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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=As+%28vulkaan%29" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=As+%28vulkaan%29" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=As+%28vulkaan%29" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vulkaanstof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vulkaanstof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vulkaanstof</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vulkaanstof-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vulkaanstof-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vulkaanstof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gevolgen_voor_het_klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gevolgen_voor_het_klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gevolgen voor het klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gevolgen_voor_het_klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afbeeldingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afbeeldingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Afbeeldingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afbeeldingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">As (vulkaan)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 55 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="رماد بركاني – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رماد بركاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan_k%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Vulkan külü – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vulkan külü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Вулканічны попел – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вулканічны попел" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Вулканична пепел – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вулканична пепел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="আগ্নেয়ভস্ম – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আগ্নেয়ভস্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cendra_volc%C3%A0nica" title="Cendra volcànica – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cendra volcànica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="ТӀапломан чим – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ТӀапломан чим" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sope%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_popel" title="Sopečný popel – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sopečný popel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkansk_aske" title="Vulkansk aske – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vulkansk aske" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkanische_Asche" title="Vulkanische Asche – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vulkanische Asche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Volcanic ash" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkana_cindro" title="Vulkana cindro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vulkana cindro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceniza_volc%C3%A1nica" title="Ceniza volcánica – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ceniza volcánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaaniline_tuhk" title="Vulkaaniline tuhk – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vulkaaniline tuhk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumendi-errauts" title="Sumendi-errauts – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sumendi-errauts" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="خاکستر آتشفشانی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاکستر آتشفشانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaaninen_tuhka" title="Vulkaaninen tuhka – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vulkaaninen tuhka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cendres_volcaniques" title="Cendres volcaniques – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cendres volcaniques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokar_dutse_mai_aman_wuta" title="Tokar dutse mai aman wuta – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tokar dutse mai aman wuta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%99" title="אפר געשי – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפר געשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkanski_pepeo" title="Vulkanski pepeo – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vulkanski pepeo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulk%C3%A1ni_hamu" title="Vulkáni hamu – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vulkáni hamu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Հրաբխային մոխիր – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրաբխային մոխիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_vulkanik" title="Abu vulkanik – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abu vulkanik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldfjallaaska" title="Eldfjallaaska – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eldfjallaaska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenere_vulcanica" title="Cenere vulcanica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cenere vulcanica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B0" title="火山灰 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="火山灰" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awu_vulkanik" title="Awu vulkanik – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Awu vulkanik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ვულკანური ფერფლი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვულკანური ფერფლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%EC%9E%AC" title="화산재 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화산재" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaniniai_pelenai" title="Vulkaniniai pelenai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vulkaniniai pelenai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awu_vulkanik" title="Awu vulkanik – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Awu vulkanik" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Вулкански пепел – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вулкански пепел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അഗ്നിപർവ്വതച്ചാരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഗ്നിപർവ്വതച്ചാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96" title="ज्वालामुखीय राख – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्वालामुखीय राख" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_gunung_berapi" title="Abu gunung berapi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abu gunung berapi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asch_(Vulkan)" title="Asch (Vulkan) – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Asch (Vulkan)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkansk_oske" title="Vulkansk oske – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vulkansk oske" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkansk_aske" title="Vulkansk aske – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vulkansk aske" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popi%C3%B3%C5%82_wulkaniczny" title="Popiół wulkaniczny – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Popiół wulkaniczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinza_vulc%C3%A2nica" title="Cinza vulcânica – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cinza vulcânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenu%C8%99%C4%83_vulcanic%C4%83" title="Cenușă vulcanică – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cenușă vulcanică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Вулканический пепел – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вулканический пепел" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkanski_pepeo" title="Vulkanski pepeo – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vulkanski pepeo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94" title="යමහල් අළු – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යමහල් අළු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkanick%C3%BD_popol" title="Vulkanický popol – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vulkanický popol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkanski_pepel" title="Vulkanski pepel – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vulkanski pepel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="Вулкански пепео – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вулкански пепео" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkanisk_aska" title="Vulkanisk aska – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vulkanisk aska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F" title="เถ้าภูเขาไฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เถ้าภูเขาไฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abo_ng_bulkan" title="Abo ng bulkan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abo ng bulkan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkanik_k%C3%BCl" title="Volkanik kül – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Volkanik kül" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Вулканічний попіл – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=As_%28vulkaan%29&id=63904085&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAs_%28vulkaan%29"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAs_%28vulkaan%29"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=As+%28vulkaan%29"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=As_%28vulkaan%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg/250px-MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg/375px-MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg/500px-MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Eruptie van <a href="/wiki/Mount_Cleveland_(Chuginadak)" title="Mount Cleveland (Chuginadak)">Mount Cleveland</a> met aspluim</figcaption></figure> <p><b>As</b> is in de <a href="/wiki/Vulkanologie" title="Vulkanologie">vulkanologie</a> alle <a href="/wiki/Tefra" title="Tefra">tefra</a> (vulkanische brokstukken) kleiner dan 2 <a href="/wiki/Millimeter" title="Millimeter">mm</a>. Vulkanische as heeft niets te maken met de <a href="/wiki/As_(verbranding)" title="As (verbranding)">as die ontstaat bij een vuur</a>, het is stof - zowel vloeibaar als vast - dat bij een <a href="/wiki/Eruptie" title="Eruptie">vulkaanuitbarsting</a> de lucht in wordt geblazen. </p><p>Een vulkaan kan tijdens <a href="/wiki/Explosieve_eruptie" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosieve eruptie">explosieve erupties</a> grote hoeveelheden brokstukken (<a href="/wiki/Klast" title="Klast">klasten</a>) en stof uitwerpen, die <a href="/wiki/Tefra" title="Tefra">tefra</a> worden genoemd. De grootste brokstukken heten <a href="/wiki/Vulkanische_bom" title="Vulkanische bom">vulkanische bommen</a>, kleinere klasten worden <a href="/wiki/Lapilli" title="Lapilli">lapilli</a> genoemd, en het fijnste materiaal is vulkanische as. </p><p>Vulkanische as is gevaarlijk voor de luchtvaart, omdat de kleine deeltjes <a href="/wiki/Straalmotor" title="Straalmotor">straalmotoren</a> kunnen verstoppen zodat ze uitvallen. Daarom worden tegenwoordig aswolken vermeden door vliegtuigen. In april 2010 zorgde de uitbarsting van de IJslandse vulkaan <a href="/wiki/Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull" title="Eyjafjallajökull">Eyjafjallajökull</a> voor een grote <a href="/wiki/Luchtvaartverstoringen_door_vulkaanuitbarsting_onder_de_Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull_2010" title="Luchtvaartverstoringen door vulkaanuitbarsting onder de Eyjafjallajökull 2010">verstoring van het luchtverkeer in Europa</a>. Verschillende dagen was in tientallen landen het luchtruim volledig gesloten. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vulkaanstof">Vulkaanstof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vulkaanstof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vulkaanstof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij een zeer krachtige vulkaanuitbarsting wordt vulkaanstof uitgestoten, een mengsel van <a href="/wiki/Zwavelzuur" title="Zwavelzuur">zwavelzuur</a> en zwavelverbindingen dat tot 15 <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" title="Kilometer">kilometer</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Lucht" title="Lucht">lucht</a> kan worden geworpen.<sup id="cite_ref-knmi.nl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knmi.nl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vulkaanuitbarstingen die zo krachtig zijn dat er vulkaanstof kan worden geworpen komen alleen voor in <a href="/wiki/Tropen_(geografie)" title="Tropen (geografie)">tropische gebieden</a>, niet in <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a>. Een wolk vulkaanstof bestaat voornamelijk uit zwavelzuur en zwavelverbindingen en kan enkele jaren in de lucht blijven hangen, gedurende die periode kan dit van invloed zijn op het weer en het <a href="/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat">klimaat</a> in de hele <a href="/wiki/Aarde_(planeet)" title="Aarde (planeet)">wereld</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gevolgen_voor_het_klimaat">Gevolgen voor het klimaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gevolgen voor het klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gevolgen voor het klimaat"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Vulkanische_winter" title="Vulkanische winter">Vulkanische winter</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Vulkanen op <a href="/wiki/Tropen_(geografie)" title="Tropen (geografie)">tropische</a> breedten kunnen het klimaat beïnvloeden. Dit geldt alleen voor zeer krachtige uitbarstingen