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id="toc-Minister_of_Citizenship,_Immigration_and_Multiculturalism_(2008–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Citizenship,_Immigration_and_Multiculturalism_(2008–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism (2008–2013) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Minister_of_Citizenship,_Immigration_and_Multiculturalism_(2008–2013)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism (2008–2013) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Citizenship,_Immigration_and_Multiculturalism_(2008–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Investigations_into_citizenship_fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations_into_citizenship_fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Investigations into citizenship fraud </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigations_into_citizenship_fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admissibility_decisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admissibility_decisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Admissibility decisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admissibility_decisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship_policy_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship_policy_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Citizenship policy changes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship_policy_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refugee_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refugee_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Refugee reform </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refugee_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_Religious_Freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_Religious_Freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Office of Religious Freedom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_Religious_Freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Employment_and_Social_Development_(2013–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Employment_and_Social_Development_(2013–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Minister of Employment and Social Development (2013–2015) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Employment_and_Social_Development_(2013–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Defence_(2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Kamikaze_campaign"_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 "Kamikaze campaign" scandal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Kamikaze_campaign"_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premier_of_Alberta_(2019–2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premier_of_Alberta_(2019–2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Premier of Alberta (2019–2022) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Premier_of_Alberta_(2019–2022)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Premier of Alberta (2019–2022) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Premier_of_Alberta_(2019–2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oil_Sands_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_Sands_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Oil Sands lawsuit </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Awards and recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Electoral record </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Premier of Alberta from 2019 to 2022</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the English cyclist, see <a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenny" title="Jason Kenny">Jason Kenny</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jason Kenney</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Alberta" title="Executive Council of Alberta">ECA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg/220px-Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg/330px-Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="458" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Kenney in April 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">18th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">Premier of Alberta</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office April 30, 2019 – October 11, 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarchs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lois_Mitchell" title="Lois Mitchell">Lois Mitchell</a> <a href="/wiki/Salma_Lakhani" title="Salma Lakhani">Salma Lakhani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Notley" title="Rachel Notley">Rachel Notley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Smith" title="Danielle Smith">Danielle Smith</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Party leadership positions </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Alberta)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Alberta)">Leader of the Opposition in Alberta</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 29, 2018 – April 30, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leela_Aheer" title="Leela Aheer">Leela Aheer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Nixon" title="Jason Nixon">Jason Nixon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Rachel Notley</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party#Leaders" title="United Conservative Party">Leader of the United Conservative Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office October 30, 2017 – October 6, 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leela_Aheer" title="Leela Aheer">Leela Aheer</a> Vacant (2021–2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cooper_(Canadian_politician)" title="Nathan Cooper (Canadian politician)">Nathan Cooper</a> (interim)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Smith" title="Danielle Smith">Danielle Smith</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta#Party_leaders" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">Leader of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office March 18, 2017 – July 24, 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ric_McIver" title="Ric McIver">Ric McIver</a> (interim)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cooper_(Canadian_politician)" title="Nathan Cooper (Canadian politician)">Nathan Cooper</a> (as <a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party#Leaders" title="United Conservative Party">interim leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party" title="United Conservative Party">United Conservative Party</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em"><a href="/wiki/28th_Canadian_Ministry" title="28th Canadian Ministry">28th Canadian Ministry</a> </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Minister of National Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office February 9, 2015 – November 4, 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Harjit Sajjan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Multiculturalism_and_Citizenship_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Multiculturalism and Citizenship (Canada)">Minister for Multiculturalism</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office August 16, 2013 – November 4, 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself (as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Immigration,_Refugees_and_Citizenship" title="Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship">minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Employment_and_Social_Development" title="Minister of Employment and Social Development">Minister of Employment and Social Development</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office July 15, 2013 – February 9, 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Diane Finley</a> (Human Resources and Social Development)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Immigration,_Refugees_and_Citizenship" title="Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship">Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office October 30, 2008 – July 15, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Diane Finley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Alexander_(politician)" title="Chris Alexander (politician)">Chris Alexander</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(Canada)#Heritage" title="Secretary of state (Canada)">Secretary of State for Multiculturalism and Canadian Identity</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 4, 2007 – October 29, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bev_Oda" title="Bev Oda">Bev Oda</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9e_Verner" title="Josée Verner">Josée Verner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position abolished</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Parliamentary constituencies </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Alberta" title="Legislative Assembly of Alberta">Legislative Assembly of Alberta</a> for <a href="/wiki/Calgary-Lougheed" title="Calgary-Lougheed">Calgary-Lougheed</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office December 14, 2017 – November 29, 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Rodney" title="Dave Rodney">Dave Rodney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Bouchard" title="Eric Bouchard">Eric Bouchard</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Midnapore" title="Calgary Midnapore">Calgary Midnapore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southeast" title="Calgary Southeast">Calgary Southeast</a>; 1997–2015)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office June 2, 1997 – September 23, 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Brown" title="Jan Brown">Jan Brown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kusie" title="Stephanie Kusie">Stephanie Kusie</a> (2017)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jason Thomas Kenney</div> (1968-05-30) May 30, 1968 (age 56) <a href="/wiki/Oakville,_Ontario" title="Oakville, Ontario">Oakville, Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party" title="United Conservative Party">United Conservative</a> (since 2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data">Federal: <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a> (1997–2000) <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Alliance</a> (2000–2003) <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (since 2003) Provincial: <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Liberal Party">Liberal</a> (Saskatchewan, before 1997) <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">Progressive Conservative</a> (2016–2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, Alberta, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a> (no degree)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_Jason_Kenney.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Jason Kenney's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Signature_Jason_Kenney.gif/128px-Signature_Jason_Kenney.gif" decoding="async" width="128" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Signature_Jason_Kenney.gif/192px-Signature_Jason_Kenney.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Signature_Jason_Kenney.gif/256px-Signature_Jason_Kenney.gif 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="384" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Jason Thomas Kenney (born May 30, 1968) is a former Canadian politician who served as the 18th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">premier of Alberta</a> from 2019 until 2022, and the leader of the <a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party" title="United Conservative Party">United Conservative Party</a> (UCP) from 2017 until 2022. He also served as the member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Alberta" title="Legislative Assembly of Alberta">Legislative Assembly</a> (MLA) for <a href="/wiki/Calgary-Lougheed" title="Calgary-Lougheed">Calgary-Lougheed</a> from 2017 until 2022. Kenney was the last leader of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">Alberta Progressive Conservative Party</a> (PC Party) before the party merged with the <a href="/wiki/Wildrose_Party" title="Wildrose Party">Wildrose Party</a> to form the UCP. Prior to entering Alberta provincial politics, he served in various cabinet posts under <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> from 2006 to 2015. Kenney studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a>, but returned to Canada without completing his degree. In 1989, he was hired as the first executive director of the Alberta Taxpayers Association before becoming the president and chief executive officer of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Taxpayers_Federation" title="Canadian Taxpayers Federation">Canadian Taxpayers Federation</a>. Kenney was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997 federal election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a>. In <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a>, he was re-elected as a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> candidate and then was re-elected five times as a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a>. Following the Conservative victory in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 federal election</a>, Kenney was appointed <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Secretary">parliamentary secretary</a> to Prime Minister Harper. In January 2007, he was sworn into the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Privy Council</a> as the secretary of state for multiculturalism and Canadian identity. Kenney held the post of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Citizenship,_Immigration_and_Multiculturalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism">minister for citizenship, immigration and multiculturalism</a> from October 2008 to July 2013, when he became <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Families,_Children_and_Social_Development" title="Minister of Families, Children and Social Development">minister of employment and social development</a> and minister for multiculturalism. In February 2015, he was named <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">minister of national defence</a>. Kenney was considered a <a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">potential party leader</a> following the defeat of the Conservative government in <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">October 2015</a> and resignation of Harper as leader.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> In July 2016, Kenney announced his intention to run for the leadership of the Alberta PCs in that party's <a href="/wiki/2017_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" title="2017 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">2017 leadership election</a>. Kenney resigned his seat in Parliament on September 23, after sitting in the House of Commons for over 19 years. He was elected party leader on March 18, 2017, on a platform of merging with the Wildrose Party. He was leader until the merger was effected on July 24. Kenney was then elected United Conservative Party leader on <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 United Conservative Party leadership election">October 28</a>. On April 16, 2019, Kenney led the United Conservative Party to a <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Alberta_general_election" title="2019 Alberta general election">2019 Alberta general election</a>, defeating incumbent Premier <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Notley" title="Rachel Notley">Rachel Notley</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alberta_New_Democratic_Party" title="Alberta New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>. Kenney came under criticism for his handling of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">COVID-19 pandemic</a> from members within the UCP and the general public, triggering a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a> in May 2022. On May 18, 2022, Kenney narrowly won the leadership review 51.4% to 48.6%, but announced that this support was insufficient and that he would step down as UCP leader. Kenney remained premier until October 11, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Smith" title="Danielle Smith">Danielle Smith</a> was chosen to succeed him by the United Conservative Party on October 6, 2022. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career">edit</a>]</div> Jason Thomas Kenney<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> was born on May 30, 1968, in <a href="/wiki/Oakville,_Ontario" title="Oakville, Ontario">Oakville, Ontario</a>, the son of Lynne (Tunbridge) and Robert Martin Kenney.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> His father was a teacher at <a href="/wiki/Appleby_College" title="Appleby College">Appleby College</a> and was of Irish heritage.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Kenney's grandfather was jazz musician and big band leader <a href="/wiki/Mart_Kenney" title="Mart Kenney">Mart Kenney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Kenney attended the <a href="/wiki/Athol_Murray_College_of_Notre_Dame" title="Athol Murray College of Notre Dame">Athol Murray College of Notre Dame</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilcox,_Saskatchewan" title="Wilcox, Saskatchewan">Wilcox, Saskatchewan</a>, a private Catholic high school of which his father was president. Kenney may have been inspired to enter politics following a brief discussion with former prime minister <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Kenney studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> university in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, but failed to complete his coursework. It was there that he discovered conservatism.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> During his time in California, Kenney was interviewed by <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> for a segment exploring religious values. In the segment, where he was credited as "Jason Kenny – Anti-abortion Activist," he argued against Jesuit professors who declared free speech as essential to a university.