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Protéger de l’urbanisation les plus beaux sites littoraux </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL, Les fondements du Conservatoire du littoral" href="/encyclopedie/conservatoire-du-littoral/2-les-fondements-du-conservatoire-du-littoral/"> 2. Les fondements du Conservatoire du littoral </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL, Organisation et fonctionnement du Conservatoire du littoral " href="/encyclopedie/conservatoire-du-littoral/3-organisation-et-fonctionnement-du-conservatoire-du-littoral/"> 3. Organisation et fonctionnement du Conservatoire du littoral </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL, L’enracinement du Conservatoire du littoral" href="/encyclopedie/conservatoire-du-littoral/4-l-enracinement-du-conservatoire-du-littoral/"> 4. L’enracinement du Conservatoire du littoral </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL, Le développement du Conservatoire du littoral" href="/encyclopedie/conservatoire-du-littoral/5-le-developpement-du-conservatoire-du-littoral/"> 5. Le développement du Conservatoire du littoral </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL, Les moyens d’action du Conservatoire du littoral" href="/encyclopedie/conservatoire-du-littoral/6-les-moyens-d-action-du-conservatoire-du-littoral/"> 6. Les moyens d’action du Conservatoire du littoral </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL, Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/conservatoire-du-littoral/7-bibliographie/"> 7. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL</strong> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content paged type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC240041_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC240041_0"></i><p> Le Conservatoire du littoral, de son nom complet Conservatoire de l’espace littoral et des rivages lacustres (CELRL), est un établissement public français créé par la loi du 10 juillet 1975, à l’initiative de la Délégation à l’aménagement du territoire et à l’action régionale (DATAR). Sa mission est d’acquérir des terrains en vue d’y mener une politique de sauvegarde de l’espace littoral. </p><p>La préservation du littoral par le Conservatoire répond ainsi à quatre objectifs principaux : « la conservation d’espaces dont la valeur patrimoniale engage notre responsabilité à l’égard des générations futures ; la préservation d’un capital naturel et historique fondamental pour l’attractivité de notre territoire ; le bien-être social de tous par l’accueil équitable et partagé des populations ; la protection des biens et des personnes contre les phénomènes climatiques extrêmes en permettant un espace tampon entre l’océan et les enjeux humains. »</p><p>L’objectif est de parvenir, à l’horizon de 2050, à protéger et à garder « sauvage » le tiers du littoral français, soit quelque 300 000 hectares environ, outre-mer inclus.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC240041_1"><i class="anchor" id="yC240041_1"></i><h2>Protéger de l’urbanisation les plus beaux sites littoraux </h2><p>Dans les années 1960, le développement anarchique du littoral préoccupe les pouvoirs publics et les associations de conservation de la nature et de protection des paysages. En 1971, au cours d’une réunion interministérielle organisée par la DATAR, Michel Piquard est chargé d’animer un groupe d’études sur « les perspectives à long terme d’aménagement du littoral français ».</p><p>Remis au <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le terme « gouvernement » désigne le groupe de personnes dont la fonction principale consiste à assurer l'avenir d'une société politique, donc d'un pays. Cette constatation, à la fois historique et géographique, conduit à procéder à deux distinctions importantes.. La première distinction porte sur l'origine du gouvernement et sur la manière dont ses titulaires accèdent à cette p..." title="Article : GOUVERNEMENT" href="/encyclopedie/gouvernement/">gouvernement</a> le 5 novembre 1973, le rapport Piquard fait une analyse sans concession des pressions que les activités économiques – traditionnelles comme la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La pêche est la seule activité de chasse et de cueillette à avoir atteint un développement comparable à celui des grandes productions animales terrestres qui s'appuient toutes sur la domestication. Elle fournit un sixième des protéines animales consommées par l'homme. Pendant longtemps, elle a progressé plus rapidement que les élevages terrestres. Mais au cours des années 1990 sa cr..." title="Article : PÊCHE" href="/encyclopedie/peche/">pêche</a> et l’agriculture, ou plus récentes, comme la pétrochimie – et l’essor de l’urbanisation – dû à un développement touristique le plus souvent inorganisé – font peser sur les milieux naturels et les paysages côtiers. Déjà, à cette époque, la moitié des rivages est urbanisée. </p><p>Si l’on veut conserver sur le littoral des espaces de nature, des paysages libres, échappant à l’urbanisation et à l’artificialisation, la protection réglementaire ne suffira pas. La pression est