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mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menuya esasî" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menuya esasî" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menuya esasî</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menuya esasî</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navîgasyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Here Destpêkê [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Destpêk · Sereta</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:B%C3%BByer%C3%AAn_rojane" title="Der barê bûyerên dawî de agahiyên nûjen bibîne"><span>Bûyerên rojane</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:R%C3%BBpela_tesaduf%C3%AE" title="Rûpeleke ketober bar bike [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rûpeleke ketober</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:SpecialPages"><span>Rûpelên taybet</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Beşdarî" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Beşdarî" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beşdarî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Portala_kom%C3%AA" title="Agahdarî li ser projeyê, tu dikarî çi bikî, tu dikarî tiştan li ku bibînî"><span>Portala komê</span></a></li><li id="n-Dîwana-Wîkîpediyayê" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:D%C3%AEwan"><span>Dîwana Wîkîpediyayê</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya guhartinên dawî di vê wîkiyê de [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Guhartinên dawî</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE" title="Bersivên ji bo pirsên te."><span>Alîkarî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wîkîpediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ku.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensîklopediya azad" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ku.svg" width="112" height="14" style="width: 7em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:L%C3%AAger%C3%AEn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Lêgerîn</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" aria-label="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Taybet:Lêgerîn"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Lêgerîn</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Amûrên kesane"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Xuyakirin" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Xuyakirin</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku" class=""><span>Bexş bike</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=Almanya" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye." class=""><span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=Almanya" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Têkeve</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Zêdetir opsiyon" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Amûrên kesane" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Amûrên kesane</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku"><span>Bexş bike</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Beşdarî bike</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=Almanya" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=Almanya" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Têkeve</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Rûpelên ji bo edîtorên derketî <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Gav%C3%AAn_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" aria-label="Di derbarê guhartinê de zêdetir hîn bibe"><span>Zêdetir hîn bibe</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Naverok" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Naverok</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Destpêk</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dîrok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dîrok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dîrok</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dîrok-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Dîrok bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dîrok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eşîrên_german_û_împeratoriya_frenkan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eşîrên_german_û_împeratoriya_frenkan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Eşîrên german û împeratoriya frenkan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eşîrên_german_û_împeratoriya_frenkan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankaya_Rojhilat_û_Împeratoriya_Romaya_Pîroz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankaya_Rojhilat_û_Împeratoriya_Romaya_Pîroz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Frankaya Rojhilat û Împeratoriya Romaya Pîroz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankaya_Rojhilat_û_Împeratoriya_Romaya_Pîroz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konfederasyon_û_Împeratoriya_Almanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konfederasyon_û_Împeratoriya_Almanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Konfederasyon û Împeratoriya Almanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konfederasyon_û_Împeratoriya_Almanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komara_Weimarê_û_Almanyaya_Nazî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komara_Weimarê_û_Almanyaya_Nazî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Komara Weimarê û Almanyaya Nazî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komara_Weimarê_û_Almanyaya_Nazî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Almanyaya_rojhilat_û_rojava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Almanyaya_rojhilat_û_rojava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Almanyaya rojhilat û rojava</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Almanyaya_rojhilat_û_rojava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Almanya,_Yekîtiya_Ewropayê_û_ji_nû_ve_yek_kirin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Almanya,_Yekîtiya_Ewropayê_û_ji_nû_ve_yek_kirin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Almanya, Yekîtiya Ewropayê û ji nû ve yek kirin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Almanya,_Yekîtiya_Ewropayê_û_ji_nû_ve_yek_kirin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erdnîgarî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erdnîgarî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Erdnîgarî</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erdnîgarî-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Erdnîgarî bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erdnîgarî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Avhewa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avhewa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Avhewa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avhewa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pirrengiyabiyo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pirrengiyabiyo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pirrengiyabiyo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pirrengiyabiyo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rêveberî_û_polîtîka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rêveberî_û_polîtîka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rêveberî û polîtîka</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rêveberî_û_polîtîka-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Rêveberî û polîtîka bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rêveberî_û_polîtîka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Herêmên_Almanyayê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herêmên_Almanyayê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Herêmên Almanyayê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herêmên_Almanyayê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giştpirsiya_serxwebûna_Başûrê_Kurdistanê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giştpirsiya_serxwebûna_Başûrê_Kurdistanê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Giştpirsiya serxwebûna Başûrê Kurdistanê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giştpirsiya_serxwebûna_Başûrê_Kurdistanê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Binêre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binêre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Binêre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binêre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Not" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Not"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Not</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Not-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çavkanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çavkanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Çavkanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çavkanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Girêdanên_derve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Girêdanên_derve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Girêdanên derve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Girêdanên_derve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Naverok" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabloya naverokê" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Almanya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Here gotareke bi zimanekî din. Bi 308 zimanan heye." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-308" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bi 308 zimanên din</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Германиа – abxazî" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Германиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abxazî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeureuman" title="Jeureuman – açehî" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jeureuman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="açehî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Германие – adîgeyî" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Германие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adîgeyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland – afrîkansî" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrîkansî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland" title="Deutschland – elmanîşî" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Deutschland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="elmanîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95" title="ጀርመን – amharî" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርመን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – aragonî" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eeodscland" title="Þeodscland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Þeodscland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameni" title="Jameni – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Jameni" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – angîkayî" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angîkayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ألمانيا – erebî" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألمانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="erebî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%A2" title="ܓܪܡܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܪܡܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ألمانيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ألمانيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="المانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="জাৰ্মানী – asamî" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাৰ্মানী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – astûrî" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – avarî" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana" title="Germana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Germana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – awadhî" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alima%C3%B1a" title="Alimaña – aymarayî" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Alimaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymarayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya" title="Almaniya – azerî" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آلمان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – başkîrî" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="başkîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – balînî" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitschland" title="Deitschland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Deitschland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuok%C4%ABt%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Vuokītėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuokītėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Германія – belarûsî" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Германія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нямеччына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нямеччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8tslan" title="Dètslan – betawî" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Dètslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – bulgarî" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemani" title="Jemani – bîslamayî" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jemani" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bîslamayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဂျာမနီခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂျာမနီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alima%C9%B2i" title="Alimaɲi – bambarayî" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Alimaɲi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambarayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="জার্মানি – bengalî" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མན། – tîbetî" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tîbetî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="জার্মানি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জার্মানি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamagn" title="Alamagn – bretonî" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alamagn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka – bosnî" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨍᨙᨑᨆᨊ – bugî" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨍᨙᨑᨆᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Германи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Германи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – katalanî" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ik-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dáik-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dáik-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Лоьмсойн мохк – çeçenî" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лоьмсойн мохк" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – sebwanoyî" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebwanoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – çamoroyî" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="çamoroyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%A5" title="ᎠᏛᏥ – çerokî" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏛᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="çerokî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27ev%C3%A9%27ho%27%C3%A9no" title="Ma'evé'ho'éno – çeyenî" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ma'evé'ho'éno" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="çeyenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئەڵمانیا – kurdî (soranî)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵمانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdî (soranî)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – korsîkayî" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsîkayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya" title="Almaniya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Almaniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmecko" title="Německo – çekî" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Německo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemieck%C3%B4" title="Niemieckô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Niemieckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%A3%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Нѣмьци – slavîya kenîseyî" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Нѣмьци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavîya kenîseyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Германи – çuvaşî" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Германи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvaşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Almaen" title="Yr Almaen – weylsî" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Almaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="weylsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="gotarên baş"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland – danmarkî" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danmarkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland" title="Deutschland – almanî" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutschland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="almanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Almanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimska" title="Nimska – sorbîya jêrîn" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nimska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorbîya jêrîn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ޖަރުމަނުވިލާތް – divehî" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަރުމަނުވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2" title="ཇཱར་མ་ནི – conxayî" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཇཱར་མ་ནི" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="conxayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzamanya" title="Dzamanya – eweyî" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dzamanya" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γερμανία – yûnanî" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="yûnanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A2gna" title="Germâgna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Germâgna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – îngilîzî" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="îngilîzî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – esperantoyî" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="gotarên baş"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – spanî" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksamaa" title="Saksamaa – estonî" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksamaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – baskî" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آلمان – farisî" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="farisî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaanya" title="Almaanya – fulahî" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Almaanya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulahî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa" title="Saksa – fînî" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%27aksamaa" title="S'aksamaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="S'aksamaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamani" title="Jamani – fîjî" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jamani" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fîjî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BDskland" title="Týskland – ferî" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Týskland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne – fransizî" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allemagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransizî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemagnes" title="Alemagnes – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alemagnes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%BCschl%C3%B6nj" title="Tjüschlönj – frîsîya bakur" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tjüschlönj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frîsîya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermanie" title="Gjermanie – frîyolî" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjermanie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frîyolî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtsl%C3%A2n" title="Dútslân – frîsî" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghearm%C3%A1in" title="An Ghearmáin – îrlendî" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghearmáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="îrlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya" title="Germaniya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Germaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="德國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanlmangn" title="Lanlmangn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanlmangn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Ghearmailt" title="A' Ghearmailt – gaelîka skotî" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Ghearmailt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelîka skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – galîsî" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آلمان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آلمان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A1%C3%B1a" title="Alemáña – guwaranî" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Alemáña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guwaranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80" title="જર્મની – gujaratî" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મની" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghermaan" title="Yn Ghermaan – manksî" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghermaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamus" title="Jamus – hawsayî" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jamus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hawsayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet-koet" title="Tet-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tet-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelem%C4%81nia" title="Kelemānia – hawayî" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kelemānia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="גרמניה – îbranî" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="îbranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – hindî" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka – xirwatî" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xirwatî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmska" title="Němska – sorbîya jorîn" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Němska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorbîya jorîn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almay" title="Almay – haîtî" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Almay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1g" title="Németország – mecarî" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Németország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mecarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Գերմանիա – ermenî" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ermenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Գերմանիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գերմանիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – înterlîngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="înterlîngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jereman" title="Jereman – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jereman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – endonezyayî" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="endonezyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – înterlîngue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="înterlîngue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9man%E1%BB%8B" title="Jémanị – îgboyî" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Jémanị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="îgboyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuitchilan" title="Tuitchilan – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tuitchilan" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – îlokanoyî" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="îlokanoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Немций мохк – îngûşî" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Немций мохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="îngûşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – îdoyî" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="îdoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland – îzlendî" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þýskaland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="îzlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – îtalî" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="îtalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%94%AE%E1%92%AA%E1%93%82" title="ᔮᒪᓂ – înuîtî" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᔮᒪᓂ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="înuîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84" title="ドイツ – japonî" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joermani" title="Joermani – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joermani" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotygu%27e" title="dotygu'e – lojbanî" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – javayî" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გერმანია – gurcî" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gurcî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya" title="Germaniya – kara-kalpakî" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Germaniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalman" title="Lalman – kabîlî" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lalman" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Джэрмэн – kabardî" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Джэрмэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caama" title="Caama – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caama" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%CC%B1ni" title="Jami̱ni – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Jami̱ni" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanyi" title="Alemanyi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Alemanyi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nj%C4%A9r%C4%A9mani" title="Njĩrĩmani – kîkûyûyî" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Njĩrĩmani" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kîkûyûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – qazaxî" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazaxî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អាល្លឺម៉ង់ – ximêrî" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាល្លឺម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ximêrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ – kannadayî" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC" title="독일 – koreyî" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Немечму – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Немечму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – karaçay-balkarî" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaçay-balkarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جَرمَنی – keşmîrî" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جَرمَنی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="keşmîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCtschland" title="Dütschland – rîpwarî" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Dütschland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="rîpwarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – komî" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almayn" title="Almayn – kornî" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Almayn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – kirgizî" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – latînî" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almania" title="Almania – ladînoyî" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Almania" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladînoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4itschland" title="Däitschland – luksembûrgî" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Däitschland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – lezgînî" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutxland" title="Deutxland – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Deutxland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girimane" title="Girimane – lugandayî" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Girimane" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="lugandayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland – lîmbûrgî" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="lîmbûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – lîgûrî" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lîgûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – lombardî" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A9mani" title="Alémani – lingalayî" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Alémani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນ – lawsî" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lawsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="gotarên baş"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokietija" title="Vokietija – lîtwanî" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokietija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lîtwanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuoceja" title="Vuoceja – latgalî" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vuoceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cija" title="Vācija – latvîyayî" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvîyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A8rman" title="Jèrman – madurayî" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Jèrman" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Дойчмастор – mokşayî" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дойчмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokşayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemaina" title="Alemaina – malagasî" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alemaina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Немыч Эл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Немыч Эл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiamana" title="Tiamana – maorî" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tiamana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – mînangkabawî" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="mînangkabawî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Германија – makedonî" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ജർമ്മനി – malayalamî" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജർമ്മനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Герман – moxolî" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Герман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="moxolî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – maratî" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – malezî" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0ermanja" title="Ġermanja – maltayî" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġermanja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanha" title="Almanha – mîrandî" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Almanha" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mîrandî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂျာမနီနိုင်ငံ – burmayî" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမနီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Германия Мастор – erzayî" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Германия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آلمان – mazenderanî" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلمان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenderanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – napolîtanî" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolîtanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtschland" title="Düütschland – nedersaksî" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düütschland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedersaksî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duutslaand" title="Duutslaand – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Duutslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – nepalî" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – newarî" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland – holendî" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland – norwecî (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norwecî (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland – norwecî (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norwecî (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8A%DF%9F%DF%8F%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%98%DF%8E%DF%AF" title="ߊߟߏߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯ – n’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߊߟߏߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemangne" title="Allemangne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Allemangne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremane" title="Jeremane – sotoyîya bakur" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Jeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotoyîya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_Bich%CA%BCahii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bikéyah – navajoyî" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – çîçewayî" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="çîçewayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha – oksîtanî" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksîtanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germuanii" title="Germuanii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germuanii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmanii" title="Jarmanii – oromoyî" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Jarmanii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80" title="ଜର୍ମାନୀ – oriyayî" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜର୍ମାନୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Герман – osetî" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Герман" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਜਰਮਨੀ – puncabî" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="puncabî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – pangasînanî" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasînanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – kapampanganî" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="kapampanganî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – papyamentoyî" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papyamentoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanne" title="Alemanne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alemanne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitschland" title="Deitschland – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Deitschland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland" title="Deutschland – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Deutschland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemcy" title="Niemcy – polonî" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niemcy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagna" title="Almagna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Almagna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جرمنی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمنی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γερμανία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γερμανία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="جرمني – peştûyî" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="peştûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha – portugalî" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimanya" title="Alimanya – keçwayî" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alimanya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçwayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – romancî" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romancî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermaniya" title="Jermaniya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Jermaniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubudagi" title="Ubudagi – rundî" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubudagi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – romanî" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghermanii" title="Ghermanii – aromanî" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ghermanii" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanie" title="Germanie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Germanie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – rûsî" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%97%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нїмецько – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нїмецько" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubudage" title="Ubudage – kînyariwandayî" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubudage" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kînyariwandayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="शर्मण्यदेशः – sanskrîtî" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शर्मण्यदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – yakutî" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="yakutî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ – santalî" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A0nia" title="Germània – sardînî" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Germània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girmania" title="Girmania – sicîlî" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Girmania" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – skotî" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="جرمني – sindhî" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جرمني" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiska" title="Duiska – samîya bakur" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Duiska" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="samîya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalman" title="Lalman – taşelhîtî" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Lalman" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taşelhîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇမၼီႇ – şanî" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇမၼီႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="şanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ජර්මනිය – kîngalî" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජර්මනිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="kîngalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemecko" title="Nemecko – slovakî" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemecko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جرمنی – seraîkî" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جرمنی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="seraîkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C4%8Dija" title="Nemčija – slovenî" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamani" title="Siamani – samoayî" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Siamani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa" title="Saksa – samîya înarî" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saksa" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="samîya înarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerumani" title="Jerumani – şonayî" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Jerumani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="şonayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmalka" title="Jarmalka – somalî" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jarmalka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermania" title="Gjermania – arnawidî" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjermania" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="arnawidî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Њемачка – sirbî" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њемачка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sirbî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doysrikondre" title="Doysrikondre – sirananî" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Doysrikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sirananî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJalimane" title="IJalimane – swazî" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IJalimane" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremane" title="Jeremane – sotoyîya başûr" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Jeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotoyîya başûr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsklound" title="Düütsklound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Düütsklound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rman" title="Jérman – sundanî" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jérman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland – swêdî" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="swêdî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujerumani" title="Ujerumani – swahîlî" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ujerumani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%8E%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%9D%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%98%EA%A0%A4" title="ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠝꠣꠘꠤ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠝꠣꠘꠤ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjymcy" title="Mjymcy – silesî" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjymcy" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="ஜெர்மனி – tamîlî" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜெர்மனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A6%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥦᥱ ᥛᥣᥱ ᥘᥤᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥦᥱ ᥛᥣᥱ ᥘᥤᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80" title="జర్మనీ – telûgûyî" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జర్మనీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telûgûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – tetûmî" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetûmî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Олмон – tacikî" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Олмон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tacikî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศเยอรมนี – tayî" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเยอรมนี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95" title="ጀርመን – tigrînî" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጀርመን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani%C3%BDa" title="Germaniýa – tirkmenî" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Germaniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="tirkmenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanij%C9%99" title="Almanijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Almanijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamane" title="Siamane – tongî" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Siamane" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamani" title="Siamani – tokpisinî" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Siamani" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tokpisinî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya – tirkî" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – tarokoyî" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="tarokoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarimani" title="Jarimani – tsongayî" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Jarimani" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsongayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – teterî" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="teterî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – tumbukayî" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbukayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heremani" title="Heremani – tahîtî" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Heremani" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – tuvanî" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – udmurtî" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="گېرمانىيە – oygurî" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گېرمانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oygurî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Німеччина – ukraynî" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німеччина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraynî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جرمنی – urdûyî" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya" title="Germaniya – ozbekî" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Germaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerm%C3%A0nia" title="Zermània – venîsî" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zermània" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksanma" title="Saksanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Saksanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Đức – vîetnamî" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vîetnamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duutsland" title="Duutsland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Duutsland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deut%C3%A4n" title="Deutän – volapûkî" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Deutän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapûkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagne" title="Almagne – walonî" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Almagne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="walonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – warayî" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaa%C3%B1" title="Almaañ – wolofî" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Almaañ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国 – çînîya wuyî" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="çînîya wuyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Ниицәтә Немшин Орн – kalmîkî" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ниицәтә Немшин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmîkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJamani" title="IJamani – xosayî" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJamani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გერმანია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="דייטשלאנד – yidîşî" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דייטשלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yidîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Jẹ́mánì – yorubayî" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jẹ́mánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yorubayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwzgoz" title="Dwzgoz – zhuangî" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dwzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuangî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duutsland" title="Duutsland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Duutsland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ – amazîxîya fasî" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazîxîya fasî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国 – çînî" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-kok" title="Tek-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國 – kantonî" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJalimani" title="IJalimani – zuluyî" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IJalimani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Girêdanên navzimanî sererast bike" class="wbc-editpage">Girêdanan biguhêre</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Valahiya nav"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=history"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Giştî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Gir%C3%AAdan%C3%AAn_li_ser_vir/Almanya" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên ku pê ve girêdayî ne [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Girêdanên li ser vê rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:RecentChangesLinked/Almanya" rel="nofollow" title="Guhartinên dawî di rûpelên ku ji vê rûpelê ve hatine girêdan de [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Guhartinên têkildar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ku" title="Dosyeyan bar bike [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Wêneyekî bar bike</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&oldid=1917003" title="Lînka daîmî yê ji bo vê revizyona rûpelê"><span>Girêdana daîmî</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=info" title="Bêhtir agahî di derbarê vê rûpelê de"><span>Agahiyên rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CiteThisPage&page=Almanya&id=1917003&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Agahdariya li ser qalkirina rûpelê"><span>Qalkirina rûpelê bibîne</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlmanya"><span>URLya kurt çêke</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlmanya"><span>Koda QRyê daxîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çap bike/derxîne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:DownloadAsPdf&page=Almanya&action=show-download-screen"><span>Wek PDF daxe</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Guhartoya çapkirinê ya vê rûpelê [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Guhartoya çapkirinê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Di projeyên din de </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deutschland" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikiquote.org/wiki/Elmanya" hreflang="ku"><span>Wîkîgotin</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183" title="Girêdana ji hêmana eleqedar yê di embara daneyan de re [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Hêmana Wîkîdaneyê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Xuyakirin</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ji Wîkîpediya, ensîklopediya azad.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ku" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1118761">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:24em; font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr class="adr"> <th colspan="3" class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align:center;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><span class="fn org country-name">Komara Federal a Almanyayê</span><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em;"><span class="fn org country-name"><span lang="de"><i>Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i></span></span></div></th> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><table style="text-align:center;width:100%;background:none;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:58%; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaya Almanya"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/125px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/188px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/250px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:auto;vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mertala Almanya"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Alaya_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Alaya Almanyayê"> Ala</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;">Mertal</td> </tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr><tr> <td class="anthem" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;"><b>Sirûd: </b><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutschlandlied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutschlandlied (rûpel hê tune)">Deutschlandlied</a></i><br />(bi <a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_kurd%C3%AE" title="Zimanê kurdî">kurdî</a>: <span lang="ku"><i>"Strana Almanyayê"</i></span>)<br /><small>(tenê ayeta sêyem)</small><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="75" data-mwtitle="German_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/German_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg/German_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/German_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=da&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="da" label="dansk ‪(da)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGerman_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding:0.6em 0 0.3em;text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:EU-Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/EU-Germany.svg/250px-EU-Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/EU-Germany.svg/375px-EU-Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/EU-Germany.svg/500px-EU-Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:11px;line-height:1.15em;"><span style="font-size:11px;">Cihê <span style="font-size:2px;"> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Almanya</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">keskê tarî</span>)</span><p style="width:250px;font-size:11px;text-align:left;margin-left:1.2ex;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">– li <a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropa</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">kesk & gewrê tarî</span>)<br />– li <a href="/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Yekîtiya Ewropayê">Yekîtiya Ewropayê</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">kesk</span>)  –  [<span style="font-size:10px;"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:EU-Germany.svg" title="Wêne:EU-Germany.svg">Rênîşan</a></span>]</p></div></div> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b>Paytext</b><br />û bajarê mezin</td><td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin">Berlin</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_aaa"><a href="#endnote_aaa">[a]</a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:85%;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=ku&pagename=Almanya&params=52_31_N_13_23_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Nexşe, wêneyên hewayî û daneyên din jî ji bo vê cihê"><span class="latitude">52°31′Bk</span> <span class="longitude">13°23′Rh</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Nexşe, wêneyên hewayî û daneyên din jî ji bo vê cihê">52.517°Bk 13.383°Rh</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.517; 13.383</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap;">Zimanên fermî</th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_alman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê almanî">Almanî</a><sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_a"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya#endnote_a">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%AAn_etn%C3%AEk%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Komên etnîkî">Komên etnîkî</a></b> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1138414">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul style="line-height:1.3em;"><li>80% <a href="/wiki/Alman" title="Alman">alman</a></li><li>3,5% <a href="/wiki/Tirk" title="Tirk">tirk</a></li><li>1,9% <a href="/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd">kurd</a></li><li>1,8% <a href="/wiki/Ereb" title="Ereb">ereb</a></li><li>12,8% yên din</li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Demon%C3%AEm" title="Demonîm">Demonîm</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alman" title="Alman">Alman</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Rêveberî</th> <td><a href="/wiki/Komar" title="Komar">Komara</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal%C3%AEzm" title="Federalîzm">federaliya</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_parlementeriy%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîstema parlementeriyê">parlamenî</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Serok%C3%AAn_Almanyay%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serokên Almanyayê">Serok</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank-Walter_Steinmeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier (rûpel hê tune)">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kansl%C3%AAr%C3%AAn_Almanyay%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanslêrên Almanyayê">Kanslêr</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serok%C3%AAn_Bundestag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serokên Bundestag (rûpel hê tune)">Serokên Bundestag</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A4rbel_Bas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bärbel Bas (rûpel hê tune)">Bärbel Bas</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serok%C3%AAn_Bundesrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serokên Bundesrat (rûpel hê tune)">Serokên Bundesrat</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo_Ramelow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodo Ramelow (rûpel hê tune)">Bodo Ramelow</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadgeha_Dest%C3%BBr%C3%AE_ya_Federal_ya_Almanyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadgeha Destûrî ya Federal ya Almanyayê (rûpel hê tune)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Serokê Federal</span> Dadgeha Destûra Bingehîn</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephan_Harbarth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephan Harbarth (rûpel hê tune)">Stephan Harbarth</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Pêşvebirî</th> <td><div style="clear:both;"></div></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mecl%C3%AEsa_jor%C3%AEn" title="Meclîsa jorîn">Meclîsa jorîn</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundesrat_ya_Almanyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bundesrat ya Almanyayê (rûpel hê tune)">Bundesrat</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mecl%C3%AEsa_j%C3%AAr%C3%AEn" title="Meclîsa jêrîn">Meclîsa jêrîn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyaniya_Almanyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keyaniya Almanyayê (rûpel hê tune)">Damezrandin</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Emperatoriya_Romaya_P%C3%AEroz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Împeratoriya Romaya Pîroz (rûpel hê tune)">Împeratoriya Romaya Pîroz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2%C3%AA_sibat%C3%AA" title="2ê sibatê">2ê sibata</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="962 (rûpel hê tune)">962an</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konfederasyona_Almanyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konfederasyona Almanyayê (rûpel hê tune)">Konfederasyona Almanyayê</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/8%C3%AA_hez%C3%AEran%C3%AA" title="8ê hezîranê">8ê hezîrana</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1815&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1815 (rûpel hê tune)">1815an</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yekb%C3%BBna_Almanyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yekbûna Almanyayê (rûpel hê tune)">Împeratoriya Almanî</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/18%C3%AA_kan%C3%BBna_pa%C5%9F%C3%AEn" title="18ê kanûna paşîn">18ê kanûna paşîn</a> a <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871ê</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Komara_Weimar%C3%AA" title="Komara Weimarê">Komara Weimarê</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/11%C3%AA_tebax%C3%AA" title="11ê tebaxê">11ê tebaxa</a> <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919an</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Almanyaya_Rojava" title="Almanyaya Rojava">Komara Federal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/23%C3%AA_gulan%C3%AA" title="23ê gulanê">23ê gulana</a> <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949an</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civata_Abor%C3%AE_ya_Ewrop%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civata Aborî ya Ewropî (rûpel hê tune)">CAE</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezinkirina_Yek%C3%AEtiya_Ewropay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezinkirina Yekîtiya Ewropayê (rûpel hê tune)">Bingeh</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1%C3%AA_kan%C3%BBna_pa%C5%9F%C3%AEn" title="1ê kanûna paşîn">1ê kanûna paşîn</a> a <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958an</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yekb%C3%BBna_Almanyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yekbûna Almanyayê (rûpel hê tune)">Veyekbûn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3%C3%AA_%C3%A7iriya_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" title="3ê çiriya pêşîn">3ê çiriya pêşîn</a> a <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990an</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Rûerd</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Giştî</td> <td>357,168 km<sup><small>2</small></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AEsteya_dewlet_%C3%BB_gir%C3%AAdayiy%C3%AAn_r%C3%BBerd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lîsteya dewlet û girêdayiyên rûerd (rûpel hê tune)">63.