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Allowing pro-choice activists on campus, Kenney argued, was "destroying the mission and the purpose of this university." In the student newspaper, the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Foghorn" title="San Francisco Foghorn">San Francisco Foghorn</a>, he suggested that giving a platform to pro-choice groups would mean the school had no basis to refuse a similar platform to pedophiles or to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Satan" title="Church of Satan">Church of Satan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_San_Francisco" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco">Archbishop</a> rejected Kenney's petition that summer, and he never returned to complete his undergraduate degree.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Instead, Kenney returned to Canada to begin work for the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Liberal Party">Saskatchewan Liberal Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> He was "very involved in the young Liberals" as a young man, and in 1988 was executive assistant to <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Ralph Goodale</a>, the leader of the provincial party at the time.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Not long after, in 1989, Kenney was hired as the first executive director of the Alberta Taxpayers Association, which advocated for fiscal responsibility. In 1990, Kenney was named president and chief executive officer of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Taxpayers_Federation" title="Canadian Taxpayers Federation">Canadian Taxpayers Federation</a>, a self-described taxpayer's advocacy group that scrutinizes governmental expenditure from a conservative perspective. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_opposition_(1997–2006)">In opposition (1997–2006)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In opposition (1997–2006)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_Kenney_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jason_Kenney_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jason_Kenney_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jason_Kenney_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jason_Kenney_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jason_Kenney_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Jason_Kenney_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Kenney at the All Candidates Forum at McKenzie Lake Community Centre in Calgary's Southeast, January 14, 2006</figcaption></figure> Kenney was first elected to the Canadian <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> in 1997, at the age of 29. He was elected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party of Canada</a>, which later became the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a>. While a member of the House of Commons, Kenney was co-chair of the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_(Canada)" title="Unite the Right (Canada)">United Alternative</a> Task Force, national co-chairman of <a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a>'s campaign for leadership of the Alliance, and national co-chair of the Canadian Alliance's <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 election campaign</a>. While on the Opposition benches between 1997 and 2006, Kenney served in several prominent <a href="/wiki/Shadow_cabinet" title="Shadow cabinet">shadow cabinet</a> roles, including deputy <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons (Canada)">House leader for the Official Opposition</a>, critic for <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada–United States relations</a>, critic for <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Revenue" title="Minister of National Revenue">national revenue</a>, and critic for <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Canada)" title="Minister of Finance (Canada)">finance</a>. He was a member of a group of Reform Party MPs that were known as the Snack Pack due to their habit of eating greasy food and ridiculing the ruling Liberals.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Kenney supported the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> and suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a> government's refusal to support the war would damage Canada's relationship with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Kenney was a member of the Canada Tibet Committee and hosted the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalai Lama XIV">Dalai Lama</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister_(2006–2007)">Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister (2006–2007)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister (2006–2007)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KennyOullet%26Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/KennyOullet%26Johnson.jpg/220px-KennyOullet%26Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/KennyOullet%26Johnson.jpg/330px-KennyOullet%26Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/KennyOullet%26Johnson.jpg/440px-KennyOullet%26Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>Kenney, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Marc_Ouellet" title="Marc Ouellet">Marc Ouellet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_Johnston" class="mw-redirect" title="David Lloyd Johnston">David Lloyd Johnston</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Canadian_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Canadian College">Pontifical Canadian College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> in preparation for the inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></figcaption></figure> On February 6, 2006, Kenney and <a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Boucher" title="Sylvie Boucher">Sylvie Boucher</a> were appointed as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_Secretaries_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary Secretaries of Canada">parliamentary secretaries to the prime minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>. That August, when two opposition MPs suggested removing <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> from Canada's list of terrorist organizations, Kenney came under fire for comparing the organization to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Later, he rebuked <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Prime Minister of Lebanon</a> <a href="/wiki/Fuad_Saniora" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuad Saniora">Fuad Saniora</a> for his criticisms of Canada, invoking the $25 million <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CAD</a> that the country received from Canada in reconstructive assistance during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_State_for_Multiculturalism_and_Canadian_Identity_(2007–2008)">Secretary of State for Multiculturalism and Canadian Identity (2007–2008)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Secretary of State for Multiculturalism and Canadian Identity (2007–2008)">edit</a>]</div> On January 4, 2007, Kenney was sworn in as the secretary of state for <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> and Canadian identity and as a <a href="/wiki/Privy_councillor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy councillor (Canada)">Privy Councillor</a>. In this capacity, Kenney was the Harper government's representative to ethnic communities in Canada, and made frequent appearances at ethnic community events across the country.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In early 2008, Kenney posted an announcement on his website, declaring that the Canadian government recognized the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Vietnam" title="Flag of South Vietnam">flag of the Republic of Vietnam</a> as the symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese-Canadian">Vietnamese-Canadian</a> community. Further, he declared that "attempts to disparage [the flag] are a deeply troubling attack on one of Canada's ethnic communities and on the principles of multiculturalism."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In May 2008, he made a speech at an <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam" title="Army of the Republic of Vietnam">Army of the Republic of Vietnam</a> rally, lending support to the program.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> That same month, Kenney launched the Community Historical Recognition Program (CHRP), which established $13.5 million CAD in funding over five years for commemorative projects by ethno-cultural communities that had been subject to discriminatory Canadian immigration and wartime policies.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-24">[24]</a> By the project's conclusion in 2013, all of the funds had been utilized, save for $500,000 that was earmarked for education about the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_head_tax_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese head tax in Canada">Chinese head tax</a>, and was left unspent when one Chinese community group failed to file the required paperwork.<a href="#cite_note-:1-25">[25]</a> Because more than thirty other projects involving the Chinese-Canadian community had been funded through the CHRP, Kenney considered the project a success and declined to release the funding, citing the conclusion of the program.<a href="#cite_note-:1-25">[25]</a> In 2013, Kenney said in his remarks on the end of the CHRP program that the government was "committed to recognizing and educating Canadians about the experiences of those pioneers who overcame such heavy burdens. Their experiences mark an unfortunate period in our nation's history. We must ensure that they are never forgotten."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minister_of_Citizenship,_Immigration_and_Multiculturalism_(2008–2013)">Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism (2008–2013)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism (2008–2013)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_KENNEY_ride_in_the_2010_Calgary,_Alberta_Stampede_Parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Jason_KENNEY_ride_in_the_2010_Calgary%2C_Alberta_Stampede_Parade.jpg/220px-Jason_KENNEY_ride_in_the_2010_Calgary%2C_Alberta_Stampede_Parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Jason_KENNEY_ride_in_the_2010_Calgary%2C_Alberta_Stampede_Parade.jpg/330px-Jason_KENNEY_ride_in_the_2010_Calgary%2C_Alberta_Stampede_Parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Jason_KENNEY_ride_in_the_2010_Calgary%2C_Alberta_Stampede_Parade.jpg/440px-Jason_KENNEY_ride_in_the_2010_Calgary%2C_Alberta_Stampede_Parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1115" /></a><figcaption>Jason Kenney in the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Stampede" title="Calgary Stampede">Calgary Stampede</a> Parade</figcaption></figure> In 2008, Kenney became <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Immigration,_Refugees_and_Citizenship" title="Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship">Minister of Citizenship and Immigration</a> in Prime Minister Stephen Harper's cabinet shuffle of October 30, while retaining responsibility for multiculturalism, which he had been given in 2007. In April 2009, Kenney officially launched <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Heritage_Month" title="South Asian Heritage Month">Asian Heritage Month</a> to "better understand the rich diversity the Asian Canadian community brings to Canada".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> While speaking in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in December 2009 about Canadian government funding of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights#Non-governmental_Organizations" title="Human rights">human rights organizations</a>, Kenney said, "We have de-funded organizations, most recently, like <a href="/wiki/Kairos_Canada" title="Kairos Canada">KAIROS</a> who are taking a leadership role in the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">boycott</a> [of Israel]. We're receiving a lot of criticism for these decisions ... but we believe we have done these things for the right reasons, and we stand by these decisions." He later added in a letter to the Toronto Star that, "While I disagree with the nature of KAIROS's militant stance toward the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Jewish homeland</a>, that is not the reason their request for taxpayer funding was denied."<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> On June 26, 2010, Kenney announced changes to the Skilled Worker Immigration Program. For their applications to be processed, skilled worker applicants were thereafter required to either have an offer of arranged employment or be qualified in one of 29 eligible occupations out of the 520 described in the National Occupational Classification (NOC). A cap of 20,000 applications per year for the skilled workers class was also introduced. As of July 1, 2011, a maximum of 10,000 Federal Skilled Worker applications will be considered for processing in the subsequent 12 months. Within the 10,000 cap, a maximum of 500 federal skilled worker applications per eligible occupation will be considered for processing each year.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Kenney said that his reform of the immigration point system fixed problems with the previous immigration system. He also said the new system was more efficient in accepting migrants who could make the best contributions to the Canadian economy. The Canadian Experience Class Program was created to attract more international students who qualify as a graduate in the program, with an increased focus on youth, job skills, and a fluency in English or French.<a href="#cite_note-Ellliot_article-30">[30]</a> And at the same time, the immigration department imposed a new language requirement for the Federal Skilled Workers (FSW) program.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Many of these changes were made to reduce the processing times for immigration applications. Vancouver immigration lawyer Richard Kurland said that these changes would guarantee "no more backlogs."<a href="#cite_note-Ellliot_article-30">[30]</a> Kenney, however, decided to delete the backlog of 280,000 skilled worker applications, and a lawsuit by the deleted applicants failed to preserve the applications.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> There was significant criticism of the institution of a Designated Country of Origin (DCO) list, which attributes countries as being unlikely to persecute. Therefore, refugee claimants coming from these countries—including <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>—will undergo a different refugee claimant process than those from non-DCO countries.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Furthermore, refugee claimants from countries on the DCO no longer receive emergency healthcare coverage. In 2011, Kenney imposed a ban on <a href="/wiki/Niqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Niqab">niqab</a> face veils for those taking the oath of citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In his appeal on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Citizenship_and_Immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Citizenship and Immigration">Department of Citizenship and Immigration</a> in Citizenship and Immigration v Ishaq, 2015 FCA 194, the three justices ruled in favour of <a href="/wiki/Zunera_Ishaq" title="Zunera Ishaq">Zunera Ishaq</a> and her right to wear the niqab, confirming that the federal requirement was unlawful.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investigations_into_citizenship_fraud">Investigations into citizenship fraud</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Investigations into citizenship fraud">edit</a>]</div> On July 19, 2011, Kenney announced that the government intended to revoke the citizenship of 1,800 people it believes obtained their status through fraudulent means. The decision to revoke Canadian citizenship was rare, and a large-scale proposed crackdown had no precedent. At the time of his announcement, fewer than 70 citizenships had been revoked since the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act,_1946" title="Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946">Citizenship Act, 1946</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> An investigation into residence fraud continued to grow, and almost 11,000 cases were being reviewed in September 2012. <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_and_Immigration_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship and Immigration Canada">Citizenship and Immigration Canada</a> (CIC) revoked up to 3,100 citizens' citizenship, citing cheating or lies. Kenney said of the matter, "Canadian citizenship is not for sale and we are taking action to strip citizenship and permanent residence status from people who do not play by rules."<a href="#cite_note-Citizenship_and_Immigration_Canada-38">[38]</a> CIC worked in tandem with the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Border_Services_Agency" title="Canada Border Services Agency">Canada Border Services Agency</a> (CBSA), the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP), and various overseas Canadian offices to prevent citizenship fraud. <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Safety_and_Emergency_Preparedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness">Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness</a> <a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Vic Toews</a> said that "These efforts reinforce our government's commitment to protecting the integrity of our immigration system."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The CIC estimates that about 5,000 people with Canadian permanent resident status are outside of Canada, and implicated in residence fraud.<a href="#cite_note-Citizenship_and_Immigration_Canada-38">[38]</a> In January 2009, Kenney made public statements critical of <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_resisters_in_Canada" title="Iraq War resisters in Canada">U.S. soldiers seeking asylum in Canada</a> who were facing punishment for their refusal to participate in the Iraq War. Unlike in the Vietnam era, Kenney said, the current asylum seekers were neither "<a href="/wiki/Draft_dodger" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft dodger">draft dodgers</a>" nor "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Iraq_War_resisters" title="List of Iraq War resisters">resisters</a>", but rather "people who volunteer to serve in the armed forces of a democratic country and simply change their mind to desert. And that's fine, that's the decision they have made, but they are not refugees." He also referred to the asylum seekers as "bogus refugee claimants".