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conditions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: unsaturated conditions"> <meta name="keywords" content="unsaturated conditions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="unsaturated conditions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10041</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: unsaturated conditions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10041</span> Calibration of Resistance Factors for Reliability-Based Design of Driven Piles Considering Unsaturated Soil Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amin%20Tutunchian">Mohammad Amin Tutunchian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedram%20Roshani"> Pedram Roshani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Rezvani"> Reza Rezvani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20%C3%81ngel%20Infante%20Sedano"> Julio Ángel Infante Sedano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The highly recommended approach to design, known as the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method, employs the geotechnical resistance factor (GRF) for shaping pile foundation designs. Within the standard process for designing pile foundations, geotechnical engineers commonly adopt a design strategy rooted in saturated soil mechanics (SSM), often disregarding the impact of unsaturated soil behavior. This oversight within the design procedure leads to the omission of the enhancement in shear strength exhibited by unsaturated soils, resulting in a more cautious outcome in design results. This research endeavors to present a methodology for fine-tuning the GRF used for axially loaded driven piles in Winnipeg, Canada. This is achieved through the application of a well-established probabilistic approach known as the first-order second moment (FOSM) method while also accounting for the influence of unsaturated soil behavior. The findings of this study demonstrate that incorporating the influence of unsaturated conditions yields an elevation in projected bearing capacity and recommends higher GRF values in accordance with established codes. Additionally, a novel factor referred to as phy has been introduced to encompass the impact of saturation conditions in the calculation of pile bearing capacity, as guided by prevalent static analysis techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soils" title="unsaturated soils">unsaturated soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LRFD" title=" LRFD"> LRFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOSM" title=" FOSM"> FOSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GRF" title=" GRF"> GRF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171224/calibration-of-resistance-factors-for-reliability-based-design-of-driven-piles-considering-unsaturated-soil-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10040</span> Investigation of Slope Stability in Gravel Soils in Unsaturated State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Abolhasan%20Naeini">Seyyed Abolhasan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Azini"> Ehsan Azini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider the stability of a slope of 10 meters in silty gravel soils with modeling in the Geostudio Software.  we intend to use the parameters of the volumetric water content and suction dependent permeability and provides relationships and graphs using the parameters obtained from gradation tests and Atterberg’s limits. Also, different conditions of the soil will be investigated, including: checking the factor of safety and deformation rates and pore water pressure in drained, non-drained and unsaturated conditions, as well as the effect of reducing the water level on other parameters. For this purpose, it is assumed that the groundwater level is at a depth of 2 meters from the ground.  Then, with decreasing water level, the safety factor of slope stability was investigated and it was observed that with decreasing water level, the safety factor increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability%20analysis" title="slope stability analysis">slope stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20of%20safety" title=" factor of safety"> factor of safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20silty%20gravel%20soil" title=" unsaturated silty gravel soil"> unsaturated silty gravel soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107320/investigation-of-slope-stability-in-gravel-soils-in-unsaturated-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10039</span> Matric Suction Effects on Behavior of Unsaturated Soil Slope</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Mousivand">Mohsen Mousivand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesam%20Aminpour"> Hesam Aminpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil slopes are usually located above the groundwater level that are largely unsaturated. It is possible that unsaturated soil of slope has expanded or collapsed as a result of wetting by rain or other factor that this type of soil behavior can cause serious problems including human and financial damage. The main factor causing this difference in behavior of saturated and unsaturated state of soil is matric suction that is created by interface of the soil and water in the soil pores. So far theoretical studies show that matric suction has important effect on the mechanical behavior of soil although the impact of this factor on slope stability has not been studied. This paper presents a numerical study of effect of matric suction on slope stability. The results of the study indicate that safety factor and stability of soil slope increase due to an increasing of matric suction and in view of matric suction leads to more accurate results and safety factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title="slope">slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42790/matric-suction-effects-on-behavior-of-unsaturated-soil-slope" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10038</span> Investigating Optical Properties of Unsaturated Polyurethane Matrix and Its Glass Fiber Composite Under Extreme Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Ahmed">Saad Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Khannaa"> Sanjeev Khannaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glass fiber reinforced polymers are widely used in structural systems as load-bearing elements at both high and low temperatures. This investigation presents the evaluation of glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyurethane under harsh conditions of changing temperature and moisture content. This study Explores how these parameters affect the optical properties of the polymer matrix and the composite. Using the hand layup method, the polyurethane resin was modified by E-glass fibers (15 vol. %) to manufacture fiber-reinforced composite. This work includes the preparation of glass-like polyurethane resin sheets and estimates all light transmittance properties at high and very low temperatures and wet conditions. All-optical properties were retested to evaluate the level of improvement or failure. The results found that when comprising reinforced composite fiber to the unreinforced specimens, the reinforced composite shows a fair optical property at high temperatures and good performance at low temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20polyurethane" title="unsaturated polyurethane">unsaturated polyurethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20temperatures" title=" extreme temperatures"> extreme temperatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20transmittance" title=" light transmittance"> light transmittance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haze%20number" title=" haze