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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grunnurinn_lagður_að_gerilsneyðingu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grunnurinn lagður að gerilsneyðingu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grunnurinn_lagður_að_gerilsneyðingu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pasteur_og_sjálfkviknun_lífs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pasteur_og_sjálfkviknun_lífs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pasteur og sjálfkviknun lífs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pasteur_og_sjálfkviknun_lífs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Áhrif_á_læknavísindi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Áhrif_á_læknavísindi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Áhrif á læknavísindi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Áhrif_á_læknavísindi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bólusetningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bólusetningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bólusetningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bólusetningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endalok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endalok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Endalok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endalok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tilvísanir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heimildir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heimildir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Heimildir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heimildir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis Pasteur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 157 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – afríkanska" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afríkanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – svissnesk þýska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svissnesk þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%89%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8D%93%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B4" title="ሉዊ ፓስቴ – amharíska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሉዊ ፓስቴ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – aragonska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لويس باستور – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويس باستور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لوى باستور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لوى باستور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%27%E0%A7%B0" title="লুই পেষ্ট'ৰ – assamska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লুই পেষ্ট'ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – astúríska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lui_Paster" title="Lui Paster – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lui Paster" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لویی پاستور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لویی پاستور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луи Пастер – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Луи Пастер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loj%C4%97_Pasters" title="Lojė Pasters – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lojė Pasters" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Луі Пастэр – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Луі Пастэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Люі Пастэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Люі Пастэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Луи Пастьор – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луи Пастьор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="লুই পাস্তুর – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুই পাস্তুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – bretónska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луи Пастер – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Луи Пастер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8" title="Пастер, Луи – tsjetsjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пастер, Луи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – kebúanó" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="kebúanó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1" title="لوی پاستێر – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لوی پاستێر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луи Пастер – sjúvas" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Луи Пастер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="sjúvas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="लुई पास्चर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="लुई पास्चर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81" title="Λουί Παστέρ – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουί Παστέρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لویی پاستور – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لویی پاستور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteuri_Louis" title="Pasteuri Louis – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pasteuri Louis" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – færeyska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færeyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – norðurfrísneska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="norðurfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – vesturfrísneska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vesturfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – írska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – skosk gelíska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skosk gelíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – gvaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%88_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%B0" title="લૂઈ પાશ્ચર – gújaratí" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લૂઈ પાશ્ચર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gújaratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="לואי פסטר – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואי פסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="लुई पास्चर – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लुई पास्चर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – haítíska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haítíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Լուի Պաստյոր – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուի Պաստյոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – ílokó" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ílokó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – ídó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ídó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%82%B9%E3%83%84%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ルイ・パスツール – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイ・パスツール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lu%27is._pastyr." title="lu'is. pastyr. – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lu'is. pastyr." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლუი პასტერი – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუი პასტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – kabíle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabíle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луи Пастер – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Луи Пастер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲೂಯಿಸ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚರ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೂಯಿಸ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4_%ED%8C%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%87%B4%EB%A5%B4" title="루이 파스퇴르 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루이 파스퇴르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – kúrdíska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – kornbreska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornbreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луи Пастер – kirgiska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Луи Пастер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicus_Pasteur" title="Ludovicus Pasteur – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovicus Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – lúxemborgíska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lúxemborgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – limbúrgíska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbúrgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luijs_Past%C4%93rs" title="Luijs Pastērs – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Luijs Pastērs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="लुई पास्चर – maítílí" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लुई पास्चर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maítílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – malagasíska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – mínangkabá" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="mínangkabá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луј Пастер – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луј Пастер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC" title="ലൂയി പാസ്ചർ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലൂയി പാസ്ചർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луи Пастер – mongólska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Луи Пастер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="लुई पाश्चर – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुई पाश्चर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – maltneska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – mirandesíska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%85%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="လူးဝစ် ပါစချာ – búrmneska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူးဝစ် ပါစချာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="búrmneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لویی پاستور – masanderaní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لویی پاستور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="masanderaní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – lágþýska; lágsaxneska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lágþýska; lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="लुई पास्चर – nepalska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लुई पास्चर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="लुई पास्चर – nevarí" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लुई पास्चर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luuwii_Paaster" title="Luuwii Paaster – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Luuwii Paaster" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲੁਈ ਪਾਸਚਰ – púnjabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੁਈ ਪਾਸਚਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="púnjabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%86%D8%B1" title="لوئی پاسچر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوئی پاسچر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1" title="لوی پاسټر – pastú" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوی پاسټر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – kvesjúa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kvesjúa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8" title="Пастер, Луи – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пастер, Луи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луі Пастер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Луі Пастер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D" title="लूयी पास्तग् – sanskrít" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लूयी पास्तग्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrít" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8" title="Пастер Луи – jakút" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Пастер Луи" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakút" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱞᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱪᱚᱨ – santalí" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱪᱚᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – sikileyska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikileyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – skoska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwis_Pastur" title="Lwis Pastur – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Lwis Pastur" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="ලුවී පාස්චර් – singalíska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලුවී පාස්චර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lui_Past%C3%ABr" title="Lui Pastër – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lui Pastër" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луј Пастер – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луј Пастер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – súndanska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="súndanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இலூயி பாசுச்சர் – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலூயி பாசுச்சர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲೂಯಿ ಪ್ಯಾಶ್ಚರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಲೂಯಿ ಪ್ಯಾಶ್ಚರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="లూయీ పాశ్చర్ – telúgú" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లూయీ పాశ్చర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telúgú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="หลุยส์ ปาสเตอร์ – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หลุยส์ ปาสเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луи Пастер – tatarska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Луи Пастер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Луї Пастер – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луї Пастер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%86%D8%B1" title="لوئیس پاسچر – úrdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوئیس پاسچر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="úrdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paster_Lui" title="Paster Lui – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Paster Lui" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – varaí" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="路易·巴斯德 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="路易·巴斯德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლუი პასტერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლუი პასტერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="לואי פאסטער – jiddíska" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לואי פאסטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – jórúba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jórúba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – súang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="súang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="路易·巴斯德 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路易·巴斯德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="巴斯特 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴斯特" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Louis Pasteur" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7" title="路易·巴士德 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="路易·巴士德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q529#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nafnrými"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Sýna efnissíðuna [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Síða</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}@media screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:right}}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:none}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}</style> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="2" style="border-color: #B0C4DE; width:26em; font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#B0C4DE" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #B0C4DE;font-size: large;"><b>Lífvísindi</b><br /><small><b>19. öld</b></small> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Louis_Pasteur,_foto_av_Paul_Nadar,_Crisco_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg/200px-Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg/300px-Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg/400px-Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="3292" /></a></span></td></tr> <tr> <th class="infbox-label">Nafn: </th> <td>Louis Pasteur </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infbox-label">Fæddur: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/27._desember" title="27. desember">27. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a> í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dole (síða er ekki enn til)">Dole</a> í <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BArah%C3%A9ra%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Júrahérað (síða er ekki enn til)">Júrahéraði</a> í <a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakklandi</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align: left;" valign="top">Látinn</th> <td><a href="/wiki/28._september" title="28. september">28. september</a> <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> í <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a> í <a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakklandi</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align: left;" valign="top">Svið:</th> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96rverufr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Örverufræði">Örverufræði</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Efnafræði">efnafræði</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align: left;" valign="top">Helstu <br />viðfangsefni:</th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerjun" title="Gerjun">Gerjun</a> víns. Efnafræði og örverufræði gerjunar. Bakteríur og sýklar.</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align: left;" valign="top">Markverðar <br />uppgötvanir:</th> <td>Endanleg afsönnun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sj%C3%A1lfkviknunarkenningin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjálfkviknunarkenningin (síða er ekki enn til)">sjálfkviknunarkenningarinnar</a>. Gerilsneyðing. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3luefni" title="Bóluefni">Bóluefni</a> gegn <a href="/wiki/Hunda%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Hundaæði">hundaæði</a>.</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align: left;" valign="top">Helstu <br />vinnustaðir:</th> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1sk%C3%B3linn_%C3%AD_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Háskólinn í Strasbourg">Háskólinn í Strasbourg</a> í Frakklandi</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Louis Pasteur</b> (<a href="/wiki/27._desember" title="27. desember">27. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a> – <a href="/wiki/28._september" title="28. september">28. september</a> <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>) var <a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">franskur</a> <a href="/wiki/Efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Efnafræði">efnafræðingur</a> og prófessor við miðstöð öl- og vínaframleiðenda. Hann hafði mikil áhrif á <a href="/wiki/Matv%C3%A6lafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Matvælafræði">matvælafræði</a> og lagði grunninn að því sem við köllum í dag <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerilsney%C3%B0ing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerilsneyðing (síða er ekki enn til)">gerilsneyðingu</a>, en á flestum erlendum tungumálum útleggst það sem pasteurisation. Pasteur gerði einnig mikilvægar rannsóknir á sviði <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rverufr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Örverufræði">örverufræða</a> í tengslum við sjúkdóma sem þær valda, og hafði sterkar skoðanir um <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sj%C3%A1lfkviknun_l%C3%ADfs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjálfkviknun lífs (síða er ekki enn til)">sjálfkviknun lífs</a>, sem var mikið hitamál á þeim tíma. Þá þróaði hann einnig bóluefni gegn <a href="/wiki/Hunda%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Hundaæði">hundaæði</a>, sem var sennilega hans mesta afrek. Þar að auki uppgötvaði hann að örverur berast með lofti og sú uppgötvun átti eftir að hafa afgerðandi áhrif á rannsóknir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Lister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Lister (síða er ekki enn til)">Josephs Lister</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Æskuár_og_nám"><span id=".C3.86sku.C3.A1r_og_n.C3.A1m"></span>Æskuár og nám</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Æskuár og nám" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Æskuár og nám"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louis Pasteur fæddist árið 27. desember 1822 í Dole, Frakklandi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hann var alinn upp við mikla ættjarðarást þar sem faðir hans hafði gegnt stöðu liðsforingja í her <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon">Napoleons</a> á Pýreneaskaga. Fljótlega eftir fæðingu Pasteur fluttist fjölskylda hans til Arbois, þar sem hann gekk í grunnskóla.