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Incubación dos ovos - Wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre
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</div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Incubación_das_aves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incubación_das_aves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Incubación das aves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incubación_das_aves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incubación_dos_mamíferos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incubación_dos_mamíferos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Incubación dos mamíferos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incubación_dos_mamíferos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incubación_dos_réptiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incubación_dos_réptiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Incubación dos réptiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incubación_dos_réptiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incubación_noutros_vertebrados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incubación_noutros_vertebrados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Incubación noutros vertebrados</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incubación_noutros_vertebrados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incubación_nos_invertebrados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incubación_nos_invertebrados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Incubación nos invertebrados</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incubación_nos_invertebrados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Incubación dos ovos</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 41 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkubasie" title="Inkubasie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Inkubasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="حضن البيض – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حضن البيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="কণী উমনি দিয়া – assamés" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কণী উমনি দিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubaci%C3%B3n" title="Incubación – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Incubación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubaci%C3%B3" title="Incubació – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Incubació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4-lu%C4%81ng" title="Bô-luāng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bô-luāng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkubace_vejce" title="Inkubace vejce – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Inkubace vejce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brut" title="Brut – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1rp" title="Qırp – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qırp" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_incubation" title="Egg incubation – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Egg incubation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovado" title="Kovado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kovado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubaci%C3%B3n" title="Incubación – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Incubación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haudumine" title="Haudumine – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Haudumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkubazio" title="Inkubazio – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Inkubazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="برتخمنشینی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برتخمنشینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubation_(zoologie)" title="Incubation (zoologie) – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Incubation (zoologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brieden_(f%C3%BBgels)" title="Brieden (fûgels) – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brieden (fûgels)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="דגירה – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="ऊष्मायन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्मायन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouve" title="Kouve – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kouve" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkubasi_telur" title="Inkubasi telur – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inkubasi telur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cova_delle_uova" title="Cova delle uova – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cova delle uova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azdal" title="Azdal – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azdal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Къишын – cabardiano" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къишын" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Квачење – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Квачење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengeraman_telur" title="Pengeraman telur – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengeraman telur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamaukhu" title="Mamaukhu – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Mamaukhu" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broeden" title="Broeden – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Broeden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruging" title="Ruging – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ruging" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkubacja_jaj" title="Inkubacja jaj – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inkubacja jaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incuba%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Incubação – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Incubação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clocire" title="Clocire – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clocire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8F%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Инкубация яиц – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инкубация яиц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubation" title="Incubation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Incubation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="முட்டை