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title="RSS"><span class="visuallyhidden">RSS</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/aasnova.bsky.social" class="icon fa fa-bluesky" title="Bluesky"><span class="visuallyhidden">Bluesky</span></a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="main wrap cf"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8 main-content"> <article id="post-12946" class="post-12946 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-features category-highlights tag-dwarf-galaxies tag-galaxy-evolution tag-galaxy-interactions title-above" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <header class="post-header cf"> <div class="heading cf"> <h1 class="post-title item fn" itemprop="name"> Discovery of a Lonely Galactic Hedgehog </h1>  </div> <div class="post-meta cf"> <span class="posted-by">By <span class="reviewer" itemprop="author"><a href="https://aasnova.org/person/kerry-hensley/" title="Kerry Hensley">Kerry Hensley</a></span> </span> <span class="posted-on">on <span class="dtreviewed"> <time class="value-title" datetime="2024-11-06T12:00:02-05:00" title="2024-11-06" itemprop="datePublished">6 November 2024</time> </span> </span> <span class="subcat">Features</span> <span class="cats"> <div class="post-share"> <span class="text">Share:</span> <span class="share-links">  <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F06%2Fdiscovery-of-a-lonely-galactic-hedgehog%2F" class="fa fa-twitter" title="Tweet It"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Twitter</span></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F06%2Fdiscovery-of-a-lonely-galactic-hedgehog%2F" class="fa fa-facebook" title="Share on Facebook"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Facebook</span></a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F06%2Fdiscovery-of-a-lonely-galactic-hedgehog%2F" class="fa fa-linkedin" title="Share on LinkedIn"> <span class="visuallyhidden">LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F06%2Fdiscovery-of-a-lonely-galactic-hedgehog%2F" class="fa fa-google-plus" title="Share on Google+"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Google+</span></a> <a href="http://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F06%2Fdiscovery-of-a-lonely-galactic-hedgehog%2F" class="fa fa-reddit" title="Share on Reddit"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Reddit</span></a> <a href="mailto:?subject=Discovery%20of%20a%20Lonely%20Galactic%20Hedgehog&body=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F06%2Fdiscovery-of-a-lonely-galactic-hedgehog%2F" class="fa fa-envelope-o" title="Share via Email"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Email</span></a> </span> </div> </span> </div> <div class="featured"> <a href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/potw2311a.jpg" title="Discovery of a Lonely Galactic Hedgehog" itemprop="image"> <img width="702" height="336" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/potw2311a-702x336.jpg" class="attachment-main-slider size-main-slider wp-post-image" alt="dwarf galaxy UGCA 307" title="Discovery of a Lonely Galactic Hedgehog" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/potw2311a-702x336.jpg 702w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/potw2311a-1078x516.jpg 1078w" sizes="(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px" /> </a> <div class="caption">This Hubble Space Telescope image shows the dwarf galaxy UGCA 307, which lies about 26 million light-years away. [<a href="https://esahubble.org/images/potw2311a/">ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Tully</a>; <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>]</div> </div> </header> <div class="post-container cf"> <div class="post-content-right"> <div class="post-content description " itemprop="articleBody"> <p>Researchers have discovered an extremely isolated galaxy. The galaxy, dubbed “Hedgehog” for its small size and isolated nature, lies roughly 5.5 million light-years from the nearest galaxy group and isn’t forming any stars, making it a rarity among dwarf galaxies.</p> <div id="attachment_12969" style="width: 270px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Messier_63_Messier_94_Stellar_streams_35862393775.jpg" data-rel="lightbox-image-0" data-rl_title="Messier 63's faint, looping stellar stream, highlighted by the negative image surrounding the main body of the galaxy, is thought to be a disrupted dwarf galaxy. [Adapted from Giuseppe Donatiello / Michele Trungadi; Public Domain]" data-rl_caption="Messier 63's faint, looping stellar stream, highlighted by the negative image surrounding the main body of the galaxy, is thought to be a disrupted dwarf galaxy. [Adapted from Giuseppe Donatiello / Michele Trungadi; Public Domain]" title="Messier 63's faint, looping stellar stream, highlighted by the negative image surrounding the main body of the galaxy, is