number"> haze number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120589/investigating-optical-properties-of-unsaturated-polyurethane-matrix-and-its-glass-fiber-composite-under-extreme-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10037</span> Modelling Interactions between Saturated and Unsaturated Zones by Hydrus 1D, Plain of Kairouan, Central Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariem%20Saadi">Mariem Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabri%20Kanzari"> Sabri Kanzari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Zghibi"> Adel Zghibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In semi-arid areas like the Kairouan region, the constant irrigation with saline water and the overuse of groundwater resources, soils and aquifers salinization has become an increasing concern. In this study, a methodology has been developed to evaluate the groundwater contamination risk based on the unsaturated zone hydraulic properties. Two soil profiles with different ranges of salinity, one located in the north of the plain and another one in the south of plain (each 30 m deep) and both characterized by direct recharge of the aquifer were chosen. Simulations were conducted with Hydrus-1D code using measured precipitation data for the period 1998-2003 and calculated evapotranspiration for both chosen profiles. Four combinations of initial conditions of water content and salt concentration were used for the simulation process in order to find the best match between simulated and measured values. The success of the calibration of Hydrus-1D allowed the investigation of some scenarios in order to assess the contamination risk under different natural conditions. The aquifer risk contamination is related to the natural conditions where it increased while facing climate change and temperature increase and decreased in the presence of a clay layer in the unsaturated zone. Hydrus-1D was a useful tool to predict the groundwater level and quality in the case of a direct recharge and in the absence of any information related to the soil layers except for the texture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hydrus-1D" title="Hydrus-1D">Hydrus-1D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kairouan" title=" Kairouan"> Kairouan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinization" title=" salinization"> salinization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-arid%20region" title=" semi-arid region"> semi-arid region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solute%20transport" title=" solute transport"> solute transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20zone" title=" unsaturated zone"> unsaturated zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71981/modelling-interactions-between-saturated-and-unsaturated-zones-by-hydrus-1d-plain-of-kairouan-central-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10036</span> Development of In Situ Permeability Test Using Constant Discharge Method for Sandy Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rifa%E2%80%99i">A. Rifa’i</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Takeshita"> Y. Takeshita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Komatsu"> M. Komatsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The post-rain puddles problem that occurs in the first yard of Prambanan Temple are often disturbing visitor activity. A poodle layer and a drainage system has ever built to avoid such a problem, but puddles still didn’t stop appearing after rain. Permeability parameter needs to be determined by using more simple procedure to find exact method of solution. The instrument modelling were proposed according to the development of field permeability testing instrument. This experiment used proposed Constant Discharge method. Constant Discharge method used a tube poured with constant water flow. The procedure were carried out from unsaturated until saturated soil condition. Volumetric water content (θ) were being monitored by soil moisture measurement device. The results were relationship between k and θ which drawn by numerical approach Van Genutchen model. Parameters θr optimum value obtained from the test was at very dry soil. Coefficient of permeability with a density of 19.8 kN/m3 for unsaturated conditions was in range of 3 x 10-6 cm/sec (Sr= 68 %) until 9.98 x 10-4 cm/sec (Sr= 82 %). The equipment and testing procedure developed in this research was quite effective, simple and easy to be implemented on determining field soil permeability coefficient value of sandy soil. Using constant discharge method in proposed permeability test, value of permeability coefficient under unsaturated condition can be obtained without establish soil water characteristic curve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20discharge%20method" title="constant discharge method">constant discharge method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ%20permeability%20test" title=" in situ permeability test"> in situ permeability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20soil" title=" sandy soil"> sandy soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20conditions" title=" unsaturated conditions"> unsaturated conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18447/development-of-in-situ-permeability-test-using-constant-discharge-method-for-sandy-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10035</span> Effect of Subsequent Drying and Wetting on the Small Strain Shear Modulus of Unsaturated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khosravi">A. Khosravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ghadirian"> S. Ghadirian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20McCartney"> J. S. McCartney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaluation of the seismic-induced settlement of an unsaturated soil layer depends on several variables, among which the small strain shear modulus, Gmax, and soil’s state of stress have been demonstrated to be of particular significance. Recent interpretation of trends in Gmax revealed considerable effects of the degree of saturation and hydraulic hysteresis on the shear stiffness of soils in unsaturated states. Accordingly, the soil layer is expected to experience different settlement behaviors depending on the soil saturation and seasonal weathering conditions. In this study, a semi-empirical formulation was adapted to extend an existing Gmax model to infer hysteretic effects along different paths of the SWRC including scanning curves. The suitability of the proposed approach is validated against experimental results from a suction-controlled resonant column test and from data reported in literature. The model was observed to follow the experimental data along different paths of the SWRC, and showed a slight hysteresis in shear modulus along the scanning curves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20hysteresis" title="hydraulic hysteresis">hydraulic hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20path" title=" scanning path"> scanning path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20strain%20shear%20modulus" title=" small strain shear modulus"> small strain shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36299/effect-of-subsequent-drying-and-wetting-on-the-small-strain-shear-modulus-of-unsaturated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10034</span> Prediction of Permeability of Frozen Unsaturated Soil Using Van Genuchten Model and Fredlund-Xing Model in Soil Vision</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavita%20S.%20Dave">Bhavita S. Dave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaimin%20Vaidya"> Jaimin Vaidya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandresh%20H.