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fingerprinting the universe</span> </div></div><div id="breakingNews"><div class="contentwrapper prel"><ul class="bnews flt"></ul><div class="nextPrev"><span class="flt prev"></span><span class="flr next"></span></div></div></div><div class="clr"></div><div class="prineditionBanner_wrapper hide"><div class="prineditionBanner_head"><div class="head_title"><h5>The Economic Times daily newspaper is available online now.</h5></div><div class="btn_wrapper"><a target="_blank" data-ga-onclick="ePaper Discovery#Print Edition Banner#Read Todays Paper" id="readNewspaper" class="btn read_newspaper" href="/print_edition.cms"> Read Today's Paper </a></div></div></div><div data-subsec2="6272755" class="clearfix main_container"><div class="article_wrap"><div data-key="" data-et="2025-02-17 13:49:23.362" class="article_block clearfix " data-ga-category="WEB Articleshow Clicks" data-blacklist="0" data-article_id="5908907" data-hostid="153" data-artitype="ET Free" data-artdate="May 09, 2010, 09:39:00 AM IST" data-arttitle="Raman Effect: fingerprinting the universe" data-artseo="swaminathan-s-a-aiyar/raman-effect-fingerprinting-the-universe" data-agency="ET Bureau" data-authors="S A Aiyar" data-artidate="May 09, 2010, 09:39:00 AM IST" data-hyp1="Raman Effect,united states,science teacher,player,Stanford University,Product Issues,ROTTERDAM,laser technology,Delta Nu" data-keywords="Raman Effect,united states,science teacher,player,Stanford University,Product Issues,ROTTERDAM,laser technology,Delta Nu" data-publish-type="Native - 5908907" data-audCnt="No" data-vidCnt="No" data-authorIds="479208884" data-age=">72hrs"><script type="text/javascript">var _BL_pg = 0;</script><script type="text/javascript">var competitionClients = '';</script><script type="text/javascript"> var showFullWidthArticle = '1'; var crrArtId = '5908907'; </script><div class="topPart clearfix tac fixedOnLoad"><h3 class="artsec_nm" data-ga-action="Filter"><span class="cSprite icon_pp"></span></h3><h1 class="artTitle font_faus">Raman Effect: fingerprinting the universe</h1></div><div class="bylineBox"><div class="dt contentwrapper"><div class="dtc vam artByline"><div class="story_title clearfix"><div class="menu_list flt"><span class="lines"><span class="line1"></span><span class="line2"></span><span class="line3"></span></span><span>SECTIONS</span></div><div class="arttitle flt">Raman Effect: fingerprinting the universe</div></div>By <div class="auth"><a data-hostid="153" data-auid="479208884" data-auname="S A Aiyar - 479208884" href="/etreporter/author-s-a-aiyar-479208884.cms" target="_blank" rel="author">S A Aiyar</a><div class="author_box"></div></div>, <span class="ag">ET Bureau</span><span class="circle"></span><time class="jsdtTime" data-dt="1273378140000">Last Updated: May 09, 2010, 09:39:00 AM IST</time></div><div class="dtc vam artShare flr" data-ga-action="Action"><div class="userRating hide"><span class="rating_icon"></span><span>Rate Story</span><div 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class="pageContent flt"><div style="position:absolute; height:250px; width:300px; top:12px; right:1%" id="primuser_ad_absolute"><div data-loc="All" data-user="subscribed" data-size="[[300,250]]" data-adsSlot="ET_Prime/ET_Prime_AS/ET_Prime_AS_ATF_Mid_Banner" id="primead_5908907" class="primeuser_asmidad"></div></div><div class="artSyn bgPink"><div class="bold">Synopsis</div><h2 class="summary">At school, we were taught that Sir CV Raman won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics for discovering the "Raman effect". </h2></div><article competitionClients="" currency_ad="1" data-apw="1" class="artData clr paywall"><div class="imgBox"></div><div data-brCount="20" class="artText">At school, we were taught that Sir CV Raman won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics for discovering the "Raman effect". But when we asked what exactly the <a ref="dofollow" data-ga-onclick="Inarticle articleshow link click#Opinion#href" href="/topic/raman-effect" target="_blank">Raman Effect</a> was, our <a ref="dofollow" data-ga-onclick="Inarticle articleshow link click#Opinion#href" href="/topic/science-teacher" target="_blank">science teacher</a> fobbed us off, saying "it's very complicated." Clearly, even he didn't know. Cynical students wondered why a complicated discovery without any obvious use had won the Nobel Prize.