trop forte. Les communes littorales ont une densité de population de plus du double de la moyenne nationale. Elles concentrent la moitié des nuitées touristiques. </p><p>Michel Piquard estime que seule l’acquisition définitive, à des fins de protection, mettrait les sites côtiers les plus beaux, les plus fragiles et les plus menacés à l’abri de la spéculation. Il propose la création d’un Conservatoire du littoral pour « en conserver l’aspect et en conserver l’accès », s’inspirant de l’exemple britannique du National Trust. Ce dernier organisme avait été créé en 1895 par trois personnes persuadées que la nature et le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Issu du vocabulaire juridique, le mot « patrimoine » a été utilisé au début des années 1970 pour désigner les productions humaines à caractère artistique que le passé a laissées en héritage et on n'a pas fini d'explorer le contenu du terme dans son acception récente. Pour en limiter, en fait, l'emploi aux seuls beaux-arts, les utilisateurs entendaient néanmoins écarter d'autres ..." title="Article : PATRIMOINE, art et culture" href="/encyclopedie/patrimoine-art-et-culture/">patrimoine</a> bâti le plus remarquable constituaient un bien commun de l’humanité et qu’il fallait s’unir pour rassembler les moyens d’en éviter la destruction. Devenu une véritable institution, comptant 2 millions de membres, il est propriétaire ou gérant de centaines de parcs, d’espaces naturels et de monuments. Dans le contexte français, cette intervention doit être publique. Il appartient à l’État de se substituer aux propriétaires privés lorsque l’intérêt général l’exige.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="C240041_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="LETOURNEUX, François"><a title="Auteur : François LETOURNEUX" rel="author" href="/auteurs/francois-letourneux/"><strong>François LETOURNEUX</strong></a> : ingénieur général du génie rural, des eaux et des forêts, président d’honneur du comité français pour l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL" href="/carte-mentale/conservatoire-du-littoral/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yC240041_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Environnement" href="/classification/environnement/"> Environnement </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Protection et gestion de l'environnement"> <a title="Classification : Protection et gestion de l'environnement" href="/classification/environnement/protection-et-gestion-de-l-environnement/"> Protection et gestion de l'environnement </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 2"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Environnement" href="/classification/environnement/"> Environnement </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Environnement: droit et politique" href="/classification/environnement/environnement-droit-et-politique/"> Environnement: droit et politique </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Droit de l'environnement"> <a title="Classification : Droit de l'environnement" href="/classification/environnement/environnement-droit-et-politique/droit-de-l-environnement/"> Droit de l'environnement </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 3"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Environnement" href="/classification/environnement/"> Environnement </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Protection et gestion de l'environnement" href="/classification/environnement/protection-et-gestion-de-l-environnement/"> Protection et gestion de l'environnement </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Protection des milieux naturels et des paysages"> <a title="Classification : Protection des milieux naturels et des paysages" href="/classification/environnement/protection-et-gestion-de-l-environnement/protection-des-milieux-naturels-et-des-paysages/"> Protection des milieux naturels et des paysages </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yC240041_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Médias</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH140443" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Les garennes de Lornel" href="/media/les-garennes-de-lornel-ph140443/"> <img id="PH140443" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/a/csm_ph140443_95183d802f.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Les garennes de Lornel - crédits : A. Ceccaroli/ Conservatoire du littoral " data-description="Situé à l'embouchure de la Canche (Pas-de-Calais), le site des garennes de Lornel est la première acquisition du Conservatoire du littoral, faite en 1976, un an après la création de cet établissement public. Classé en réserve naturelle nationale depuis 1987, il est constitué par de vastes dunes…" data-copyright="A. Ceccaroli/ Conservatoire du littoral " width="1024" height="674" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Les garennes de Lornel </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> A. Ceccaroli/ Conservatoire du littoral </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH140444" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Pointe