%20Solanki"> Chandresh H. Solanki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20K."> Atul K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To measure the permeability of a soil specimen, one of the basic assumptions of Darcy's law is that the soil sample should be saturated. Unlike saturated soils, the permeability of unsaturated soils cannot be found using conventional methods as it does not follow Darcy's law. Many empirical models, such as the Van Genuchten Model and Fredlund-Xing Model were suggested to predict permeability value for unsaturated soil. Such models use data from the soil-freezing characteristic curve to find fitting parameters for frozen unsaturated soils. In this study, soil specimens were subjected to 0, 1, 3, and 5 freezing-thawing (F-T) cycles for different degrees of saturation to have a wide range of suction, and its soil freezing characteristic curves were formulated for all F-T cycles. Changes in fitting parameters and relative permeability with subsequent F-T cycles are presented in this paper for both models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frozen%20unsaturated%20soil" title="frozen unsaturated soil">frozen unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fredlund%20Xing%20model" title=" Fredlund Xing model"> Fredlund Xing model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-freezing%20characteristic%20curve" title=" soil-freezing characteristic curve"> soil-freezing characteristic curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Genuchten%20model" title=" Van Genuchten model"> Van Genuchten model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131717/prediction-of-permeability-of-frozen-unsaturated-soil-using-van-genuchten-model-and-fredlund-xing-model-in-soil-vision" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10033</span> Prediction of Unsaturated Permeability Functions for Clayey Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Louati">F. Louati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Trabelsi"> H. Trabelsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jamei"> M. Jamei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Desiccation cracks following drainage-humidification cycles. With water loss, mainly due to evaporation, suction in the soil increases, producing volumetric shrinkage and tensile stress. When the tensile stress reaches tensile strength, the soil cracks. Desiccation cracks networks can directly control soil hydraulic properties. The aim of this study was for quantifying the hydraulic properties for examples the water retention curve, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, the shrinkage dynamics in Tibar soil- clay soil in the Northern of Tunisia. Then a numerical simulation of unsaturated hydraulic properties for a crack network has been attempted. The finite elements code ‘CODE_BRIGHT’ can be used to follow the hydraulic distribution in cracked porous media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desiccation" title="desiccation">desiccation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracks" title=" cracks"> cracks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20hydraulic%20flow" title=" unsaturated hydraulic flow"> unsaturated hydraulic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44245/prediction-of-unsaturated-permeability-functions-for-clayey-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10032</span> Mechanical Properties of Palm Oil-Based Resin Containing Unsaturated Polyester</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Fakhari">Alireza Fakhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Razak%20Rahmat"> Abdul Razak Rahmat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, new palm oil-based polymer systems have been produced by blending unsaturated polyester (UPE) and maleinated, acrylated epoxidized palm oil (MAEPO). The MAEPO/UPE ratio was varied between 10/90 and 40/60 wt%. The influences of various loadings of MAEPO (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) on tensile, flexural and impact properties of resulting polymer systems were investigated. The results revealed that, these bio-based polymer systems exhibit mechanical properties comparable to those of petroleum-based polymers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil" title="palm oil">palm oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-based%20resin" title=" bio-based resin"> bio-based resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20resources" title=" renewable resources"> renewable resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20polyester%20resin" title=" unsaturated polyester resin"> unsaturated polyester resin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18966/mechanical-properties-of-palm-oil-based-resin-containing-unsaturated-polyester" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10031</span> Modified Evaluation of the Hydro-Mechanical Dependency of the Water Coefficient of Permeability of a Clayey Sand with a Novel Permeameter for Unsaturated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Adelian">G. Adelian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirzaii"> A. Mirzaii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Yasrobi"> S. S. Yasrobi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper represents data of an extensive experimental laboratory testing program for the measurement of the water coefficient of permeability of clayey sand in different hydraulic and mechanical boundary conditions. A novel permeameter was designed and constructed for the experimental testing program, suitable for the study of flow in unsaturated soils in different hydraulic and mechanical loading conditions. In this work, the effect of hydraulic hysteresis, net isotropic confining stress, water flow condition, and sample dimensions are evaluated on the water coefficient of permeability of understudying soil. The experimental results showed a hysteretic variation for the water coefficient of permeability versus matrix suction and degree of saturation, with higher values in drying portions of the SWCC. The measurement of the water permeability in different applied net isotropic stress also signified that the water coefficient of permeability increased within the increment of net isotropic consolidation stress. The water coefficient of permeability also appeared to be independent of different applied flow heads, water flow condition, and sample dimensions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20permeability" title="water permeability">water permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soils" title=" unsaturated soils"> unsaturated soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20hysteresis" title=" hydraulic hysteresis"> hydraulic hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20ratio" title=" void ratio"> void ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20suction" title=" matrix suction"> matrix suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20saturation" title=" degree of saturation"> degree of saturation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4905/modified-evaluation-of-the-hydro-mechanical-dependency-of-the-water-coefficient-of-permeability-of-a-clayey-sand-with-a-novel-permeameter-for-unsaturated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10030</span> Kinetic Study of the Esterification of Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Salmon Oil (Salmosalar L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Luis%20Lima%20de%20Oliveira">André Luis Lima de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20L%C3%BAcia%20Viana%20do%20Nascimento"> Vera Lúcia Viana do Nascimento</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vict%C3%B3ria%20Maura%20Silva%20Bermudez">Victória