<br><br><style> #sr_widget.onDemand p, #stock_pro.onDemand p{font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.28;} .onDemand .live_stock{left:17px;padding:1px 3px 1px 5px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;line-height:18px;top:9px} #sr_widget.onDemand .sr_desc{margin:0 auto 0;} #sr_widget.onDemand .sr_desc{color: #024d99;margin-top:10px;} #sr_widget.onDemand .crypto .live_stock .lb-icon{8px 6px 5px 3px !important} #sr_widget.crypto.onDemand a.text{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-bottom:5px;display:block;width:100%} #sr_widget.onDemand .sr_desc .text p, #stock_pro.onDemand .sr_desc .text p{font-size:12px;font-weight:400;} </style><div class="crypto onDemand" data-ga-impression="On Demand CTA articleshow#Impressions | On Demand CTA | Articleshow#" id="sr_widget"><div class="live live_stock"><p>Trump-Modi Meet</p></div><div style="margin-top: 10px;float: left;width: 100%;"><a class="text" target="_blank" data-ga-onclick="On Demand CTA articleshow#Clicks | On Demand CTA | Articleshow#https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/trump-modi-talk-fighter-jets-trade-wars-china-making-india-great-again-leave-out-adani/articleshow/118233685.cms" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/trump-modi-talk-fighter-jets-trade-wars-china-making-india-great-again-leave-out-adani/articleshow/118233685.cms"><p style="font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin-top: 5px;" class="sr_desc">The mega MIGA, MAGA plans of India's Modi and US' Trump</p></a><a class="text" target="_blank" data-ga-onclick="On Demand CTA articleshow#Clicks | On Demand CTA | Articleshow#https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/trump-announces-reciprocal-tariffs-says-india-has-more-tariffs-than-any-other-country/articleshow/118224384.cms" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/trump-announces-reciprocal-tariffs-says-india-has-more-tariffs-than-any-other-country/articleshow/118224384.cms"><p style="font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin-top: 5px;" class="sr_desc">Trump says India has more tariffs than others</p></a><a class="text" target="_blank" data-ga-onclick="On Demand CTA articleshow#Clicks | On Demand CTA | Articleshow#https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/global-trends/trumps-golden-rule-for-imposing-reciprocal-tariffs-and-what-they-mean-for-us-allies-explained/articleshow/118234227.cms" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/global-trends/trumps-golden-rule-for-imposing-reciprocal-tariffs-and-what-they-mean-for-us-allies-explained/articleshow/118234227.cms"><p style="font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin-top: 5px;" class="sr_desc">Trump's 'golden rule' for imposing reciprocal tariffs</p></a></div></div>But today, Raman's discovery has finally become a breakthrough technology. Hand-held scanners called Raman scanners, weighing just one-third of a kilo, are being used by US narcotics squads and airports to detect drugs. Security experts think that Raman scanners may be the best devices to detect explosives carried by terrorists. Safety inspectors are using Raman scanners to detect hazardous chemicals and gases. Police forces are using Raman scanners for forensic work.<br><div data-mid-newpos-mgid="mgid_5908907" id="div-mgid-mid-newpos-5908907"></div><br>The scanners work by detecting the molecular structure of the object they are scanning. If you shoot a beam of light on an object, a very small part of it interacts with the atoms of the object and scatters light in a pattern or spectrum unique to that particular molecule. This is the Raman Effect. It is difficult to detect, and typically needs lasers to amplify the signal. Every molecule has a different Raman pattern. This is why Raman scanning has been called the fingerprinting of the universe: it can identify substances as surely as fingerprints can identify humans.<br><div style="margin-bottom:45px;" class="adBox custom_ad nonm taboola" data-taboola="taboola_5908907"><div class="colombia colombiaAd" data-section="0" data-position="5908907" data-slot="532740" col="2" data-msg="ctnCallbackHandler" id="div-clmb-ctn-208630-5908907-20"></div><div id="v-economictimes-indiatimes-v3"></div><div data-placement="Mid Article Thumbnails" data-target_type="mix" data-mode="thumbnails-mid" style="min-height:400px; margin-bottom:12px;" class="wdt-taboola" id="taboola-mid-article-thumbnails-5908907"></div></div><br>Identifying the chemical composition of a substance typically requires chemical and physical tests that take time, maybe days. They typically require a sample to be extracted and destroyed while testing. But Raman scanning can take just 20 seconds. It does not require cutting, extracting or destroying a substance. Scanners have a laser, spectroscope and an electronic heart that can recognize Raman patterns. This yields almost instant recognition of target substances.