</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Gelhe</th> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">2021 Texmînkirin</td> <td>83.129.285<sup id="cite_ref-Bevölkerungsstand_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bevölkerungsstand-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEsteya_dewletan_a_li_gor%C3%AE_gelhey%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Lîsteya dewletan a li gorî gelheyê">16.</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Tîrbûn</td> <td>232/km<sup><small>2</small></sup>} (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEsteya_dewlet%C3%AAn_serbixwe_%C3%BB_nav%C3%A7ey%C3%AAn_gir%C3%AAday%C3%AE_y%C3%AAn_piraniya_gelhe" title="Lîsteya dewletên serbixwe û navçeyên girêdayî yên piraniya gelhe">58.</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AArb%C3%BBna_berhem%C3%AAn_hundir%C3%AE" title="Têrbûna berhemên hundirî">TBH</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AEteya_h%C3%AAza_kir%C3%AEn%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Parîteya hêza kirînê">PHK</a>)</td> <td>2021 texmînkirin</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Giştî</td> <td>$4,743 trîlyon<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEsteya_welat%C3%AAn_TBH_(PHK)" title="Lîsteya welatên TBH (PHK)">5.</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AArb%C3%BBna_berhem%C3%AAn_hundir%C3%AE" title="Têrbûna berhemên hundirî">TBH</a></b> (nomînal)</td> <td>2021 texmînkirin</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Giştî</td> <td>$4,319 trîlyon (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEsteya_welat%C3%AAn_TBH_(nom%C3%AEnal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lîsteya welatên TBH (nomînal)">4.</a>)</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Qatjimara_Giniy%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatjimara Giniyê">Gini</a></b> (2019)</td><td><span style="color:#F00; font-size:larger;">▲</span> 29,7<sup id="cite_ref-eurogini_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurogini-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/P%C3%AArista_P%C3%AA%C5%9Fve%C3%A7%C3%BBna_Mirov%C3%AE" title="Pêrista Pêşveçûna Mirovî">PPM</a></b> (2019)</td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zêdebûn"><img alt="Zêdebûn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0,947<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AEsteya_welatan_a_li_gor%C3%AE_p%C3%AArista_p%C3%AA%C5%9Fve%C3%A7%C3%BBna_mirov%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lîsteya welatan a li gorî pêrista pêşveçûna mirovî (rûpel hê tune)">6.</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">Dirav</th> <td><a href="/wiki/Euro" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%AE%C5%9Fana_Euro" class="mw-redirect" title="Nîşana Euro">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2">Demjimêr</th> <td>CET <span style="white-space:nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Dema_Gerd%C3%BBn%C3%AE_ya_Bisaz%C3%BBmankir%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Dema Gerdûnî ya Bisazûmankirî">UTC</a>+1)</span></td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Havîn (<a href="/wiki/Demjim%C3%AAra_hav%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Demjimêra havînê">DH</a>)</td> <td>CEST (<a href="/wiki/Dema_Gerd%C3%BBn%C3%AE_ya_Bisaz%C3%BBmankir%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Dema Gerdûnî ya Bisazûmankirî">UTC</a>+2)</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hat%C3%BB%C3%A7%C3%BBna_rast%C3%AA_%C3%BB_%C3%A7ep%C3%AA" title="Hatûçûna rastê û çepê">Hatûçûna ajotinê</a></th> <td>rast</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Koda telefonê</th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejmar%C3%AAn_telefona_li_Almanyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hejmarên telefona li Almanyayê (rûpel hê tune)">+49</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:DE" title="ISO 3166-2:DE">DE</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Koda_welat_di_desthilata_asta-jor%C3%AEn" class="mw-redirect" title="Koda welat di desthilata asta-jorîn">Înternet TLD</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/.de" title=".de">.de</a> û <a href="/w/index.php?title=.eu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".eu (rûpel hê tune)">.eu</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Almanya</b> yan jî <b>Komara Federal a Almanyayê</b><sup id="cite_ref-a_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (bi almanî: <i>Deutschland</i>, bi fermî: <i>Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i>), welatek li herêma rojavayê <a href="/wiki/Ewropaya_Navend%C3%AE" title="Ewropaya Navendî">Ewropaya Navendî</a> ye ku piştî <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya">Rûsyayê</a> welatê herî qerebalix ê <a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropayê</a> ye û welatê herî qerebalix ê <a href="/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Yekîtiya Ewropayê">Yekîtiya Ewropayê</a> ye. Almanya li bakur di navbera <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Balt%C3%AEk" title="Deryaya Baltîk">Deryaya Baltîk</a> û <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Bakur" title="Deryaya Bakur">Deryaya Bakur</a> de û li başûr di navbera <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Balt%C3%AEk" title="Deryaya Baltîk">Deryaya Baltîk</a> û <a href="/wiki/Alp" title="Alp">Çiyayên Alpan</a> de ye. Li bakur bi <a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%AEmarka" title="Danîmarka">Danîmarka</a>, li rojhilat <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a> û <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a>, li başûr <a href="/wiki/Awistirya" title="Awistirya">Awistirya</a> û <a href="/wiki/Sw%C3%AEsre" title="Swîsre">Swîsre</a> û li rojava jî bi <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBksemb%C3%BBrg" title="Lûksembûrg">Luksembûrg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7%C3%AEka" title="Belçîka">Belçîka</a> û bi <a href="/wiki/Holenda" title="Holenda">Holenda</a> yê re sinorê xwe parve dike. Paytexta welat û bajarê herî qerebalix bajarê <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%AEn" title="Berlîn">Berlîn</a> e, navenda aborî ya sereke Almanyayê bajarê <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> e û mezintirîn qada bajarî, bajarê <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> e. </p><p>Eşîrên cûrbecûr yên almanî ji kevnariya klasîk ve li beşên bakurê Almanyaya nûjen jiyan kirine. Herêmek bi navê Germania beriya 100 salê <abbr title="piştî zayînê">p.z.</abbr> hatiye belgekirin. Di sala 962an de, Padîşahiya Almanyayê piraniya <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Romay%C3%AA_ya_P%C3%AEroz" title="Împeratoriya Romayê ya Pîroz">Împeratoriya Romayê ya Pîroz</a> ava kiriye. Di sedsala 16an de herêmên bakurê Almanyayê bûne navenda Reformasyona Protestanan. Piştî Şerên Napoleon û hilweşîna <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Romay%C3%AA_ya_P%C3%AEroz" title="Împeratoriya Romayê ya Pîroz">Împeratoriya Romayê ya Pîroz</a> di 1806an de, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konfederasyona_Alman%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konfederasyona Almanî (rûpel hê tune)">Konfederasyona Almanî</a> di sala 1815an de hatiye damezrandin. </p><p>Yekbûna fermî ya Almanya di nav netewedewleta nûjen de di 18ê tebaxa sala 1866an de bi Peymana Konfederasyona Almanyaya Bakur re ku Konfederasyona Almanyaya Bakur bi pêşengiya Prûsya ava kiribû, piştre jî di sala 1871an de vediguhêze <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Alman%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Almanî">Împeratoriya Almanî</a>. Piştî Şerê Cîhanê yê Yekem û Şoreşa Alman a 1918-1919, împeratorî di encamê de veduguhere Komara Weimar a nîv-serokatî. <a href="/wiki/Nasyonalsosyal%C3%AEzm" title="Nasyonalsosyalîzm">Desthilatdariya Naziyan</a> di sala 1933an de dibe sedema damezrandina dîktatoriyek totalîter û dibe sedema <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AE_y%C3%AA_Duyem" title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Duyem">Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem</a> û Şerê Holokostê. Piştî bidawîhatina <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AA_y%C3%AA_Duyem" class="mw-redirect" title="Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem">Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem</a> ê li <a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropayê</a> û serdemek dagirkirina hevalbendan a di sala 1949an de, Almanya bi tevahî di du siyasetên cihêreng de bi serweriya sinorkirî hate organîze kirin ku bi serweriyên Komara Federal a Almanyayê ku bi gelemperî wekî Almanyaya Rojava tê zanîn û <a href="/wiki/Komara_Demokrat%C3%AEk_a_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê">Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê</a> ku wekî Almanyaya Rojhilat tê zanîn, hatiye birêvebirin. Dema ku Komara Demokratîk a Almanya dewletek Bloka Rojhilat a komunîst û endamê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakta_War%C5%9Fovay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakta Warşovayê (rûpel hê tune)">Pakta Warşovayê</a> bû, Komara Federal a Almanya endamê damezrîner ê Civata Aborî ya Ewropî û <a href="/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Yekîtiya Ewropayê">Yekîtiya Ewropayê</a> bû. Piştî hilweşîna desthilatdariya komunîst a li Almanyaya Rojhilat, Yekbûna Almanyayê ku eyaletên berê yên Almanyaya Rojhilat e di 3ê cotmeha sala 1990an de beşdarî Komara Federal a Almanyayê dibe û komara parlemanî ya federal tê damezrandin. </p><p>Almanya weke hêzeke mezin û xwedî aboriyeke bihêz hatiye binavkirin ku li <a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropayê</a> xwedan aboriya herî mezin e ku ji hêla Dahata Berhemên Kesane ya Neteweyî ve çarem aboriya herî mezin a cîhanê û ji hêla PPP (Îndeksa hêza kirînê) ve aboriya pêncem a herî mezin e. Wekî hêzek cîhanî di sektorên pîşesaziyê, zanistî û teknolojiyê de, sektorên zanistî û teknolojîk de, hem dervefiroşkar (îxrackar) û hem jî derhanîn a herî mezin ê cîhanê ye. Almanya endamê <a href="/wiki/Netewey%C3%AAn_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE" title="Neteweyên Yekbûyî">Neteweyên Yekbûyî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Yekîtiya Ewropayê">Yekîtiya Ewropayê</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konseya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Konseya Ewropayê">Konseya Ewropayê</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=G7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G7 (rûpel hê tune)">G7</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G20 (rûpel hê tune)">G20</a> û OECDê ye. Almanya xwediyê sêyem-zêdetirî hejmarên Mîrateyên Cîhanî yên <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCOyê</a> ye. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dîrok"><span id="D.C3.AErok"></span>Dîrok</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Beşê biguhêre: Dîrok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Dîrok"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tê pêşbînîkirin ku mirovên kevnar herî kêm 6 hezar sal berê li Almanyayê hebûn. Yekem fosîlên mirovî ya ne-modern (Neandertal) li Geliyê Neander hatiye dîtin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li Jura Swabian de delîlên kevnar ên bi vî rengî yên mirovên nûjen hatine dîtin ku di nav de bilûrên 42 hezar salî ye û amûrên muzîkê yên herî kevn in ku heta niha hatine dîtin.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di lêkolînên arkeolojîk de Miroveşêr a ku ji 40 hezar sal berê ye û Venûsa 35 hezar salî ya Hohle Fels, hatine dîtin.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eşîrên_german_û_împeratoriya_frenkan"><span id="E.C5.9F.C3.AEr.C3.AAn_german_.C3.BB_.C3.AEmperatoriya_frenkan"></span>Eşîrên german û împeratoriya frenkan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Beşê biguhêre: Eşîrên german û împeratoriya frenkan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Eşîrên german û împeratoriya frenkan"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Germanic_tribes_settlements_750BC-1AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Germanic_tribes_settlements_750BC-1AD.svg/220px-Germanic_tribes_settlements_750BC-1AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Germanic_tribes_settlements_750BC-1AD.svg/330px-Germanic_tribes_settlements_750BC-1AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Germanic_tribes_settlements_750BC-1AD.svg/440px-Germanic_tribes_settlements_750BC-1AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Berfirehbûna eşîrên german di navbera sala 750 <abbr title="berî zayînê">b.z.</abbr> û di 100 salê <abbr title="piştî zayînê">p.z.</abbr>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tê fikirîn ku dîroka <a href="/wiki/German" title="German">gelên germanî</a> ji serdema bronzî ya Nordîk, Serdema hesinî a Zû, yan jî Çanda Jastorfê vedigerin.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ji başûrê <a href="/wiki/Skand%C3%AEnavya" title="Skandînavya">Skandînavya</a> û bakurê Almanyayê, li başûr, rojhilat û rojava berfireh bûne ku bi eşîrên <a href="/wiki/Kelt" title="Kelt">keltî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gel%C3%AAn_%C3%AEran%C3%AE" title="Gelên îranî">îranî</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balt%C3%AEk%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltîkî (rûpel hê tune)">baltîkî</a> û <a href="/wiki/Slav%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavî">slavî</a> re têkiliya wan pêş ketiye.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di bin desthilatdariya <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> de, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Rom%C3%AA" title="Împeratoriya Romê">Împeratoriya Romê</a> dest bi dagirkirina erdên ku eşîrên german tê de dijîn, dike û di navbera <a href="/wiki/Reyn" title="Reyn">Çemê Reynê</a> û <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87em%C3%AA_Elbe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çemê Elbe (rûpel hê tune)">Çemê Elbe</a> de parêzgehek romanî ya demkurt a cermani ava dike. Di sala 9emê <abbr title="piştî zayînê">p.z.</abbr> de, sê lejyonên romayî ji hêla Arminius ve di <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_Daristana_Teutoburg%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şerê Daristana Teutoburgê (rûpel hê tune)">Şerê Daristana Teutoburgê</a> de têk diçin. Encama vî şerî romayiyan ji xeyalên wan ên dagirkirina Almanyayê dûr dixe û bi vî awayî ev şer bûye yek bûyerên herî girîng di dîroka ewropî de.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di sala 100ê <abbr title="piştî zayînê">p.z.</abbr> de, <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> nivîsî ye ku eşîrên germanî li ser çemên <a href="/wiki/Reyn" title="Reyn">Reynê</a> û Danubê (Limes Germanicus) bi cih dibin û piraniya Almanyaya îro bidest dixin. Lêbelê Baden-Württemberg, başûrê Bavyera, başûrê Hessen û rojavayê Rheinland di wî demê di nav parêzgehên Romayê de hatibûn girêdan.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nêzîkî 260, gelên almanî dikevin nav axa ku di bin kontrola Romayê de ye. Piştî dagirkirina Hûnan ê di 375an de û bi paşketina Romayê ji 395an ve, eşîrên germanî ber bi başûrê rojavayê ve diçin ku frankan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyaniya_Frankiyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keyaniya Frankiyan (rûpel hê tune)">Padîşahiya Frenkiyan</a> ava kirin û ber bi rojhilat ve birin ku Saksonya û Bavyera bindest bixin. Deverên ku îro li rojhilatê Almanyayê ye, di wî demê de eşîrên slavî yên rojavayî tê de jiyan dikirin.<sup id="cite_ref-Fulbrook2002_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fulbrook2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankaya_Rojhilat_û_Împeratoriya_Romaya_Pîroz"><span id="Frankaya_Rojhilat_.C3.BB_.C3.8Emperatoriya_Romaya_P.C3.AEroz"></span>Frankaya Rojhilat û Împeratoriya Romaya Pîroz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Beşê biguhêre: Frankaya Rojhilat û Împeratoriya Romaya Pîroz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Frankaya Rojhilat û Împeratoriya Romaya Pîroz"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Martin_Luther,_1528_(Veste_Coburg).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Martin_Luther%2C_1528_%28Veste_Coburg%29.jpg/220px-Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Martin_Luther%2C_1528_%28Veste_Coburg%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Martin_Luther%2C_1528_%28Veste_Coburg%29.jpg/330px-Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Martin_Luther%2C_1528_%28Veste_Coburg%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Martin_Luther%2C_1528_%28Veste_Coburg%29.jpg/440px-Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Martin_Luther%2C_1528_%28Veste_Coburg%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2148" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption>Martin Luther (1483-1546) ku Reformasyona Protestan daye destpêkirin.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:East_Francia_843.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/East_Francia_843.svg/220px-East_Francia_843.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/East_Francia_843.svg/330px-East_Francia_843.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/East_Francia_843.svg/440px-East_Francia_843.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Frenkaya Rojhilat.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Karl%C3%AA_Mezin" title="Karlê Mezin">Karlê Mezin</a> di sala 800an de <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Emperatoriya_Karolenj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Împeratoriya Karolenj (rûpel hê tune)">Împeratoriya Karolenj</a> ava dike û heman împeratorî di sala 843an de hatiye dabeşkirin. Keyaniya paşverû ya rojhilatê Frenkaya Rojhilat ji Çemê Reynê li rojava heya Çemê Elbê li rojhilat û ji <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Bakur" title="Deryaya Bakur">Deryaya Bakur</a> heya <a href="/wiki/Alp" title="Alp">Çiyayên Alpan</a> dirêj bûye.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piştre <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Romay%C3%AA_ya_P%C3%AEroz" title="Împeratoriya Romayê ya Pîroz">Împeratoriya Romayê ya Pîroz</a> ji vê împeratoriyê derdikeve holê. Piştî demekî kurt ê ku dibe qiralê Romaya Pîroz, di sala 996an de, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregor_V" title="Papa Gregor V">Gregor V</a> dibe yekem papayê alman ku ji hêla pismamê xwe Otto III ve hatiye erkdar kirin. Her çend împêratoran bi nakokiya veberhênanê hêz winda kiribe jî <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Romay%C3%AA_ya_P%C3%AEroz" title="Împeratoriya Romayê ya Pîroz">Împeratoriya Romaya Pîroz</a> bakurê Îtalya û Burgundî di bin desthilatdariya împeratorên Salian de (1024–1125) vegirtiye. </p><p>Di bin serweriya împeratorên Hohenstaufen de (1138–1254), mîrên alman bêtirsî dan rûniştina almanan ku li başûr û rojhilat (Ostsiedlung) bi cih bibin.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endamên Yekitîya Hanseatîk, bi piranî bajarên bakurê Almanyayê bûn ku di berfirehkirina bazirganiyê de pêşketî bûn.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di sala 1315an de bi Xelayiya Mezin re dest pê kir nifûs kêm bû û piştre Mirina Reş a 1348-1350 destpêdike.