CINXE.COM

<html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=msCHzjBE" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov:80/Drought/","20080819121047","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1219147847"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>EO Data and Images: Drought and Vegetation Monitoring</title> <style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <body text="#000000" link="#CC3333" vlink="#3366CC" alink="#FFCC33" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">  <table width="600" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr><td width="600" align="right" colspan="3"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Navbar/home_heading.gif" width="600" height="52" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" alt="NASA's Earth Observatory" usemap="#top"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="60" rowspan="3"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/SiteIcons/spacerw.jpg" width="60" height="1" alt=" "></td> <td width="540" nowrap valign="top" colspan="2"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Navbar/navbar.gif" width="540" height="12" alt="Earth Observatory Navigation Bar" border="0" usemap="#navbar"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="279">  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819121047/http://eobglossary.gsfc.nasa.gov//Drought/index.html"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Navbar/glossary_off.gif" width="128" height="20" border="0" alt="Turn glossary mode on" vspace="5"></a>  </td> <td width="261" align="right"><a href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Drought/"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Navbar/drought_title.gif" width="261" height="29" hspace="0" vspace="5" border="0" alt="Drought"></a></td> </tr> <map name="top"> <area shape="rect" coords="55,0,420,46" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" alt="Earth Observatory Home"> <area shape="rect" coords="555,5,600,46" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://www.nasa.gov/" alt="NASA"> </map> <map name="navbar"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,38,11" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" alt="Earth Observatory Home"> <area shape="rect" coords="48,0,146,11" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Observatory/" alt="Data and Images"> <area shape="rect" coords="154,0,211,11" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/" alt="Features"> <area shape="rect" coords="220,0,257,11" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/" alt="News"> <area shape="rect" coords="266,0,333,11" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/" alt="Reference"> <area shape="rect" coords="342,0,396,11" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/MissionControl/" alt="Missions"> <area shape="rect" coords="405,0,485,11" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/" alt="Experiments"> <area shape="rect" coords="495,0,539,11" href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/texis/Search/search" alt="Search"> </map> </table>  <p><table width="600" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td width="600" colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr><td width="60"> </td> <td width="540" colspan="5"><b>August 2000 Vegetation Anomaly</b></td> <tr><td width="60"> </td> <td width="172"><a href="Afr_anomaly_200008.html"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Drought/Data/thumbnails/Afr_anomaly_200008_tn.jpg" alt="Africa" width="172" height="172" hspace="0" vspace="2" border="0"></a></td> <td width="12"> </td> <td width="172"><a href="NAmer_anomaly_200008.html"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Drought/Data/thumbnails/NAmer_anomaly_200008_tn.jpg" alt="North America" width="172" height="172" hspace="0" vspace="2" border="0"></a></td> <td width="12"> </td> <td width="172"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Drought/Images/SAmer_missing.gif" alt="South America" width="172" height="172" hspace="0" vspace="2" border="0"></td></tr> <tr><td width="60"> </td> <td width="540" colspan="5" align="center"><img src="/web/20080819121047im_/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Drought/Images/anomaly_palette.jpg" alt="NDVI Anomaly Palette" width="350" height="39" hspace="0" vspace="7" border="0"></td></tr> <tr><td width="60"> </td> <td width="540" colspan="5"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="540"><tr><td class="matrix"><b>Data:</b></td> <td class="matrix">Vegetation Anomaly · <a href="drought_ndvi.html">Vegetation Index</a> · <a href="drought_averagendvi.html">Average Vegetation</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="matrix"><b>Region:</b></td> <td class="matrix"><a href="Afr_anomaly_200008.html">Africa</a> · <a href="NAmer_anomaly_200008.html">North America</a> · <font color="#999999">South America</font></td></tr></table></td></tr> <tr><td width="60"> </td><td width="540" colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr><td width="60"> </td> <td width="356" colspan="3" valign="top">Drought is by far the most damaging of all natural disasters. Worldwide, since 1967, drought is responsible for millions of deaths and has cost hundreds of billions of dollars in damage. The U.S. drought in 1988 alone cost an estimated $40 billion. Africa suffered its worst dry-spell of the century in 1991-92 when drought covered a region of 2.6 million square miles (6.7 million square km) and affected about 24 million people. <p>What is drought and what causes it? How do we track it? Are we seeing more dry spells today, and are they growing longer and more severe? How early can scientists forecast the onset of a drought and what can be done to lessen its economic impact? Through the use of satellite remote sensors, researchers at NASA and NOAA have been monitoring the causes and effects of drought worldwide for the past two decades. This site presents an overview of the art and science of global drought monitoring, with maps showing regions affected by drought, updated monthly. <p>North American data from <a href="NAmer_anomaly_198808.html">August 1988</a> shows one of the worst droughts in recent memory, devastating farms in the upper midwest, while <a href="NAmer_anomaly_199308.html">August 1993</a> was exceptionally wet in the same area, leading to flooding on the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. <p>A severe drought in Eastern Africa in <a href="Afr_anomaly_198408.html">August 1984</a> led to widespread famine killing over 700,000 people during the following year. <p>Images courtesy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Branch, based on data from NOAA.</td> <td width="12"> </td> <td width="172" class="caption" valign="top"><b><a href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/DroughtFacts/">Drought: the Creeping Disaster</a></b> <br>Drought is defined in three ways: an extended period of below normal rainfall, a long term depletion of groundwater, or the stunting of vegetation growth due to a lack of water. <p><b><a href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/MeasuringVegetation/">Measuring Vegetation (NDVI & EVI)</a></b> <br>Scientists combine infrared and visible lightt information gathered by satellites to derive the normalized difference vegetation index, or NDVI, which indicates plant vigor. <p><a href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/NAmerDrought/"><b>Dry Times in North America</b></a> <br>North American droughts follow the rhythms of several long term climate cycles, including El Niño. <p><a href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Drought/links.html"><b>Related links and bibliography</b></a> </td></tr></table>  <p> <table width="600" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr><td width="60" rowspan="2"> </td> <td width="540"> </td></tr> <tr><td width="540"> <a href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Subscribe/"><b>Subscribe to the Earth Observatory</b></a><br/> <a href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/masthead.html"><b>About the Earth Observatory</b></a><br/> <a href="/web/20080819121047/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/contact/"><b>Contact Us</b></a><br/> <font size="-1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819121047/http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html">Privacy Policy and Important Notices</a><br/> Responsible NASA Official: Lorraine A. Remer<br/> Webmaster: Goran Halusa<br/> We're a part of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819121047/http://earth.nasa.gov/">Science Mission Directorate</a> </font></td> </tr> </table>  </body> </html>