Maura Silva Bermudez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20Nunes%20Kleinberg"> Mauricio Nunes Kleinberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20Carlos%20da%20Costa%20Assun%C3%A7%C3%A3o"> João Carlos da Costa Assunção</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Osvaldo%20Beserra%20Carioca"> José Osvaldo Beserra Carioca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to synthesize a triglyceride with high content of unsaturated fatty acids from salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) by esterification with glycerol catalyzed dealuminized zeolite. A kinetic study was conducted to determine the reaction order and the activation energy. A statistical study was conducted to determine optimal reaction conditions. Initially, the crude oil was refined salmon physically and chemically. The crude oil was hydrolyzed and unsaturated free fatty acids were separated by urea complexation method. An experimental project to verify the parameters (temperature, glycerin and catalyst) with the greatest impact on the reaction was developed. In experiments aliquots were taken at predetermined times to measure the amount of free fatty acids. Pareto, surface, contour and hub graphs were used to determine the factors that maximized the reaction. According to the graphs the best reaction conditions were: temperature 80 ° C, the proportion glycerine/oil 5: 1 and 1% of catalyst. The kinetic data showed that the system was compatible with a second-order reaction. After analyzing the rate constant versus temperature charts a value of 85.31 kJ/mol was obtained for the reaction activation energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title="esterification">esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinect" title=" kinect"> kinect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salmon" title=" salmon"> salmon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21393/kinetic-study-of-the-esterification-of-unsaturated-fatty-acids-from-salmon-oil-salmosalar-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10029</span> Influence of Culture Conditions on the Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Green Microalgae Oocystis rhomboideus, Scenedesmus obliquus, Dictyochlorella globosa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20A.%20Karpenyuk">Tatyana A. Karpenyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saltanat%20B.%20Orazova"> Saltanat B. Orazova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yana%20S.%20Tzurkan"> Yana S. Tzurkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alla%20V.%20Goncharova"> Alla V. Goncharova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakytzhan%20K.%20Kairat"> Bakytzhan K. Kairat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Togzhan%20D.%20Mukasheva"> Togzhan D. Mukasheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20V.%20Ignatova"> Ludmila V. Ignatova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramza%20Z.%20Berzhanova"> Ramza Z. Berzhanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae due to the ability to accumulate high levels of practically valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids attract attention as a promising raw material for commercial products. It were defined the features of the growth processes of cells green protococcal microalgae Oocystis rhomboideus, Scenedesmus obliquus, Dictyochlorella globosa at cultivation in different nutritional mediums. For the rapid accumulation of biomass, combined with high productivity of total lipids fraction yield recommended to use the Fitzgerald medium (Scenodesmus obliquus, Oocystis rhomboideus) and/or Bold medium (Dictyochlorella globosa). Productivity of lipids decreased in sequence Dictyochlorella globosa > Scenodesmus obliquus > Oocystis rhomboideus. The bulk of fatty acids fraction of the total lipids is unsaturated fatty acids, which accounts for 70 to 83% of the total number of fatty acids. The share of monoenic acids varies from 16 to 36 %, the share of unsaturated fatty acids - from 44 to 65% of total fatty acids fraction. Among the unsaturated acids dominate α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), hexadecatetraenic acid (C16:4) and linoleic acid (C18:2). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipids" title=" lipids"> lipids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids" title=" fatty acids"> fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20conditions" title=" culture conditions"> culture conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10149/influence-of-culture-conditions-on-the-growth-and-fatty-acid-composition-of-green-microalgae-oocystis-rhomboideus-scenedesmus-obliquus-dictyochlorella-globosa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10028</span> Influence of Rainfall Intensity on Infiltration and Deformation of Unsaturated Soil Slopes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouziane%20Mohamed%20Tewfik">Bouziane Mohamed Tewfik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to improve the understanding of the influence of rainfall intensity on infiltration and deformation behaviour of unsaturated soil slopes, numerical 2D analyses are carried out by a three phase elasto-viscoplastic seepage-deformation coupled method. From the numerical results, it is shown that regardless of the saturated permeability of the soil slope, the increase in the pore water pressure (reduction in suction) during rainfall infiltration is localized close to the slope surface. In addition, the generation of the pore water pressure and the lateral displacement are mainly controlled by the ratio of the rainfall intensity to the saturated permeability of the soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title="unsaturated soil">unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20infiltration" title=" rainfall infiltration"> rainfall infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7217/influence-of-rainfall-intensity-on-infiltration-and-deformation-of-unsaturated-soil-slopes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10027</span> Laboratory Study on Behavior of Compacted Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Mekkakia">M. M. Mekkakia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P%20Luong"> M. P Luong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Arab"> A. Arab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These controlling the water content of compaction are a major concern of fundamental civil engineers. Also, the knowledge of the fundamentals of the behaviour of compacted clay soils is essential to predict and quantify the effects of a change in water content. The study of unsaturated soils is a very complex area which several studies are directed to in recent years. Our job work is to perform tests of Proctor, Oedometer and shear, on samples of unsaturated clay in order to see the influence of water content on the compressibility and the shear strength. The samples were prepared at different amounts of water from water content to optimum water contents close to saturation. This study thus allowed us to measure and monitor the parameters of compressibility and shear strength as a function of water content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20tests" title="laboratory tests">laboratory tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atterberg%20limits" title=" atterberg limits"> atterberg limits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title=" compaction"> compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressibility" title=" compressibility"> compressibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear" title=" shear"> shear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3580/laboratory-study-on-behavior-of-compacted-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10026</span> Numerical