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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Тарихы суббөлімін көрсету/жасыру</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Антика_дәуірі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Антика_дәуірі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Антика дәуірі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Антика_дәуірі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ортағасыр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ортағасыр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ортағасыр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ортағасыр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ренессанс_дәуірі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ренессанс_дәуірі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ренессанс дәуірі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ренессанс_дәуірі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Буддизм_мен_индуизмде_кездесуі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Буддизм_мен_индуизмде_кездесуі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Буддизм мен индуизмде кездесуі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Буддизм_мен_индуизмде_кездесуі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сипаты" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сипаты"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Сипаты</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сипаты-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сырт_бейнесі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сырт_бейнесі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Сырт бейнесі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сырт_бейнесі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дереккөздер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дереккөздер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Дереккөздер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дереккөздер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмұны" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Философ тасы</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 65 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9" title="حجر الفلاسفة – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حجر الفلاسفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99ls%C9%99f%C9%99_da%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Fəlsəfə daşı – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəlsəfə daşı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="فلسفه داشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فلسفه داشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BA" title="Философски камък – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Философски камък" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%B0" title="দার্শনিকের পাথর – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দার্শনিকের পাথর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maen_ar_furien" title="Maen ar furien – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maen ar furien" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_filosofal" title="Pedra filosofal – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pedra filosofal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1men_mudrc%C5%AF" title="Kámen mudrců – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kámen mudrců" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_vises_sten" title="De vises sten – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="De vises sten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stein_der_Weisen" title="Stein der Weisen – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stein der Weisen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0_%DE%80%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A6" title="ޕާރަސް ހިލަ – дивехи тілі" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕާރަސް ހިލަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φιλοσοφική λίθος – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλοσοφική λίθος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philosopher's stone" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctono_de_la_sa%C4%9Duloj" title="Ŝtono de la saĝuloj – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtono de la saĝuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedra_filosofal" title="Piedra filosofal – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Piedra filosofal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkade_kivi" title="Tarkade kivi – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tarkade kivi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofoen_harri" title="Filosofoen harri – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filosofoen harri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="سنگ جادو – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ جادو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viisasten_kivi" title="Viisasten kivi – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viisasten kivi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_philosophale" title="Pierre philosophale – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre philosophale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_filosofal" title="Pedra filosofal – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pedra filosofal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אבן החכמים – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן החכמים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0" title="पारस पत्थर – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारस पत्थर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamen_mudraca" title="Kamen mudraca – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kamen mudraca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6lcsek_k%C3%B6ve" title="Bölcsek köve – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bölcsek köve" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Փիլիսոփայական քար – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փիլիսոփայական քար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_filsuf" title="Batu filsuf – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batu filsuf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietra_filosofale" title="Pietra filosofale – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pietra filosofale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%A2%E8%80%85%E3%81%AE%E7%9F%B3" title="賢者の石 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="賢者の石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watu_kramat" title="Watu kramat – ява тілі" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Watu kramat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ფილოსოფიური ქვა – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილოსოფიური ქვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸ್ಪರ್ಶಮಣಿ – каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಪರ್ಶಮಣಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%84%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%98_%EB%8F%8C" title="현자의 돌 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="현자의 돌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Философлӧн из – коми тілі" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Философлӧн из" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_philosophorum" title="Lapis philosophorum – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lapis philosophorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofinis_akmuo" title="Filosofinis akmuo – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Filosofinis akmuo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofu_akmens" title="Filozofu akmens – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Filozofu akmens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Камен на мудроста – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Камен на мудроста" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8" title="ဓာတ်လုံး – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဓာတ်လုံး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen_der_wijzen" title="Steen der wijzen – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steen der wijzen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_vises_stein" title="Dei vises stein – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dei vises stein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_vises_stein" title="De vises stein – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De vises stein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8ira_filosofala" title="Pèira filosofala – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pèira filosofala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8" title="ਪਾਰਸ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਰਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamie%C5%84_filozoficzny" title="Kamień filozoficzny – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kamień filozoficzny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_filosofal" title="Pedra filosofal – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedra filosofal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piatr%C4%83_filozofal%C4%83" title="Piatră filozofală – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piatră filozofală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Философский камень – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Философский камень" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher%27s_Stone" title="Philosopher's Stone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philosopher's Stone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame%C5%88_mudrcov" title="Kameň mudrcov – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kameň mudrcov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamen_modrosti" title="Kamen modrosti – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kamen modrosti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guri_i_Filozofit" title="Guri i Filozofit – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Guri i Filozofit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Камен мудрости – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камен мудрости" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_vises_sten" title="De vises sten – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De vises sten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF" title="పరుసవేది – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పరుసవేది" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%8C" title="ศิลานักปราชญ์ – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศิลานักปราชญ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bato_ng_pilosopo" title="Bato ng pilosopo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bato ng pilosopo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felsefe_ta%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Felsefe taşı – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Felsefe taşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Філософський камінь – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філософський камінь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="پارس – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پارس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2n_%C4%91%C3%A1_tri%E1%BA%BFt_gia" title="Hòn đá triết gia – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hòn đá triết gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%A4%E8%80%85%E4%B9%8B%E7%9F%B3" title="贤者之石 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贤者之石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="וויסן-שטיין – идиш тілі" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויסן-שטיין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%A2%E8%80%85%E4%B9%8B%E7%9F%B3" title="賢者之石 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="賢者之石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E7%9F%B3" title="哲人之石 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哲人之石" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg/300px-JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="426" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg/450px-JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Философ тасын іздеген алхимиг (Джозеф Райт, 