<br><br>For instance, narcotics squads in the US are using Raman scanners programmed to detect up to 100 drugs. At the scene of a crime, or during airport security checks, the scanner can tell whether a substance is heroin, crack cocaine, amphetamine, or plain chalk. 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Prince Patni, Software Developer (BI, Data Science)</p><button class="view">View Program <span></span></button></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="nextprev-btn"><span class="arrow_btn prev-btn cSprite disable"></span><span class="arrow_btn next-btn cSprite"></span></div><div class="ts-dots"><ul class="sliderContainer"></ul></div></div><br><div data-mid-vdoai="vdoai_5908907" id="div-vdoai-mid-5908907"></div>For decades, Raman's discovery could not be converted into easily usable or affordable tools. In his time, equipment for lasers and spectrum separation and scanning were primitive, bulky and costly. Only in the 1980s did <a ref="dofollow" data-ga-onclick="Inarticle articleshow link click#Opinion#href" href="/topic/laser-technology" target="_blank">laser technology</a> progress to the point where it was compact and economic. This new technology was most popularly established in the CD <a ref="dofollow" data-ga-onclick="Inarticle articleshow link click#Opinion#href" href="/topic/player" target="_blank">player</a>: a laser could scan a disc to play music.<br><br><div data-size="[[300, 250], [600, 250], [600, 300]]" data-adsSlot="/7176/Economictimes/ET_News/ET_News_ROS/ET_News_ROS_MID_INTL_300" data-loc="100" id="div-gpt-ad-858478126-1-5908907" class="country_specAD"></div>Scientists in many fields, including space and telecom, began to research applications for the Raman Effect. Some found ways to enhance the Raman Effect by adding surface metals, making the effect easier to detect. This led ultimately to the invention of scanners that could detect trace elements of less than one part per billion. Such scanners can identify minute quantities of bacteria, chemical pollutants, or explosive elements.<br><br><div data-size="[[300, 250], [600, 250], [600, 300]]" data-adsSlot="/7176/Economictimes/ET_News/ET_News_ROS/ET_News_ROS_MID1_INTL_300" data-loc="2" id="div-gpt-ad-858478132-1-5908907" class="country_specAD2nd"></div><div data-size="[[300, 250], [600, 250], [600, 300]]" data-adsSlot="/7176/Economictimes/ET_News/ET_News_ROS/ET_News_ROS_MID1_INTL_300" data-loc="5" id="div-gpt-ad-858478132-1-5908907" class="country_specAD2nd"></div><div data-size="[[300, 250], [600, 250], [600, 300]]" data-adsSlot="/7176/Economictimes/ET_News/ET_News_ROS/ET_News_ROS_MID1_INTL_300" data-loc="3" id="div-gpt-ad-858478132-1-5908907" class="country_specAD2nd"></div>A recent article in The Atlantic, a US monthly, says that Raman scanners are gradually becoming big business. It cites officials at <a ref="dofollow" data-ga-onclick="Inarticle articleshow link click#Opinion#href" href="/topic/delta-nu" target="_blank">Delta Nu</a>, a manufacturer of Raman scanners, as saying that scanners are already a $150 million business, and growing fast. The company's scanners currently cost $15,000 each, but it hopes to cut the cost to just $5,000 in the next five to ten years.<br><br>Researchers at UCLA and Intel have incorporated the Raman Effect on silicon. Because of its crystalline structure, the Raman Effect is 10,000 times stronger in silicon than glass. Researchers at JPL and Caltech have found other ways to increase laser efficiency. This has driven down size and costs.<br><br>Researchers at <a ref="dofollow" data-ga-onclick="Inarticle articleshow link click#Opinion#href" href="/topic/stanford-university" target="_blank">Stanford University</a> are experimenting with Raman scanners to diagnose cancers in various organs. River Diagnostics in <a ref="dofollow" data-ga-onclick="Inarticle articleshow link click#Opinion#href" href="/topic/rotterdam" target="_blank">Rotterdam</a> is marketing a bacteria analyzer that hospitals can use to instantly detect deadly pathogens. One day, Raman scanners may make blood tests obsolete: a scan may suffice to tell you the content of glucose, cholesterol, uric acid and other elements in your blood.