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennara Pasteur fannst ekki mikið til hans koma en hann sagði meðal annars að hann væri óefnilegasti nemandinn í bekknum.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Árið 1848 hélt Pasteur samt sem áður til Parísar í skóla, að loknu grunnnámi. Hann hætti hins vegar fljótlega í þeim skóla sökum heimþrár. Þá flutti hann sig yfir í skóla nær heimabæ sínum, Konunglega menntaskólann í Besancon, þar sem hann hlaut fyrst titilinn Bachelor of Letters og síðar Bachelor of Science en hann hlaut aðeins miðlungseinkunn í efnafræði.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hann hélt áfram í efnafræðinámi og lauk doktorsprófi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Árið 1848 bauðst Pasteur síðan að gerast prófessor við háskólann í Strassburg. Þar kynntist hann dóttur háskólarektorsins, Marie Laurent, og þau giftu sig í maí 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grunnurinn_lagður_að_gerilsneyðingu"><span id="Grunnurinn_lag.C3.B0ur_a.C3.B0_gerilsney.C3.B0ingu"></span>Grunnurinn lagður að gerilsneyðingu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Breyti hluta: Grunnurinn lagður að gerilsneyðingu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Grunnurinn lagður að gerilsneyðingu"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Árið 1845, þegar Pasteur var 32 ára, var hann gerður að prófessor í efnafræði og forseti vísindadeilar við háskólann í Lille. Þar gerði hann tilraunir með bruggframleiðslu en þá var það hulin ráðgáta hvers vegna bjór í sumum kerum varð gæðaminni en annar, þrátt fyrir sömu aðferðir við bruggunina. Pasteur komst að því að í bjórkerum með góðum bjór voru gerlarnir hnöttóttir. Í kerunum þar sem lakari bjórinn var voru gerlarnir beinir og langir.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Í lakari kerunum höfðu örsmáir gerlar gerjað bjórinn, til þess að koma í veg fyrir þessa gerjun datt Pasteur í hug að hita vökvann upp í 60 °C. Þar með varð til hin upprunalega gerilsneyðing eða „pasteurisation“.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pasteur_og_sjálfkviknun_lífs"><span id="Pasteur_og_sj.C3.A1lfkviknun_l.C3.ADfs"></span>Pasteur og sjálfkviknun lífs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Breyti hluta: Pasteur og sjálfkviknun lífs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Pasteur og sjálfkviknun lífs"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Árin 1860 – 1861 skrifaði Pasteur í tímarit Vísindaakademíunnar fjórar greinar um sjálfkviknun. Hann skrifaði einnig eina grein sem birt var í öðru tímariti árið 1861. Hann hlaut verðlaun árið 1862 fyrir síðastnefndu greinina en Vísindaakademían hafði lofað þeim verðlaunum sem tækist best til með að varpa ljósi á spurninguna um sjálfkviknun lífs, með vel útfærðum tilraunum.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tilraunir Pasteurs voru ákaflega einfaldar, en líka mjög vel framkvæmdar og niðurstöðurnar stóðu ekki á sér. Frægustu tilraunir hans voru tilraunir með svonefndar svanahálsflöskur. Tilraunirnar voru framkvæmdar þannig að næringarlausn var sett í flöskur, soðin og þannig dauðhreinsuð. Stúturinn á flöskunni er síðan hitaður vel og teygt úr honum út í mjóan S-laga háls.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Með þessu var tryggt að loft kæmist að lausninni, en allar bakteríur og örverur falla til botns neðst í hálsinum. Enginn örverugróður myndaðist í lausnunum og af því mátti draga þá ályktun að líf kviknaði ekki að sjálfu sér.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasteur komst reyndar að því, líkt og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Schr%C3%B6der&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Schröder (síða er ekki enn til)">Heinrich Schröder</a> hafði áður gert, að í sumum lausnum dugði ekki langvarandi suða við 100 °C. Eins og Schröder komst hann að því að þetta átti meðal annars við um mjólk en hann sýndi þó fram á að suða við 110 °C undir þrýstingi dygði til þess að drepa í henni allar örverur.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Áhrif_á_læknavísindi"><span id=".C3.81hrif_.C3.A1_l.C3.A6knav.C3.ADsindi"></span>Áhrif á læknavísindi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Breyti hluta: Áhrif á læknavísindi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Áhrif á læknavísindi"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Árið 1870 ríkti styrjöld milli Frakka og Prússa. Mjög margir létu lífið í henni, flestir vegna blóðeitrunar. Pasteur birti árið 1865 ritgerð um mjólkurgerjun. Englendingurinn og læknirinn Joseph Lister las þessa ritgerð. Hann hafði lengi gert sér grein fyrir því að hreinlæti væri nauðsynlegt á skurðstofunni en nú áttaði hann sig á því að það væri ekki nóg, þar sem fullt af bakteríum væru í loftinu. Árið 1874 skrifaði Lister þessi Pasteur bréf og sagði honum frá þeim árangri sem hann hafði náð með því að sótthreinsa áhöld og gæta ýtrasta hreinlætis. Þar nefndi hann til að mynda tölur sem sýndu fram á að dauðsföll af völdum blóðeitrunar höfðu snarminnkað á skurðstofu hans. Ef fleiri læknar hefðu kynnt sér aðferðir Listers hefðu talsvert færri týnt lífinu í styrjöldinni.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasteur hélt nú á fund í franska læknaakademíinu með þetta bréf. Þar var ekki mikið mark tekið á honum þrátt fyrir eldheitan málflutning hans. Það liðu mörg ár þar til skoðanir þeirra Pasteurs og Listers voru viðurkenndar.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bólusetningar"><span id="B.C3.B3lusetningar"></span>Bólusetningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Breyti hluta: Bólusetningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bólusetningar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Árið 1880 var Pasteur fenginn til þess að rannsaka kjúklingakóleru. Honum tókst að lækna hana á tiltölulega skömmum tíma. Það gerði hann með einangrun sýkilsins, ræktun lítils magns af sýklum og bólusetja síðan fuglana með sýklinum. Þannig gerði hann kjúklingana ónæma fyrir kjúklingakóleru. Hann er talinn hafa tryggt Frökkum meiri ágóða með björgun alifuglaræktunar heldur en sem samsvaraði þeirri upphæð sem þeir þurftu að greiða Þjóðverjum í stríðsbætur eftir 1870. Sömu aðferðum beitti hann á miltisbrand með sama góða árangrinum.