<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> These remarks were seen by some supporters of the asylum seekers as a form of interference in the asylum process.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Kenney believed that <a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Rivera" title="Kimberly Rivera">Kimberly Rivera</a>, an American soldier seeking refuge, was not a legitimate refugee. "Military deserters from the United States are not genuine refugees under the internationally accepted meaning of the term," said Alexis Pavlich, the minister's press secretary.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In 2012, Kenney took steps in 2012 to find and combat <a href="/wiki/Sham_marriage" title="Sham marriage">marriage fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> His efforts were primarily focused on marriages in which one party was a Canadian citizen and the other, an immigrant, was using marriage to facilitate their entry into Canada, at which point they would leave their sponsor's home and declare the marriage to be a lie. In response, Kenney instituted a five-year prohibition on spousal sponsorship for those who had already been sponsored by a spouse into Canada. He also implemented a "conditional" permanent residency status, to ensure that a spouse or partner had to live as husband and wife for a minimum of two years with their Canadian sponsor, or else they would have their status revoked.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissibility_decisions">Admissibility decisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Admissibility decisions">edit</a>]</div> As part of Kenney's Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act, introduced in June 2012, the Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism would have the ability to deny entry to Canada based on "public policy considerations." Kenney was quoted in <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a> as saying that present immigration laws do not allow someone to be kept out if they are seeking to promote violence. The previous year, both the official opposition <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of Canada">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP) and Quebec's National Assembly had asked Kenney to exercise negative discretion, but no such ability existed under Canadian law.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> During debate in the House of Commons, the NDP criticized this component of the bill, arguing it gives too much power to the minister.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Earlier, in March 2009, the CBSA prevented British politician <a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a> from entering Canada, where he had planned to give a series of speeches against the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The Office of the Immigration Minister stated that the Canada Border Services Agency deemed Galloway as inadmissible to Canada due to national security concerns. Galloway had openly given what he called "financial support" to <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, classified as a terrorist group in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Galloway pursued the matter in the Canadian court system, where it was revealed that Kenney's office had emailed the CBSA on the matter. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_(Canada)" title="Federal Court (Canada)">Federal Court</a> found that Kenney's office had used "a flawed and overreaching interpretation of the standards under Canadian law for labeling someone as engaging in terrorism or being a member of a terrorist organization." The presiding judge also determined that the CBSA had produced its assessment of Galloway on scant evidence after receiving instructions from Kenney's staff,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> who attempted to bar Galloway because "they disagreed with his political views".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The Globe and Mail later pointed out that, while Kenney was quick to refuse Galloway entry into Canada, his department gave entry to controversial politician <a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a>, who compared <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> and campaigned to ban the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Wilders spoke in Toronto and Ottawa, generating further controversy.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizenship_policy_changes">Citizenship policy changes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citizenship policy changes">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_Kenney%27s_speech_at_Black_April_demonstration,_Apr-30-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Jason_Kenney%27s_speech_at_Black_April_demonstration%2C_Apr-30-12.jpg/300px-Jason_Kenney%27s_speech_at_Black_April_demonstration%2C_Apr-30-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Jason_Kenney%27s_speech_at_Black_April_demonstration%2C_Apr-30-12.jpg/450px-Jason_Kenney%27s_speech_at_Black_April_demonstration%2C_Apr-30-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Jason_Kenney%27s_speech_at_Black_April_demonstration%2C_Apr-30-12.jpg/600px-Jason_Kenney%27s_speech_at_Black_April_demonstration%2C_Apr-30-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Jason Kenney's speech at <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">Black April</a> demonstration</figcaption></figure> A new law amending the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act,_1946" title="Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946">Citizenship Act</a> came into effect on April 17, 2009. One of the changes instituted by the Government of Canada is the "first generation limitation", considered a punitive measure by some against naturalized citizens who reside abroad for lengthy periods of time.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Minister Kenney said the following in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> on June 10, 2010: "That's why we must protect the values of Canadian citizenship and must take steps against those who would cheapen it … We will strengthen the new limitation on the ability to acquire citizenship for the second generation born abroad."<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The new rules would not confer a Canadian citizenship on children born outside of Canada to parents who were also born outside of Canada. Thus, for children to obtain Canadian citizenship if born abroad, they would have to have one parent who was born in Canada. Another effect of this law was to abolish automatic citizenship by birth for the children of parents in Canada in the service of a foreign government. Children born to foreign diplomats in Canada would only become Canadian if at least one parent was either a Canadian citizen or a Permanent Resident.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 2010, Kenney introduced Discover Canada, a new citizenship guide for prospective citizens. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a> reported that Kenney blocked information about <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> from the Citizenship and Immigration study guide for immigrants applying for citizenship,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> although a sentence was included in a 2011 revision.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The revised edition also added information about arts and culture, the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, and an admonition against importing "violent, extreme or hateful prejudices" to Canada.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Kenney took steps to restore full citizenship status to the "<a href="/wiki/Lost_Canadians" title="Lost Canadians">Lost Canadians</a>", Canadian nationals who had "fallen through the cracks".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Bill C-37 corrected the citizenship issues for 95% of "Lost Canadians," and special grants were to be made to resolve the remaining 5%. Kenney says the Lost Canadians group should not be politicizing their plight, but they should be making a "solid application and a strong case".<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Kenney's predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Diane Finley</a>, had authorized a special grant of citizenship to Guy Valliere, although he died prior to receiving citizenship.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refugee_reform">Refugee reform</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Refugee reform">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_Kenney_and_Ngo_Thanh_Hai_with_Members_of_Committee_To_Support_Victims_of_Communism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jason_Kenney_and_Ngo_Thanh_Hai_with_Members_of_Committee_To_Support_Victims_of_Communism.jpg/300px-Jason_Kenney_and_Ngo_Thanh_Hai_with_Members_of_Committee_To_Support_Victims_of_Communism.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jason_Kenney_and_Ngo_Thanh_Hai_with_Members_of_Committee_To_Support_Victims_of_Communism.jpg/450px-Jason_Kenney_and_Ngo_Thanh_Hai_with_Members_of_Committee_To_Support_Victims_of_Communism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jason_Kenney_and_Ngo_Thanh_Hai_with_Members_of_Committee_To_Support_Victims_of_Communism.jpg/600px-Jason_Kenney_and_Ngo_Thanh_Hai_with_Members_of_Committee_To_Support_Victims_of_Communism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4907" data-file-height="3337" /></a><figcaption>Jason Kenney and Senator <a href="/wiki/Thanh_Hai_Ngo" title="Thanh Hai Ngo">Thanh Hai Ngo</a> with Members of Committee To Support Victims of Communism</figcaption></figure> On March 29, 2010, Kenney announced an overhaul of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_refugee_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian refugee system">Canadian refugee system</a>. The reform package committed to allowing the resettlement of 2,500 more refugees living in United Nations refugee camps and urban slums.<a href="#cite_note-jasonkenney1-61">[61]</a> The plan also included expansion of the Government-Assisted Refugees Program to 500 places, while a further 2,000 resettlement places were added to the <a href="/wiki/Private_Sponsorship_of_Refugees_Program" title="Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program">Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jasonkenney1-61">[61]</a> In total, the new plan would lead to the resettlement of 14,500 UN-selected refugees from refugee camps and urban slums to Canada.<a href="#cite_note-jasonkenney1-61">[61]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Protecting_Canada%27s_Immigration_System_Act" title="Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act">Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act</a> was introduced on February 16, 2012, and received <a href="/wiki/Royal_Assent" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Assent">Royal Assent</a> on June 28, 2012. It was broadly criticized as it "gives Ministers broad, unfettered and unprecedented powers" among other new powers. It was sponsored by Kenney.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] There was controversy around changes to Interim Federal Health, the social assistance program for refugee claimants.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Physicians and allied health professionals opposed these cuts through national protests in all major cities in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Physicians opposing the cuts to refugee health care include <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lam" title="Vincent Lam">Vincent Lam</a>, who stated that Canada is a country known for its tolerance and diversity, but healthcare professionals are "dismayed and ashamed at the cuts for healthcare for refugees."<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Afghan interpreters who served alongside Canadian troops in southern Afghanistan, and who applied for Canadian visas on the basis of facing threats from insurgents, were denied visas. Kenney backed this decision.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Kenney promised that Canada would resettle more refugees from 2011 to 2012 than in previous years. Instead, there was a 26% drop in refugee resettlement in Canada during that period, hitting a 30-year low. <a href="/wiki/Loly_Rico" title="Loly Rico">Loly Rico</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Council_for_Refugees" title="Canadian Council for Refugees">Canadian Council for Refugees</a>, criticized Kenney for not following through on his promise.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_Religious_Freedom">Office of Religious Freedom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Office of Religious Freedom">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_Prime_Minister_of_Canada,_Mr._Stephen_Harper_at_the_Gurudwara_Khalsa_Diwan,_at_Ross_Street,_Vancouver,_in_Canada_on_April_16,_2015_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_Prime_Minister_of_Canada%2C_Mr._Stephen_Harper_at_the_Gurudwara_Khalsa_Diwan%2C_at_Ross_Street%2C_Vancouver%2C_in_Canada_on_April_16%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_Prime_Minister_of_Canada%2C_Mr._Stephen_Harper_at_the_Gurudwara_Khalsa_Diwan%2C_at_Ross_Street%2C_Vancouver%2C_in_Canada_on_April_16%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_Prime_Minister_of_Canada%2C_Mr._Stephen_Harper_at_the_Gurudwara_Khalsa_Diwan%2C_at_Ross_Street%2C_Vancouver%2C_in_Canada_on_April_16%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Kenney with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwara</a> in Vancouver</figcaption></figure> Following through on a Conservative campaign promise from the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>, Kenney initiated the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Religious_Freedom_(Canada)" title="Office of Religious Freedom (Canada)">Office of Religious Freedom</a>, an agency of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Affairs Canada">Foreign Affairs Canada</a>, to monitor <a href="/wiki/Religious_oppression" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious oppression">religious oppression</a> domestically and promote <a href="/wiki/Religious_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious freedom">religious freedom</a> internationally.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> endorsed the office in a visit to Canada in 2013, saying, "I think it shows leadership from Canada. And Canada, by the way, in many ways is a perfect place from which to promote this ideal because of the complexion of the country."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The Liberal government which formed after the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a> closed the office in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minister_of_Employment_and_Social_Development_(2013–2015)">Minister of Employment and Social Development (2013–2015)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Minister of Employment and Social Development (2013–2015)">edit</a>]</div> As part of the July 2013 cabinet reorganization, Kenney was named <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Employment_and_Social_Development" title="Minister of Employment and Social Development">Minister of Employment and Social Development</a>. While in this position, he focused on expanding the review process for the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Pension_Plan" title="Canada Pension Plan">Canada Pension Plan</a> and Old Age Security disability appeals, which had become backlogged under the previous tribunal process.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In January 2014, Kenney reached an agreement with all provincial and territorial counterparts, except Quebec, to implement the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Job_Grant" title="Canada Job Grant">Canada Job Grant</a>, which aimed to train unemployed workers who did not qualify for <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment insurance">unemployment insurance</a> over a period of four years.<a href="#cite_note-:0-71">[71]</a> The final agreement provided more flexibility for the provinces and territories than the initial 2013 proposal, which had been rejected by Kenney's counterparts for its "take it or leave it" nature, which potentially forced the provinces and territories to forgo $300 million of the $500 million in federal funding provided to them by Labour Market Agreements if they did not accept the plan.<a href="#cite_note-:0-71">[71]</a> $2.5 million were spent on advertising for the program during <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup_playoffs" title="Stanley Cup playoffs">Stanley Cup playoffs</a> spots in 2013 and 2014, even before the details of the federal-provincial agreements were finalized or approved, which prompted <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Canada" title="Advertising Standards Canada">Advertising Standards Canada</a> to label them as "misleading."<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minister_of_Defence_(2015)">Minister of Defence (2015)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Minister of Defence (2015)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Secretary_of_Defense_Ash_Carter_meets_Canadian_Minister_of_National_Defense_Jason_Kenney_at_NATO_Headquarters_in_Brussels,_Belgium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense_Ash_Carter_meets_Canadian_Minister_of_National_Defense_Jason_Kenney_at_NATO_Headquarters_in_Brussels%2C_Belgium.jpg/220px-U.S._Secretary_of_Defense_Ash_Carter_meets_Canadian_Minister_of_National_Defense_Jason_Kenney_at_NATO_Headquarters_in_Brussels%2C_Belgium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense_Ash_Carter_meets_Canadian_Minister_of_National_Defense_Jason_Kenney_at_NATO_Headquarters_in_Brussels%2C_Belgium.jpg/330px-U.S._Secretary_of_Defense_Ash_Carter_meets_Canadian_Minister_of_National_Defense_Jason_Kenney_at_NATO_Headquarters_in_Brussels%2C_Belgium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense_Ash_Carter_meets_Canadian_Minister_of_National_Defense_Jason_Kenney_at_NATO_Headquarters_in_Brussels%2C_Belgium.jpg/440px-U.S._Secretary_of_Defense_Ash_Carter_meets_Canadian_Minister_of_National_Defense_Jason_Kenney_at_NATO_Headquarters_in_Brussels%2C_Belgium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3404" data-file-height="3111" /></a><figcaption>Canadian Minister of National Defense Jason Kenney meets U.S. Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Ash_Carter" title="Ash Carter">Ash Carter</a> at <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Brussels,_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels, Belgium">Brussels, Belgium</a></figcaption></figure> After a February 2015 cabinet shuffle in which <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">John Baird</a> left federal politics, with former Defence minister <a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a> taking his place, Kenney was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Minister of Defence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> While serving in this position, Kenney took a hard-line approach to national security, saying that it was necessary for Canada to fight against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a> militants to prevent them from becoming a threat to the country.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In March 2015, Kenney claimed that Russian warships had confronted <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> craft, and that Russian fighters had buzzed <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Fredericton_(FFH_337)" title="HMCS Fredericton (FFH 337)">HMCS Fredericton</a> at low altitude while it participated in a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> maritime task force off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> as part of a mission against <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian intervention</a> in the country.<a href="#cite_note-NATO_Kenney-76">[76]</a> NATO officials later stated that Russian ships could be seen on the horizon, but never approached the fleet, and that all flyovers had been at high altitudes.<a href="#cite_note-NATO_Kenney-76">[76]</a> Later that month, Kenney defended the Canadian airstrike campaign against ISIS being extended into <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, claiming that, among the coalition air forces, only Canada and the United States had aircraft capable of using <a href="/wiki/Precision_guided_munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Precision guided munitions">precision guided munitions</a>. In fact, Arab allies such as <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> had won praise from general <a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Martin Dempsey</a>, the Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, for their use of precision guided munitions.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lawson" title="Thomas J. Lawson">Tom Lawson</a>, then the Chief of Canada's Defence Staff, issued a statement defending Kenney, but later retracted his statement and apologized, saying that its contents were incorrect.<a href="#cite_note-About_face-78">[78]</a> Sources within the Department of Defence say that Lawson had been pressured into releasing the inaccurate statement by Kenney's office.<a href="#cite_note-About_face-78">[78]</a> Also in March, Kenney faced criticism for tweeting photos purporting to be of ISIS enslaving young girls. One of the images was taken years before ISIS came into existence and appeared to be from an <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Ashura" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Ashura">Ashura</a> procession, while another turned out to be a picture staged by actors in London, England.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In April 2015, Kenney announced that troops from the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a> would be sent to Ukraine as trainers for Ukrainian forces as part of Operation UNIFIER. The soldiers, who arrived in September 2015, were from <a href="/wiki/2_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</a> (2 CMBG) and were stationed in at the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Ukrainian Armed Forces</a> <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Міжнародний центр миротворчості та безпеки">International Peacekeeping and Security Centre</a> near the Polish–Ukrainian border at <a href="/wiki/Yavoriv" title="Yavoriv">Yavoriv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In May 2015, after a report was published on sexual misconduct in the Canadian Forces, Kenney promised that an independent centre at arm's length from the military would be formed to hear complaints of sexual misconduct in the military and provide support and resources for victims.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_opposition_and_entry_into_provincial_politics">Return to opposition and entry into provincial politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Return to opposition and entry into provincial politics">edit</a>]</div> Although the Conservatives were defeated at the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>, Kenney was reelected in <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Midnapore" title="Calgary Midnapore">Calgary Midnapore</a>, essentially a reconfigured version of his old riding, where he was named to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_House_of_Commons_Special_Committee_on_Electoral_Reform" title="Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform">Special Committee on Electoral Reform</a>. Kenney was long considered a likely candidate to succeed Stephen Harper as leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, and had been mentioned as a prospective candidate and presumed frontrunner in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">next leadership election</a> to be held in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> His name was also mentioned as a prospective leader of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta">Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta</a> (PC) who could potentially unite the rival Progressive Conservative and <a href="/wiki/Wildrose_Party" title="Wildrose Party">Wildrose</a> parties.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> On July 6, 2016, Kenney announced that he would be seeking the leadership of the Alberta PC Party, citing his desire to unite Alberta's two major centre-right parties.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The following day, he announced that he would resign his seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> within three months once the leadership campaign period officially opened, a decision that was severely criticized by the Canadian Taxpayers Federation, which Kenney had previously lead, for misusing taxpayer dollars.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> He officially resigned September 23.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-resign-90">[90]</a> Kenney was elected leader of the PCs <a href="/wiki/2017_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" title="2017 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">on March 18, 2017</a>, with more than 75% of the delegate votes on the first ballot. He re-affirmed his pledge to unite the party with the rival Wildrose Party.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Two months later, on May 18, the PC and Wildrose party announced a merger agreement that would be voted by on their respective memberships.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The results, announced June 22, had 95% of Wildrose and PC members vote in favour of a merger.<a href="#cite_note-mergevote-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-cbcmerge-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The new <a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party" title="United Conservative Party">United Conservative Party</a> was recognized as the Official Opposition by the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Alberta" title="Legislative Assembly of Alberta">Legislative Assembly of Alberta</a> on July 25, 2017, and shortly thereafter registered with <a href="/wiki/Elections_Alberta" title="Elections Alberta">Elections Alberta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cooper_(Canadian_politician)" title="Nathan Cooper (Canadian politician)">Nathan Cooper</a> named <a href="/wiki/Interim_leader_(Canada)" title="Interim leader (Canada)">interim leader</a> while the party organized a leadership election.<a href="#cite_note-cooper-97">[97]</a> However, as Alberta law forbade political parties from transferring assets, the PC and Wildrose parties continued to exist on paper, and the UCP was formally a newly created party.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On October 28, 2017, the party's <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 United Conservative Party leadership election">inaugural leadership election</a> was held. Kenney was elected as the first full-time leader of the party, defeating former Wildrose leader <a href="/wiki/Brian_Jean" title="Brian Jean">Brian Jean</a> and lawyer <a href="/wiki/Doug_Schweitzer" title="Doug Schweitzer">Doug Schweitzer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The following day, MLA <a href="/wiki/Dave_Rodney" title="Dave Rodney">Dave Rodney</a> announced his resignation of his seat of <a href="/wiki/Calgary-Lougheed" title="Calgary-Lougheed">Calgary-Lougheed</a> in order to create a vacancy for Kenney.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Kenney was elected as MLA on December 14,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and sworn in as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Alberta)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Alberta)">Leader of the Opposition</a> on January 29, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Kamikaze_campaign"_scandal">"Kamikaze campaign" scandal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Kamikaze campaign" scandal">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> and the Alberta Election Commissioner are[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] investigating allegations that Jason Kenney and his team were involved in orchestrating <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Conservative_Party_leadership_election#Jeff_Callaway" title="2017 United Conservative Party leadership election">Jeff Callaway</a>'s campaign for the leadership of the United Conservative Party in an attempt to harm Kenney's biggest rival, Brian Jean. Documents obtained by <a href="/wiki/The_Toronto_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="The Toronto Star">The Star</a> confirm that Kenney's campaign controlled major aspects of Callaway's campaign, including the providing of strategic plans, attack ads, speeches, and talking points intended to discredit Jean. These documents were handed over the election commissioner, according to Callaway's former campaign manager Cameron Davies. Davies also said that Kenney had attended a meeting at Callaway's house in July 2017, where the "kamikaze campaign" was discussed, and that Kenney had firsthand knowledge of this strategy.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> A leaked document alleged that Jason Kenney's team first approached <a href="/wiki/Derek_Fildebrandt" title="Derek Fildebrandt">Derek Fildebrandt</a> in July 2017 about running a "dark-horse" campaign, but ultimately decided against working with him. Fildebrandt confirmed this account but stated that it was he who rejected the idea.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> An emergency injunction was sought to halt the probe into the financing of Callaway's UCP leadership campaign for the duration of the 2019 Alberta general election, but was denied by <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Queen%27s_Bench_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta">Court of Queen's Bench</a> Justice Anne Kirker, who ruled it was in the public interest for the investigation to continue.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a> and <a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a> received documents[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] indicating that fraudulent e-mail addresses attached to party memberships were used to cast ballots in the party's leadership race in 2017, which Jason Kenney won. CBC News picked a sample of e-mail addresses based on suspicious domains, and determined that 60% of those were used to cast ballots in the leadership election.<a href="#cite_note-CBCFraud-106">[106]</a> Former UCP MLA <a href="/wiki/Prab_Gill" title="Prab Gill">Prab Gill</a> sent a letter to the RCMP outlining allegations that the Kenney leadership campaign used fraudulent e-mail addresses to intercept PINs needed to vote in the leadership race, and that they were subsequently used by the Kenney campaign to vote for Kenney.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Many of the suspicious domains were traced to a network with ever-changing domains, and it is unclear who registered these domains. The majority of the fraudulent e-mail addresses were registered in the weeks preceding the leadership vote. CBC noted that it is not clear how widespread the voting fraud is outside of their selected sample of suspicious domains, and it is also possible that common e-mail providers such as <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hotmail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotmail">Hotmail</a> were used with fraudulent addresses. A dozen individuals were contacted by CBC News to confirm whether or not they voted in the race, all of whom confirmed that they did not vote in the race and the e-mails on the voter's list were not their true e-mails.<a href="#cite_note-CBCFraud-106">[106]</a> The RCMP went to question at least one family to speak with them regarding the allegations of voter fraud.<a href="#cite_note-CBCFraud-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premier_of_Alberta_(2019–2022)">Premier of Alberta (2019–2022)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Premier of Alberta (2019–2022)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Jason_Kenney" title="Premiership of Jason Kenney">Premiership of Jason Kenney</a></div> Under Kenney's leadership, the United Conservative Party won a majority government in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Alberta_general_election" title="2019 Alberta general election">2019 Alberta general election</a>, winning 63 seats and 54.88% of the popular vote in 2019 election. On April 30, 2019, Kenney was sworn in by <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Lois_Mitchell" title="Lois Mitchell">Lois Mitchell</a>, becoming the <a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Alberta" title="List of premiers of Alberta">18th Premier of Alberta</a>. During the first session of the <a href="/wiki/30th_Alberta_Legislature" title="30th Alberta Legislature">30th Alberta Legislature</a>, the Kenney government passed several notable of pieces of legislation, including the Act to Repeal the Carbon Tax,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> the Alberta Corporate Tax Amendment,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Public_Sector_Wage_Arbitration_Deferral_Act" title="Public Sector Wage Arbitration Deferral Act">Public Sector Wage Arbitration Deferral Act</a>. The government also passed legislation allowing parties to merge, clearing the way for PC and Wildrose to legally and formally merge into the UCP, and hence dissolve.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Premier Kenney established a one-year, $2.5 million <a href="/wiki/Public_Inquiry_into_Anti-Alberta_Energy_Campaigns" title="Public Inquiry into Anti-Alberta Energy Campaigns">Public Inquiry into Anti-Alberta Energy Campaigns</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> and a Calgary-based $30 million 'war room' to "fight misinformation related to oil and gas".<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> They announced their first provincial budget on October 24, 2019, which fulfilled their "promise of slight austerity" with "cuts to spending programs and the elimination of hundreds of bureaucracy jobs", according to The National Post.<a href="#cite_note-NaPo_Dawson_20191024-114">[114]</a> The Post said that these and the corporate tax cuts "were the key planks of a four-year plan to bring the budget into balance."<a href="#cite_note-NaPo_Dawson_20191024-114">[114]</a> The goal is to reduce government spending by $4-billion over four years.<a href="#cite_note-NaPo_Dawson_20191024-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil_Sands_lawsuit">Oil Sands lawsuit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Oil Sands lawsuit">edit</a>]</div> On February 2, 2022, five environmental organizations filed a lawsuit in Edmonton against Kenney for defamation. The lawsuit alleged that, in public statements and in social media posts, Kenney deliberately distorted the results of a public inquiry led by Calgary forensic accountant Steve Allan investigating the possibility that the groups accepted American money to spread misinformation about the environmental impacts of <a href="/wiki/Athabasca_oil_sands" title="Athabasca oil sands">oil sands</a> development in Alberta. They were represented in the filing by Paul Champ of Ottawa-based Champ & Associates.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership_tensions_and_resignation">Leadership tensions and resignation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Leadership tensions and resignation">edit</a>]</div> On March 8, 2021, CBC News reported that following discontent about the travel controversy and government policies around pandemic measures and coal mining, several UCP constituency associations had discussed holding a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a> at an upcoming convention, putting Kenney's leadership of the party to a vote.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On March 13, the UCP announced a leadership review will be held at the party's annual general meeting in 2022, expected to be held in October, six months ahead of the fixed election date for the <a href="/wiki/31st_Alberta_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="31st Alberta general election">next Alberta general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> On April 7, 2021, 15 UCP MLAs, including former Minister of Municipal Affairs Tracy Allard and Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cooper_(Canadian_politician)" title="Nathan Cooper (Canadian politician)">Nathan Cooper</a>, signed a letter criticizing the Government's public health orders. Two other MLAs added their names to the letter after it had been released publicly.