Simulations of Frost Heave Using COMSOL Multiphysics Software in Unsaturated Freezing Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Soltanpour">Sara Soltanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adolfo%20Foriero"> Adolfo Foriero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Frost heave is arguably the most problematic adverse phenomenon in cold region areas. Frost heave is a complex process that depends on heat and water transfer. These coupled physical fields generate considerable heave stresses as well as deformations. In the present study, a coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) model using COMSOL Multiphysics in frozen unsaturated soils, such as fine sand, is investigated. Particular attention to the frost heave and temperature distribution, as well as the water migrating during soil freezing, is assessed. The results obtained from the numerical simulations are consistent with the results measured in the full-scale tests conducted by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frost%20heave" title="frost heave">frost heave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulations" title=" numerical simulations"> numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COMSOL%20software" title=" COMSOL software"> COMSOL software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20freezing%20soil" title=" unsaturated freezing soil"> unsaturated freezing soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156569/numerical-simulations-of-frost-heave-using-comsol-multiphysics-software-in-unsaturated-freezing-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10025</span> Effect of Filter Paper Technique in Measuring Hydraulic Capacity of Unsaturated Expansive Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenechi%20Kurtis%20Onochie">Kenechi Kurtis Onochie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows the use of filter paper technique in the measurement of matric suction of unsaturated expansive soil around the Haspolat region of Lefkosa, North Cyprus in other to establish the soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) or soil water retention curve (SWRC). The dry filter paper approach which is standardized by ASTM, 2003, D 5298-03 in which the filter paper is initially dry was adopted. The whatman No. 42 filter paper was used in the matric suction measurement. The maximum dry density of the soil was obtained as 2.66kg/cm³ and the optimum moisture content as 21%. The soil was discovered to have high air entry value of 1847.46KPa indicating finer particles and 25% hydraulic capacity using filter paper technique. The filter paper technique proved to be very useful for measuring the hydraulic capacity of unsaturated expansive soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWCC" title="SWCC">SWCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20paper" title=" filter paper"> filter paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title=" expansive soil"> expansive soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105060/effect-of-filter-paper-technique-in-measuring-hydraulic-capacity-of-unsaturated-expansive-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10024</span> Investigation of Corrosion of Steel Buried in Unsaturated Soil in the Presence of Cathodic Protection: The Modified Voltammetry Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandlenkosi%20G.%20R.%20Mahlobo">Mandlenkosi G. R. Mahlobo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20A.%20Olubambi"> Peter A. Olubambi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Refait"> Philippe Refait</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to use voltammetry as a method to understand the behaviour of steel in unsaturated soil in the presence of cathodic protection (CP). Three carbon steel coupons were buried in artificial soil wetted at 65-70% of saturation for 37 days. All three coupons were left at open circuit potential (OCP) for the first seven days in the unsaturated soil before CP, which was only applied on two of the three coupons at the protection potential -0.8 V vs Cu/CuSO₄ for the remaining 30 days of the experiment. Voltammetry was performed weekly on the coupon without CP, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed daily to monitor and correct the applied CP potential from the ohmic drop. Voltammetry was finally performed on the last day on the coupons under CP. All the voltammograms were modeled with mathematical equations in order to compute the electrochemical parameters and subsequently deduced the corrosion rate of the steel coupons. For the coupon without CP, the corrosion rate was determined at 300 µm/y. For the coupons under CP, the residual corrosion rate under CP was estimated at 12 µm/y while the corrosion rate of the coupons, after interruption of CP, was estimated at 25 µm/y. This showed that CP was efficient due to two effects: a direct effect from the decreased potential and an induced effect associated with the increased interfacial pH that promoted the formation of a protective layer on the steel surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20steel" title="carbon steel">carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathodic%20protection" title=" cathodic protection"> cathodic protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltammetry" title=" voltammetry"> voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171319/investigation-of-corrosion-of-steel-buried-in-unsaturated-soil-in-the-presence-of-cathodic-protection-the-modified-voltammetry-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10023</span> Utilization of Discarded PET and Concrete Aggregates in Construction Causes: A Green Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjun">Arjun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Singh"> A. D. Singh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to resolve the solid waste problems caused by plastics and concrete demolition as well. In order to that mechanical properties of polymer concrete; in particular, polymer concrete made of unsaturated polyester resins from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste and recycled concrete aggregates is carried out. Properly formulated unsaturated polyester based on recycled PET is mixed with inorganic aggregates to produce polymer concrete. Apart from low manufacturing cost, polymer concrete blend has acceptable properties, to go through it. The prior objectives of the paper is to investigate the mechanical properties, i.e. compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and the flexural strength of polymer concrete blend using an unsaturated polyester resin based on recycled PET. The relationships between the mechanical properties are also analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20terephthalate%20%28PET%29" title="polyethylene terephthalate (PET)">polyethylene terephthalate (PET)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20aggregates" title=" concrete aggregates"> concrete aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splitting%20tensile%20strength" title=" splitting tensile strength "> splitting tensile strength </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17683/utilization-of-discarded-pet-and-concrete-aggregates-in-construction-causes-a-green-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10022</span> Determination of Unsaturated Soil Permeability Based on Geometric Factor Development of Constant Discharge Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rifa%E2%80%99i">A. Rifa’i</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Takeshita"> Y. Takeshita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Komatsu"> M. Komatsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006, the