அடைகாக்கப்படுதல் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முட்டை அடைகாக்கப்படுதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulu%C3%A7ka_(embriyoloji)" title="Kuluçka (embriyoloji) – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuluçka (embriyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%8F%D1%94%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Висиджування яєць – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Висиджування яєць" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A4p_tr%E1%BB%A9ng" title="Ấp trứng – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ấp trứng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covisse" title="Covisse – valón" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Covisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B5%E5%8C%96" title="孵化 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孵化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%A2%E8%9B%8B" title="菢蛋 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菢蛋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q954226#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">agochar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Female_wild_Mallard_goes_broody.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Female_wild_Mallard_goes_broody.jpg/220px-Female_wild_Mallard_goes_broody.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Female_wild_Mallard_goes_broody.jpg/330px-Female_wild_Mallard_goes_broody.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Female_wild_Mallard_goes_broody.jpg/440px-Female_wild_Mallard_goes_broody.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Unha femia de pato incubando os seus ovos</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>incubación</b>, ou de xeito máis informal <b>chocado dos ovos</b>, é o proceso utilizado polos animais que poñen <a href="/wiki/Ovo_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Ovo (bioloxía)">ovos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ov%C3%ADparo" title="Ovíparo">ovíparos</a>) para chocalos, xeralmente sentando sobre eles. Tamén se chama incubación o desenvolvemento do <a href="/wiki/Embri%C3%B3n" title="Embrión">embrión</a> dentro do ovo. A incubación pode ter lugar pola temperatura ambiental ou pola temperatura do corpo dos proxenitores (ás veces a nai, outras veces nai e pai); isto último é característico esencialmente das aves, e este comportamento en moitas razas de aves de curral foi potenciado e seleccionado por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cruzamento_selectivo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cruzamento selectivo (a páxina aínda non existe)">cruzamento selectivo</a> para incrementar a produción.<sup id="cite_ref-ekarius_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekarius-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> En moitas especies de réptiles a temperatura de incubación <a href="/wiki/Determinaci%C3%B3n_do_sexo_pola_temperatura" title="Determinación do sexo pola temperatura">determina o sexo</a> das crías. Nas aves, ao contrario, o xénero das crías está determinado xeneticamente. En moitas especies cómpre unha temperatura determinada constante para que teña éxito a incubación.<sup id="cite_ref-ekarius_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekarius-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incubación_das_aves"><span id="Incubaci.C3.B3n_das_aves"></span>Incubación das aves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Incubación das aves»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Incubación das aves"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Entre as aves hai unha gran variedade de hábitos de incubación. Como as aves son especies de sangue quente, a súa calor corporal para chocar os ovos ten unha <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> constante, aínda que varios grupos, como os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meg%C3%A1podo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megápodo (a páxina aínda non existe)">megápodos</a>, utilizan a calor xerada pola descomposición do material vexetal dos seus niños, que son unha especie de morea xigante de <a href="/wiki/Compost" class="mw-redirect" title="Compost">compost</a>. Ademais o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dromas_ardeola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dromas ardeola (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dromas ardeola</a></i> utiliza parcialmente a calor do sol para a incubación.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> As <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pterocles_namaqua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pterocles namaqua (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pterocles namaqua</a></i> dos desertos do sur de <a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica" title="África">África</a>, necesitan manter os seus ovos frescos durante o período do día de máis intensa calor, polo que se poñen de pé ante o niño para darlles sombra. A humidade é tamén crítica, porque se o aire é moi seco o ovo perderá moita auga, o que fará difícil ou imposible que o ovo chegue a eclosionar. A medida que avanza a incubación, os ovos normalmente se fan máis lixeiros, e o espazo con aire do seu interior normalmente se fai maior, debido á evaporación que tivo lugar no ovo. Nos sitios moi fríos os ovos pódense conxelar, polo que os <a href="/wiki/Ping%C3%BC%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingüín">pingüíns</a> os manteñen nun repregamento da barriga entre as súas patas, e os patos <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ider" class="mw-redirect" title="Éider">éider</a> forran o piso do seu niño con <a href="/wiki/Penuxe" title="Penuxe">penuxe</a> e non os deixan moito tempo sen estar sentados sobre eles. </p><p>Nas especies que incuban, o traballo repártese de forma diferente entre os sexos. Posiblemente o padrón máis común é que a femia realice a maior parte da incubación, como, por exemplo, no <a href="/wiki/Canario" title="Canario">canario</a> doméstico e no paxaro <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copsychus_fulicatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copsychus fulicatus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Copsychus fulicatus</a></i>, ou que realice a maior parte da incubación, como nos <a href="/wiki/Falc%C3%B3n" title="Falcón">falcóns</a>. Nalgunhas especies como a grúa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grus_americana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grus americana (a páxina aínda non existe)">Grus americana</a></i>, o