1771)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Философ тасы</b> (лат. lapis philosophorum) – <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Сынап">сынап</a> сияқты жай металдарды <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алтын">алтын</a> немесе <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81" title="Күміс">күміске</a> айналдыратын әйгілі <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алхимия">алхимиялық</a> әпсаналық зат. Ол Зергерлік, немесе chrysopoeia (Гректің χρυσός khrusos, "алтын", және ποιεῖν poiēin, "жасау") сөзіне қатысты айтылады. Философ тасын тіршілік элексирі деп те атайды, яғни, адамды жасартып, күш-қуатын қалпына келтіретін, мәңгілік өмір сыйлайтын қасиетке ие. Алхимиктер сан ғасыр бойы осы тасты жасауды армандады. Бұл ұғым әлхимия терминологиясында негізгі орында тұрады, әрі кемелділік, жарқындық және киелілік мағынасын береді. Философ тасын ашуға арналған еңбектер «Magnum opus» (Ұлы еңбек)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> деп аталды. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Философ_тасы"_атауы"><span id=".22.D0.A4.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.84_.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.22_.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.83.D1.8B"></span>"Философ тасы" атауы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: "Философ тасы" атауы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: "Философ тасы" атауы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>философ тасы (Philosopher's stone) сөзіндегі философ сөзі латынның philosophorum сөзінен келген. Бұл сөз мұнда тастың шынымен ғылыми мағынадағы философтардікі екенін білдірмейді, немесе философтар түсінігіндегі тас дегендік те емес. Бұл жерде "философтың" деген сөз жалпылық, дәстүрлі түсінік мағынасында айтылған. Алхимиктер <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Орта ғасырлар">орта ғасырда</a> өздерін философ сезініп, бұл тасты философтардікі деп атаған. </p><p>Философ тасының көптеген атауы бар: ақ тас (calculus albus, ол жұмақ салтанатының символы<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), тотияйын (Visita Interiora Terrae Rectificando Invenies Occultum Lapidem); оған қоса мистикалық немесе мифтік жанама атаулары бар: <i>Adam, Aer, Animal, Alkahest, Antidotus, Antimonium, Aqua benedicta, Aqua volans per aeram, Arcanum, Atramentum, Autumnus, Basilicus, Brutorum cor, Bufo, Capillus, Capistrum auri, Carbones, Cerberus, Chaos, Cinis cineris, Crocus, Dominus philosophorum, Divine quintessence, Draco elixir, Filius ignis, Fimus, Folium, Frater, Granum, Granum frumenti, Haematites, Hepar, Herba, Herbalis, Lac, Melancholia, Ovum philosophorum, Panacea salutifera, Pandora, Phoenix, Philosophic mercury, Pyrites, Radices arboris solares, Regina, Rex regum, Sal metallorum, Salvator terrenus, Talcum, Thesaurus, Ventus hermetis</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Тарихы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Тарихы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Антика_дәуірі"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D3.99.D1.83.D1.96.D1.80.D1.96"></span>Антика дәуірі</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Антика дәуірі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Антика дәуірі"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Философ тасы туралы ең ежелгі деректі Панаполис тұрғыны Зосимостың<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> жазбасынан кездестіреміз (б.з. 300 ж.) Алхимия туралы жазатын авторлар одан да ертеде пайда болғанын білдіретін аңыздар бар деседі. Элиас Ашмоле (Elias Ashmole) мен «Глория Мунди» (Gloria Mundi) (1620) еңбегін жазған белгісіз автор Адам пайғамбарға Құдайдың өзі тас туралы білдірген дейді. Сол ілімді меңгерген діндарлар ұзақ жасаған екен-мыс. Философ тасы туралы аңыз 118-псаломда сипатталған <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сүлеймен пайғамбар">Сүлеймен пайғамбардың</a> ғибадатханасы мен қабыл етпеген іргетас туралы хикаяда да бар]].<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Грек пәлсапасында да тасты жасаудың теориялық негіздері баяндалады. Кейін алхимиктер классикалық элементтерге, анима мунди (anima mundi) концепциясы мен Платонның Тимей (Timaeus) еңбегі сияқты әлемді жаратуға қатысты мәтіндерге сүйенді<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . Платонның пікірінше, материя бастауынан төрт элемент пайда болған, ол хаоспен қосылған. Алхимиктер Философ тасы жасауға қажетті негізгі қоспаны да prima materia деп атайды. XVII ғасырда Томас Воган «тастың ең бірінші қоспасы барлық затты жасауға қажетті алғашқы қоспамен бірдей» деп жазған<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ортағасыр"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D2.93.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.80"></span>Ортағасыр</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Ортағасыр" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ортағасыр"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ортағасыр алхимиктері Зосим мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Халифат">араб империясы</a> деректеріне сүйенді. Византия мен араб алхимиктері металды алтынға айналдыру идеясына қызықты, соны іс жүзінде орындап көрмек болды. VIII ғасырда өмір сүрген <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мұсылман">мұсылман</a> алхимик Жабир-ибн-Хаян әр классикалық элементті төрт негізгі сапасына қарай талдады. От – ыстық әрі құрғақ, топырақ – суық әрі құрғақ, су – суық әрі дымқыл, ауа – ыстық әрі дымқыл. Оның пікірінше, әр металл осы төрт принциптің қоспасы, оның екеуі ішкі, екеуі сыртқы. Бір металды басқасына айналдыру үшін осы негізгі қасиетін қайта құрылымдау керек деді. Сол өзгерісті жүзеге асыратын затты грек тілінде ксерион, ал арабша әл-иксир деп атайды, элексир сөзі осыдан туындады. Алхимиктер көбіне Философ тасын құрғақ қызыл ұнтақ түрінде шығады деп болжайды<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ұлы ойшыл <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80_%D3%98%D0%BB-%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Әбу Насыр Әл-Фараби">Әл-Фараби</a> Философ тасы туралы арнайы еңбек жазған екен. Ол "Элексир өнерінің