main problem that occurred in the first yard of Prambanan Temple is ponding area that occurred after rainfall. Soil characterization needs to be determined by conducting several processes, especially permeability coefficient (<em>k</em>) in both saturated and unsaturated conditions to solve this problem. More accurate and efficient field testing procedure is required to obtain permeability data that present the field condition. One of the field permeability test equipment is Constant Discharge procedure to determine the permeability coefficient. Necessary adjustments of the Constant Discharge procedure are needed to be determined especially the value of geometric factor (<em>F</em>) to improve the corresponding value of permeability coefficient. The value of <em>k</em> will be correlated with the value of volumetric water content (<em>θ</em>) of an unsaturated condition until saturated condition. The principle procedure of Constant Discharge model provides a constant flow in permeameter tube that flows into the ground until the water level in the tube becomes constant. Constant water level in the tube is highly dependent on the tube dimension. Every tube dimension has a shape factor called the geometric factor that affects the result of the test. Geometric factor value is defined as the characteristic of shape and radius of the tube. This research has modified the geometric factor parameters by using empty material tube method so that the geometric factor will change. Saturation level is monitored by using soil moisture sensor. The field test results were compared with the results of laboratory tests to validate the results of the test. Field and laboratory test results of empty tube material method have an average difference of 3.33 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm/sec. The test results showed that modified geometric factor provides more accurate data. The improved methods of constant discharge procedure provide more relevant results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20discharge" title="constant discharge">constant discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20factor" title=" geometric factor"> geometric factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability%20coefficient" title=" permeability coefficient"> permeability coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soils" title=" unsaturated soils"> unsaturated soils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53617/determination-of-unsaturated-soil-permeability-based-on-geometric-factor-development-of-constant-discharge-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10021</span> Analytical Solution for Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Analysis of Unsaturated Porous Media Using AG Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davood%20Yazdani%20Cherati">Davood Yazdani Cherati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Hashemi%20Senejani"> Hussein Hashemi Senejani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a convenient analytical solution for a system of coupled differential equations, derived from thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis of three-phase porous media such as unsaturated soils is developed. This kind of analysis can be used in various fields such as geothermal energy systems and seepage of leachate from buried municipal and domestic waste in geomaterials. Initially, a system of coupled differential equations, including energy, mass, and momentum conservation equations is considered, and an analytical method called AGM is employed to solve the problem. The method is straightforward and comprehensible and can be used to solve various nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Results indicate the accuracy of the applied method for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AGM" title="AGM">AGM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title=" analytical solution"> analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title=" porous media"> porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-hydro-mechanical" title=" thermo-hydro-mechanical"> thermo-hydro-mechanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soils" title=" unsaturated soils"> unsaturated soils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111390/analytical-solution-for-thermo-hydro-mechanical-analysis-of-unsaturated-porous-media-using-ag-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10020</span> Reliability-Based Design of an Earth Slope Taking into Account Unsaturated Soil Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20T.%20Siacara">A. T. Siacara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20T.%20Beck"> A. T. Beck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Futai"> M. M. Futai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows how accurately and efficiently reliability analyses of geotechnical installations can be performed by directly coupling geotechnical software with a reliability solver. An earth slope is used as the study object. The limit equilibrium method of Morgenstern-Price is used to calculate factors of safety and find the critical slip surface. The deterministic software package Seep/W and Slope/W is coupled with the StRAnD reliability software. Reliability indexes of critical probabilistic surfaces are evaluated by the first-order reliability methods (FORM). By means of sensitivity analysis, the effective cohesion (c') is found to be the most relevant uncertain geotechnical parameter for slope equilibrium. The slope was tested using different geometries, taking into account unsaturated soil properties. Finally, a critical slip surface, identified in terms of minimum factor of safety, is shown here not to be the critical surface in terms of reliability index. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title="slope">slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated" title=" unsaturated"> unsaturated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seepage" title=" seepage"> seepage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126812/reliability-based-design-of-an-earth-slope-taking-into-account-unsaturated-soil-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10019</span> Critical Heights of Sloped Unsupported Trenches in Unsaturated Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Taek%20Oh">Won Taek Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adin%20Richard"> Adin Richard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Workers are often required to enter unsupported trenches during the construction process, which may present serious risks. Trench failures can result in death or damage to adjacent properties, therefore trenches should be excavated with extreme precaution. Excavation work is often done in unsaturated soils, where the critical height (i.e. maximum depth that can be excavated without failure) of unsupported trenches can be more reliably estimated by considering the influence of matric suction. In this study, coupled stress/pore-water pressure analyses are conducted to investigate the critical height of sloped unsupported trenches considering the influence of pore-water pressure redistribution caused by excavating. Four different wall slopes (1.5V:1H, 2V:1H, 3V:1H, and 90°) and a vertical trench with the top 0.3 m sloped 1:1 were considered in the analyses with multiple depths of the ground water table in a sand. For comparison, the critical heights were also estimated using the limit equilibrium method for the same excavation scenarios used in the coupled analyses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20height" title="critical height">critical height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupported%20trench" title=" unsupported