<br><br>Scientists aim ultimately to create a database of Raman patterns of every substance for easy identification. This is similar to Nandan Nilekani creating a national database for fingerprints and irises to identify every Indian. Databases have already been created for narcotics, pollutants and explosives, which is why scanners have already become practical tools. Every time they are used to catch a drug smuggler or terrorist, or to detect a cancer or pollutant, we can give thanks to CV Raman. 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", "datePublished": "2010-05-09T09:39:00+05:30", "dateModified": "2010-05-09T09:39:00+05:30", "url":"https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/swaminathan-s-a-aiyar/raman-effect-fingerprinting-the-universe/articleshow/5908907.cms", "mainEntityOfPage":"https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/swaminathan-s-a-aiyar/raman-effect-fingerprinting-the-universe/articleshow/5908907.cms", "articleSection" : "Opinion", "articleBody":"At school, we were taught that Sir CV Raman won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics for discovering the Raman effect . But when we asked what exactly the Raman Effect was, our science teacher fobbed us off, saying it's very complicated. Clearly, even he didn't know. Cynical students wondered why a complicated discovery without any obvious use had won the Nobel Prize.But today, Raman's discovery has finally become a breakthrough technology. Hand-held scanners called Raman scanners, weighing just one-third of a kilo, are being used by US narcotics squads and airports to detect drugs. Security experts think that Raman scanners may be the best devices to detect explosives carried by terrorists. Safety inspectors are using Raman scanners to detect hazardous chemicals and gases. Police forces are using Raman scanners for forensic work.The scanners work by detecting the molecular structure of the object they are scanning. If you shoot a beam of light on an object, a very small part of it interacts with the atoms of the object and scatters light in a pattern or spectrum unique to that particular molecule. This is the Raman Effect. It is difficult to detect, and typically needs lasers to amplify the signal. Every molecule has a different Raman pattern. This is why Raman scanning has been called the fingerprinting of the universe: it can identify substances as surely as fingerprints can identify humans.Identifying the chemical composition of a substance typically requires chemical and physical tests that take time, maybe days. They typically require a sample to be extracted and destroyed while testing. But Raman scanning can take just 20 seconds. It does not require cutting, extracting or destroying a substance. Scanners have a laser, spectroscope and an electronic heart that can recognize Raman patterns. This yields almost instant recognition of target substances.For instance, narcotics squads in the US are using Raman scanners programmed to detect up to 100 drugs. At the scene of a crime, or during airport security checks, the scanner can tell whether a substance is heroin, crack cocaine, amphetamine, or plain chalk. Security experts can programme scanners to detect different sorts of explosives such as RDX or nitroglycerine.For decades, Raman's discovery could not be converted into easily usable or affordable tools. In his time, equipment for lasers and spectrum separation and scanning were primitive, bulky and costly. Only in the 1980s did laser technology progress to the point where it was compact and economic. This new technology was most popularly established in the CD player: a laser could scan a disc to play music.Scientists in many fields, including space and telecom, began to research applications for the Raman Effect. Some found ways to enhance the Raman Effect by adding surface metals, making the effect easier to detect. This led ultimately to the invention of scanners that could detect trace elements of less than one part per billion. Such scanners can identify minute quantities of bacteria, chemical pollutants, or explosive elements.A recent article in The Atlantic, a US monthly, says that Raman scanners are gradually becoming big business. It cites officials at Delta Nu, a manufacturer of Raman scanners, as saying that scanners are already a $150 million business, and growing fast. The company's scanners currently cost $15,000 each, but it hopes to cut the cost to just $5,000 in the next five to ten years.Researchers