қажеттілігі туралы (Әлхимия)" (The Necessity of the Art of the Elixir (Alchemy))<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> деп аталады. Кітапта металдар жеке қасиеттері бойынша түрлерге айырылып, оларды өзгерту мүмкіндіктері қарастырылады. </p><p>XI ғасырда мұсылман химиктер металды трансмутация жасауға қатысты дауласты. Парсы ғалымы <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина">Ибн Сина</a> (Авиценна) бұл теорияға қарсы шығып, теріске шығарды<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Аңыз бойынша, XIII ғасырда өмір сүрген ғалым әрі палсапашы Альбертус Магнус Философ тасын жасаған-мыс. Магнус өз еңбектерінде сондай тас жасағанын айтпайды, бірақ трансмутация арқылы алтын алуға куә болғанын жазады<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ренессанс_дәуірі"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81_.D0.B4.D3.99.D1.83.D1.96.D1.80.D1.96"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ренессанс">Ренессанс</a> дәуірі</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Ренессанс дәуірі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ренессанс дәуірі"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Squared_circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Squared_circle.svg/220px-Squared_circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Squared_circle.svg/330px-Squared_circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Squared_circle.svg/440px-Squared_circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>Шаршыдағы шеңбер: Философ тасы білдіретін материяның төрт элементінің өзара қарым-қатынасын бейнелейтін алхимиялық символ (17-ғасыр)</figcaption></figure> <p>XVI ғасырда өмір сүрген Швейцария алхимигі <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Парацельс">Парацельс</a> (Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) алкахесттің бар екеніне сенді, оны ашылмаған элемент деп санады. Оның ойынша, басқа элементтер (су, ауа, топырақ, от) оның туынды формасы. Парацельстің пікірінше, Философ тасы деп соны айтамыз. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Буддизм_мен_индуизмде_кездесуі"><span id=".D0.91.D1.83.D0.B4.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BC_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BC.D0.B4.D0.B5_.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.83.D1.96"></span>Буддизм мен индуизмде кездесуі</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Буддизм мен индуизмде кездесуі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Буддизм мен индуизмде кездесуі"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Буддизм">Буддизм</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индуизм">индуизмде</a> Философ тасының баламасы — чинтамани<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Оны Paras/Parasmani (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Санскрит">Санскрит</a>: पारसमणि, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Хинди">Хинди</a>: पारस) немесе Paris (Маратхи: परिस) еңбектерінен көруге болады. Әулие Жнанешуар (Jnaneshwar) (1275–1296) металды алтынға айналдыратын Философ тасы туралы жазып кеткен. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сипаты"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.8B"></span>Сипаты</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Сипаты" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Сипаты"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ең жиі кездесетін қасиеті – жай металды алтын немесе күміске айналдыруы; аурудың барлық түрін емдей алуы, адам өмірін ұзартуы. Тағы басқа қасиеттері: үнемі жанып тұратын шам жасай алуы, жай түйіршікті асылтасқа, алмасқа айналдыруы; өлген өсімдікті тірілтуі, т.б. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сырт_бейнесі"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.8B.D1.80.D1.82_.D0.B1.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.96"></span>Сырт бейнесі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Сырт бейнесі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Сырт бейнесі"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Философ тасы түрліше сипаттайды. Алхимиктердің еңбегіне сүйенсек, оны көбіне ақ (күміс жасау үшін) және қызыл (алтын жасау үшін) түсті етіп шығарады. Кейде қызғылт, сарғыш түрде сипаттайды, қатты немесе ұнтақ болады дейді. Әдетте алтыннан ауыр екені, кез келген сұйықтықта еритіні, бірақ отта жанбайтыны айтылады. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Michael_Maier_Atalanta_Fugiens_Emblem_21.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Аталанта Фугиенстің эмблемасында бейнеленген Философ тасы"><img alt="Аталанта Фугиенстің эмблемасында бейнеленген Философ тасы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Michael_Maier_Atalanta_Fugiens_Emblem_21.jpeg/120px-Michael_Maier_Atalanta_Fugiens_Emblem_21.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Michael_Maier_Atalanta_Fugiens_Emblem_21.jpeg/180px-Michael_Maier_Atalanta_Fugiens_Emblem_21.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Michael_Maier_Atalanta_Fugiens_Emblem_21.jpeg/240px-Michael_Maier_Atalanta_Fugiens_Emblem_21.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="568" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Аталанта Фугиенстің эмблемасында бейнеленген Философ тасы</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:The_First_Key_of_Basil_Valentine._Wellcome_M0012394.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Басил Валентиннің Философ тасын алу туралы «Ұлы еңбегінде» сипатталған он екі кілттің біріншісі"><img alt="Басил Валентиннің Философ тасын алу туралы «Ұлы еңбегінде» сипатталған он екі кілттің біріншісі" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_First_Key_of_Basil_Valentine._Wellcome_M0012394.jpg/120px-The_First_Key_of_Basil_Valentine._Wellcome_M0012394.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_First_Key_of_Basil_Valentine._Wellcome_M0012394.jpg/180px-The_First_Key_of_Basil_Valentine._Wellcome_M0012394.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_First_Key_of_Basil_Valentine._Wellcome_M0012394.jpg/240px-The_First_Key_of_Basil_Valentine._Wellcome_M0012394.