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> UCP MLA <a href="/wiki/Dan_Williams_(Canadian_politician)" title="Dan Williams (Canadian politician)">Dan Williams</a> also released a video criticizing the closure of GraceLife Church by Alberta Health Services. Kenney stated that Government MLAs were permitted to dissent over COVID-19 health restrictions but breaking health rules or encouraging others to do so would result in their expulsion from the Government Caucus.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> This was described as a "revolt" and an unprecedented level of opposition from within a government caucus.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> During a three-hour caucus meeting following the release of the letter, Kenney reportedly threatened to ask the lieutenant governor to dissolve the legislature and call a <a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">snap election</a> if dissidents did not support the government.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> On April 22, 2021, a letter calling for the resignation of Premier Kenney, started circulating within the UCP party's leadership boards. The letter gained 90 signatures composed of board presidents and board members of UCP riding associations. The letter states that the boards believed that they did not believe Kenney had the moral authority or trustworthiness to lead this party into the next election or to continue to deliver on important conservative priorities and that for the sake of a strong and free Alberta and for the well-being of the conservative movement in this province, the boards ask that Kenney do the proper thing and resign. The petitioners will bring up the letter during an upcoming board meeting.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On May 13, 2021, MLA <a href="/wiki/Todd_Loewen" title="Todd Loewen">Todd Loewen</a> stepped down from his role as UCP <a href="/wiki/Caucus_chair" title="Caucus chair">caucus chair</a> and called on Jason Kenney to resign, citing "persistent issues of dysfunction within the government" and claiming that "the Premier chooses not listen to caucus".<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> On September 22, 2021, MLA <a href="/wiki/RJ_Sigurdson" title="RJ Sigurdson">RJ Sigurdson</a> presented a motion of no-confidence at a UCP caucus meeting, after the government introduced new public health restrictions, including a vaccine passport, following a fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta. The motion was withdrawn after it was agreed that the UCP would hold a leadership review in Spring 2022, rather than October 2022 as previously scheduled.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> On May 18, 2022, Jason Kenney narrowly won a confidence vote held by the UCP with 51.4% support from members of his party. He then announced on the same evening his intention to resign as premier of Alberta and leader of the UCP, citing the clearly divisive nature of his leadership and a need for party unity.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> He subsequently confirmed that he would not be candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2022 United Conservative Party leadership election">leadership election</a> to succeed himself.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-premiership">Post-premiership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Post-premiership">edit</a>]</div> On November 29, 2022, Jason Kenney resigned as MLA for Calgary-Lougheed, with immediate effect.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On February 1, 2023, Kenney announced that he had started a new job as senior advisor for the law firm, <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Jones" title="Bennett Jones">Bennett Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> His seat was retained by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Bouchard" title="Eric Bouchard">Eric Bouchard</a> of the UCP in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Alberta_general_election" title="2023 Alberta general election">May 2023 Alberta general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Jason Kenney was nominated to the board of <a href="/wiki/ATCO" title="ATCO">ATCO</a> on March 31, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Political positions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_Kenney_and_Andrew_Scheer_(33927663458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jason_Kenney_and_Andrew_Scheer_%2833927663458%29.jpg/220px-Jason_Kenney_and_Andrew_Scheer_%2833927663458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jason_Kenney_and_Andrew_Scheer_%2833927663458%29.jpg/330px-Jason_Kenney_and_Andrew_Scheer_%2833927663458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jason_Kenney_and_Andrew_Scheer_%2833927663458%29.jpg/440px-Jason_Kenney_and_Andrew_Scheer_%2833927663458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4529" data-file-height="3217" /></a><figcaption>Kenney with <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> in 2019.</figcaption></figure> Kenney has been a social conservative in his political career, voting in favor of abortion restrictions and against same-sex marriage. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abortion">Abortion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Abortion">edit</a>]</div> Kenney voted in favour of abortion restrictions and received an endorsement from the socially conservative lobbyist group <a href="/wiki/Campaign_Life_Coalition" title="Campaign Life Coalition">Campaign Life Coalition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> In 2012, Kenney was one of ten Cabinet ministers who voted in favour of a motion to study when life begins.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In 2018, a bill to create "no-protest zones" around abortion clinics was introduced to the Alberta legislature, following similar legislation in Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>. As leader of the UCP, Kenney refused to debate the bill and led his caucus to walk out of the house 14 times over the course of two months when the bill was at issue.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBTQ_issues">LGBTQ issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: LGBTQ issues">edit</a>]</div> Kenney voted against same-sex marriage as an MP, saying, "A majority of Canadians support the provision of benefits on grounds such as domestic partnership relationships, which are grounded on unions of economic dependency rather than relationships of a mere conjugal nature, and yet still two-thirds of Canadians, from every culture that exists in this country, from every corner of the globe who have come to this country to build a future for themselves and their families, recognize that marriage is, as the Supreme Court said the last time it spoke to this issue in the Egan case in 1995, 'by nature a heterosexual institution'."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In 2016, Kenney supported the removal of "traditional definition of marriage" from the conservative party policy book.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Kenney was criticized by the provincial NDP, some LGBTQ activists, and some journalists for saying in a Postmedia interview that parents generally have a right to know if their child has joined a Gay-Straight Alliance, unless it would be contrary to the best interests of the child in the circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In November 2018, Kenney faced pressure to expel an outspoken member of the United Conservative Party who compared the <a href="/wiki/Gay_pride_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay pride flag">gay pride flag</a> to the flag of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Although Kenney had previously directed the party to cancel the membership of another member, he said that the decision to expel members rested with the party's board.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> A two-decade-old audio recording surfaced in December 2018 of Kenney boasting about overturning a gay marriage law in 1989 in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. Kenney was referring to his role in organizing a petition to repeal the city ordinance that extended recognition rights of heterosexual couples to same-sex couples. This ordinance, originating during the <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS#United_States" title="Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS">1980s AIDS epidemic</a>, extended rights that were previously exclusive to heterosexual couples, such as hospital visitation, to same-sex couples. Kenney addressed the audio clip by stating that he regrets the comments he made and that, since then, his record shows he supports domestic partner arrangements and benefits for couples regardless of sexual orientation.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The comments led to backlash from outside and within the United Conservative Party. One board member and campaign manager for the party resigned his positions and membership with the party, citing the audio recording of Kenney as his reason for departure.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minority_outreach">Minority outreach</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Minority outreach">edit</a>]</div> Kenney was widely recognized for his central role in reaching out to ethnic minority voters in 2011, leading to the Conservative Party's successful election campaign, and the Conservative parliamentary majority that resulted.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> He publicly acknowledged that his ongoing strategy of promoting conservative values and policies in government so as to capture the support of ethnic communities was in the works beginning years prior to Stephen Harper first winning government in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-:2-24">[24]</a> Kenney also suggested that Harper was one of the first people he consulted with on the ethnic outreach strategy, when the latter was still an opposition Canadian Alliance MP.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Kenney's ethnic outreach strategy was also evident when, in early 2011, a letter using government stationery was sent to Conservative riding associations seeking assistance in raising $200,000 funding for an ad campaign aimed at bolstering support among ethnic communities in ridings that the Conservatives were targeting in the next election.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> News of this broke when a copy was believed to have been mistakenly sent to the office of opposition MP <a href="/wiki/Linda_Duncan" title="Linda Duncan">Linda Duncan</a> instead of that of fellow Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Duncan (Canadian politician)">John Duncan</a> (no relation). This led to criticism over the letter's labelling of certain groups and ridings as "ethnic" or "very ethnic".<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Kenney publicly apologized for the mailing error, citing a staffer's inexperience for the mistake. As immigration minister, Kenney was largely credited with building bridges attracting ethnic communities to the Conservative Party, which was long dominated by the Liberal Party. In addition, he also handled the apology and financial compensation for the Chinese head tax and the official recognition of the Armenian and Ukrainian genocides. According to an observer, "He acts as a conductor to correct historical wrongs, It might not seem important to the majority of the population, but for the concerned communities, it's huge."<a href="#cite_note-:2-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> According to The Globe and Mail, the Chinese–Canadian community nicknamed Kenney the "Smiling Buddha" in reference to his efforts to garner ethnic votes on the basis of what some perceive as commonly held conservative values.<a href="#cite_note-Friesen_article-149">[149]</a> The Toronto Star characterized him as having a "<a href="/wiki/Bieber" class="mw-redirect" title="Bieber">Bieber</a>-like" following in many communities.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Kenney justified his efforts to gain ethnic support by stating, "You observe how these new Canadians live their lives. They are the personification of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>'s aspirational class. They're all about a massive work ethic."<a href="#cite_note-Friesen_article-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Kenney is <a href="/wiki/Bilingualism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingualism in Canada">bilingual</a>, speaking French and English.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> He has never been married and has no children.<a href="#cite_note-:2-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition">edit</a>]</div> Kenney received the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal</a> in 2002,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal</a> in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> and the Albertan version of the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Platinum_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Platinum-154">[154]</a> In 2004, Kenney was named one of Canada's "100 Leaders of the Future" by <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> magazine, "one of Canada's leading conservative activists" by The Globe and Mail, and one of "21 Canadians to watch in the 21st century" by the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Post" title="Financial Post">Financial Post</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> On May 13, 2009, Maclean's, in association with the <a href="/wiki/The_Historica_Dominion_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Historica Dominion Institute">Dominion Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%27actualit%C3%A9" title="L'actualité">L'actualité</a>, and presenting sponsor <a href="/wiki/Enbridge" title="Enbridge">Enbridge</a>, presented Kenney with the award for "Best Overall MP".<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Maclean's named Kenney the "hardest working" MP of 2011, citing overwhelming support from all political parties who recognized Kenney's constant "20-hour work days" and "permanent 5 o'clock shadow".<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> On November 4, 2012, he received an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary doctorate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Haifa" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In 2014, Kenney received the <a href="/wiki/UN_Watch" title="UN Watch">UN Watch</a> Moral Courage Award for speaking out on behalf of those who had been victimized by international tyranny.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Watch_presents_minister_kenney_with_moral_courage_award-159">[159]</a> At the ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, representatives of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> presented Kenney with a traditional Tibetan scarf.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Watch_presents_minister_kenney_with_moral_courage_award-159">[159]</a> Also in 2014, Kenney was awarded the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a> Prize by <a href="/wiki/Policy_Exchange" title="Policy Exchange">Policy Exchange</a>, a centre-right UK <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a>, in recognition of the successful outreach to Canada's ethnic and cultural communities.<a href="#cite_note-Minister_Kenney_presented_with_inaugural_Benjamin_Disraeli_Award-160">[160]</a> The award was presented by British Conservative cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Minister_Kenney_presented_with_inaugural_Benjamin_Disraeli_Award-160">[160]</a> In August 2016, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> awarded Jason Kenney with an <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_(Ukraine)" title="Order of Merit (Ukraine)">Order of Merit</a>, Third Class.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:DodgerBlue; color:white" align="center"> <td>Ribbon</td> <td>Description</td> <td>Notes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.png/80px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal</a></td> <td> <ul><li>Decoration awarded in 2002<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li>Canadian version</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-QEII_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Medal</a></td> <td> <ul><li>Decoration awarded in 2012<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li>Canadian version</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_Platinum_Jubilee_Medal_CAD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Platinum_Jubilee_Medal_CAD.jpg/80px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_Platinum_Jubilee_Medal_CAD.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Platinum_Jubilee_Medal_CAD.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Platinum_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal</a></td> <td> <ul><li>Decoration awarded in 2022<a href="#cite_note-Platinum-154">[154]</a></li> <li>Alberta version</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Merit_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Order_of_Merit_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png/80px-Order_of_Merit_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Order_of_Merit_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_(Ukraine)" title="Order of Merit (Ukraine)">Order of Merit (Ukraine)</a></td> <td> <ul><li>Decoration awarded in August 2016</li> <li>Third Class</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record">Electoral record</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Electoral record">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2017_Alberta_provincial_by-elections/Calgary-Lougheed" title="Template:2017 Alberta provincial by-elections/Calgary-Lougheed"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2017_Alberta_provincial_by-elections/Calgary-Lougheed" title="Template talk:2017 Alberta provincial by-elections/Calgary-Lougheed"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2017_Alberta_provincial_by-elections/Calgary-Lougheed" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2017 Alberta provincial by-elections/Calgary-Lougheed"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div>Alberta provincial by-election, December 14, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Calgary-Lougheed" title="Calgary-Lougheed">Calgary-Lougheed</a> Resignation of <a href="/wiki/Dave_Rodney" title="Dave Rodney">Dave Rodney</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>±% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #005D7C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party" title="United Conservative Party">United Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jason Kenney</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,760</td> <td style="text-align:right;">71.51</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+8.35<a href="#cite_note-164">[a]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Alberta_New_Democratic_Party" title="Alberta New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Phillip van der Merwe</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,822</td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.79</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−15.