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qanûna <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Emperatoriya_Ga_y%C3%AA_Z%C3%AAr%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Împeratoriya Ga yê Zêrîn (rûpel hê tune)">Împeratoriya Ga yê Zêrîn</a> a ku di sala 1356an de hatiye derxistin, awayê destûrî yên împeratoriyê peyda kir û hilbijartina împerator ji aliyê heft prens-hilbijêran ve hatiye qanûnî kirin.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> awayê çapkirina gerguhêz da <a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropayê</a> ku bingehê demokratîkbûna zanistê daye Ewropayê.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di sala 1517an de, Martin Luther <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformasyona_Protestan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformasyona Protestan (rûpel hê tune)">Reformasyona Protestan</a> teşwîq kir û wergera wî ya <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C3%AEl" title="Încîl">Încîlê</a> dest bi standardkirina zimanê dike ku Aştiya Augsburg a sala 1555an baweriya "Evangelîstî" (<a href="/wiki/Luter%C3%AEt%C3%AE" title="Luterîtî">Luterîtî</a>) bi xweşdîtinî hate pêşwazîkirin lê di heman demê de biryar da ku baweriya mîr ew bû ku baweriya bindestên wî be (cuius regio, eius religio). Ji Şerê Kölnê heta <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_S%C3%AEh_Salan" title="Şerê Sîh Salan">Şerê Sîh Salan</a> (1618–1648), pevçûnên dînê erdên alman wêran kirin û bi awayekî girîng nifûsa herêmê kêm kir.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aştiya Westphalia şerê dînî yê di nav komên biçûkên împeratoriyê de bi dawî kir ku mîrên wan ên ku bi piranî almanîaxêv bûn dikarîn ku Katolîk, Luterîtî yan <a href="/wiki/Kalv%C3%AEn%C3%AEzm" title="Kalvînîzm">Kalvînîzm</a> wekî dînê xwe yê fermî hilbijêrin.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pergala dadrêsî ya ku ji hêla rêzek Reformên Împeratoriya ve hatiye destpêkirin (nêzîkî 1495-1555) ji bo xweseriya herêmî ya berbiçav û ji bo Dîeta Împeratoriyê (desteya lihevhatinê ya Împeratoriya Romayê) ya bihêztir peyda kir.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xanedana Habsburgê ji sala 1438an heta mirina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl VI (rûpel hê tune)">Karl VI</a> di sala 1740an de taca împeratoriyê werdigirin. Piştî Şerê Serkeftina Awistiryayê û Peymana Aix-la-Chapelle, keça <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl VI (rûpel hê tune)">Karl VI</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Theresa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Theresa (rûpel hê tune)">Maria Theresa</a> dema ku mêrê wê, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_I_(_%C3%8Emperatoriya_Rom%C3%AA_p%C3%AEroz_)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz I ( Împeratoriya Romê pîroz ) (rûpel hê tune)">Franz I</a>, bûye împerator, wekî hevjîna împeratorê hikûm dike.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ji sala 1740an ve dualîzma di navbera padîşahiya Habsburgê ya Awistiryayê û <a href="/wiki/Keyaniya_Pr%C3%BBsyay%C3%AA" title="Keyaniya Prûsyayê">Keyaniya Prûsyayê</a> de di dîroka almanan de serdest dibe. Di sala 1772, 1793 û 1795an de <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BBsya" title="Prûsya">Prûsya</a> û <a href="/wiki/Awistirya" title="Awistirya">Awistirya</a> tevî <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_R%C3%BBs%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Rûsî">Împeratoriya Rûsî</a>, li ser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%A7ekirina_Polonyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parçekirina Polonyayê (rûpel hê tune)">Parçekirina Polonyayê</a> li hev kirin.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di dema Şerên Şoreşger ên Fransî de, serdema Napolyon û paşê civîna dawî ya Dieta Împeratoriyê, piraniya Bajarên azad ên împeratoriyê bi herêmên xanedaniyê ve hatin girêdan ku herêmên dêran hatin sekulerîzekirin û pêvekirin. Di sala 1806an de împeratorî hate hilweşandin ku <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya">Rûsya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BBsya" title="Prûsya">Prûsya</a> û Habsbûrgan (Awistirya) di dema Şerên Napolyon de ji bo hegemonyaya li dewletên almanî hevrikî kirine.<sup id="cite_ref-Fulbrook2002_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fulbrook2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konfederasyon_û_Împeratoriya_Almanî"><span id="Konfederasyon_.C3.BB_.C3.8Emperatoriya_Alman.C3.AE"></span>Konfederasyon û Împeratoriya Almanî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Beşê biguhêre: Konfederasyon û Împeratoriya Almanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Konfederasyon û Împeratoriya Almanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:German_Confederation_(1815).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/German_Confederation_%281815%29.svg/220px-German_Confederation_%281815%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/German_Confederation_%281815%29.svg/330px-German_Confederation_%281815%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/German_Confederation_%281815%29.svg/440px-German_Confederation_%281815%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Konferansa Alman 1815.</figcaption></figure> <p>Piştî hilweşîna Napoleon, Kongreya Viyanayê Konfederasyona Alman ava dike ku ji yekîtiyek ji 39 dewletên serwer pêk tê. Erkdar kirina împeratorê Awistiryayê wekî serokê daîmî ya Kongreyê ya red kirina zêdebûna bandora Prûsyayê nîşan dide. Nakokiyên di nav siyaseta restorasyonê de hinek dibe sedema bilindbûna tevgerên lîberal, piştre jî tedbîrên nû yên zextê ji hêla rayedarê Awistirya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klemens_von_Metternich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klemens von Metternich (rûpel hê tune)">Klemens von Metternich</a> ve li dijî tevgeran pêk hatiye. Zollverein, sendîkaya terîfê, yekitiya aborî pêş xist.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di ronahiya tevgerên şoreşgerî yên li Ewropayê de, rewşenbîr û mirovên hevpar şoreşên sala 1848an li dewletên Alman dest pê kirin û pirsgirêka almanan anîne rojevê. Qralê Prûsyayê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Wilhelm_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Wilhelm IV (rûpel hê tune)">Friedrich Wilhelm IV</a>, sernavê împeratoriyê hate pêşkêş kirin lê bi windakirina hêzê re wî tac û makezagona pêşniyarkirî red kir ku ji bo tevgerê paşveçûnek demkî bû.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Key <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm I (rûpel hê tune)">William I</a> di sala 1862an de <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> wek serokwezîrê Prusya erkdar dike. Bismarck di sala 1864an de şerê bi <a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%AEmarka" title="Danîmarka">Danîmarkayê</a> re bi serketî diqedîne ku serketina paşîn a biryardar a <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BBsya" title="Prûsya">Prûsya</a> di Şerê Awistro-Pûsya ya sala 1866an de jê re hişt ku Konfederasyona Almanyaya Bakur ku Awistiryayê jê derdixe, ava bike. Piştî têkçûna Fransa di Şerê Franko-Prusyan de, mîrên slman di sala 1871an de damezrandina Împeratoriya Almanî radigihînin. <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BBsya" title="Prûsya">Prûsya</a> dewleta damezrîner a serdest a împeratoriya nû bû ku qralê Prûsyayê wekî împerator hikûm dike û bajarê <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%AEn" title="Berlîn">Berlîn</a> dibe bajarê paytext a wî.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di serdema Gründerzeit a piştî yekbûna Almanyayê de, siyaseta derve ya Bismarck wekî serokwezîrê Almanyayê bi çêkirina hevalbendan û dûrxistina şer, pozîsyona Almanyayê wekî neteweyek mezin ewle kir.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lêbelê di bin desthilatdariya Wilhelm II de, Almanya polîtîkayên emperyalîst dişopîne ku bi welatên cîran re dibe sedema pevçûnê.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bi qada pirneteweyî ya Awistirya-Mecaristanê re hevalbendiyek dualî hate çêkirin ku Hevbendiya Sêsalê ya sala 1882an Îtalya jî di nav de bû. <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%AEtanya" class="mw-disambig" title="Brîtanya">Brîtanya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a> û <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya">Rûsyayê</a> jî ji bo parastina li dijî destwerdana Habsburgê ya ji bo berjewendiyên Rûsyayê yên li Balkanan an jî destwerdana Almanyayê ya li dijî Fransayê, bi hev re îtîfaq kirin.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferansa_Berl%C3%AEn%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferansa Berlînê (rûpel hê tune)">Konferansa Berlînê</a> ya di sala 1884an de, Almanya gelek kolonî ku di nav wan de Afrîkaya Rojhilat a Alman, Afrîkaya Başûr-Rojava ya Alman, Togoland û <a href="/wiki/Kamer%C3%BBn" title="Kamerûn">Kamerûn</a> jî di nav de bûn, li ser heq îdîa kir. Piştre Almanya împeratoriya xwe ya kolonyal bi destxistina hinek deverên li Pasîfîk û li Çînê berfirehtir kir ku hebûna xwe yê li Pasîfîk û li Çînê biparêze.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hikûmeta kolonyalîst a li Afrîkaya Başûr-Rojavayê (Namîbya ya îro), ji sala 1904an heta 1907an, tine kirina gelên Herero û Namaqua yên herêmî wekî cezakirina serhildanek pêk anî ku ev qirkirina yekemîn a sedsala 20an bû.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di 28ê hezîrana sala 1914an de kuştina arşdûkê <a href="/wiki/Awistirya" title="Awistirya">Awistiryayê</a> dibe hincet ku <a href="/wiki/Awistirya" title="Awistirya">Awistirya</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mecaristan" title="Mecaristan">Mecaristan</a> êrîşî <a href="/wiki/Serbistan" title="Serbistan">Serbistanê</a> bike û <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AE_y%C3%AA_Yekem" title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Yekem">Şerê Cîhanê yê Yekem</a> bidin destpêkirin. Piştî çar salên şer ku tê de nêzîkî du milyon leşkerên alman têne kuştin, bi agirbestek giştî şer bi dawî dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Şoreşa Alman de (Mijdar 1918), Împerator <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">Wilhelm II</a> û mîrên desthilatdar ji desthilatdariya xwe dûr ketin û Almanya wekê komarek federal hate ragihandin. Serkirdayetiya nû ya Almanyayê di sala 1919an de <a href="/wiki/Peymana_Versay%C3%AA" title="Peymana Versayê">Peymana Versayê</a> îmze kir û têkçûna hevalbendan qebûl kir. Ev peyman ji aliyê dîroknasên almanan wekî heqaret dîtin ku ev bûyer dibe sedema bilind bûna <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. Almanya nêzîkî ji %13e ji axa xwe ya ewropî winda kir û hemî milkên xwe yên kolonyal ên li Afrîka û Pasîfîkê radest dike.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Komara_Weimarê_û_Almanyaya_Nazî"><span id="Komara_Weimar.C3.AA_.C3.BB_Almanyaya_Naz.C3.AE"></span>Komara Weimarê û Almanyaya Nazî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Beşê biguhêre: Komara Weimarê û Almanyaya Nazî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Komara Weimarê û Almanyaya Nazî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg/220px-Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg/330px-Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Adolf Hitler, dîktatorê Almanyaya Nazî, ji sala 1933an heta sala 1945an.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Europe_under_Nazi_domination.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Europe_under_Nazi_domination.png/220px-Europe_under_Nazi_domination.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Europe_under_Nazi_domination.png/330px-Europe_under_Nazi_domination.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Europe_under_Nazi_domination.png/440px-Europe_under_Nazi_domination.png 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>Bi deverên ku ji aliyê Reich Alman ve têne kontrol kirin û bi rengê reş hatine diyarkirin, nexşeya Ewropayê ku di sala 1942an de di dema Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem de ji hêla Almanyayê ve hatiye dagir kirin.</figcaption></figure> <p>Di 11e tebaxa sala 1919an de, Serok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Ebert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Ebert (rûpel hê tune)">Friedrich Ebert</a> Destûra Bingehîn a Demokratîk a Weimar îmze dike.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di şerê paşîn de ji bo desthilatdariyê, komunîstan li Bavyerayê desthilatdarî girtin, lê hêmanên mihafezekar li deverên din hewl dan ku Komarê bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derbeya_Kapp%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derbeya Kappê (rûpel hê tune)">Derbeya Kappê</a> hilweşînin. Şerê kolanan li navendên pîşesazî yên mezin, dagirkirina Ruhr ji hêla leşkerên <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7%C3%AEka" title="Belçîka">Belçîka</a> û <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Frensayê</a> ve û heyamek hîperenflasyonê li pey xwe dihêle. Di sala 1924an de plansaziyek ji nû veavakirina deyn û afirandina diravek nû dest pê kir ku serdema <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%AEst%C3%AAn_Z%C3%AAr%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bîstên Zêrîn (rûpel hê tune)">Bîstên Zêrîn</a> ku serdemek nûjeniya hunerî û jiyana çandî ya lîberal e daye destpêkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Depresyona mezin a cîhanê ku krîzek aborî ya mezin li cîhanê bû, di sala 1929an de li Almanyayê bi bandor dibe. Hikûmeta serokwezîr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Br%C3%BCning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Brüning (rûpel hê tune)">Heinrich Brüning</a> polîtîkayek hişkbûna darayî û deflasyonê şopand ku di sala 1932an de dibe sedema bêkariyê ku ji sedî 30 gelên alman dimînin bê kar.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partiya Nazî ya bi serokatiya Adolf Hitler dibe partiya herî mezin a Reichstagê piştî hilbijartinek taybetî ya di sala 1932an de û Hindenburg di 30 çile ya sala 1933an de Hitler wekî serokwezîrê Almanyayê erkdar kirin.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piştî Şewata Reichstagê, bi biryarnameyek mafên bingehîn ên sivîl betal kir û yekem kampa komkirinê ya Naziyan vebû.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di 23ê adara 1933an de, Qanûna Desthilatdar hêzek qanûnî ya bêsînor dide Hitler ku qanûn derbas kir ku destpêka Almanyaya Nazî dide nîşan.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rêveberiya Hitler dewletek totalîter a navendî ava kir, ji Cemiyeta Miletan vekişiya û ji nû ve çekdarkirina welêt bi awayekî berbiçav zêde kir.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bernameyek ku ji hêla hikûmetê ve hate piştgirî kirin ji bo nûvekirina aborî balê dikişîne ser karên gelemperî ku karê wî yê herî navdar Otoban bû.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di sala 1935an de rejîm ji <a href="/wiki/Peymana_Versay%C3%AA" title="Peymana Versayê">Peymana Versayê</a> vekişiya û qanûnên <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Nürnberg">Nürnbergê</a> yên ku cihû û hindikahiyên din armanc digirt, derxist.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hikûmeta Adolf Hitler di sala 1935an de Saarlandê ji nû ve bi dest xist, di sala 1936an de Rheinland ji nû ve tê mîlîtarîze kirin, di sala 1938an de Awistirya bi Almanyayê ve girêda, di sala 1938an de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudetenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudetenland (rûpel hê tune)">Sudetenland</a> bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peymana_M%C3%BBn%C3%AEh%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peymana Mûnîhê (rûpel hê tune)">Peymana Mûnîhê</a> ve girêda û bi binpêkirina peymanê di adara sala 1939an de Çekoslovakya dagir dike.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a> (şeva camên şikestî), şewitandina kinîştan, hilweşandina karsaziyên cihûyan û girtina girseyî ya cihûyan pêk tê.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di tebaxa sala 1939an de hikûmeta Hitler li ser Peymana Molotov-Ribbentrop ku <a href="/wiki/Ewropaya_Rojhilat" title="Ewropaya Rojhilat">Ewropaya Rojhilat</a> di nav deverên bi bandor ên Alman û Sovyetê de dabeş dike, gotubêj kir.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di 1ê îlona sala 1939an de Almanyayê Polonya dagir kir, Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem li Ewropayê hate destpêkirin ku Brîtanya û Fransayê di 3ê îlonê de li dijî Almanyayê şer ragihandin.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di bihara sala 1940an de, Almanya Danîmarka û Norwêc, Holenda, Belçîka, Lûksembûrg û Fransayê zeft kir ku hikûmeta Fransayê neçar dimîne li hemberî şer agirbestek îmze bike. Înglîzan di heman salê de di Şerê Brîtanyayê de êrîşên hewayî yên almanan şikand. Di sala 1941an de leşkerên alman êrîşî Yûgoslavya, Yewnanistan û Yekîtiya Sovyetê kirin. Di sala 1942an de Almanya û hevalbendên wî piraniya parzemîna Ewropa û Afrîkaya Bakur kontrol kirin lê piştî biserketina Sovyetan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_Stal%C3%AEngrad%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şerê Stalîngradê (rûpel hê tune)">Şerê Stalîngradê</a> de, vegerandina hevalbendan ya Afrîkaya Bakur û di dema dagirkirina Îtalyayê di sala 1943an de, hêzên alman rastî şikestinên leşkerî yên dubare hatin. Di sala 1944an de Sovyetan ber bi Ewropaya Rojhilat ve hatin bi alikariya Fransayê hatin Fransayê û li hemberî kontra-êrîşên dawî ya Almanyayê, ketin erdên Almanyayê. Piştî xwekuştina Hîtler di dema Şerê Berlînê de, Almanya di 8ê gulana sala 1945an de belgeya teslîmbûnê îmze dike ku <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AE_y%C3%AA_Duyem" title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Duyem">Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem</a> li <a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropayê</a> û <a href="/wiki/Almanyaya_Naz%C3%AE" title="Almanyaya Nazî">Almanyaya Nazî</a> bi dawî dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-FULBROOK1991_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FULBROOK1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piştî bidawîbûna şer, karbidestên nazî yên sax ji ber sûcên şer li <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadgeha_N%C3%BCrnberg%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadgeha Nürnbergê (rûpel hê tune)">dadgeha Nürnbergê</a> têne darizandin.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Piştre ku paşê bi navê Holokostê dihate zanîn, hikûmeta alman zordestî li hindikahiyan dike ku wan li kampên komkirin û mirinê kom dike û li seranserê Ewropayê wan diavêje girtîgehan. Bi tevahî 17 milyon mirov bi awayekî sîstematîk hatin qetilkirin ku di nav wan de 6 milyon cihû, herî kêm 130.000 kes roman, 275.000 kesên astengdar, bi hezaran <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eahid%C3%AAn_Yehowa" title="Şahidên Yehowa">Şahidên Yehowa</a> û bi sed hezaran dijberên siyasî û dînî hebûn.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polîtîkayên naziyan li welatên di bin dagirkeriya Almanyayê de dibe sedema mirina 2.7 milyon polonî, 1.3 milyon ûkraynî, 1 milyon belarûsî û 3.5 milyon girtiyên şer ên Sovyetê.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kuştiyên leşkerî yên alman bi qasî 5.3 milyon hatiye texmîn kirin û derdora 900.000 sivîlên alman dimirin.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nêzîkî 12 milyon almanên etnîkî ji seranserê Ewropaya Rojhilat hatin derxistin û Almanya hema hema nêzîkî çaryeka axa xwe ya berî şer winda kir.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Almanyaya_rojhilat_û_rojava"><span id="Almanyaya_rojhilat_.C3.BB_rojava"></span>Almanyaya rojhilat û rojava</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Beşê biguhêre: Almanyaya rojhilat û rojava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Almanyaya rojhilat û rojava"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Map-Germany-1945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map-Germany-1945.svg/220px-Map-Germany-1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map-Germany-1945.svg/330px-Map-Germany-1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map-Germany-1945.svg/440px-Map-Germany-1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3492" data-file-height="2966" /></a><figcaption>Nexşeya Almanya di sala 1947an de, piştî dawiya Şerê Cîhanê yê Duyem ku di nav de herêmên dagiriyên amerîkî, Sovyet, Brîtanya û Fransî û Saarlanda ku di bin kontrola Fransayê de ye. Herêmên rojhilatê xeta Oder-Neisse di bin şert û mercên Konferansa Potsdamê de ku derbasî Polonya û Yekîtiya Sovyetê bûye.