waarbij het vulkaanstof de <a href="/wiki/Stratosfeer" title="Stratosfeer">stratosfeer</a> bereikt op meer dan 10 tot 15 kilometer hoogte. Deze vulkaanuitbarstingen hebben een langdurig <a href="/wiki/Kou_(temperatuur)" title="Kou (temperatuur)">koelend</a> effect. De afkoeling wordt veroorzaakt doordat vulkanisch stof hoog in de <a href="/wiki/Atmosfeer_(astronomie)" title="Atmosfeer (astronomie)">atmosfeer</a> (de stratosfeer) <a href="/wiki/Zonlicht" title="Zonlicht">zonlicht</a> tegenhoudt. <a href="/wiki/Luchtstroming" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchtstroming">Luchtstromingen</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Tropen_(geografie)" title="Tropen (geografie)">tropen</a> brengen de stof van <a href="/wiki/Eruptie" title="Eruptie">vulkaanerupties</a> verder omhoog en verspreiden het over de hele wereld. Vulkaanas van vulkanen buiten de <a href="/wiki/Tropen_(geografie)" title="Tropen (geografie)">tropen</a> waait naar beneden en verdwijnt snel met neerslag. </p><p>Vulkaanstof in de <a href="/wiki/Stratosfeer" title="Stratosfeer">stratosfee</a>r kan, naast een temperatuurdaling, ook een rol spelen in de afbraak van ozon. In sommige winters zijn boven het <a href="/wiki/Noordelijk_halfrond" title="Noordelijk halfrond">noordelijk halfrond</a> lage ozonhoeveelheden gemeten. Deze lage metingen kunnen voornamelijk het gevolg zijn geweest van uitbarstingen van de <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Pinatubo">Pinatubo</a>. Ook kan door de stofwolk kan de intensiteit van het zonlicht tijdelijk wat afnemen, waardoor de aarde iets afkoelt. Uit onderzoek naar de gevolgen van een aantal zeer explosieve erupties is gebleken dat de gemiddelde wereldtemperatuur in de eerste jaren na een zeer explosieve vulkaanuitbarsting ongeveer 0,3 graden daalde. De normale jaarlijkse variatie van de temperatuur kan veel groter zijn dan de geringe temperatuurafname veroorzaakt door een vulkaanuitbarsting. Bovendien zijn de temperatuurvariaties op de wereld het gevolg van een grote verscheidenheid aan processen. Deze kunnen van plaats tot plaats sterk verschillen. De invloed van een <a href="/wiki/Eruptie" title="Eruptie">vulkaanuitbarsting</a> op het <a href="/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat">klimaat</a> voor een bepaald gebied is daarom moeilijk vast te stellen en nog moeilijker te voorspellen.<sup id="cite_ref-knmi.nl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knmi.nl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afbeeldingen">Afbeeldingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Afbeeldingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Afbeeldingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vulkanische as"><img alt="Vulkanische as" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg/180px-MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg/270px-MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg/360px-MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vulkanische as</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Micrograph_of_Rockland_Ash.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vulkanische asdeeltjes (sterk vergroot)"><img alt="Vulkanische asdeeltjes (sterk vergroot)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Micrograph_of_Rockland_Ash.jpg/180px-Micrograph_of_Rockland_Ash.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Micrograph_of_Rockland_Ash.jpg/270px-Micrograph_of_Rockland_Ash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Micrograph_of_Rockland_Ash.jpg/360px-Micrograph_of_Rockland_Ash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="267" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vulkanische asdeeltjes (sterk vergroot)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ashfall_from_Pinatubo,_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="As van Mount Pinatubo, uitbarsting in 1991"><img alt="As van Mount Pinatubo, uitbarsting in 1991" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ashfall_from_Pinatubo%2C_1991.jpg/180px-Ashfall_from_Pinatubo%2C_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ashfall_from_Pinatubo%2C_1991.jpg/270px-Ashfall_from_Pinatubo%2C_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ashfall_from_Pinatubo%2C_1991.jpg/360px-Ashfall_from_Pinatubo%2C_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="475" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">As van <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Pinatubo">Mount Pinatubo</a>, uitbarsting in 1991</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:WeibernV.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tefralagen in een groeve in de Eifel. De wand is 30 meter hoog"><img alt="Tefralagen in een groeve in de Eifel. De wand is 30 meter hoog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/WeibernV.JPG/180px-WeibernV.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/WeibernV.JPG/270px-WeibernV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/WeibernV.JPG/360px-WeibernV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tefralagen in een groeve in de <a href="/wiki/Eifel" title="Eifel">Eifel</a>. De wand is 30 meter hoog</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufsteen" title="Tufsteen">Tufsteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastisch_gesteente" title="Pyroclastisch gesteente">Pyroclastisch gesteente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimaatverandering" title="Klimaatverandering">Klimaatverandering</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volcanic_ash#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volcanic ash">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volcanic_ash#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volcanic ash">Volcanic ash</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-knmi.nl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-knmi.nl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knmi.nl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/uitleg/vulkaanstof">KNMI - Vulkaanstof</a>. <i>www.knmi.nl</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2018-12-12">12 december 2018</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&oldid=63904085">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=As_(vulkaan)&oldid=63904085</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Vulkanologie" title="Categorie:Vulkanologie">Vulkanologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geologie" title="Categorie:Geologie">Geologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Klimaatverandering" title="Categorie:Klimaatverandering">Klimaatverandering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Klimaat" title="Categorie:Klimaat">Klimaat</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 1 mrt 2023 om 11:44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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