macho e a femia fan quendas para chocar os ovos. Noutras, como os <a href="/wiki/Casuario" title="Casuario">casuarios</a>, só incuba o macho. O macho da píllara <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_montanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charadrius montanus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Charadrius montanus</a></i> é o que incuba a primeira posta da femia, pero se esta fai unha segunda posta, é ela a que a incuba. No <a href="/wiki/Hoatz%C3%ADn" title="Hoatzín">hoatzín</a>, algúns individuos novos, xeralmene machos, axudan aos seus pais a incubar as seguintes postas. </p><p>O período de incubación é o tempo desde que empeza unha incubación ininterrompida ata a emerxencia das crías, e varía de 11 días (nalgúns pequenos <a href="/wiki/Passeriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeriformes">Passeriformes</a> como os cucos <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coccyzus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coccyzus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Coccyzus</a></i>) ata 85 días (no <a href="/wiki/Diomedea_exulans" class="mw-redirect" title="Diomedea exulans">albatros</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apterix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apterix (a páxina aínda non existe)">kiwi</a>). Nestes últimos, a incubación é interrompida; o maior período ininterrompido é de 64 a 67 días no <a href="/wiki/Ping%C3%BC%C3%ADn_emperador" title="Pingüín emperador">pingüín emperador</a>. En xeral as aves máis pequenas tenden a eclosionar antes, pero hai excepcións, e as aves que aniñan en cavidades adoitan ter períodos de incubación máis longos. Pode ser un proceso moi esixente enerxeticamente; por exemplo, os albatros adultos perden uns 83 g do seu peso corporal ao día.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Os ovos do megápodo tardan en eclosionar de 49 a 90 días dependendo da temperatura ambiental e a da morea onde pon os ovos. Incluso noutras aves a temperatura ambiente pode levar á variación no período de incubación.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Normalmente, por suposto, os ovos das aves son incubados fóra do corpo, pero rexistrouse un raro caso (anómalo) no que un ovo se incubou enteiramente dentro do corpo dunha galiña, e o pitiño saíu da nai sen cuncha, producindo lesións internas na nai que levaron á morte desta.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O desenvolvemento do embrión permanece suspendido ata que comeza a incubación. Os ovos acabados de poñer de aves de curral domésticas, da avestruz e doutras especies poden ser almacenados unhas dúas semanas cando se manteñen por debaixo de 5 °C. Observáronse períodos máis prolongados de suspensión nalgunhas aves mariñas.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Algunhas especies empezan a incubación co primeiro ovo, facendo que as crías eclosionen en distintos momentos; outras empezan a incubar unha vez que poñen o segundo ovo, polo que o terceiro polo será máis pequeno e máis vulnerable ante a escaseza de comida ou a loita cos irmáns. Algunhas empezan a incubar despois de posto o terceiro ovo, polo que as crías eclosionan simultaneamente.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Períodos de incubación dalgunhas aves: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">Ave</a> </th> <th>Período de incubación (días) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gali%C3%B1a" title="Galiña">Galiña</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">28, en <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairina_moschata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cairina moschata (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cairina moschata</a></i> 35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canario" title="Canario">Canario</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ganso" title="Ganso">Ganso</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">28-33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Avestruz" title="Avestruz">Avestruz</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fais%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisán">Faisán</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">24-26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pomba" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomba">Pomba</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">16-19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coturnix_japonica" title="Coturnix japonica">Paspallás</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">16–18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colinus_virginianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colinus virginianus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Colín</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">23-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cisne" title="Cisne">Cisne</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavo" title="Pavo">Pavo</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ara_macao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ara macao (a páxina aínda non existe)">Arara</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">26 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incubación_dos_mamíferos"><span id="Incubaci.C3.B3n_dos_mam.C3.ADferos"></span>Incubación dos mamíferos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Incubación dos mamíferos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Incubación dos mamíferos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os únicos mamíferos <a href="/wiki/Ov%C3%ADparo" title="Ovíparo">ovíparos</a> son os <a href="/wiki/Ornitorrinco" title="Ornitorrinco">ornitorrincos</a> e os <a href="/wiki/Equidna" title="Equidna">equidnas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>. O mellor exemplo é o ornitorrinco, cuxos ovos inician o seu desenvolvemento no <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atero" title="Útero">útero</a> durante uns 28 días, despois poñen o ovo e incúbano no exterior durante 10 días máis (en contraste cun ovo de galiña, que só pasa 1 día no tracto xenital seguido doutros 21 días de incubación externa).<sup id="cite_ref-EC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Despois de poñer os ovos, a femia enróscase aredor deles. O período de incubación divídese en tres fases. Na primeira fase, o <a href="/wiki/Embri%C3%B3n" title="Embrión">embrión</a> non ten órganos funcionais e depende do <a href="/wiki/Saco_vitelino" title="Saco vitelino">saco vitelino</a> para sustentarse. A xema absórbese a medida que se desenvolve a cría.