trench"> unsupported trench</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98950/critical-heights-of-sloped-unsupported-trenches-in-unsaturated-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10018</span> Numerical Assessment on the Unsaturated Behavior of Silty Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhassan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhassan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Namaei"> Ali Namaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This investigation presents the behavior of the unsaturated silty sand by calculating the shear resistance of the specimens by numerical method. In order to investigate this behavior, a series of triaxial tests have been simulated in constant water condition. The finite difference software FLAC3D has been carried out for analyzing the shear resistance and the results are compared with findings from a previous laboratory tests. Constant water tests correspond to a field condition where the rate of the loading is much quicker than the rate at which the pore water is able to drain out of the soil. Tests were simulated on two groups of the silty sands. The obtained results show that the FLAC software may be able to simulate the behavior of specimens with the low suction value magnitude. As the initial suction increased, the differences between numerical and experimental results increased, especially in loose sand. Since some assumptions were used for input parameters, a conclusive result needs more investigations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference" title="finite difference">finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20resistance" title=" shear resistance"> shear resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20silty%20sand" title=" unsaturated silty sand"> unsaturated silty sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20water%20test" title=" constant water test"> constant water test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103999/numerical-assessment-on-the-unsaturated-behavior-of-silty-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10017</span> Effects of Daily Temperature Changes on Transient Heat and Moisture Transport in Unsaturated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davood%20Yazdani%20Cherati">Davood Yazdani Cherati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Pak"> Ali Pak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Jafarzadeh"> Mehrdad Jafarzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research contains the formulation of a two-dimensional analytical solution to transient heat, and moisture flow in a semi-infinite unsaturated soil environment under the influence of daily temperature changes. For this purpose, coupled energy conservation and mass fluid continuity equations governing hydrothermal behavior of unsaturated soil media are presented in terms of temperature and volumetric moisture content. In consideration of the soil environment as an infinite half-space and by linearization of the governing equations, Laplace–Fourier transformation is conducted to convert differential equations with partial derivatives (PDEs) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The obtained ODEs are solved, and the inverse transformations are calculated to determine the solution to the system of equations. Results indicate that heat variation induces moisture transport in both horizontal and vertical directions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title="analytical solution">analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20conduction" title=" heat conduction"> heat conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20analysis" title=" hydrothermal analysis"> hydrothermal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laplace%E2%80%93fourier%20transformation" title=" laplace–fourier transformation"> laplace–fourier transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-dimensional" title=" two-dimensional"> two-dimensional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112397/effects-of-daily-temperature-changes-on-transient-heat-and-moisture-transport-in-unsaturated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10016</span> Spectroscopy Study of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil for Pharmaceutical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashar%20Mudhaffar%20Abdullah">Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasniza%20Zaman%20Huri"> Hasniza Zaman Huri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nany%20Hairunisa"> Nany Hairunisa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to determine the thermal properties and spectroscopy study of Malaysian Jatropha curcas seed oil. The J. curcas seed oil physicochemical properties such as free fatty acid (FFA %), acid value, saponification value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, and viscosity (cp) gave values of 1.89±0.10%, 3.76±0.07, 203.36±0.36 mg/g, 4.90±0.25, 1.76±0.03%, and 32, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the fatty acids (FAs) composition. J. curcas seed oil is consisting of saturated FAs (19.55%) such as palmitic (13.19%), palmitoleic (0.40%), and stearic (6.36%) acids and unsaturated FAs (80.42%) such as oleic (43.32%) and linoleic (36.70%) acids. The thermal properties using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that crystallized TAG was observed at -6.79°C. The melting curves displayed three major exothermic regions of J. curcas seed oil, monounsaturated (lower-temperature peak) at -31.69°C, di-unsaturated (medium temperature peak) at -20.23°C and tri-unsaturated (higher temperature peak) at -12.72°C. The results of this study showed that the J. curcas seed oil is a plausible source of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to be developed in the future for pharmaceutical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatropha%20curcas%20seed%20oil" title="Jatropha curcas seed oil">Jatropha curcas seed oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20properties" title=" thermal properties"> thermal properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melting" title=" melting"> melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopy" title=" spectroscopy"> spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18315/spectroscopy-study-of-jatropha-curcas-seed-oil-for-pharmaceutical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10015</span> Crosslinking of Unsaturated Elastomers in Presence of Aromatic Chlorine-Containing Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiraz%20M.%20Mammadov">Shiraz M. Mammadov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvin%20M.%20Aliyev"> Elvin M. Aliyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20A.%20Garibov"> Adil A. Garibov </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of the disulfochloride benzene in unsaturated rubbers (SKIN, SKN-26) which is in the systems of SKIN+disulfochloride benzene and SKN-26+disulfochloride benzene was studied by the radiation exposure. By the usage of physical, chemical and spectral methods the changes in the molecular structure of the rubber were shown after irradiation by y-rays at 300 kGy. The outputs and the emergence of the crosslinking in the elastomers for each system depending on absorbed dose were defined. It is suggested that the mechanism of radiation occurs by the heterogeneous transformation of elastomers in the presence of disulfochloride benzene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acrylonitrile-butadiene%20rubber" title="acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber">acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslinking" title=" crosslinking"> crosslinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyfunctional%20monomers" title=" polyfunctional monomers"> polyfunctional monomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitizier" title=" sensitizier"> sensitizier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulcanization" title=" vulcanization "> vulcanization </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8185/crosslinking-of-unsaturated-elastomers-in-presence-of-aromatic-chlorine-containing-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10014</span> Effect of Temperature on the Water Retention Capacity of Liner Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Al-Mahbashi">Ahmed M. Al-Mahbashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosleh%20A.