thought to be a disrupted dwarf galaxy. [Adapted from Giuseppe Donatiello / Michele Trungadi; Public Domain]"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-12969" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-12969" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Messier_63_Messier_94_Stellar_streams_35862393775-260x261.jpg" alt="Messier 63 with a stellar stream" width="260" height="261" srcset="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Messier_63_Messier_94_Stellar_streams_35862393775-260x261.jpg 260w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Messier_63_Messier_94_Stellar_streams_35862393775-702x705.jpg 702w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Messier_63_Messier_94_Stellar_streams_35862393775-768x771.jpg 768w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Messier_63_Messier_94_Stellar_streams_35862393775-600x602.jpg 600w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Messier_63_Messier_94_Stellar_streams_35862393775.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-12969" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 63’s faint, looping stellar stream, highlighted by the negative image surrounding the main body of the galaxy, is thought to be a disrupted dwarf galaxy. [Adapted from <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Messier_63,_Messier_94_Stellar_streams_(35862393775).jpg#file">Giuseppe Donatiello / Michele Trungadi</a>; <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en">Public Domain</a>]</p></div> <h4>One Is the Loneliest Number</h4> <p>Small but fascinating, dwarf galaxies are the most common type of galaxy in our universe. At most containing roughly 1% as many stars as the Milky Way, these delicate galaxies are easily disrupted by the gravitational pull of larger galaxies. These interactions can pull dwarf galaxies apart into stellar streams or put a stop to their star formation.</p> <p>Far from the influence of larger galaxies, though, isolated dwarf galaxies tend to churn out new stars; only 0.06% of isolated dwarf galaxies are quiescent, lacking new stars. When a quiescent dwarf galaxy is found far from other galaxies, astronomers attempt to puzzle out why the galaxy is dormant.</p> <h4>Discovering a Hedgehog</h4> <p>A Princeton University team led by Jiaxuan Li (<span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap">李嘉轩</span></span>) was searching for dwarf galaxies orbiting the galaxy NGC 5068 when they spotted a small galaxy cataloged as dw1322m2053. Initially flagged as a possible satellite of NGC 5068, placing it 17 million light-years away, dw1322m2053’s mottled appearance suggested that the galaxy was far closer — close enough for its irregular distribution of stars and star clusters to be faintly visible.</p> <div id="attachment_12950" style="width: 270px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr.jpg" data-rel="lightbox-image-1" data-rl_title="Three views of dw1322m2053 aka Hedgehog. The galaxy is visible at optical and near-infrared wavelengths (left and center images) but has not been detected in the ultraviolet (right image). [Li et al. 2024]" data-rl_caption="Three views of dw1322m2053 aka Hedgehog. The galaxy is visible at optical and near-infrared wavelengths (left and center images) but has not been detected in the ultraviolet (right image). [Li et al. 2024]" title="Three views of dw1322m2053 aka Hedgehog. The galaxy is visible at optical and near-infrared wavelengths (left and center images) but has not been detected in the ultraviolet (right image). [Li et al. 2024]"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-12950" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-12950" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr-260x85.jpg" alt="three views of dw1322m2053 aka the Hedgehog galaxy" width="260" height="85" srcset="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr-260x85.jpg 260w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr-702x229.jpg 702w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr-768x250.jpg 768w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr-600x196.jpg 600w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr-1536x501.jpg 1536w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr-1320x430.jpg 1320w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f1_hr.jpg 1987w" sizes="(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-12950" class="wp-caption-text">Three views of dw1322m2053 aka Hedgehog. The galaxy is visible at optical and near-infrared wavelengths (left and center images) but has not been detected in the ultraviolet (right image). Click to enlarge. [Li et al. 2024]</p></div>After performing follow-up observations with the 6.5-meter Magellan Baade Telescope, the team estimated the distance to the galaxy using the surface brightness fluctuation method. This method leverages the fact that galaxies aren’t equally bright across their surfaces, and these variations in brightness are more clearly visible in nearby galaxies than faraway ones. By calculating the pixel-to-pixel variation in surface brightness, Li’s team found that dw1322m2053 was far closer than initially thought, just 7.8 million light-years away.