at UCLA and Intel have incorporated the Raman Effect on silicon. Because of its crystalline structure, the Raman Effect is 10,000 times stronger in silicon than glass. Researchers at JPL and Caltech have found other ways to increase laser efficiency. This has driven down size and costs.Researchers at Stanford University are experimenting with Raman scanners to diagnose cancers in various organs. River Diagnostics in Rotterdam is marketing a bacteria analyzer that hospitals can use to instantly detect deadly pathogens. One day, Raman scanners may make blood tests obsolete: a scan may suffice to tell you the content of glucose, cholesterol, uric acid and other elements in your blood.Scientists aim ultimately to create a database of Raman patterns of every substance for easy identification. This is similar to Nandan Nilekani creating a national database for fingerprints and irises to identify every Indian. Databases have already been created for narcotics, pollutants and explosives, which is why scanners have already become practical tools. Every time they are used to catch a drug smuggler or terrorist, or to detect a cancer or pollutant, we can give thanks to CV Raman. 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'100' : ''; var sectionName = artNode.sectionName || '-'; var clickEvent = 'Story Collection on Paywall - Click_Missed paid articles#' + sectionName + '#' + (i+1) + ' - href'; listing += '<li class="stry_item"><span class="title_block" title="' + artNode.hl + '" data-ga-onclick="' + clickEvent + '" href="' + artNode.ga + '" data-conttype="' + artNode.ga + '"><img title="' + artNode.hl + '" alt="' + artNode.hl + '" height="177" width="236" src="' + artNode.im + '"></span><div class="content"><a title="' + artNode.hl + '" data-ga-onclick="' + clickEvent + '" href="' + artNode.ga + '" class="stry_title font_faus" data-conttype="' + conttype + '" data-hostid="' + artNode.hostid + '">' + artNode.hl + '</a></div></li>'; }); } if(listing) { var h3 = "You tried reading " + listArr.length + " locked stories in the past " + threshold + " days.", h4 = "Become an ET Prime member and don't miss out on these exclusive stories."; var html = '<div data-ga-impression="Story Collection on Paywall - Impression_Missed paid articles#Story Collection on Paywall - Impression_Missed paid articles#url" id="paywallStoriesSlider_freeArt"><div class="prel"><h3 class="section_heading" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">' + h3 + '</h3><h4 class="section_heading2" style="font-size:24px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 10px;font-weight: 500;">' + h4 + '</h4><div class="slider_listing_sc"><div class="overh"><div><ul class="listing_wrapper">' + listing + '</ul></div></div><div class="nextprev-btn"><span class="prev-btn leftarw abicon_sprite disable"></span><span class="next-btn rightarw abicon_sprite"></span></div><div class="ts-dots flt hide"></div></div></div></div>'; $('#paidSCWidget').html(html); var callback = $('#paidSCWidget').attr('data-callback'); if(callback && window[callback]) { window[callback](); } customDimension.dimension72 += ' | Shown SYFT no Trial_With Missed Paywalled Articles Collection'; } else { _processNormal() } } }); } else { _processNormal(); } } catch (e) { _processNormal(); } }, function () { _processNormal(); }); //console.log('storyCollectionLoad', $); } </script><div id="missedStoriesWidget"></div><div id="newArticleBlocker"></div><div id="benifitsSection"><div class="f_list"><h3 class="tac normal"><span class="prel">Why <span class="cSprite ePrime"></span>?</span></h3><ul></ul></div></div></section></div><div class="shadow_exitdlg"><div class="exitdlg_wrapper"><span class="close_btn"></span><p class="heading">Stories you might be interested in</p><ul></ul><div class="footer_nwsltr"><div class="flt"><span class="hdr_label">Subscribe to our</span><span class="subhdr_label">ET Investment Opportunities</span></div><div class="flr"><input placeholder="Enter your email id here" class="input_nwsltr" type="text"><button class="submit_btn" type="button">SUBMIT</button></div></div></div></div><script onerror="errorLogs(this)" src="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/js_ettechpoll/v-5,minify-3.cms" type="text/javascript" defer></script><script> if(window.location.href.indexOf('.com/articleshow/') != -1){ grxEvent('event', {'event_category': 'articleshow', 'event_action': 'url_issue referrer: ' + document.referrer, 'event_label': window.location.href}); } </script></body></html>