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Liberal_Party" title="Alberta Liberal Party">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Khan_(politician)" title="David Khan (politician)">David Khan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,009</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.30</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3CB371; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Alberta_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Reform Party of Alberta (2016–present)">Reform</a></td> <td>Lauren Thorsteinson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">137</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Alberta" title="Green Party of Alberta">Green</a></td> <td>Romy Tittel</td> <td style="text-align:right;">60</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Wayne Leslie</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.39</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larry_Heather" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Heather">Larry Heather</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">22</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.20</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">10,852</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Rejected, spoiled and declined </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">28</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">2</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">96 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters / turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">31,067 </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">35.03</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> −16.32 </td></tr> <tr style="background:white"> <td style="background:#005D7C; width: 16px"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party" title="United Conservative Party">United Conservative</a> notional hold </td> <td colspan="2" align="right"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td align="right">+11.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; background-color:#F4FFF4;color:black;">Source(s)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Elections_Alberta" title="Elections Alberta">Elections Alberta</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Swing is calculated from the sum of Progressive Conservative and Wildrose vote shares. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_Canadian_federal_election/Calgary_Midnapore" title="Template:2015 Canadian federal election/Calgary Midnapore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2015_Canadian_federal_election/Calgary_Midnapore" title="Template talk:2015 Canadian federal election/Calgary Midnapore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2015_Canadian_federal_election/Calgary_Midnapore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2015 Canadian federal election/Calgary Midnapore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Midnapore" title="Calgary Midnapore">Calgary Midnapore</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Jason Kenney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42,415</td> <td style="text-align:right;">66.73</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−9.17</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$67,515.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Haley Brown</td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,396</td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.65</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+16.24</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$11,213.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Laura Weston</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,915</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.73</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−2.82</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$18,349.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Brennan Wauters</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,691</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.66</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.77</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$4,520.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Peggy Askin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">145</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.23</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/Expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">63,562</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">$226,378.18 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">179</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">0.28</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">63,741</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">73.13</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">87,158 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#6495ED; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> hold </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">–12.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southeast" title="Calgary Southeast">Calgary Southeast</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Jason Kenney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">48,173</td> <td style="text-align:right;">76.26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.43</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$54,158 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Kirk Oates</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,482</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3.07</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$0.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Brett Spencer</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,079</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.46</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.80</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$5,584 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Brian MacPhee</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,020</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.36</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−2.36</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$11,237 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Antoni Grochowski</td> <td style="text-align:right;">225</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.36</td> <td style="text-align:right;">*</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F0E68C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Block_Party" title="Western Block Party">Western Block</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fromm_(activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Fromm (activist)">Paul Fromm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">193</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.31</td> <td style="text-align:right;">*</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$5,393 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/Expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">63,172 </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">$104,090 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">129 </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> 0.20</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> 63,301 </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> 60.32</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> 104,941 </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#6495ED; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> hold </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">+3.12 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southeast" title="Calgary Southeast">Calgary Southeast</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Jason Kenney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,322</td> <td style="text-align:right;">73.83</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$40,322 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Margaret Chandler</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,744</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3.45</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$3,529 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Brad Carroll</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,880</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.72</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.63</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Chris Willott</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,024</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.19</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.48</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$5,082 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/Expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">55,970</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> $96,650 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">– </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#6495ED; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> hold </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">−2.40 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southeast" title="Calgary Southeast">Calgary Southeast</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Jason Kenney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,987</td> <td style="text-align:right;">75.18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.19</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$46,829 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>James Ludwar</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,193</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−6.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$9,186 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Eric Leavitt</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,584</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.67</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.09</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$2,949 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Gus Gutoski</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,076</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.81</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.76</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,535 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">59,840</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">120</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">0.20 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">59,960</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">67.08 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#6495ED; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> hold </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">+5.10 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southeast" title="Calgary Southeast">Calgary Southeast</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Jason Kenney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,843</td> <td style="text-align:right;">70.99</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−13.06</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$47,525 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Jim Tanner</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,488</td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.17</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$23,178 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Brian Pincott</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,419</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.58</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$2,401 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(Alberta_politician)" title="George Read (Alberta politician)">George Read</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,142</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.05</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,193 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DC143C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Action_Party" title="Canadian Action Party">Canadian Action</a></td> <td>Trevor Grover</td> <td style="text-align:right;">274</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.53</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">51,892</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">119</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">0.23 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">52,011</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">63.72 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#6495ED; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> hold </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">−8.62 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southeast" title="Calgary Southeast">Calgary Southeast</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #5F9EA0; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Alliance</a></td> <td>Jason Kenney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34,492</td> <td style="text-align:right;">63.24</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+8.22</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$41,614 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Ray Clark</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,353</td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.81</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−2.82</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$9,884 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Dana Peace</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,646</td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−6.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$18,677 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Giorgio Cattabeni</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,111</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.03</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.60</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$490 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>James Stephen Kohut</td> <td style="text-align:right;">931</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">54,533</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">116</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">0.21 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">54,649</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">63.89 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#5F9EA0; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Alliance</a> hold </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">−5.52 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southeast" title="Calgary Southeast">Calgary Southeast</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">±%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3CB371; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a></td> <td>Jason Kenney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,602</td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.02</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−4.83</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$54,180 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Carol Kraychy</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,567</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.63</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3.51</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$60,861 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Patti-Anne Kay</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,131</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$43,986 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Jason Ness</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,176</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.63</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.74</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$524 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #E6E6FA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_of_Canada" title="Natural Law Party of Canada">Natural Law</a></td> <td>Neeraj Varma</td> <td style="text-align:right;">235</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.52</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.27</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">44,711</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">100.00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">79</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">0.18 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">44,790</td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">63.69 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#3CB371; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a> hold </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">−4.17 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved July 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalpost.com&rft.atitle=UN+Watch+presents+Minister+Kenney+with+Moral+Courage+Award&rft.date=2014-05-23&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcanadian-politics%2Fun-watch-presents-jason-kenney-with-moral-courage-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Kenney" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minister_Kenney_presented_with_inaugural_Benjamin_Disraeli_Award-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minister_Kenney_presented_with_inaugural_Benjamin_Disraeli_Award_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minister_Kenney_presented_with_inaugural_Benjamin_Disraeli_Award_160-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRishi2014" class="citation web cs1">Rishi, Sunak (June 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817012558/http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/modevents/item/the-inaugural-disraeli-prize-presented-to-hon-jason-kenney-mp">"The Inaugural Disraeli Prize, presented to Hon Jason Kenney MP"</a>. policyexchange.org.uk. <a href="/wiki/Policy_Exchange" title="Policy Exchange">Policy Exchange</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/modevents/item/the-inaugural-disraeli-prize-presented-to-hon-jason-kenney-mp">the original</a> on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=policyexchange.org.uk&rft.atitle=The+Inaugural+Disraeli+Prize%2C+presented+to+Hon+Jason+Kenney+MP&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.aulast=Rishi&rft.aufirst=Sunak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.policyexchange.org.uk%2Fmodevents%2Fitem%2Fthe-inaugural-disraeli-prize-presented-to-hon-jason-kenney-mp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Kenney" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3402016-20387">"УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №340/2016"</a>. Office of the President. August 22, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A3%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%97+%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%97%D0%98%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%90+%D0%A3%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%87%D0%9D%D0%98+%E2%84%96340%2F2016&rft.pub=Office+of+the+President&rft.date=2016-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.ua%2Fdocuments%2F3402016-20387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Kenney" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/125-43120">"The Queen Golden Jubilee Medal List"</a>. The Governor General of Canada.