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Durante a segunda fase, desenvólvense os dedos. Na última fase, aparece o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dente_do_ovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dente do ovo (a páxina aínda non existe)">dente do ovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RS2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS2-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incubación_dos_réptiles"><span id="Incubaci.C3.B3n_dos_r.C3.A9ptiles"></span>Incubación dos réptiles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Incubación dos réptiles»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Incubación dos réptiles"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Entre os réptiles os métodos de incubación varían moito. A maioría dependen para a incubación da temperatura ambiental ou do seu niño, pero uns poucos quentan os ovos co seu corpo. </p><p>Varias especies de <a href="/wiki/Tartarugas_mari%C3%B1as" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartarugas mariñas">tartarugas mariñas</a> enterran os ovos na area das praias, que lles dá protección e unha temperatura constante para o niño. </p><p>Algunhas <a href="/wiki/Serpe" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpe">serpes</a> poden poñer ovos en buratos comunais, onde un gran número de adultos manteñen os ovos quentes. Algunhas <a href="/wiki/Pit%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitón">pitóns</a> sitúanse sobre os ovos para darlles calor, gastando moita enerxía en manter quente o seu corpo. A cobra real (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophiophagus_hannah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophiophagus hannah (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ophiophagus hannah</a></i>) incuba en niños con forma de morea de follas parecidos aos dalgúns <a href="/wiki/Crocodilianos" title="Crocodilianos">crocodilianos</a>. </p><p>Os <a href="/wiki/Crocodilianos" title="Crocodilianos">crocodilianos</a> poñen os ovos en niños con forma de moreas de vexetación en descomposición e terra ou póñenos en buratos que escavan no chan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incubación_noutros_vertebrados"><span id="Incubaci.C3.B3n_noutros_vertebrados"></span>Incubación noutros vertebrados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Incubación noutros vertebrados»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Incubación noutros vertebrados"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os <a href="/wiki/Peixe" class="mw-redirect" title="Peixe">peixes</a> xeralmente non incuban os ovos, pero algunhas especies os coidan e oxixenan continuamente. Algunhas especies gardan os ovos na boca (sen comelos) ata que se desenvolven e eclosionan. O <a href="/wiki/Cabali%C3%B1o_de_mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabaliño de mar">cabaliño de mar</a> macho incuba os ovos nunha bolsa especial onde a femia lle pon os ovos. </p><p>Os <a href="/wiki/Anfibio" class="mw-redirect" title="Anfibio">anfibios</a> xeralmente soltan os ovos na auga sen incubalos, pero algunhas especies si o fan. A femia da píntega <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensatina_eschscholtzii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensatina eschscholtzii (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ensatina eschscholtzii</a></i> enróscase sobre a súa posta de ovos e dálle masaxes aos ovos coa súa gorxa pulsante.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Algunhas ras acuáticas como o sapo de Suriname (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipa_pipa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pipa pipa (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pipa pipa</a></i>) teñen bolsas na pel do seu dorso nas cales se insiren os ovos. Outras ras tropicais da familia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemiphractidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemiphractidae (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hemiphractidae</a> tamén teñen bolsas para o desenvolvemento dos ovos, nalgunhas especies desenvólvense directamente ata ras xuvenís e noutras ata a fase de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1gado" title="Cágado">cágados</a>, que son depositados en pequenos <a href="/wiki/Corpo_de_auga" title="Corpo de auga">corpos de auga</a> para continuaren alí o seu desenvolvemento.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> O macho da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhinoderma_darwinii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhinoderma darwinii (a páxina aínda non existe)">ra de Darwin</a> leva os ovos arredor da súa boca ata a <a href="/wiki/Metamorfose" title="Metamorfose">metamorfose</a>, e unha ra australiana (<i><a href="/wiki/Rheobatrachus_silus" title="Rheobatrachus silus">Rheobatrachus silus</a></i>) xa extinta que incubaba no estómago tragaba os ovos, que se desenvolven no seu estómago.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Sapo_parteiro_com%C3%BAn" title="Sapo parteiro común">sapo parteiro común</a> macho leva os ovos que puxo a femia entre as súas patas durante un mes e despois sóltaos na auga para que saian as larvas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incubación_nos_invertebrados"><span id="Incubaci.C3.B3n_nos_invertebrados"></span>Incubación nos invertebrados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Incubación nos invertebrados»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Incubación nos invertebrados"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Algúns <a href="/wiki/Invertebrado" title="Invertebrado">invertebrados</a> incuban os ovos fertilizados cando os reteñen no seu interior, xeralmente no corpo da femia. Isto ocorre nalgúns <a href="/wiki/Cnidarios" title="Cnidarios">cnidarios</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anemone_de_mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Anemone de mar">anemones de mar</a> e <a href="/wiki/Coral_(animal)" title="Coral (animal)">corais</a>), uns poucos <a href="/wiki/Moluscos" title="Moluscos">moluscos</a> como os <a href="/wiki/Quit%C3%B3ns" class="mw-redirect" title="Quitóns">quitóns</a>, algúns <a href="/wiki/Gaster%C3%B3podos" title="Gasterópodos">gasterópodos</a>, algúns <a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B3podos" title="Cefalópodos">cefalópodos</a>, algúns <a href="/wiki/Bivalvos" title="Bivalvos">bivalvos</a>, moitos <a href="/wiki/Artr%C3%B3podos" title="Artrópodos">artrópodos</a>, algúns <a href="/wiki/Endoprocto" class="mw-redirect" title="Endoprocto">endoproctos</a>, algúns <a href="/wiki/Braqui%C3%B3podo" class="mw-redirect" title="Braquiópodo">braquiópodos</a>, algúns <a href="/wiki/Briozoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Briozoo">briozoos</a>, e algunhas <a href="/wiki/Estrela_de_mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrela de mar">estrelas de mar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ekarius-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ekarius_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ekarius_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ekarius, Carol (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storeysillustrat0000ekar"><i>Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds</i></a>. 