Anatomy, Thorax, Phrenic Nerves

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In the neck and upper thorax, the left phrenic nerve tracts p …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Anatomy, Thorax, Phrenic Nerves - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30020697/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="The phrenic nerve originates from the anterior rami of C3 through C5 and traverses the neck, heart, and lungs to reach the diaphragm. From its origin, the phrenic nerve descends vertically caudad and adjacent to the internal jugular vein. 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Oliver">Kaitlin A. Oliver</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ashurst+JV&cauthor_id=30020697" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="John V. Ashurst">John V. Ashurst</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Kingman Regional Medical Center" href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book-citation"> <div class="citation">In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan.</div> <div class="chapter-date"><span class="chapter-contribution-date" ><time class="chapter-contribution-date-value" datetime="2023-07-24" >2023 Jul 24</time></span><span class="chapter-date-punctuation">.</span></div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/30020697/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Kingman Regional Medical Center</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">30020697</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier bookshelf"> <span class="id-label"> Bookshelf ID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=NBK513325&id_type=Bookshelf" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="" > NBK513325 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <span class="free-label">Free Books & Documents</span> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Book</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Anatomy, Thorax, Phrenic Nerves </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Kaitlin A. Oliver</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> </div> <span class="free-label">Free Books & Documents</span> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/30020697/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="book-citation"> <div class="citation">In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan.</div> <div class="chapter-date"><span class="chapter-contribution-date" ><time class="chapter-contribution-date-value" datetime="2023-07-24" >2023 Jul 24</time></span><span class="chapter-date-punctuation">.</span></div> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Oliver+KA&cauthor_id=30020697" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kaitlin A. Oliver">Kaitlin A. Oliver</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ashurst+JV&cauthor_id=30020697" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="John V. Ashurst">John V. Ashurst</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Kingman Regional Medical Center" href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Kingman Regional Medical Center</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">30020697</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier bookshelf"> <span class="id-label"> Bookshelf ID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=NBK513325&id_type=Bookshelf" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="" > NBK513325 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/30020697/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/30020697/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Excerpt </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> The phrenic nerve originates from the anterior rami of C3 through C5 and traverses the neck, heart, and lungs to reach the diaphragm. From its origin, the phrenic nerve descends vertically caudad and adjacent to the internal jugular vein. In the neck and upper thorax, the left phrenic nerve tracts proximal to the subclavian artery. The right phrenic nerve runs superficial to the anterior scalene muscle and the second part of the right subclavian artery. In the thorax, the right and left phrenic nerve will continue to descend anteriorly to the root of the lung and between the mediastinal surface of the parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium. The right phrenic nerve passes lateral to the right atrium and right ventricle and will continue to descend through the vena cava hiatus in the diaphragmatic opening at the level of T8. The left phrenic nerve descends anterior to the pericardial sac of the left ventricle and terminates at the central tendon of the diaphragm. </p> </div> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright © 2024, StatPearls Publishing LLC. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one"><bold>Disclosure: </bold>Kaitlin Oliver declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.</p> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one"><bold>Disclosure: </bold>John Ashurst declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.</p> </div> </div> <div class="book-sections" id="book-sections"> <h2 class="title"> Sections </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Introduction </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s2" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Structure and Function </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s3" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Embryology </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s4" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Blood Supply and Lymphatics </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s5" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Muscles </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s6" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Physiologic Variants </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s7" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Surgical Considerations </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s8" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Clinical Significance </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s9" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> Review Questions </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513325/#article-32314.s11" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=book_abstract_section_link"> References </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/32644681/" ref="article_id=32644681&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="32644681" data-ga-label=""> Elevated Hemidiaphragm. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Patel PR, Bechmann S.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Patel PR, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">2023 Jul 31. 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