀元前496年</a>）に軍備を説明する際、船の型式の違いについて協議したとされる。使用される軍船を分類する前に子胥は語った。</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r86501635">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <div> "Nowadays in training naval forces we use the tactics of land forces for the best effect. Thus great wing ships correspond to the army's heavy chariots, little wing ships to light chariots, stomach strikers to battering rams, castle ships to mobile assault towers, and bridge ships to light cavalry."<sup id="cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_3_678_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-needham_volume_4_part_3_678-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（最近の水軍の訓練では、我々は最良の効果のために陸上の戦術を用いる。このような大翼船は陸軍の大型の戦車と一致し、小翼船は軽量の戦車で、突冒は衝角、楼船は移動式の攻城塔、また橋船は軽騎兵にあたる。） </div> </blockquote> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="中世から近代の使用"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E3.81.8B.E3.82.89.E8.BF.91.E4.BB.A3.E3.81.AE.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>中世から近代の使用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="節を編集: 中世から近代の使用" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Beffroi.d.assaut.png?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Beffroi.d.assaut.png/170px-Beffroi.d.assaut.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="864"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 262px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Beffroi.d.assaut.png/170px-Beffroi.d.assaut.png" data-width="170" data-height="262" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Beffroi.d.assaut.png/255px-Beffroi.d.assaut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Beffroi.d.assaut.png/340px-Beffroi.d.assaut.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 階層化された内部と渡し板。 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="ローマ帝国">ローマ帝国</a>の西側は崩壊によって独立国家に変じ、また<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="東ローマ帝国">東ローマ帝国</a>は防勢に置かれた。中世のあいだ、攻城塔の使用は頂点に達した。『<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicon_Paschale" class="extiw" title="en:Chronicon Paschale">復活祭年代記</a>』の以下の記述のように、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/626%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="626年">626年</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="アヴァール">アヴァール</a>人が<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-redirect" title="コンスタンチノープル">コンスタンチノープル</a>を<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(626)" class="extiw" title="en:Siege of Constantinople (626)">包囲侵略</a>したものの、不成功に終わった際にも攻城塔は用いられた。</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86501635"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <div> "And in the section from the Polyandrion Gate as far as the Gate of St Romanus he prepared to station twelve lofty siege towers, which were advanced almost as far as the outworks, and he covered them with hides."<sup id="cite_ref-Constantinople_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Constantinople-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（また、ポリアンドリオン門から聖ロマヌスの門までの区域において、彼は12基のそびえ立つ攻城塔を持ち場に準備し、これらはほぼ外堡まで前進し、そして彼は獣皮でこれらを被覆した。） </div> </blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg/220px-Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="767"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 287px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg/220px-Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="287" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg/330px-Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg/440px-Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 中世イギリスの攻城塔。下部に破城槌を備える。 </figcaption> </figure> <p>また、この包囲戦では攻撃側が「sows」を投入することとなった。これは移動可能な装甲化されたシェルターで、中世を通じて使用され、作業者は防衛側の攻撃から守られつつ堀を埋めることができた。これにより、防壁まで移動する攻城塔のための整地が行われた。しかしながら防壁の基部に<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talus_(fortification)" class="extiw" title="en:Talus (fortification)">タルス</a>と呼ばれるスロープを建築することで、ある程度この戦術の効果を減らすことができた。これは十字軍の要塞では一般的な防御だった<sup id="cite_ref-Castle_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Castle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>中世の攻城塔はまた、より精巧なものになっていった。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1266%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="1266年">1266年</a>のケニルワース城包囲戦において、一例では200名の弓兵および11基のカタパルトが1基の塔で運用された<sup id="cite_ref-Beisty_1-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Beisty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。それでも包囲戦はほぼ1年ほど続き、イギリスの歴史における最長の包囲戦になった。これらの塔は決して破壊できないものではなく、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1453%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="1453年">1453年</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E9%99%A5%E8%90%BD?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-redirect" title="コンスタンチノープルの陥落">コンスタンチノープルの陥落</a>の際には、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="オスマン帝国">オスマン帝国</a>軍の攻城塔が防衛側の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E7%81%AB%E8%96%AC?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="ギリシア火薬">ギリシア火薬</a>を浴びた<sup id="cite_ref-Constantinople_7-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Constantinople-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>攻城塔は大型の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%A0%B2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="mw-redirect" title="火砲">火砲</a>の開発によって脆弱で時代遅れなものに変じた。これらの塔は高い壁を越えて兵員を送り込み、攻撃するためだけに存在していた。大型の火砲はまた、高い防壁をも時代遅れな物とし、要塞は新しい変化を遂げた。しかし、後に建造された「砲列塔」は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%96%AC?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="火薬">火薬</a>の時代においても類似の任務を帯びた。攻城塔に似たこうした塔は、包囲戦用の砲を据えるため、現地で木によって作られた。こうしたものの一つはロシアの工兵技術者イワン・ヴィロドコフによって作られ、<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" class="extiw" title="en:Russo-Kazan Wars">ロシア・カザン戦争</a>の一局面である<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1552%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="1552年">1552年</a>の<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kazan" class="extiw" title="en:Siege of Kazan">カザン包囲戦</a>に投入された。この塔は10門の大口径砲と50門の軽砲を搭載した<sup id="cite_ref-Kazan_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_note-Kazan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。この塔は<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulyay-gorod" class="extiw" title="en:Gulyay-gorod">Gulyay-gorod</a>を発展させたものという可能性がある。