%20Al-Shamrani"> Mosleh A. Al-Shamrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muawia%20Dafalla"> Muawia Dafalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixtures of sand and clay are frequently used to serve for specific purposes in several engineering practices. In environmental engineering, liner layers and cover layers are common for controlling waste disposal facilities. These layers are exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuation specially when existing in unsaturated condition. The relationship between soil suction and water content for these materials is essential for understanding their unsaturated behavior and properties such as retention capacity and unsaturated follow (hydraulic conductivity). This study is aimed at investigating retention capacity for two sand-natural expansive clay mixtures (15% (C15) and 30% (C30) expansive clay) at two ambient temperatures within the range of 5 -50 °C. Soil water retention curves (SWRC) for these materials were determined at these two ambient temperatures using different salt solutions for a wide range of suction (up to 200MPa). The results indicate that retention capacity of C15 mixture underwent significant changes due to temperature variations. This effect tends to be less visible when the clay fraction is doubled (C30). In addition, the overall volume change is marginally affected by high temperature within the range considered in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20water%20retention%20curve" title="soil water retention curve">soil water retention curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand-expansive%20clay%20liner" title=" sand-expansive clay liner"> sand-expansive clay liner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title=" suction"> suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102815/effect-of-temperature-on-the-water-retention-capacity-of-liner-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10013</span> Tree Resistance to Wind Storm: The Effects of Soil Saturation on Tree Anchorage of Young Pinus pinaster</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Defossez">P. Defossez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Bonnefond"> J. M. Bonnefond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Garrigou"> D. Garrigou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Trichet"> P. Trichet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Danjon"> F. Danjon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Windstorm damage to European forests has ecological, social and economic consequences of major importance. Most trees during storms are uprooted. While a large amount of work has been done over the last decade on understanding the aerial tree response to turbulent wind flow, much less is known about the root-soil interface, and the impact of soil moisture and root-soil system fatiguing on tree uprooting. Anchorage strength is expected to be reduced by water-logging and heavy rain during storms due to soil strength decrease with soil water content. Our paper is focused on the maritime pine cultivated on sandy soil, as a representative species of the Forêt des Landes, the largest cultivated forest in Europe. This study aims at providing knowledge on the effects of soil saturation on root anchorage. Pulling experiments on trees were performed to characterize the resistance to wind by measuring the critical bending moment (Mc). Pulling tests were performed on 12 maritime pines of 13-years old for two unsaturated soil conditions that represent the soil conditions expected in winter when wind storms occur in France (w=11.46 to 23.34 % gg⁻¹). A magnetic field digitizing technique was used to characterize the three-dimensional architecture of root systems. The soil mechanical properties as function of soil water content were characterized by laboratory mechanical measurements as function of soil water content and soil porosity on remolded samples using direct shear tests at low confining pressure ( < 15 kPa). Remarkably Mc did not depend on w but mainly on the root system morphology. We suggested that the importance of soil water conditions on tree anchorage depends on the tree size. This study gives a new insight on young tree anchorage: roots may sustain by themselves anchorage, whereas adhesion between roots and surrounding soil may be negligible in sandy soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roots" title="roots">roots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20soil" title=" sandy soil"> sandy soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree%20anchorage" title=" tree anchorage"> tree anchorage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91300/tree-resistance-to-wind-storm-the-effects-of-soil-saturation-on-tree-anchorage-of-young-pinus-pinaster" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10012</span> Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alla%20V.%20Goncharova">Alla V. Goncharova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20A.%20Karpenyuk"> Tatyana A. Karpenyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yana%20S.%20Tsurkan"> Yana S. Tsurkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20U.%20Beisembaeva"> Rosa U. Beisembaeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Togzhan%20D.%20Mukasheva"> Togzhan D. Mukasheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20V.%20Ignatova"> Ludmila V. Ignatova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramza%20Z.%20Berzhanova"> Ramza Z. Berzhanova </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work the effect of culturing conditions of filamentous fungi Penicillium raistrickii, Penicillium anatolicum, Fusarium sp. on biomass yield, the content of total lipids and fatty acids was studied. It has been established that in time the process of lipids accumulation correlated with biomass growth of cultures, reaching maximum values in stationary growth phase. Biomass yield and accumulation of general lipids was increased by adding zinc to the culture medium. The more intensive accumulation of biomass and general lipids was observed at temperature 18°C. Lowering the temperature of culturing has changed the ratio of saturated: Unsaturated fatty acids in the direction of increasing the latter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culturing%20conditions" title=" culturing conditions"> culturing conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids%20%28FA%29" title=" fatty acids (FA)"> fatty acids (FA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20dynamics" title=" growth dynamics"> growth dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipids" title=" lipids"> lipids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10193/influence-of-culturing-conditions-on-biomass-yield-total-lipid-and-fatty-acid-composition-of-some-filamentous-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20conditions&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20conditions&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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