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nú sneri Pasteur sér að hundaæði. Það reyndist alls ekki hættulaust fyrir hann sjálfan þar sem hann var margsinnis bitinn af óðum hundum. Hann var líka svo ákafur í að finna lækningu gegn sjúkdómnum að einu sinni saug hann munnvatn úr óðum hundi upp í sig í gegnum pípu. Að lokum fann hann síðan blóðvökva sem læknaði sjúkdóminn með því að sprauta honum inn í æðar nýbitins hunds. Nú var spurningin bara hvort það sama virkaði á menn. Tækifærið kom þegar óður hundur hafði bitið ungan strák, Joseph Meister. Pasteur ákvað þá að prófa á drengnum sömu lækningu og hafði virkað svo vel á hundana. Þetta olli honum miklum sálarkvölum þar sem hann vissi ekki hvaða áhrif þetta myndi hafa á drenginn og hann var mjög stressaður yfir að eitthvað myndi fara úrskeiðis.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hann bólusetti drenginn tólf sinnum á tíu dögum. Þetta virkaði og drengurinn náði fullri heilsu.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endalok">Endalok</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Breyti hluta: Endalok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Endalok"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fljótlega eftir þetta afrek hófst söfnun til byggingar Pasteurrannsóknarstofnunnar í París. Söfnunin tók ekki langan tíma og mikið af fólkinu sem kom að byggingu stofnunarinnar ýmist gaf vinnu sína eða gerði það fyrir lítið. Pasteurstofnunin var fullgerð þann 14. nóvember 1888 og var þá strax tekin í notkun.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Síðar voru byggðar Pasteurstofnanir í mörgun öðrum löndum. Fyrst um sinn sáu þessar stofnanir aðeins um rannsóknir á sviði hundaæðis en síðan fóru þær að rannsaka ýmsa smitsjúkdóma.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis Pasteur féll frá þann 28. september 1895, þá tæplega 73 ára að aldri.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir"><span id="Tilv.C3.ADsanir"></span>Tilvísanir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Breyti hluta: Tilvísanir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Tilvísanir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emilía Dagný Sveinbjörnsdóttir 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Afburðamenn og örlagavaldar</i> 1972: 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geir Hallgrímsson o.fl. 1947: 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Afburðamenn og örlagavaldar</i> 1972: 188-189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geir Hallgrímsson o.fl. 1947: 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geir Hallgrímsson o.fl. 1947: 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Afburðamenn og örlagavaldar</i> 1972: 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geir Hallgrímsson o.fl. 1947: 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guðmundur Eggertsson 2008: 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guðmundur Eggertsson 2008: 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Einar Árnason 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guðmundur Eggertsson 2008: 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geir Hallgrímsson o.fl. 1947: 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geir Hallgrímsson o.fl. 1947: 148-149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Afburðamenn og örlagavaldar</i> 1972: 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Afburðamenn og örlagavaldar</i> 1972: 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emilía Dagný Sveinbjörnsdóttir 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geir Hallgrímsson o.fl. 1947: 151-152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lifandi vísindi</i> 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emilía Dagný Sveinbjörnsdóttir 2002.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heimildir">Heimildir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Breyti hluta: Heimildir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Heimildir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Afburðamenn og örlagavaldar. Æviþættir 20 mikilmenna sögunnar.</i> 1972. Bárður Jakobsson, Ragnar Jóhannesson og Sigurlína Davíðsdóttir þýddu. Reykjavík: Ægisútgáfan.</li> <li>Einar Árnason. „Hver var fyrsta lífveran á jörðinni?“. Vísindavefurinn 9.3.2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://visindavefur.is/?id=204">http://visindavefur.is/?id=204</a>. (Skoðað 13.4.2011).</li> <li>Emilía Dagný Sveinbjörnsdóttir. „Hver var Louis Pasteur og hvað gerði hann merkilegt?“. Vísindavefurinn 29.10.2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://visindavefur.is/?id=2823">http://visindavefur.is/?id=2823</a>. (Skoðað 13.4.2011).</li> <li>Geir Hallgrímsson, Gunnar Helgason og Jón P. Emils. 1947. <i>Vísindamenn allra alda. Frásagnir um tuttugu og einn vísindamann.</i> Reykjavík: Draupnisútgáfan.</li> <li>Guðmundur Eggertsson. 2008. <i>Leitin að uppruna lífs.</i> Reykjavík: Bjartur.</li> <li><i>Lifandi vísindi.</i> 2000. „Louis Pasteur uppgötvar heim gerla“. 14: 59-62.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Sótt frá „<a dir="ltr" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&oldid=1772835">https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur&oldid=1772835</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Flokkar" title="Kerfissíða:Flokkar">Flokkar</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flokkur:Franskir_uppfinningamenn" title="Flokkur:Franskir uppfinningamenn">Franskir uppfinningamenn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flokkur:Franskir_v%C3%ADsindamenn" title="Flokkur:Franskir vísindamenn">Franskir vísindamenn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flokkur:Franskir_%C3%B6rverufr%C3%A6%C3%B0ingar" title="Flokkur:Franskir örverufræðingar">Franskir örverufræðingar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flokkur:Franskir_efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0ingar" title="Flokkur:Franskir efnafræðingar">Franskir efnafræðingar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flokkur:F%C3%B3lk_f%C3%A6tt_%C3%A1ri%C3%B0_1822" title="Flokkur:Fólk fætt árið 1822">Fólk fætt árið 1822</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flokkur:F%C3%B3lk_d%C3%A1i%C3%B0_%C3%A1ri%C3%B0_1895" title="Flokkur:Fólk dáið árið 1895">Fólk dáið árið 1895</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Þessari síðu var síðast breytt 23. október 2022, klukkan 07:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Textinn er gefinn út samkvæmt <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:H%C3%B6fundar%C3%A9ttur" title="Wikipedia:Höfundaréttur">Creative Commons Tilvísun-DeilaEins leyfi</a>. 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