du Hoc (Calvados)" href="/media/pointe-du-hoc-calvados-ph140444/"> <img id="PH140444" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/f/csm_ph140444_174c58e81d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Pointe du Hoc (Calvados) - crédits : F. Larrey/ Conservatoire du littoral " data-description="Vue aérienne de la pointe du Hoc avec ses falaises calcaires d'une trentaine de mètres tombant à pic sur une étroite plage de galets. Situé entre Utah Beach et Omaha Beach, ce site – « modelé » par les obus et les bombes, et abritant de nombreux blockhaus – témoigne de la terrible bataille qui s'y…" data-copyright="F. Larrey/ Conservatoire du littoral " width="1024" height="684" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Pointe du Hoc (Calvados) </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> F. Larrey/ Conservatoire du littoral </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH140445" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Corniche des Maures" href="/media/corniche-des-maures-ph140445/"> <img id="PH140445" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/6/csm_ph140445_dd4695eba0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Corniche des Maures - crédits : É. Roux/ Conservatoire du littoral " data-description="Pour éviter la destruction de cet environnement unique sur la corniche des Maures, Mireille Foncin fit don en 1977 de sa propriété, située sur la commune de Cavalaire-sur-Mer (Var), au Conservatoire du littoral. Faisant face aux îles d'Hyères, ce domaine couvre une colline boisée (15 ha) surplombant…" data-copyright="É. Roux/ Conservatoire du littoral " width="693" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Corniche des Maures </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> É. Roux/ Conservatoire du littoral </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yC240041_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/nord-pas-de-calais/#c51140"> <span class="rg">NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Pierre-Jean THUMERELLE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 708 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS" href="/encyclopedie/nord-pas-de-calais/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Nord-Pas-de-Calais : carte administrative&nbsp;avant réforme - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/7/csm_at101703_bebe7a0ed5.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...renforcent et le rivage ancien, l'homme a colmaté et asséché un espace primitivement amphibie par un système de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le canal de navigation est une vaste voie d'eau, une ligne qui sillonne le territoire et qui a, malgré la variété des paysages traversés, une étonnante unité de conception et souvent de réalisation. Cette unité, ponctuée par la répétition d'ouvrages d'art (écluses, maisons éclusières, épanchoirs, ponts ...), explique la rigueur de sa construction.. Le canal partage avec la voie fer..." title="Article : CANAUX" href="/encyclopedie/canaux/">canaux</a>, d'écluses et de pompes. Le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Conservatoire du littoral, de son nom complet Conservatoire de l’espace littoral et des rivages lacustres (CELRL), est un établissement public français créé par la loi du 10 juillet 1975, à l’initiative de la Délégation à l’aménagement du territoire et à l’action régionale (DATAR). Sa mission est d’acquérir des terrains en vue d’y mener une politique de sau..." title="Article : CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL" href="/encyclopedie/conservatoire-du-littoral/">Conservatoire du littoral</a> a fait d'importants efforts pour préserver les espaces dunaires, les seuls derniers espaces vraiment naturels de la région.... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/sites-naturels-france/"> <span class="rg">SITES NATURELS, </span><em class="it">France</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Robert BARBAULT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">908 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Les aires protégées sont, selon la définition de l'U.I.C.N. (Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature, aujourd'hui Union mondiale pour la nature), des « zones de terre ou de mer particulièrement consacrées à la protection de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La biodiversité, qui représente la diversité biologique, ou diversité du monde vivant, a subi de façon croissante depuis l’apparition de l’homme moderne des pressions qui l’entraînent, au xxi e siècle, au bord de sa sixième crise d’extinction. Nécessaire au maintien de la vie sur Terre, elle est le fruit de milliards d’années d’évolution. Elle offre des contributions inco..." title="Article : BIODIVERSITÉ" href="/encyclopedie/biodiversite/">biodiversité</a> et des <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On dénomme ressources naturelles les diverses ressources minérales ou biologiques nécessaires à la vie de l'homme et à ses activités économiques. 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