</figcaption></figure> <p>Piştî ku Almanyaya Nazî radest dibe, hevalbendan Berlîn û axa mayî ya Almanyayê li gorî çar herêmên dagirkirî parve dikin. Sektorên rojavayiyên ku di bin kontrola <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keyaniya_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE" title="Keyaniya Yekbûyî">Keyaniya Yekbûyî</a> û <a href="/wiki/Dewlet%C3%AAn_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE_y%C3%AAn_Amer%C3%AEkay%C3%AA" title="Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê">Dewletên Yekbûyî</a> de bûn di 23 gulan sala 1949an de hatin yek kirin û <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komara_Federal_a_Almanyay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komara Federal a Almanyayê (rûpel hê tune)">Komara Federal a Almanyayê</a> hate avakirin (bi almanî: <i>Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i>); di 7ê cotmeha sala 1949an de, Herêma ku di bin desthilatdariya sovyetê de bû dibe <a href="/wiki/Komara_Demokrat%C3%AEk_a_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê">Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê</a> (bi almanî: <i>Deutsche Demokratische Republik</i>; DDR). Ev deshilatdarî bi nefermî wekî Almanyaya Rojava û Almanyaya Rojhilat dihatin naskirin.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almanyaya Rojhilat Berlîna Rojhilat wek paytexta xwe hilbijart, <a href="/wiki/Almanyaya_Rojava" title="Almanyaya Rojava">Almanyaya Rojava</a> bajarê <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> wek paytexta demkî hilbijart ku helwesta xwe ya ku çareseriya du dewletên demkî ye destnîşan bike.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almanyaya Rojava wek komara parlemanî ya federal bi "aboriya bazara civakî" hate damezrandin. Di sala 1948an dest pê kir, Almanyaya Rojava di bin <a href="/wiki/Plana_Marshall" title="Plana Marshall">Plana Marshall</a> ya amerîkî de dibe wergirê sereke yê alîkariya nûavakirinê. Konrad Adenauer di sala 1949an de wek serokwezîrê yekem ê federal yê Almanyayê hate hilbijartin. Welat di destpêka salên 1950î de bi mezinbûna aborî ya berdewam (Wirtschaftswunder) pêşdikeve.<sup id="cite_ref-Protzman1989_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protzman1989-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Almanyaya_Rojava" title="Almanyaya Rojava">Almanyaya Rojava</a> di sala 1955an de tevlî <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATOyê</a> dibe û dibe endamê damezrîner ê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civata_Abor%C3%AE_ya_Ewropay%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civata Aborî ya Ewropayê (rûpel hê tune)">Civata Aborî ya Ewropayê</a>. Di 1 çileya sala 1957an de <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> tevlî <a href="/wiki/Almanyaya_Rojava" title="Almanyaya Rojava">Almanyaya Rojava</a> dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almanyaya Rojhilat dewletek Bloka Rojhilatî bû ku di bin kontrola siyasî û leşkerî ya Yekîtiya Sovyetê de bi riya hêzên dagirker û Pakta Warşovayê bû. Her çend Almanyaya Rojhilat îdîa kiriye ku ew demokrasî ye, desthilatdariya siyasî tenê ji hêla endamên pêşeng (Politbüro) yên Partiya Yekîtiya Sosyalîst a Almanyayê ya ku di bin kontrola komunîstan de ye ku ji hêla Stasi ve, karûbarek nepenî ya pir mezin, tê piştgirî kirin, hate bikar anîn. <sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Dema ku propagandaya Almanyaya Rojhilat li ser berjewendîyên bernameyên civakî yên Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê û xetereya îdiakirî ya dagirkirina <a href="/wiki/Almanyaya_Rojava" title="Almanyaya Rojava">Almanyaya Rojava</a> bû, gelek ji welatiyên <a href="/wiki/Komara_Demokrat%C3%AEk_a_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê">Almanyaya Rojhilat</a> ji bo azadî û bextewariyê li Almanyaya Rojava nihêrîne.<sup id="cite_ref-Protzman1989_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protzman1989-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEwar%C3%AA_Berl%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Dîwarê Berlînê">Dîwarê Berlînê</a> ku di sala 1961ê de hate çêkirin, rê neda welatiyên Almanyaya Rojhilat ku birevin <a href="/wiki/Almanyaya_Rojava" title="Almanyaya Rojava">Almanyaya Rojava</a> û dîwar dibe sembola <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_Sar" title="Şerê Sar">Şerê Sar</a>. </p><p>Di dawiya salên 1960an de ji hêla Ostpolîtîk ya serokwezîr Willy Brandt ve aloziyên di navbera Almanyaya Rojhilat û rojavayê de kêm dibin. Di sala 1989an de, <a href="/wiki/Mecaristan" title="Mecaristan">Mecaristanê</a> biryar da ku Perdeya Hesinî hilweşîne û sînorê xwe bi Awistiryayê re veke, ev dibe sedema koçberiya bi hezaran welatiyên Almanyaya Rojhilat di ser <a href="/wiki/Mecaristan" title="Mecaristan">Mecaristan</a> û <a href="/wiki/Awistirya" title="Awistirya">Awistiryayê</a> re ber bi Almanyaya Rojava ve herin. Vê yekê bandorên mezin li ser Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê kir ku piştgiriya xwepêşandanên girseyî yên birêkûpêk zêde dibin. Di hewlekê de ji bo ku <a href="/wiki/Komara_Demokrat%C3%AEk_a_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê">Almanyaya Rojhilat</a> wek dewlet bimîne, karbidestên Almaniya Rojhilat qedexeyên sinor sivik kirin lê ev bi rastî dibe sedema bilezkirina proseya reforma Wende ku di Peymana li ser Çareserkirina Dawî ya bi rêzgirtina ji bo Almanya de ku bi peymanê Almanya serweriya temamî bi dest dixe. Ev yek di 3ê cotmeha sala 1990an de, bi tevlêbûna pênc dewletên <a href="/wiki/Komara_Demokrat%C3%AEk_a_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê">Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê</a> ya berê ku ji nû ve hatine damezrandin, destûr dide ku Almanya ji nû ve were yekkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hilweşîna <a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEwar%C3%AA_Berl%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Dîwarê Berlînê">Dîwarê Berlînê</a> di sala 1989an de bû sembola hilweşîna komunîzmê, hilweşîna <a href="/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Sovyet%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Yekîtiya Sovyetê">Yekîtiya Sovyetê</a>, yekbûna Almanya û Die Wende.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Almanya,_Yekîtiya_Ewropayê_û_ji_nû_ve_yek_kirin"><span id="Almanya.2C_Yek.C3.AEtiya_Ewropay.C3.AA_.C3.BB_ji_n.C3.BB_ve_yek_kirin"></span>Almanya, Yekîtiya Ewropayê û ji nû ve yek kirin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Beşê biguhêre: Almanya, Yekîtiya Ewropayê û ji nû ve yek kirin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Almanya, Yekîtiya Ewropayê û ji nû ve yek kirin"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg/220px-West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg/330px-West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg/440px-West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Dîwarê Berlînê di dema hilweşîna di sala 1989an de û Deriyê Brandenburgê yek ji pêvçûnên yekem bû di dawiya Şerê Sar de ku di dawiyê de dibe sedema hilweşîna Yekîtiya Sovyetê.</figcaption></figure> <p>Almanyaya yekbûyî wekî berdewamiya berfireh a Almanyaya Rojava hate hesibandin jiber vê yekê endamtiya xwe di rêxistinên navneteweyî de parastiye.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dema ku bajarê Bonnê statuya yekta ya Bundesstadt (bajarê federal) wergirtiye ku hinek wezaretên federal li bajêr dimînin, <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%AEn" title="Berlîn">Berlîn</a> dîsa dibe paytexta Almanyayê.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veguheztina hikûmetê di sala 1999an de bi dawî dibe û nûjenkirina aboriya <a href="/wiki/Komara_Demokrat%C3%AEk_a_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê">Almanyaya Rojhilat</a> hate plan kirin ku heya 2019an bi dawî bibe.<sup id="cite_ref-Kulish2009_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kulish2009-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ji nû ve yekbûna Almanyayê di <a href="/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Yekîtiya Ewropayê">Yekîtiya Ewropayê</a> de rolek çalak girtiye ku di sala 1992an de bi Peymana Maastricht û di sala 2007an de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peymana_L%C3%AEzbon%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peymana Lîzbonê (rûpel hê tune)">Peymana Lîzbonê</a> îmze dike û dibe hevavakarê Herêma Euroyê.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almanya hêzeke aştîparêz ji bo aramiya li Balkanan şand û leşkerên almanî jî di çarçoveya hewlên <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATOyê</a> de ji bo ewlehiya li Efxanistanê piştî derxistina <a href="/wiki/Tal%C3%AEban" title="Talîban">Talîban</a> şandin <a href="/wiki/Efxanistan" title="Efxanistan">Efxanistanê</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kulish2009_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kulish2009-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di hilbijartinên sala 2005 de <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> bûye yekem serokwezîra jina li Almanyayê. Di sala 2009an de hikûmeta alman planek teşwîqê ya bi 50 milyar € yê pejirand.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di nav projeyên sereke yên siyasî yên alman ên di destpêka sedsala 21an de pêşketina entegrasyona ewropî, veguheztina enerjiyê (Energiewende) ji bo peydakirina enerjiyek domdar, sekinandina deynê ji bo butçeyên hevseng, tevdîrên ji bo zêdekirina rêjeya zayînê (pronatalîzm) û bilind- stratejiyên teknolojiyê yên ji bo veguheztina aboriya alman ku wekî Pîşesaziya 4.0. hatiye binavkirin heye.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di krîza koçberan a sala 2015an de li <a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropayê</a>, Almanya zêdetirî milyonek penaber û koçber qebul kiriye.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erdnîgarî"><span id="Erdn.C3.AEgar.C3.AE"></span>Erdnîgarî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Beşê biguhêre: Erdnîgarî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Erdnîgarî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Deutschland_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/220px-Deutschland_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/330px-Deutschland_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/440px-Deutschland_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2011" data-file-height="2654" /></a><figcaption>Nexşeya fizîkî ya Almanyayê.</figcaption></figure> <p>Almanya heftemîn welatê herî mezin ê <a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropayê</a> ye ku li bakur bi <a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%AEmarka" title="Danîmarka">Danîmarka</a>, li rojhilat bi <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a> û <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a>, ji aliyê başûrê rojhilat ve bi <a href="/wiki/Awistirya" title="Awistirya">Awistirya</a> û li aliyê başûrê rojava bi <a href="/wiki/Sw%C3%AEsre" title="Swîsre">Swîsre</a> re sinor e.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBksemb%C3%BBrg" title="Lûksembûrg">Lûksembûrg</a> û <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7%C3%AEka" title="Belçîka">Belçîka</a> li aliyê rojava, li bakurê rojava jî <a href="/wiki/Holenda" title="Holenda">Holenda</a> cih digire. Li bakur di navbera <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Balt%C3%AEk" title="Deryaya Baltîk">Deryaya Baltîk</a> û <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Bakur" title="Deryaya Bakur">Deryaya Bakur</a> de û li başûr di navbera <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Balt%C3%AEk" title="Deryaya Baltîk">Deryaya Baltîk</a> û <a href="/wiki/Alp" title="Alp">Çiyayên Alpan</a> de ye. Xaka Almanyayê ji 357,022 km² rûberê pêk tê (137,847 sq mi) ku ji vî 348,672 km² (134,623 sq mi) rûerd e û 8,350 km² (3,224 km²) (ji avê pêk tê) rûav e. </p><p>Xala herî bilind li çiyayên Alpan e (xala herî bilind: Zugspitze bi 2,963 mêtreyê) ku ji aliyê bakurê rojava ve heya peravên <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Bakur" title="Deryaya Bakur">Deryaya Bakur</a>, (Nordsee) ji bakurê rojava ve heta peravê Deryaya Baltîkê (Ostsee) dirêj dibe. Xala herî nizm ku li şaredariya Neuendorf-Sachsenbande, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilstermarsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilstermarsch (rûpel hê tune)">Wilstermarsch</a> 3,54 mêtre di bin asta deryayê de ye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avhewa">Avhewa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Beşê biguhêre: Avhewa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Avhewa"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piraniya Almanyayê xwedî avhewa nerm e ku ji okyanûsa li bakur û rojava heta parzemîna li rojhilat û başûrê rojhilat berfireh dibe. dema ku havîn dikare ji germ û hişk bigire heya hewaya sar û baran diguhere, zivistanan ji ber sermaya li Alpên Başûr heya hewaya sar bi gelemperî bi baranên sinordar ve ewrayî ye. Li herêmên bakur bayên rojavayî yên ku ji <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Bakur" title="Deryaya Bakur">Deryaya Bakur</a> hewaya şil bi xwe re tîne germahiyê nerm dike û baranê zêde dike. Berevajî vê, li herêmên başûrê rojhilat germahiyên dijwar hene.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ji sibata sala 2019 û 2020an vir ve germahiya mehane ya navîniyê li Almanyayê germa herî kêm 3,3 °C, di çileya sala 2020an de, germa herî bilind 19,8 °C, di hezîrana 2019an de hatiye tomarkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rêjeya baranê ya mehane herî kêm 30 lître (li ser mêtreçargoşe erd) di dibat û nîsana sala 2019an de, herî zêde 125 lître serê metreçargoşe di sibata sala 2020an de baran bariye.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pirrengiyabiyo">Pirrengiyabiyo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Beşê biguhêre: Pirrengiyabiyo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Pirrengiyabiyo"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Adult_white-tailed_eagle_(Haliaeetus_albicilla)_of_central_Poland_in_flight_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg/220px-Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg/330px-Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg/440px-Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4747" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption>Eyloyê poçik spî ku cûreyek teyrê nêçîrî ye ku niha din bin parastinê de ye.</figcaption></figure> <p>Erdê Almanya dikare li pênc ekoherêmên bejayî were dabeş kirin ku ji ekoherêmên wekî daristanên tevlihev ên Atlantîkê, daristanên tevlihev ên Baltîkê, daristanên tevlihev ên Ewropaya Navendî, daristanên pelên fireh ên Ewropaya Rojava û daristanên şîn û tevlihev ên Alpê pêk tê. Ji sala 2016an vir ve ji %51 erdê Almanyayê ji bo çandiniyê hatiye veqetandin lê ji sedî 30 daristanî ye û ji %14 jî ji hêla nifûsê yan jî binesaziyê ve hatiye vegirtin.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cûreyên nebat û heywanên ku bi gelemperî li Ewropaya Navîn wekhevin hene. Li gorî Envantera Daristanan a Neteweyî, narewan, berû û cûreyên darên din ên pelweşanî ji %40ê daristanên Almanyayê pêk tînin ku nêzîkî ji %60 darên çam in, nemaze narewan û çam in.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gelek cureyên firingî, kulîlk, kevz û kiyark hene. Di nav ajalên kovî de Rovî, Kurebeşk, Kîvroşka Ewropayê, Xezalê sor a Ewropayê, Berazê kovî, moflon (binecureyekî pezê kovî) û hejmareke hindik ji Kewndêzê Ewrasyayê hene. Celebek kulîlkek mor (<i>Centaurea cyanus</i>) heye ku berê sembolek neteweyî ya almanan bû.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>16e parkên neteweyî yên Almanyayê hene ku di nav de Parka Neteweyî ya Jasmund, Parka Neteweyî ya Herêma Vorpommern Lagoon, Parka Neteweyî ya Müritz, Parkên Neteweyî yên Deryaya Wadden, Parka Neteweyî ya Harz, Parka Neteweyî ya Hainich, Parka Neteweyî ya Daristana Reş, Swîsreya Neteweyî ya Saxon, Parka Neteweyî ya Daristana Bavarian û Parka Neteweyî ya Berchtesgadenê hene.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di heman demê de, 17 Rezervên Biosferê û 105 parkên xwezayiyên Almanyayê hene.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qada Zoolojîk a Berlînê ku di sala 1844an de vebûye, li Almanyayê ya herî kevn e û îdîa dike ku berhevoka herî berfireha celebên ajalan li cîhanê ye.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rêveberî_û_polîtîka"><span id="R.C3.AAveber.C3.AE_.C3.BB_pol.C3.AEt.C3.AEka"></span>Rêveberî û polîtîka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Beşê biguhêre: Rêveberî û polîtîka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Rêveberî û polîtîka"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almanya komareke federal, parlamenî û demokratîk e. Desthilata qanûndanînê ya federal di parlamenê de ye ku ji <i>Bundestag</i> (Desteya Federal) û <i>Bundesrat</i> (Meclîsa Federal) pêk tê ku bi hev re organa qanûndanînê pêk tînin. <i>Bundestag</i> bi rêya hilbijartinên rasterast û bi sîstema nûnertiya rêjeyî ya tevlîhev tê hilbijartin. Endamên <i>Bundesrat</i> nûnertiya rêveberiyên şanzdeh herêmên federe dikin û ji aliyê wan ve têne erkdar kirin. Sîstema siyasî ya alman li gorî çarçoveya ku di makezagona sala 1949an de wekî Qanûna Bingehîn tê zanîn de tevdigere. Guherandinên qanûnî bi giştî pêwîstî ya bi piraniya ji sê parên nûnerên <i>Bundestag</i> û <i>Bundesrat</i> pêwîstî ya du paran heye. Prensîbên bingehîn ên Destûra Bingehîn ku tê de xalên garantiya rûmeta mirovî, cihêbûna hêzan, pêkhateya federal û serweriya hiqûqê têne diyarkirin, di sîstema hiqûqa Almanyayê de bêguhertin her dem derbasdar e.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serokê dewletê bi nûnerî xwedî berpirsiyar û xwedî raye ye. Serok ji hêla Bundesversammlung (komîsyona federal) ve, saziyek ku ji endamên <i>Bundestag</i> û hejmarek wekhev ji delegeyên dewletê pêk tê, tê hilbijartin. Karbidestê duyem ê herî bilind di rêza pêşîn a alman de Bundestagspräsident (Serokê Bundestag) e ku ji hêla <i>Bundestag</i> ve tê hilbijartin û berpirsiyarê çavdêriya rûniştinên rojane yên <i>Bundestag</i> e. Karmendê sêyem a herî bilind û serokê hikûmetê, serokwezîr e ku ji aliyê Bundespräsident ve tê erkdar kirin ku ji aliyê partî an jî koalîsyona ku herî zêde kursiyên di '<i>Bundestagê</i> de hene, tê hilbijartin. </p><p>Ji sala 1949an vir ve sîstema partiyê di bin serweriya Yekîtiya Demokratên Xiristiyan û Partiya Sosyal Demokrat a Almanyayê de ye. Heta niha her serokwezîrek endamê yek ji van partiyan bûye. Lêbelê Partiya Demokrata Azad a Lîberal û Partiya Hevbendiya 90/Kesk jî di hikûmetên koalîsyonê de hevkariyên piçûk in. Her çend ew qet nebe beşek ji hukûmeta federal, ji sala 2007an vir ve Partiya Sosyalîst a Demokrat a Çep di <i>Bundestaga</i> a Almanyayê de endamekî giring e. Di hilbijartinên federal ên Almanyayê yên sala 2017an de, Alternatîva ji bo Almanyayê ya rastgir a populîst dengên pêwîst bi dest dixe ku cara yekem di parlamenê de nûnertiya xwe bi dest dixe.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herêmên_Almanyayê"><span id="Her.C3.AAm.C3.AAn_Almanyay.C3.AA"></span>Herêmên Almanyayê</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Beşê biguhêre: Herêmên Almanyayê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Herêmên Almanyayê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>16 <a href="/wiki/Her%C3%AAm%C3%AAn_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Herêmên Almanyayê">Herêmên Almanyayê</a> hene ku her herêmek parlamena bixwe heye û di hindur de gelek aliyan de xwedî zagonin. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#ececec"> <td><b>Rêz</b></td> <td><b>Herêm</b></td> <td><b>Serbajar</b></td> <td><b>Rûerd</b> (km²)</td> <td><b>Nifûs</b> (bi hezaran) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></td> <td>35.751,46</td> <td>10.632 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bavyera" title="Bavyera">Bavyera</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mun%C3%AEh" title="Munîh">Munîh</a></td> <td>70.551,57</td> <td>12.604 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Navçe_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navçe-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>891,85</td> <td>3.419 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></td> <td>29.485,63</td> <td>2.450 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(her%C3%AAm)" title="Bremen (herêm)">Bremen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Navçe_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navçe-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>419,38</td> <td>654 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Navçe_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navçe-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>755,26</td> <td>1.753 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen">Hessen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></td> <td>21.114,94</td> <td>6.046 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></td> <td>23.180,14</td> <td>1.598 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saksonya_J%C3%AAr%C3%AEn" title="Saksonya Jêrîn">Saksonya Jêrîn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hannover" title="Hannover">Hannover</a></td> <td>47.634,90</td> <td>7.792 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen">Nordrhein-Westfalen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></td> <td>34.097,72</td> <td>17.572 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rheinland-Pfalz" title="Rheinland-Pfalz">Rheinland-Pfalz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></td> <td>19.853,36</td> <td>3.995 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></td> <td>2.569,69</td> <td>991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saksonya" title="Saksonya">Saksonya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></td> <td>18.415,51</td> <td>4.047 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sachsen-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachsen-Anhalt">Sachsen-Anhalt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></td> <td>20.446,31</td> <td>2.246 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></td> <td>15.799,38</td> <td>2.814 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%BCringen" class="mw-redirect" title="Thüringen">Thüringen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></td> <td>16.172,50</td> <td>2.162 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; ;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Karte_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Karte_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland.svg/300px-Karte_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="406" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Karte_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland.svg/450px-Karte_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Karte_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland.svg/600px-Karte_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span><div style="font-size:85%"> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:48px;top:110px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="680" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Saksonya_J%C3%AAr%C3%AEn" title="Saksonya Jêrîn">Saksonya Jêrîn</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:73px;top:84px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Bremen_Wappen(Mittel).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg/15px-Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg/23px-Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg/30px-Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="417" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(her%C3%AAm)" title="Bremen (herêm)">Bremen</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:108px;top:62px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg/15px-DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg/23px-DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="315" /></a></span> <b> <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:191px;top:44px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_(great).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="548" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-<br />Vorpommern</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:156px;top:152px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg/15px-Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg/23px-Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg/30px-Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="147" data-file-height="178" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Saksonya-Anhalt" title="Saksonya-Anhalt">Saksonya-<br />Anhalt</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:227px;top:189px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="576" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Saksonya" title="Saksonya">Saksonya</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:195px;top:94px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/15px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/23px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:217px;top:120px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:DEU_Berlin_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/15px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/23px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="739" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%AEn" title="Berlîn">Berlîn</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:138px;top:204px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="596" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Tur%C3%AEngiya" title="Turîngiya">Turîngiya</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:77px;top:222px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="617" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen">Hessen</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:14px;top:162px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen">Nordrhein-<br />Westfalen</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:8px;top:241px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Rheinland-Pfalz" title="Rheinland-Pfalz">Rheinland-<br />Pfalz</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:166px;top:306px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Bayern_Wappen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bayern_Wappen.svg/15px-Bayern_Wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bayern_Wappen.svg/23px-Bayern_Wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bayern_Wappen.svg/30px-Bayern_Wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="684" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Bavyera" title="Bavyera">Bavyera</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:59px;top:327px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/15px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/30px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Baden-Wurttemberg" title="Baden-Wurttemberg">Baden-<br />Wurttemberg</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:19px;top:287px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg/15px-Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg/23px-Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg/30px-Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:98px;top:9px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="617" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-<br />Holstein</a></b></div></div> </div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giştpirsiya_serxwebûna_Başûrê_Kurdistanê"><span id="Gi.C5.9Ftpirsiya_serxweb.C3.BBna_Ba.C5.9F.C3.BBr.C3.AA_Kurdistan.C3.AA"></span>Giştpirsiya serxwebûna Başûrê Kurdistanê</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Beşê biguhêre: Giştpirsiya serxwebûna Başûrê Kurdistanê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Giştpirsiya serxwebûna Başûrê Kurdistanê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berdevkê hikûmeta Almanyayê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Schaefer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Schaefer (rûpel hê tune)">Martin Schaefer</a> li ser pirseke di civîna çapameniyê ya li Berlinê dihat lidarxistine da rexne li biryara <a href="/wiki/Gi%C5%9Ftpirsiya_Serxweb%C3%BBna_Ba%C5%9F%C3%BBr%C3%AA_Kurdistan%C3%AA_ya_2017an" title="Giştpirsiya Serxwebûna Başûrê Kurdistanê ya 2017an">referandûmê</a> ya yekalî ya <a href="/wiki/Her%C3%AAma_Kurdistan%C3%AA" title="Herêma Kurdistanê">Herêma Kurdistanê</a> girtin. Schaefer diyar kir ku gavên zerarê dide yekîtiya Iraqê, ne li gorî berjewendiyên civaka navneteweyî ne jî Almanyayê ye û got:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Li herêmê keseke eger, sînorê xwe yekalî bixwaze biguherîne an jî bixwaze dewlet ava bike, bi agir dilîze.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Martin Schaefer, 2017</cite></div> </blockquote> <p>Herwiha serokwezîrê berê ê Almanyayê <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkelê</a> di bersiveke xwe de referandûma serxwebûna Kurdistanê ya 25ê îlonê nirxand û got:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Di mijara têkoşîna dijterorê de divê piştgiriya Kurdistanê û hêzên <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AA%C5%9Fmerge" title="Pêşmerge">Pêşmerge</a> were kirin. Di mijara referandûmê de jî em piştgiriya herêma kurdî di nav yekîtiya Iraqê da diparêzin.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Angela Merkel</cite></div> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Binêre"><span id="Bin.C3.AAre"></span>Binêre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Beşê biguhêre: Binêre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Binêre"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Alman%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Almanî">Împeratoriya Almanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komara_Weimar%C3%AA" title="Komara Weimarê">Komara Weimarê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almanyaya_Naz%C3%AE" title="Almanyaya Nazî">Almanyaya Nazî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komara_Demokrat%C3%AEk_a_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê">Komara Demokratîk a Almanyayê</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Not">Not</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Beşê biguhêre: Not" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Not"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068480">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ji 1952 heta 1990, <i>Deutschlandlied</i> sirûda netewî bi tenê ayeta sêyem li ser caran fermî sirûd gotin bûye. Ji ber ku 1991, bi tenê ayeta sêyem sirûda netewî bûye.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_dan%C3%AEmark%C3%AE" title="Zimanê danîmarkî">danîmarkî</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almaniya_j%C3%AAr%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almaniya jêrîn (rûpel hê tune)">almaniya jêrîn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_sorb%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanê sorbî (rûpel hê tune)">sorbî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_roman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê romanî">romanî</a>, û <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_fr%C3%AEz%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanê frîzî (rûpel hê tune)">frîzî</a> naskirin, ji aliyê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sened%C3%AA_Ewropay%C3%AA_ji_bo_Ziman%C3%AAn_Her%C3%AAm%C3%AE_an_Hindikayiyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senedê Ewropayê ji bo Zimanên Herêmî an Hindikayiyan (rûpel hê tune)">Senedê Ewropayê ji bo Zimanên Herêmî an Hindikayiyan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Yekîtiya Ewropayê">Yekîtiya Ewropayê</a> ji ber ku 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Li kêmanîke naskirî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AAn_Alman%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanên Almanî (rûpel hê tune)">Zimanên Almanî</a>: <dl><dd><ul><li>bi <a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_alman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê almanî">almanî</a>: <span lang="de">Bundesrepublik Deutschland</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_danmark%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanê danmarkî (rûpel hê tune)">danmarkî</a>: <span lang="da">Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_nedersaks%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanê nedersaksî (rûpel hê tune)">nedersaksî</a>: <span lang="nds">Bundesrepubliek Düütschland</span></li> <li>bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_sorbiya_jor%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanê sorbiya jorîn (rûpel hê tune)">sorbiya jorîn</a>: <span lang="hsb">Zwjazkowa Republika Němska</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_sorbiya_j%C3%AAr%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanê sorbiya jêrîn (rûpel hê tune)">sorbiya jêrîn</a>: <span lang="dsb">Nimska Zwězkowa Republika</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_romaniya_vlaks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanê romaniya vlaks (rûpel hê tune)">romaniya vlaks</a>: <span lang="rmy">Federalni Republika Jermaniya</span></li> <li>bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziman%C3%AA_fr%C3%AEz%C3%AEya_rojava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimanê frîzîya rojava (rûpel hê tune)">frîzîya rojava</a>: <span lang="fy">Bûnsrepublyk Dútslân</span></li></ul></dd></dl> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çavkanî"><span id=".C3.87avkan.C3.AE"></span>Çavkanî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çavkanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Çavkanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1068480" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1850135">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBundespräsidialamt" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundespr%C3%A4sidialamt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bundespräsidialamt (rûpel hê tune)">Bundespräsidialamt</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bundespraesident.de/DE/Amt-und-Aufgaben/Wirken-im-Inland/Repraesentation-und-Integration/repraesentation-und-integration-node.html">"Repräsentation und Integration"</a> (bi almanî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">8 adar</span> 2016</span>. <q>Nach Herstellung der staatlichen Einheit Deutschlands bestimmte Bundespräsident von Weizsäcker in einem Briefwechsel mit Bundeskanzler Helmut Kohl im Jahr 1991 die dritte Strophe zur Nationalhymne für das deutsche Volk. [In 1991, following the establishment of German unity, Federal President von Weizsäcker, in an exchange of letters with Chancellor Helmut Kohl, declared the third verse [of the Deutschlandlied] to be the national anthem of the German people.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Repr%C3%A4sentation+und+Integration&rft.au=Bundespr%C3%A4sidialamt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundespraesident.de%2FDE%2FAmt-und-Aufgaben%2FWirken-im-Inland%2FRepraesentation-und-Integration%2Frepraesentation-und-integration-node.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bevölkerungsstand-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bevölkerungsstand_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsstand/Tabellen/liste-zensus-geschlecht-staatsangehoerigkeit.html">"Bevölkerungsstand am 30. Juni 2021"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistisches_Bundesamt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistisches Bundesamt (rûpel hê tune)">Statistisches Bundesamt</a> (Destatis)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 28 çiriya pêşîn 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstand+am+30.+Juni+2021&rft.pub=Statistisches+Bundesamt+%28Destatis%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.destatis.de%2FDE%2FThemen%2FGesellschaft-Umwelt%2FBevoelkerung%2FBevoelkerungsstand%2FTabellen%2Fliste-zensus-geschlecht-staatsangehoerigkeit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123051754/https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsstand/Tabellen/liste-zensus-geschlecht-staatsangehoerigkeit.html">"Kopîkirina arşîvê"</a>. Ji orîjînalê hat arşîvkirin. Roja arşîvkirinê: 23 çiriya paşîn 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 8 kanûna pêşîn 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kop%C3%AEkirina+ar%C5%9F%C3%AEv%C3%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.destatis.de%2FDE%2FThemen%2FGesellschaft-Umwelt%2FBevoelkerung%2FBevoelkerungsstand%2FTabellen%2Fliste-zensus-geschlecht-staatsangehoerigkeit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">lînk</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=134,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook database: April 2021"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Monetary_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Monetary Fund (rûpel hê tune)">International Monetary Fund</a>. nîsan 2021. Ji orîjînalê di 12 nîsan 2021 de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412070027/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=134,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">hat arşîvkirin</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 12 nîsan 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+database%3A+April+2021&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2021-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2021%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D134%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2019%26ey%3D2026%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurogini-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eurogini_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurostat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurostat (rûpel hê tune)">Eurostat</a>. Ji orîjînalê di 9 çiriya pêşîn 2020 de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091832/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">hat arşîvkirin</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Our New Germany is Rebuilding Itself': Constitutionalism, Nationalism and the Creation of a German Polity during the Revolutions of 1848-49"</a>. <i>The English Historical Review</i>. <b>CXXV</b> (516): 1173–1214. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2Fceq276">10.1093/ehr/ceq276</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-8266">0013-8266</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=%27The+Old+Forms+are+Breaking+Up%2C+...+Our+New+Germany+is+Rebuilding+Itself%27%3A+Constitutionalism%2C+Nationalism+and+the+Creation+of+a+German+Polity+during+the+Revolutions+of+1848-49&rft.volume=CXXV&rft.issue=516&rft.pages=1173-1214&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2Fceq276&rft.issn=0013-8266&rft.aulast=Hewitson&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2Fceq276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110602041037/https://history.state.gov/countries/issues/german-unification">"Unification of German States - Countries - Office of the Historian"</a>. <i>history.state.gov</i>. 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(1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09668139408412190">"Soviet deaths in the great patriotic war: A note"</a>. <i>Europe-Asia Studies</i> (bi îngilîzî). <b>46</b> (4): 671–680. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668139408412190">10.1080/09668139408412190</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0966-8136">0966-8136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=Soviet+deaths+in+the+great+patriotic+war%3A+A+note&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=671-680&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668139408412190&rft.issn=0966-8136&rft.aulast=Ellman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Maksudov%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F09668139408412190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFKershaw2005" class="citation book cs1">Kershaw, Ian, edîtor (2005). <i>Stalinism and Nazism: dictatorships in comparison</i> (Çapa Reprint). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-0-521-56521-9" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-0-521-56521-9"><bdi>978-0-521-56521-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalinism+and+Nazism%3A+dictatorships+in+comparison&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56521-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFOvermans2000" class="citation book cs1">Overmans, Rüdiger (2000). <i>Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg</i>. Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte (Çapa Studienausg., 2. Aufl). München: Oldenbourg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-3-486-56531-7" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-3-486-56531-7"><bdi>978-3-486-56531-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+milit%C3%A4rische+Verluste+im+Zweiten+Weltkrieg&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.series=Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+Milit%C3%A4rgeschichte&rft.edition=Studienausg.