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Queen+Golden+Jubilee+Medal+List&rft.pub=The+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fen%2Fhonours%2Frecipients%2F125-43120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Kenney" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/126-687">"The Diamond Jubilee Medal List"</a>. The Governor General of Canada.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Diamond+Jubilee+Medal+List&rft.pub=The+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fen%2Fhonours%2Frecipients%2F126-687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Kenney" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://officialresults.elections.ab.ca/orResultsPGE.cfm?EventId=40">"Provincial Results. By-election December 14, 2017"</a>. officialresults.elections.ab.ca. Elections Alberta.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=officialresults.elections.ab.ca&rft.atitle=Provincial+Results.+By-election+December+14%2C+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fofficialresults.elections.ab.ca%2ForResultsPGE.cfm%3FEventId%3D40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Kenney" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberta._Chief_Electoral_Officer2018" class="citation book cs1">Alberta. Chief Electoral Officer (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ab.ca/uploads/2017-Calgary-Lougheed-By-Election-Report.pdf">Report of the Chief Electoral Officer on the December 14, 2017 By-election in Calgary-Lougheed</a> (PDF). Edmonton: Elections Alberta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-988620-06-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-988620-06-0"><bdi>978-1-988620-06-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Chief+Electoral+Officer+on+the+December+14%2C+2017+By-election+in+Calgary-Lougheed&rft.place=Edmonton&rft.pub=Elections+Alberta&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-988620-06-0&rft.au=Alberta.+Chief+Electoral+Officer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ab.ca%2Fuploads%2F2017-Calgary-Lougheed-By-Election-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Kenney" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enr.elections.ca/ElectoralDistricts.aspx?lang=e">"October 19, 2015 Election Results — Calgary Midnapore (Validated results)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a>. October 21, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=October+19%2C+2015+Election+Results+%E2%80%94+Calgary+Midnapore+%28Validated+results%29&rft.pub=Elections+Canada&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenr.elections.ca%2FElectoralDistricts.aspx%3Flang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJason+Kenney" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand/canlim&document=index&lang=e">Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045200/http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand%2Fcanlim&document=index&lang=e">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jason_Kenney&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jason_Kenney" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/profileredirect?affiliationId=170319">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=16405">Jason Kenney – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openparliament.ca/politicians/jason-kenney/">Speeches, votes and activity</a> at OpenParliament.ca</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Premier_of_Alberta_Jason_Kenney_(2019–2022)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kenney_Ministry" title="Template:Kenney Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kenney_Ministry" title="Template talk:Kenney Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kenney_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kenney Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Premier_of_Alberta_Jason_Kenney_(2019–2022)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kenney_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenney Ministry">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">Premier of Alberta</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jason Kenney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Jason_Kenney" title="Premiership of Jason Kenney">2019–2022</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jason Kenney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Aheer" title="Leela Aheer">Leela Aheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Allard" title="Tracy Allard">Tracy Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Copping" title="Jason Copping">Jason Copping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devin_Dreeshen" title="Devin Dreeshen">Devin Dreeshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Fir" title="Tanya Fir">Tanya Fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nate_Glubish" title="Nate Glubish">Nate Glubish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nate_Horner" title="Nate Horner">Nate Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Hunter" title="Grant Hunter">Grant Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriana_LaGrange" title="Adriana LaGrange">Adriana LaGrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Luan" title="Jason Luan">Jason Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaycee_Madu" title="Kaycee Madu">Kaycee Madu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_McIver" title="Ric McIver">Ric McIver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Nally" title="Dale Nally">Dale Nally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Nicolaides" title="Demetrios Nicolaides">Demetrios Nicolaides </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Nixon" title="Jason Nixon">Jason Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasad_Panda" title="Prasad Panda">Prasad Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Pon" title="Josephine Pon">Josephine Pon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajan_Sawhney" title="Rajan Sawhney">Rajan Sawhney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonya_Savage" title="Sonya Savage">Sonya Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Schulz" title="Rebecca Schulz">Rebecca Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Schweitzer" title="Doug Schweitzer">Doug Schweitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Shandro" title="Tyler Shandro">Tyler Shandro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_Toews" title="Travis Toews">Travis Toews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Rick Wilson (Canadian politician)">Rick Wilson</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kenney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg/75px-Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg/113px-Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg/150px-Jason_Kenney_in_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="458" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#9999FF;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PC_Alberta" title="Template:PC Alberta"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PC_Alberta" title="Template talk:PC Alberta"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PC_Alberta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PC Alberta"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9999FF;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta#Party_leaders" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">Party leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._A._G._Haultain" title="Frederick W. A. G. Haultain">Haultain</a> (<a href="/wiki/North-West_Territories_Liberal-Conservative_Party" title="North-West Territories Liberal-Conservative Party">NWT</a>) ¤ <a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Robertson" title="Albert Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Michener" title="Edward Michener">Michener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hoadley_(Alberta_politician)" title="George Hoadley (Alberta politician)">Hoadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ramsey_(politician)" title="James Ramsey (politician)">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_McGillivray_(politician)" title="Alexander McGillivray (politician)">McGillivray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Milwyn_Duggan" title="David Milwyn Duggan">Duggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Percy_Page" title="John Percy Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_Kirby" title="Cam Kirby">Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Watkins" title="Ernest Watkins">Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milt_Harradence" title="Milt Harradence">Harradence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed" title="Peter Lougheed">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Getty" title="Don Getty">Getty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Stelmach" title="Ed Stelmach">Stelmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Redford" title="Alison Redford">Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Hancock" title="Dave Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prentice" title="Jim Prentice">Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_McIver" title="Ric McIver">McIver</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kenney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9999FF;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_elections" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership elections">Leadership elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1958_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1962 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1965 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" title="2006 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" title="2011 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" title="2014 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" title="2017 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">2017</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_(2006–2015)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harper_Ministry" title="Template:Harper Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harper_Ministry" title="Template talk:Harper Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harper_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harper Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_(2006–2015)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/28th_Canadian_Ministry" title="28th Canadian Ministry">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Stephen_Harper" title="Premiership of Stephen Harper">2006–2015</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Ablonczy" title="Diane Ablonczy">Diane Ablonczy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Aglukkaq" title="Leona Aglukkaq">Leona Aglukkaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Alexander_(politician)" title="Chris Alexander (politician)">Chris Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Ashfield" title="Keith Ashfield">Keith Ashfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">John Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Candice Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blackburn" title="Jean-Pierre Blackburn">Jean-Pierre Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Blaney" title="Steven Blaney">Steven Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Cannon" title="Lawrence Cannon">Lawrence Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chong" title="Michael Chong">Michael Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Tony Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Duncan (Canadian politician)">John Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">David Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Julian Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Ed Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry-Lynne_Findlay" title="Kerry-Lynne Findlay">Kerry-Lynne Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Diane Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Flaherty" title="Jim Flaherty">Jim Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_(politician)" title="Steven Fletcher (politician)">Steven Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortier" title="Michael Fortier">Michael Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelly_Glover" title="Shelly Glover">Shelly Glover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Goodyear" title="Gary Goodyear">Gary Goodyear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gosal" title="Bal Gosal">Bal Gosal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Guergis" title="Helena Guergis">Helena Guergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_Hearn" title="Loyola Hearn">Loyola Hearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Hill_(politician)" title="Jay Hill (politician)">Jay Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Holder" title="Ed Holder">Ed Holder</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jason Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kent" title="Peter Kent">Peter Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lebel" title="Denis Lebel">Denis Lebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_LeBreton" title="Marjory LeBreton">Marjory LeBreton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellie_Leitch" title="Kellie Leitch">Kellie Leitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Menzies" title="Ted Menzies">Ted Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Merrifield" title="Rob Merrifield">Rob Merrifield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Moore (Canadian politician)">James Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Moore_(politician)" title="Rob Moore (politician)">Rob Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_O%27Connor" title="Gordon O'Connor">Gordon O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bev_Oda" title="Bev Oda">Bev Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Oliver_(politician)" title="Joe Oliver (politician)">Joe Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Paradis" title="Christian Paradis">Christian Paradis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Penashue" title="Peter Penashue">Peter Penashue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prentice" title="Jim Prentice">Jim Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Lisa Raitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Rempel_Garner" title="Michelle Rempel Garner">Michelle Rempel Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Rickford" title="Greg Rickford">Greg Rickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Ritz" title="Gerry Ritz">Gerry Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Shea" title="Gail Shea">Gail Shea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Skelton" title="Carol Skelton">Carol Skelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Solberg" title="Monte Solberg">Monte Solberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sorenson" title="Kevin Sorenson">Kevin Sorenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Chuck Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Thompson" title="Greg Thompson">Greg Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Vic Toews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Tim Uppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Bernard Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9e_Verner" title="Josée Verner">Josée Verner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong" title="Alice Wong">Alice Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynne_Yelich" title="Lynne Yelich">Lynne Yelich</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_defence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_defence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Ministers of defence</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Militia_and_Defence_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Militia and Defence (Canada)">Ministers of militia and defence</a> (1867–1923)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier" title="George-Étienne Cartier">Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McDonald_(politician)" title="Hugh McDonald (politician)">McDonald </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ross_(Canadian_politician)" title="William Ross (Canadian politician)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Berrian_Vail" title="William Berrian Vail">Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilpin_Jones" title="Alfred Gilpin Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Rodrigue_Masson" title="Louis-Rodrigue Masson">Masson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe-Philippe_Caron" title="Adolphe-Philippe Caron">Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Colebrooke_Patterson" title="James Colebrooke Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rupert_Dickey" title="Arthur Rupert Dickey">Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Desjardins_(politician)" title="Alphonse Desjardins (politician)">Desjardins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tisdale" title="David Tisdale">Tisdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Borden" title="Frederick William Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hughes" title="Sam Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edward_Kemp" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Edward Kemp">Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chilton_Mewburn" title="Sydney Chilton Mewburn">Mewburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Calder" title="James Alexander Calder">Calder</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Ministers of national defence</a> (1923–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mortimer_Macdonald" title="Edward Mortimer Macdonald">E. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">Robb</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Matheson_Sutherland" title="Donald Matheson Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grote_Stirling" title="Grote Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_McLeod_Rogers" title="Norman McLeod Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McNaughton" title="Andrew McNaughton">McNaughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Abbott" title="Douglas Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Claxton" title="Brooke Claxton">Claxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Campney" title="Ralph Campney">Campney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pearkes" title="George Pearkes">Pearkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harkness" title="Douglas Harkness">Harkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Hellyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Cadieux" title="Léo Cadieux">Cadieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Drury</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stovel_Macdonald" title="Donald Stovel Macdonald">D. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Benson" title="Edgar Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Eudes_Dub%C3%A9" title="Jean-Eudes Dubé">Dubé</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Drury</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_Richardson" title="James Armstrong Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Danson" title="Barney Danson">Danson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_McKinnon" title="Allan McKinnon">McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Lamontagne" title="Gilles Lamontagne">Lamontagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Blais" title="Jean-Jacques Blais">Blais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Coates_(politician)" title="Robert Coates (politician)">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKnight" title="Bill McKnight">McKnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Masse" title="Marcel Masse">Masse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Siddon" title="Tom Siddon">Siddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collenette" title="David Collenette">Collenette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pratt_(politician)" title="David Pratt (politician)">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">B. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_O%27Connor" title="Gordon O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Blair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate ministers of national defence (1953–2013, 2015–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Campney" title="Ralph Campney">Campney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Hellyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_S%C3%A9vigny_(politician)" title="Pierre Sévigny (politician)">Sévigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Cardin" title="Lucien Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Cadieux" title="Léo Cadieux">Cadieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvie_Andre" title="Harvie Andre">Andre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dick" title="Paul Dick">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Collins_(politician)" title="Mary Collins (politician)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albina_Guarnieri" title="Albina Guarnieri">Guarnieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauril_B%C3%A9langer" title="Mauril Bélanger">Bélanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry-Lynne_Findlay" title="Kerry-Lynne Findlay">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hehr" title="Kent Hehr">Hehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Wilson-Raybould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of the naval service (1910–22)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Brodeur" title="Louis-Philippe Brodeur">Brodeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Lemieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Hazen" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Hazen">Hazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ballantyne" title="Charles Ballantyne">Ballantyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World War I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ministers of the overseas military forces (1916–20)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Halsey_Perley" title="George Halsey Perley">Perley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edward_Kemp" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Edward Kemp">Kemp</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_for_Air_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence for Air (Canada)">Ministers of national defence for air</a> (1940–46)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angus_Lewis_Macdonald" title="Angus Lewis Macdonald">Macdonald</a> (acting)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Colin_W._G._Gibson" title="Colin W. G. Gibson">Gibson</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_for_Naval_Services_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence for Naval Services (Canada)">Ministers of national defence for naval services</a> (1940–46)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angus_Lewis_Macdonald" title="Angus Lewis Macdonald">Macdonald</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Abbott" title="Douglas Abbott">Abbott</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Ministers of national war services (1940–48)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Garfield_Gardiner" title="James Garfield Gardiner">Gardiner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thorarinn_Thorson" title="Joseph Thorarinn Thorson">Thorson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Richer_Lafl%C3%A8che" title="Léo Richer Laflèche">Laflèche</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_McCann" title="James Joseph McCann">McCann</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_labour" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Labour" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Labour"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Labour" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Labour"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Labour" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Labour"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_labour" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_(Canada)" title="Minister of Labour (Canada)">Ministers of labour</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_(Canada)" title="Minister of Labour (Canada)">Ministers of Labour</a> (1900–96)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Mulock" title="William Mulock">Mulock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Bristol_Aylesworth" title="Allen Bristol Aylesworth">Aylesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Lemieux</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">W. L. M. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_Crothers" title="Thomas Wilson Crothers">Crothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Robertson" title="Gideon Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Murdock_(politician)" title="James Murdock (politician)">Murdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">J. H. King</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Manion" title="Robert James Manion">Manion</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burpee_Jones" title="George Burpee Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Heenan" title="Peter Heenan">Heenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Robertson" title="Gideon Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Ashton_Gordon" title="Wesley Ashton Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_McLeod_Rogers" title="Norman McLeod Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Alexander_McLarty" title="Norman Alexander McLarty">McLarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Mitchell" title="Humphrey Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin_Sr." title="Paul Martin Sr.">Martin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Fowler_Gregg" title="Milton Fowler Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Starr_(politician)" title="Michael Starr (politician)">Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Nicholson" title="John Robert Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Pépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Mackasey" title="Bryce Mackasey">Mackasey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Connell_(politician)" title="Martin O'Connell (politician)">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Munro_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Munro (Canadian politician)">Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Connell_(politician)" title="Martin O'Connell (politician)">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Alexander" title="Lincoln Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Caccia" title="Charles Caccia">Caccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKnight" title="Bill McKnight">McKnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cadieux" title="Pierre Cadieux">Cadieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corbeil" title="Jean Corbeil">Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Danis" title="Marcel Danis">Danis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Axworthy" title="Lloyd Axworthy">Axworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Human Resources Development (1996–2005)2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Stewart_(politician)" title="Jane Stewart (politician)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Frulla" title="Liza Frulla">Frulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Dryden" title="Ken Dryden">Dryden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Human Resources and Skills Development (2005–13)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Stronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Solberg" title="Monte Solberg">Solberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Finley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Employment and Social Development (2013–15)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Poilievre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Families, Children and Social Development (2015–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Duclos</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Labour (1996–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Gagliano" title="Alfonso Gagliano">Gagliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Bradshaw" title="Claudette Bradshaw">Bradshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Fontana" title="Joe Fontana">Fontana</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blackburn" title="Jean-Pierre Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Raitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellie_Leitch" title="Kellie Leitch">Leitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Employment, Workforce and Labour (2015–2019)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MaryAnn_Mihychuk" title="MaryAnn Mihychuk">Mihychuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Hajdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Labour (2019–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_MacKinnon" title="Steven MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller;"><div>1Until 1909, the office of the minister of Labour was a secondary function of the Postmaster-General of Canada. W. L. M. King was the first to hold the office independently. 2The office of Minister of Employment and Immigration, and Minister of Labour were abolished and the office of Minister of Human Resources Development went in force on July 12, 1996. Under the new provisions, a Minister of Labour may be appointed. However, when no Minister of Labour is appointed, the Minister of Human Resources Development shall exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the Minister of Labour. 3Styled "Minister of Labour and Housing".</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_citizenship_and_immigration" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Citizenship_and_Immigration" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Citizenship and Immigration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Citizenship_and_Immigration" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Citizenship and Immigration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Citizenship_and_Immigration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Citizenship and Immigration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_citizenship_and_immigration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Citizenship_and_Immigration_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (Canada)">Ministers of citizenship and immigration</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of citizenship and immigration (1950–66)1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Edward_Harris" title="Walter Edward Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pickersgill" title="Jack Pickersgill">Pickersgill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davie_Fulton" title="Davie Fulton">Fulton</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Fairclough" title="Ellen Fairclough">Fairclough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Bell" title="Dick Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Favreau" title="Guy Favreau">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Tremblay" title="René Tremblay">Tremblay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Nicholson" title="John Robert Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marchand" title="Jean Marchand">Marchand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of citizenship and immigration (1994–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Marchi_(politician)" title="Sergio Marchi (politician)">Marchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Caplan" title="Elinor Caplan">Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Coderre" title="Denis Coderre">Coderre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Sgro" title="Judy Sgro">Sgro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Volpe" title="Joe Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Solberg" title="Monte Solberg">Solberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Finley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Alexander_(politician)" title="Chris Alexander (politician)">Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of immigration, refugees and citizenship (2015–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussen" title="Ahmed Hussen">Hussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Mendicino" title="Marco Mendicino">Mendicino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Fraser_(politician)" title="Sean Fraser (politician)">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(politician)" title="Marc Miller (politician)">Miller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1The office of Minister of Citizenship and Immigration was abolished and the office of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Manpower_and_Immigration_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Manpower and Immigration (Canada)">Minister of Manpower and Immigration</a> was proclaimed in force October 1, 1966.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premiers_of_Alberta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ABPremiers" title="Template:ABPremiers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ABPremiers" title="Template talk:ABPremiers"><abbr title="Discuss 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href="/wiki/Richard_Gavin_Reid" title="Richard Gavin Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Aberhart" title="William Aberhart">Aberhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Manning" title="Ernest Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Strom" title="Harry Strom">Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed" title="Peter Lougheed">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Getty" title="Don Getty">Getty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Stelmach" title="Ed Stelmach">Stelmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Redford" title="Alison Redford">Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Hancock" title="Dave Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prentice" title="Jim Prentice">Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Notley" title="Rachel Notley">Notley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Smith" title="Danielle Smith">Smith</a></li></ul> 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3162959#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3162959#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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