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3810" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Басил Валентиннің Философ тасын алу туралы «Ұлы еңбегінде» сипатталған он екі кілттің біріншісі</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Heindel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Heindel (мұндай бет жоқ)">Heindel, Max</a>, <i>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rosicrucian.com/frc/frceng01.htm">http://www.rosicrucian.com/frc/frceng01.htm</a> Freemasonry and Catholicism: an exposition and Investigation.</i> |publisher=<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosicrucian_Fellowship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosicrucian Fellowship (мұндай бет жоқ)">Rosicrucian Fellowship</a> ISBN: 0-911274-04-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Salomon Glass, Johann Gottfried Olearius, <i>Philologia sacra: qua totius Vet. et Novi Testamenti Scripturae tum stylus et litteratura, tum sensus et genuinae interpretationis ratio et doctrina libris V expenditur ac traditur</i> ^, imp. J. Fred. Gleditschius (1743)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">listed e.g. in W. Schneider, <i>Lexikon alchemistisch-pharmazeutischer Symbole</i>, Weinheim 1962.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Ede, Lesley B. Cormack. <i>A History of Science in Society: from philosophy to utility.</i> University of Toronto Press. p .66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raphael Patai. <i>The Jewish Alchemists: A History and Source Book</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton University Press (мұндай бет жоқ)">Princeton University Press</a>, 1995. p.19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton J. Linden. <i>The alchemy reader: from Hermes Trismegistus to Isaac Newton</i> Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (мұндай бет жоқ)">Cambridge University Press</a>. 2003. p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Haeffner. Dictionary of Alchemy: From Maria Prophetessa to Isaac Newton. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnac_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnac Books (мұндай бет жоқ)">Karnac Books</a>, 2004. p.211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Ragai, Jehane (1992), "The Philosophers' Stone: Alchemy and Chemistry", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Comparative_Poetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Comparative Poetics (мұндай бет жоқ)">Journal of Comparative Poetics</a></i> <b>12</b> (Metaphor and Allegory in the Middle Ages): 58–77</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Philosophers%27+Stone%3A+Alchemy+and+Chemistry&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BJournal+of+Comparative+Poetics%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Ragai&rft.aufirst=Jehane&rft.au=Ragai%2C%26%2332%3BJehane&rft.date=1992&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=Metaphor+and+Allegory+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=58%E2%80%9377&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Holmyard, E. J. (1924), "Maslama al-Majriti and the Rutbatu'l-Hakim", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isis_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isis (journal) (мұндай бет жоқ)">Isis</a></i> <b>6</b> (3): 293–305, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital object identifier (мұндай бет жоқ)">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1086/358238" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1086/358238">10.1086/358238</a></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maslama+al-Majriti+and+the+Rutbatu%27l-Hakim&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BIsis+%28journal%29%7CIsis%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Holmyard&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rft.au=Holmyard%2C%26%2332%3BE.+J.&rft.date=1924&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=293%E2%80%93305&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086%2F358238&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.kz/books?id=ZWrsixP-j4QC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=The+Necessity+of+the+Art+of+the+Elixir+(Alchemy)&source=bl&ots=fjdsWv7eJC&sig=ACfU3U0_1SBCAycX5VfGJcZlaqMUgxEizQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwicv4morLznAhVBxMQBHdaaAz8Q6AEwFXoECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=The%20Necessity%20of%20the%20Art%20of%20the%20Elixir%20(Alchemy)&f=false">https://books.google.kz/books?id=ZWrsixP-j4QC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=The+Necessity+of+the+Art+of+the+Elixir+(Alchemy)&source=bl&ots=fjdsWv7eJC&sig=ACfU3U0_1SBCAycX5VfGJcZlaqMUgxEizQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwicv4morLznAhVBxMQBHdaaAz8Q6AEwFXoECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=The%20Necessity%20of%20the%20Art%20of%20the%20Elixir%20(Alchemy)&f=false</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Briffault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Briffault (мұндай бет жоқ)">Robert Briffault</a> (1938). <i>The Making of Humanity</i>, p. 196-197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Franklyn and Frederick E. Budd. <i>A Survey of the Occult.</i> Electric Book Company. 2001. p. 28-30. ISBN: 1-84327-087-0}}.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Guénon (мұндай бет жоқ)">Guénon, René</a> (2004) (1962). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qEQQht2Y2CQC">Symbols of Sacred Science</a></i>. Sophia Perennis, USA. ISBN: 0-900588-78-0}}. pp. 277.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Философ_тасы&oldid=3395364">https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Философ_тасы&oldid=3395364</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арнайы:Санаттар">Санаттар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Алхимия">Алхимия</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Химия">Химия</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2024 ж. қазанның 29, 19:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Мәтін <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензиясы</a> аясында қолжетімді; қосымша шарттар қолданылуы мүмкін. 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