これは移動可能な防御物で、壁ほどの大きさのシールドに火砲用の穴を開けた物が、プレハブ方式を用いて台車やソリの上に組み立てられていた。砲列塔は後に<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="ウクライナ">ウクライナ</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="コサック">コサック</a>によってしばしば使われた。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="節を編集: 脚注" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Beisty-1">^ <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Beisty_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Beisty_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Beisty_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Beisty_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Castle: Stephen Biesty'sSections</i>. <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dorling_Kindersley&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="new" title="「Dorling Kindersley」 (存在しないページ)">Dorling Kindersley</a> Pub (T); 1st American edition (September 1994). <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/9781564584670?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-56458-467-0</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">『歴史を動かした兵器・武器の凄い話』39頁</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">『歴史を動かした兵器・武器の凄い話』40頁</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">『歴史を動かした兵器・武器の凄い話』41頁</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Roman-5"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Roman_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Siege Warfare in the Roman World, 146 BC--AD 378</i>, <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="new" title="「Osprey Publishing」 (存在しないページ)">Osprey Publishing</a>, <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/1841767824?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84176-782-4</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-needham_volume_4_part_3_678-6"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_3_678_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Needham&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="new" title="「Joseph Needham」 (存在しないページ)">Needham, Joseph</a> (1986). <i>Science and Civilization in China Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics</i>. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd. Page 678 (e)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Constantinople-7">^ <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Constantinople_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Constantinople_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Walls of Constantinople, AD 324--1453</i>, Osprey Publishing, <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/184176759X?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84176-759-X</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Castle-8"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Castle_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Crusader Castles in the Holy Land 1192--1302</i>, <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="new" title="「Osprey Publishing」 (存在しないページ)">Osprey Publishing</a>, <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/1841768278?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84176-827-8</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kazan-9"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms#cite_ref-Kazan_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Russian Fortresses, 1480--1682</i>, <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="new" title="「Osprey Publishing」 (存在しないページ)">Osprey Publishing</a>, <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/1841769169?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84176-916-9</a></span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="節を編集: 関連項目" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r94202605">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox noprint" style="width:22em;"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist" style="font-size:100%;"> ウィキメディア・コモンズには、<b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siege_towers?uselang%3Dja">攻城塔</a></span></b>に関連するカテゴリがあります。 </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%A6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms" title="攻城戦">攻城戦</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> 「<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94%26oldid%3D96822870">https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=攻城塔&oldid=96822870</a>」から取得 </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%A1%94&action=history&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=ms"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="2400:4051:1160:1500:3472:7F53:7042:685" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1693893437"> <span>最終更新: 2023年9月5日 (火) 05:57</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>言語</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastida_(militar)" title="アラゴン語: Bastida (militar)" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bastida (militar)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="アラゴン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A9_(%25D8%25A2%25D9%2584%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2582%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9)" title="アラビア語: دبابة (آلة قديمة)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دبابة (آلة قديمة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D0%25B1%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="ブルガリア語: Обсадна кула" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обсадна кула" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ブルガリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_de_setge" title="カタロニア語: Torre de setge" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Torre de setge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obl%25C3%25A9hac%25C3%25AD_v%25C4%259B%25C5%25BE" title="チェコ語: Obléhací věž" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obléhací věž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="チェコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belejringst%25C3%25A5rn" title="デンマーク語: Belejringstårn" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Belejringstårn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="デンマーク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belagerungsturm" title="ドイツ語: Belagerungsturm" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belagerungsturm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_tower" title="英語: Siege tower" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Siege tower" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sie%25C4%259Doturo" title="エスペラント語: Sieĝoturo" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sieĝoturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="エスペラント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_de_asedio" title="スペイン語: Torre de asedio" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Torre de asedio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AC_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="ペルシア語: برج محاصره" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برج محاصره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ペルシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiritystorni" title="フィンランド語: Piiritystorni" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piiritystorni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="フィンランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_si%25C3%25A8ge" title="フランス語: Tour de siège" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tour de siège" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="フランス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2592%25D7%2593%25D7%259C_%25D7%259E%25D7%25A6%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8" title="ヘブライ語: מגדל מצור" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגדל מצור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ヘブライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsadna_kula" title="クロアチア語: Opsadna kula" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Opsadna kula" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menara_kepung" title="インドネシア語: Menara kepung" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menara kepung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_d%2527assedio" title="イタリア語: Torre d'assedio" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Torre d'assedio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A0%2595%25EB%259E%2580_(%25EA%25B3%25B5%25EC%2584%25B1%25EB%25B3%2591%25EA%25B8%25B0)" title="韓国語: 정란 (공성병기)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정란 (공성병기)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfredus_(machina_bellica)" title="ラテン語: Belfredus (machina bellica)" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Belfredus (machina bellica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ラテン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apgulties_bok%25C5%25A1tas" title="リトアニア語: Apgulties bokštas" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apgulties bokštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="リトアニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25A7%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582" title="マラヤーラム語: പ്രതിരോധമന്ദിരം" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രതിരോധമന്ദിരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="マラヤーラム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="マラーティー語: वेढामनोरा" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वेढामनोरा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="マラーティー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menara_kepung" title="マレー語: Menara kepung" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Menara kepung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="マレー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belegeringstoren" title="オランダ語: Belegeringstoren" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Belegeringstoren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="オランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beleiringst%25C3%25A5rn" title="ノルウェー語(ブークモール): Beleiringstårn" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Beleiringstårn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ブークモール)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wie%25C5%25BCa_obl%25C4%2599%25C5%25BCnicza" title="ポーランド語: Wieża oblężnicza" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wieża oblężnicza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_de_cerco" title="ポルトガル語: Torre de cerco" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Torre de cerco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F" title="ロシア語: Осадная башня" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осадная башня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ロシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turri_d%2527ass%25C3%25A8diu" title="シチリア語: Turri d'assèdiu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turri d'assèdiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="シチリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsadna_kula" title="セルボ・クロアチア語: Opsadna kula" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Opsadna kula" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="セルボ・クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblegovalni_stolp" title="スロベニア語: Oblegovalni stolp" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oblegovalni stolp" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="スロベニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="セルビア語: Опсадна кула" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опсадна кула" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="セルビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel%25C3%25A4gringstorn" title="スウェーデン語: Belägringstorn" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Belägringstorn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="スウェーデン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%25C5%259Fatma_kulesi" title="トルコ語: Kuşatma kulesi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuşatma kulesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="トルコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B0" title="ウクライナ語: Облогова вежа" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Облогова вежа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=ms&hl=ms&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2594%25BB%25E5%259F%258E%25E5%25A1%2594" title="中国語: 攻城塔" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="攻城塔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ja.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="20" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">最終更新 2023年9月5日 (火) 05:57 （日時は<a 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