%2C+2.+Aufl&rft.pub=Oldenbourg&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-486-56531-7&rft.aulast=Overmans&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFDemshuk2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Demshuk, Andrew (30 nîsan 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ySLyE6YJEn0C&pg=PA52"><i>The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945-1970</i></a> (bi îngilîzî). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-1-107-02073-3" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-1-107-02073-3"><bdi>978-1-107-02073-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+German+East%3A+Forced+Migration+and+the+Politics+of+Memory%2C+1945-1970&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft.isbn=978-1-107-02073-3&rft.aulast=Demshuk&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DySLyE6YJEn0C%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbp009">"Trabant and Beetle: the Two Germanies, 1949-89"</a>. <i>History Workshop Journal</i>. <b>68</b> (1): 1–2. 1 îlon 2009. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhwj%2Fdbp009">10.1093/hwj/dbp009</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1363-3554">1363-3554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Workshop+Journal&rft.atitle=Trabant+and+Beetle%3A+the+Two+Germanies%2C+1949-89&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhwj%2Fdbp009&rft.issn=1363-3554&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fhwj%2Fdbp009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFWise1998" class="citation book cs1">Wise, Michael Z. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/capitaldilemmage0000wise"><i>Capital dilemma : Germany's search for a new architecture of democracy</i></a>. Internet Archive. New York : Princeton Architectural Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-1-56898-134-5" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-1-56898-134-5"><bdi>978-1-56898-134-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital+dilemma+%3A+Germany%27s+search+for+a+new+architecture+of+democracy&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-56898-134-5&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Michael+Z.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcapitaldilemmage0000wise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Protzman1989-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Protzman1989_58-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Protzman1989_58-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFProtzmanTimes1989" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Protzman, Ferdinand; Times, Special To the New York (22 tebax 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/22/world/westward-tide-of-east-germans-is-a-popular-no-confidence-vote.html">"Westward Tide of East Germans Is a Popular No-Confidence Vote"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (bi îngilîziya amerîkî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">27 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Westward+Tide+of+East+Germans+Is+a+Popular+No-Confidence+Vote&rft.date=1989-08-22&rft.aulast=Protzman&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft.au=Times%2C+Special+To+the+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F08%2F22%2Fworld%2Fwestward-tide-of-east-germans-is-a-popular-no-confidence-vote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countrystudies.us/germany/51.htm">"Germany - Rearmament and the European Defense Community"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">27 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Germany+-+Rearmament+and+the+European+Defense+Community&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fgermany%2F51.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFMajorOsmond2002" class="citation book cs1">Major, Patrick; Osmond, Jonathan, edîtor (2002). <i>The workers' and peasants' state: communism and society in East Germany under Ulbricht 1945 - 71</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-0-7190-6289-6" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-0-7190-6289-6"><bdi>978-0-7190-6289-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+workers%27+and+peasants%27+state%3A+communism+and+society+in+East+Germany+under+Ulbricht+1945+-+71&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6289-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620152657/https://www.wendemuseum.org/sites/default/files/10-9-09Iconoclash%20updated%20brochure_small.pdf">"Wayback Machine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wendemuseum.org/sites/default/files/10-9-09Iconoclash%20updated%20brochure_small.pdf">orîjînalê</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> di 20 hezîran 2021 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">27 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Wayback+Machine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wendemuseum.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F10-9-09Iconoclash%2520updated%2520brochure_small.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080206104205/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/views/y/1999/11/burns.wall.nov8/">"CNN - y: What the Berlin Wall still stands for - November 8, 1999"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 6 sibat 2008. Ji orîjînalê hat arşîvkirin. 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Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">27 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=CNN+-+y%3A+What+the+Berlin+Wall+still+stands+for+-+November+8%2C+1999&rft.date=2008-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FSPECIALS%2Fviews%2Fy%2F1999%2F11%2Fburns.wall.nov8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/einigvtr/art_11.html">"Art 11 EinigVtr - Einzelnorm"</a>. <i>www.gesetze-im-internet.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">27 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gesetze-im-internet.de&rft.atitle=Art+11+EinigVtr+-+Einzelnorm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Feinigvtr%2Fart_11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/berlin_bonng/index.html">"Berlin/BonnG - nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis"</a>. <i>www.gesetze-im-internet.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">27 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gesetze-im-internet.de&rft.atitle=Berlin%2FBonnG+-+nichtamtliches+Inhaltsverzeichnis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fberlin_bonng%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kulish2009-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kulish2009_65-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kulish2009_65-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFKulish2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kulish, Nicholas (19 hezîran 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/19/world/europe/19germany.html">"In East Germany, a Decline as Stark as a Wall"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (bi îngilîziya amerîkî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">27 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+East+Germany%2C+a+Decline+as+Stark+as+a+Wall&rft.date=2009-06-19&rft.aulast=Kulish&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F06%2F19%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F19germany.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFResearch2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Research, CNN Editorial (9 tîrmeh 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/09/world/europe/eurozone-fast-facts/index.html">"Eurozone Fast Facts"</a>. <i>CNN</i> (bi îngilîzî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ji orîjînalê hat arşîvkirin. Roja arşîvkirinê: 13 gulan 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">27 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Germany+agrees+on+50-billion-euro+stimulus+plan+-+FRANCE+24&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20090106-germany-agrees-new-50-billion-euro-stimulus-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150101010608/http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/merkel-regierungserklaerung110.html">"Regierungserklärung von Kanzlerin Merkel: Große Versprechen, scharfe Kritik | tagesschau.de"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 1 kanûna paşîn 2015. 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Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zoo-berlin.de/en/understand/zahlen-fakten.html">orîjînalê</a> di 9 hezîran 2010 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">28 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Zoo+Berlin+%2F+VERSTEHEN+%2F+Zahlen+%26+Fakten+%2F+Tierstatistik+2009&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zoo-berlin.de%2Fen%2Funderstand%2Fzahlen-fakten.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845237534-852"><i>Appendix The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany</i></a>. Nomos. 2013. rr. 852–936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appendix+The+Basic+Law+for+the+Federal+Republic+of+Germany&rft.pages=852-936&rft.pub=Nomos&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5771%2F9783845237534-852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/spd-green-party-fdp-cdu-left-party-afd/a-38085900">"A look at Germany's political parties – DW – 03/01/2021"</a>. <i>dw.com</i> (bi îngilîzî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">29 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=A+look+at+Germany%27s+political+parties+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+03%2F01%2F2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fspd-green-party-fdp-cdu-left-party-afd%2Fa-38085900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/german-election-results-exit-poll-2017-live-latest-afd-mps-merkel-alternative-a7964796.html">"Far-right party wins MPs in German parliament for first time in half a century"</a>. <i>The Independent</i> (bi îngilîzî). 25 îlon 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">29 tebax</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Far-right+party+wins+MPs+in+German+parliament+for+first+time+in+half+a+century&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fpolitics%2Fgerman-election-results-exit-poll-2017-live-latest-afd-mps-merkel-alternative-a7964796.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navçe-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Navçe_84-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Navçe_84-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Navçe_84-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Navçeyên Berlin û Hamburg ji bajarên hewşêwe navî de de pêk tên. Bremen jî navçeyeke ji bajarekî de pêk têye jî, bajarê <a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a> jî di hundura Bremen da ye.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_85-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_85-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135" /><cite id="CITEREFNachrichten" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nachrichten, n-tv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Kurdisches-Referendum-stoesst-auf-Ablehnung-article19883106.html">"Kurdisches Referendum stößt auf Ablehnung"</a>. <i>n-tv.de</i> (bi almanî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 21 kanûna paşîn 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=n-tv.de&rft.atitle=Kurdisches+Referendum+st%C3%B6%C3%9Ft+auf+Ablehnung&rft.aulast=Nachrichten&rft.aufirst=n-tv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.n-tv.de%2Fpolitik%2FKurdisches-Referendum-stoesst-auf-Ablehnung-article19883106.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3AAlmanya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Girêdanên_derve"><span id="Gir.C3.AAdan.C3.AAn_derve"></span>Girêdanên derve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Beşê biguhêre: Girêdanên derve" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Girêdanên 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class="nv-binêre"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Dewlet%C3%AAn_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Şablon:Dewletên Ewropayê"><abbr title="Vê şablonê nîşan bide" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">n</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-gotûbêj"><a href="/wiki/Got%C3%BBb%C3%AAja_%C5%9Fablon%C3%AA:Dewlet%C3%AAn_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Gotûbêja şablonê:Dewletên Ewropayê"><abbr title="Vê şablonê gotûbêj bike" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-çêke"><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Dewlet%C3%AAn_Ewropay%C3%AA&action=edit"><abbr title="Vê şablonê biguhêre" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dewletên_Ewropayê" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Dewletên Ewropayê</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albanya" title="Albanya">Albanya</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Almanya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Awistriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Awistriya">Awistriya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belar%C3%BBs" title="Belarûs">Belarûs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7%C3%AEka" title="Belçîka">Belçîka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bosniya_%C3%BB_Herzegov%C3%AEna" title="Bosniya û Herzegovîna">Bosniya û Herzegovîna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan">Bulgaristan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%AEmarka" title="Danîmarka">Danîmarka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a> · <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AEnlenda" title="Fînlenda">Fînlenda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gurcistan" title="Gurcistan">Gurcistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Holenda" title="Holenda">Holenda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Komara_%C3%8Erlenday%C3%AA" title="Komara Îrlendayê">Îrlenda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Keyaniya_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE" title="Keyaniya Yekbûyî">Keyaniya Yekbûyî</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kroatya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kroatya">Kroatya</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eslenda" title="Îslenda">Îslenda</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Etalya" title="Îtalya">Îtalya</a> · <a href="/wiki/K%C3%AEpros" title="Kîpros">Kîpros</a> · <a href="/wiki/Makedonyaya_Bakur" title="Makedonyaya Bakur">Makedonyaya Bakur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Letonya" title="Letonya">Letonya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> · <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEtvanya" title="Lîtvanya">Lîtvanya</a> · <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBksemb%C3%BBrg" title="Lûksembûrg">Lûksembûrg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mecaristan" title="Mecaristan">Mecaristan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a> · <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norw%C3%AAc" title="Norwêc">Norwêc</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qazaxistan" title="Qazaxistan">Qazaxistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a> · <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya">Rûsya</a> · <a href="/wiki/San_Mar%C3%AEno" title="San Marîno">San Marîno</a> · <a href="/wiki/Serbistan" title="Serbistan">Serbistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spanya" title="Spanya">Spanya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sw%C3%AAd" title="Swêd">Swêd</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sw%C3%AEsre" title="Swîsre">Swîsre</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye">Tirkiye</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Bkrayna" title="Ûkrayna">Ûkrayna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vat%C3%AEkan" title="Vatîkan">Vatîkan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yewnanistan" title="Yewnanistan">Yewnanistan</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/80px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/120px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/160px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i><b>Dewletên ne aşartî</b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Abxazya" class="mw-redirect" title="Abxazya">Abxazya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Komara_Tirk_a_Bakur%C3%AA_K%C3%AEpros%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Komara Tirk a Bakurê Kîprosê">Bakurê Kîprosê</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kosova" title="Kosova">Kosova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Osetyaya_Ba%C5%9F%C3%BBr" class="mw-redirect" title="Osetyaya Başûr">Osetyaya Başûr</a> · <a href="/wiki/Komara_Nagorno_Qerebax%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Komara Nagorno Qerebaxê">Qerebaxa Jorîn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Transn%C3%AEstriya" title="Transnîstriya">Transnîstriya</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1138413" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1122230" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Danegehên_kontrola_otorîteyê_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Danegehên_kontrola_otorîteyê_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Kontrola_otor%C3%AEte" class="mw-redirect" title="Alîkarî:Kontrola otorîte">Danegehên kontrola otorîteyê</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183#identifiers" title="Li ser Wîkîdaneyê biguhêre"><img alt="Li ser Wîkîdaneyê biguhêre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navneteweyî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1210272/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122854945">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/189116956">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCD3rcKcPDx6FHmjvrbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neteweyî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000000337">Şîle</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450924">Spanya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Allemagne"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12205186t">Fransa</a></abbr></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Allemagne"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152996644">2</a></abbr></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Allemagne"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12205186t">BnF data</a></abbr></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Allemagne"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152996644">2</a></abbr></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516275306706">Ketelonya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4011882-4">Almanya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559778705171">Îsraêl</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Germany"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80125931">DYA</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561571">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Německo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge135889&CON_LNG=ENG">Komara Çekî</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998025580">Korê</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cografî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/85752fda-13c4-31a3-bee5-0e5cb1f51dad">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hunermend</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/71d45793-db01-4f9a-bdf4-2db67ce79a6f">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Însan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/Yp4dzAsJ">Parlemana Keyaniya Yekbûyî</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yên din</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=72433">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003352">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044480">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030685435">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/almanya">Ensîklopediya Îslamê</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" 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