210 MAS MoCA Way, North Adams MA 01247: Storey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-58017-667-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-58017-667-5">978-1-58017-667-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.aulast=Ekarius&rft.btitle=Storey%27s+Illustrated+Guide+to+Poultry+Breeds&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-58017-667-5&rft.place=210+MAS+MoCA+Way%2C+North+Adams+MA+01247&rft.pub=Storey+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoreysillustrat0000ekar&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">De Marchi, G., Chiozzi, G., Fasola, M. 2008 Solar incubation cuts down parental care in a burrow nesting tropical shorebird, the crab plover Dromas ardeola. Journal of Avian Biology 39 (5):484–486</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Warham, J. (1990) <i>The Petrels - Their Ecology and Breeding Systems</i> London:Academic Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pettingill, OS Jr. <i>Ornithology in Laboratory and field</i> (4 ed.). Burgess Publishing Company. pp. 357–360.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.au=Pettingill%2C+OS+Jr&rft.btitle=Ornithology+in+Laboratory+and+field&rft.edition=4&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=357-360&rft.pub=Burgess+Publishing+Company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/17769677">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Eggless' chick laid by hen in Sri Lanka"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_News_Online&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC News Online (a páxina aínda non existe)">BBC News Online</a>. 2012-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2012-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.btitle=%27Eggless%27+chick+laid+by+hen+in+Sri+Lanka&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2F17769677&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Divoky, G.J.; Harter, B.B. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321182531/http://www.cooperisland.org/Files/Divoky%20and%20Harter%202010.pdf">"Supernormal delay in hatching, embryo cold tolerance, and egg-fostering in the Black Guillemot <i>Cepphus grylle</i>"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Marine Ornithology</i> <b>38</b>: 7–10. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperisland.org/Files/Divoky%20and%20Harter%202010.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 21 de marzo de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de agosto de 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.atitle=Supernormal+delay+in+hatching%2C+embryo+cold+tolerance%2C+and+egg-fostering+in+the+Black+Guillemot+Cepphus+grylle&rft.au=Divoky%2C+G.J.&rft.au=Harter%2C+B.B.&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ornithology&rft.pages=7-10&rft.volume=38&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperisland.org%2FFiles%2FDivoky%2520and%2520Harter%25202010.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wiebe, KL; Wiehn J; E Korpimaki (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728021615/http://vanha.sci.utu.fi/biologia/ekologia/pdf/Wiebe_etal_AnimBehav-98.pdf">"The onset of incubation in birds: can females control hatching patterns?"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Anim. Behav.</i> <b>55</b>: 1043–1052. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fanbe.1997.0660">10.1006/anbe.1997.0660</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vanha.sci.utu.fi/biologia/ekologia/pdf/Wiebe_etal_AnimBehav-98.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 28 de xullo de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de agosto de 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.atitle=The+onset+of+incubation+in+birds%3A+can+females+control+hatching+patterns%3F&rft.au=E+Korpimaki&rft.au=Wiebe%2C+KL&rft.au=Wiehn+J&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anim.+Behav.&rft.pages=1043-1052&rft.volume=55&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvanha.sci.utu.fi%2Fbiologia%2Fekologia%2Fpdf%2FWiebe_etal_AnimBehav-98.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fanbe.1997.0660&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EC_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Erica Cromer (2004-04-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090313030236/http://www.biology.iastate.edu/InternationalTrips/1Australia/04papers/CromerMonotrRepro.htm">"Monotreme Reproductive Biology and Behavior"</a>. Iowa State University. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biology.iastate.edu/InternationalTrips/1Australia/04papers/CromerMonotrRepro.htm">o orixinal</a> o 13 de marzo de 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2009-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.au=Erica+Cromer&rft.btitle=Monotreme+Reproductive+Biology+and+Behavior&rft.date=2004-04-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Iowa+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology.iastate.edu%2FInternationalTrips%2F1Australia%2F04papers%2FCromerMonotrRepro.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404151303/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s332655.htm">"Ockhams Razor"</a>. <i>The Puzzling Platypus</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s332655.htm">o orixinal</a> o 04 de abril de 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2006-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.atitle=Ockhams+Razor&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Puzzling+Platypus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Frn%2Fscience%2Fockham%2Fstories%2Fs332655.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RS2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RS2_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Paul R. Manger; Leslie S. Hall; John D. Pettigrew (1998-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692310">"The development of the external features of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences</i> (The Royal Society) <b>353</b> (1372): 1115–1125. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692310">1692310</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9720109">9720109</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.1998.0270">10.1098/rstb.1998.0270</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.atitle=The+development+of+the+external+features+of+the+platypus+%28Ornithorhynchus+anatinus%29&rft.au=John+D.+Pettigrew&rft.au=Leslie+S.+Hall&rft.au=Paul+R.+Manger&rft.date=1998-07-29&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1372&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.pages=1115-1125&rft.volume=353&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1692310&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1692310&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.1998.0270&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9720109&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_C._Stebbins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert C. Stebbins (a páxina aínda non existe)">Stebbins, Robert C.</a>; Cohen, Nathan W. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000steb"><i>A Natural History of Amphibians</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000steb/page/196">196</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-691-03281-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-691-03281-8">978-0-691-03281-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Nathan+W.&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft.aulast=Stebbins&rft.btitle=A+Natural+History+of+Amphibians&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-03281-8&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturalhistoryof0000steb&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_C._Stebbins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert C. Stebbins (a páxina aínda non existe)">Stebbins, Robert C.</a>; Cohen, Nathan W. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000steb"><i>A Natural History of Amphibians</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000steb/page/200">200</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-691-03281-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-691-03281-8">978-0-691-03281-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Nathan+W.&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft.aulast=Stebbins&rft.btitle=A+Natural+History+of+Amphibians&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-03281-8&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturalhistoryof0000steb&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_C._Stebbins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert C. Stebbins (a páxina aínda non existe)">Stebbins, Robert C.</a>; Cohen, Nathan W. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000steb"><i>A Natural History of Amphibians</i></a>. Princeton University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000steb/page/202">202</a>–204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-691-03281-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-691-03281-8">978-0-691-03281-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Nathan+W.&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft.aulast=Stebbins&rft.btitle=A+Natural+History+of+Amphibians&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-03281-8&rft.pages=202-204&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturalhistoryof0000steb&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruppert-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ruppert_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). <i>Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition</i>. Cengage Learning. pp. 62, 123, 297, 337, 364, 398, 811, 828, 887. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-81-315-0104-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-81-315-0104-7">978-81-315-0104-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIncubaci%C3%B3n+dos+ovos&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Robert+D.&rft.au=Fox%2C+Richard%2C+S.&rft.aufirst=Edward+E.&rft.aulast=Ruppert&rft.btitle=Invertebrate+Zoology%2C+7th+edition&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-81-315-0104-7&rft.pages=62%2C+123%2C+297%2C+337%2C+364%2C+398%2C+811%2C+828%2C+887&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia sobre:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Avian_incubation" class="extiw" title="commons:Avian incubation">Incubación dos ovos</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Perrins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Perrins (a páxina aínda non existe)">Christopher Perrins</a> (editor), <i>Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds</i>, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/1552977773" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-55297-777-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubaci%C3%B3n_dos_ovos&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Scarlet macaw from Guide to macaws <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0958710201" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-9587102-0-1</a></li> <li>Táboas de períodos de incubación en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extension.psu.edu/animals/poultry/topics/general-educational-material/incubation/incubation-period-of-other-species">PennState Extension</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731060649/http://extension.psu.edu/animals/poultry/topics/general-educational-material/incubation/incubation-period-of-other-species">Arquivado</a> 31 de xullo de 2017 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954226" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q954226">Q954226</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/incubation-of-eggs">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4146754-1">4146754-1</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/73152493">73152493</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐68db4b6789‐l7xvb Cached time: 20241126021811 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.198 seconds Real time usage: 0.506 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 877/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27384/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 192/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17793/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.109/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3915920/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 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