</p> <p>An investigation into the galaxy’s neighborhood earned it a new moniker: Hedgehog. Like its adorably prickly namesake, Hedgehog is small and solitary: there are no galaxies within 3.3 million light-years and no galaxy groups within 5.5 million light-years, making it one of the most isolated dwarf galaxies known.</p> <h4>How to Quench an Isolated Galaxy</h4> <div id="attachment_12949" style="width: 270px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f3_hr.jpg" data-rel="lightbox-image-2" data-rl_title="A view of Hedgehog's neighborhood. The galaxy's closest neighbors are shown in orange. The purple circles show the virial radii of the galaxy groups. You can view an interactive version of this figure here. [Adapted from Li et al. 2024]" data-rl_caption="A view of Hedgehog's neighborhood. The galaxy's closest neighbors are shown in orange. The purple circles show the virial radii of the galaxy groups. You can view an interactive version of this figure here. [Adapted from Li et al. 2024]" title="A view of Hedgehog's neighborhood. The galaxy's closest neighbors are shown in orange. The purple circles show the virial radii of the galaxy groups. You can view an interactive version of this figure here. [Adapted from Li et al. 2024]"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-12949" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-12949" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f3_hr-260x241.jpg" alt="location of the Hedgehog galaxy relative to other galaxies" width="260" height="241" srcset="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f3_hr-260x241.jpg 260w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f3_hr-702x652.jpg 702w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f3_hr-768x713.jpg 768w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f3_hr-600x557.jpg 600w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjlad5b59f3_hr.jpg 922w" sizes="(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-12949" class="wp-caption-text">A view of Hedgehog’s neighborhood. The galaxy’s closest neighbors are shown in orange. The purple circles show the virial radii of the galaxy groups. <a href="https://astrojacobli.github.io/research/Hedgehog/">You can view an interactive version of this figure here.</a> [Adapted from Li et al. 2024]</p></div>In addition to its remarkably remote location, Hedgehog is also notable for its lack of star formation. The galaxy is reddish with no visible star-forming regions or dark dust lanes that could harbor young stars. The lack of ultraviolet emission, as demonstrated by archival data, suggests that there has been no star formation in this galaxy in the past 100 million years — but why?</p> <p>Li’s team found that Hedgehog is most likely a backsplash galaxy, meaning that it passed close enough to a galaxy group to have its star-forming gas stripped away before being slingshotted into empty space. Given the distance to the closest galaxy group, Centaurus A, and the age of Hedgehog’s stars, this scenario is possible, but a more refined estimate of Hedgehog’s age is necessary to fully assess this possibility.</p> <p>There could be an even simpler explanation, though: with a stellar mass of just 631,000 solar masses, Hedgehog is on the small side, even for a dwarf galaxy. At such a small size, it’s possible for star formation to be halted in various ways, including by passing through a patch of intergalactic gas or by evaporating away its own star-forming gas. Future observations will help to explain why Hedgehog has been hibernating.</p> <h4>Citation</h4> <p>“Hedgehog: An Isolated Quiescent Dwarf Galaxy at 2.4 Mpc,” Jiaxuan Li et al 2024 <em>ApJL</em> <b>975</b> L23. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad5b59">doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad5b59</a></p> <div class="tagcloud"><a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/dwarf-galaxies/" rel="tag">dwarf galaxies</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/galaxy-evolution/" rel="tag">galaxy evolution</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/galaxy-interactions/" rel="tag">galaxy interactions</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="comments"> <div id="comments"> <p class="nocomments"></p> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-4 sidebar"> <ul> <li id="bunyad-related-posts-widget-2" class="widget related-posts"> <h3 class="widgettitle">RELATED HIGHLIGHTS</h3> <ul class="posts-list"> <li> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/19/new-species-of-dwarf-galaxy-in-the-galaxy-cluster-ecosystem/"><img 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