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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Penciller" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Penciller" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tools_and_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools_and_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tools and materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools_and_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_creators_and_their_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_creators_and_their_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable creators and their techniques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_creators_and_their_techniques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable creators and their techniques subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_creators_and_their_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jack_Kirby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jack_Kirby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Jack Kirby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jack_Kirby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arthur_Adams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arthur_Adams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Arthur Adams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arthur_Adams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jim_Lee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jim_Lee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Jim Lee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jim_Lee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-J._Scott_Campbell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#J._Scott_Campbell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>J. Scott Campbell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-J._Scott_Campbell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travis_Charest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travis_Charest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Travis Charest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travis_Charest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adam_Hughes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adam_Hughes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Adam Hughes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adam_Hughes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joe_Quesada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joe_Quesada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Joe Quesada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joe_Quesada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bryan_Hitch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bryan_Hitch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Bryan Hitch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bryan_Hitch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simone_Bianchi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simone_Bianchi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Simone Bianchi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simone_Bianchi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marc_Silvestri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marc_Silvestri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Marc Silvestri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marc_Silvestri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erik_Larsen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erik_Larsen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Erik Larsen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erik_Larsen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amanda_Conner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amanda_Conner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Amanda Conner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amanda_Conner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gene_Ha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gene_Ha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Gene Ha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gene_Ha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jason_Shiga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jason_Shiga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Jason Shiga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jason_Shiga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jonathan_Luna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jonathan_Luna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Jonathan Luna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jonathan_Luna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marcio_Takara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marcio_Takara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>Marcio Takara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marcio_Takara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frank_Cho" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frank_Cho"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.17</span> <span>Frank Cho</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frank_Cho-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chris_Samnee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chris_Samnee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.18</span> <span>Chris Samnee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chris_Samnee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chuck_Austen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chuck_Austen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.19</span> <span>Chuck Austen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chuck_Austen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scott_McCloud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scott_McCloud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.20</span> <span>Scott McCloud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scott_McCloud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiona_Staples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiona_Staples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.21</span> <span>Fiona Staples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiona_Staples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Workflow_and_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Workflow_and_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Workflow and style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Workflow_and_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Penciller" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1piz_final" title="Lápiz final – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lápiz final" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disegnatore_(fumetto)" title="Disegnatore (fumetto) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Disegnatore (fumetto)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пенсилер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пенсилер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17098559#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Artist who works in the creation of comic books, graphic novels, and similar visual art forms</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><caption class="sidebar-outer-title">Penciller</caption><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:antiquewhite;"><a href="/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">Comics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speech_balloon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Speech_balloon.svg/40px-Speech_balloon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Speech_balloon.svg/60px-Speech_balloon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Speech_balloon.svg/80px-Speech_balloon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Speech_balloon" title="Speech balloon">Speech balloon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> <a href="/wiki/Comics_studies" title="Comics studies">Comics studies</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_education" title="Comics in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_comics_terminology" title="Glossary of comics terminology">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_comics" title="History of comics">History</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Methods</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">Cartooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_comics" title="Photo comics">Photo comics</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Media formats</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">Comic book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">Comic strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_comic" title="Digital comic">Digital comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gag_cartoon" title="Gag cartoon">Gag cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_paperback_(comics)" title="Trade paperback (comics)">Trade paperback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">Graphic novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_cartoon" title="Political cartoon">Political cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">Webcomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webtoon" title="Webtoon">Webtoon</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_by_country" title="List of comics by country">Comics by country and culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_comic_book" title="American comic book">American comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_comics" title="Argentine comics">Argentine comics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e" title="Bande dessinée">Bande dessinées</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Belgian_comics" title="Belgian comics">Belgium</a>/<a href="/wiki/French_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="French comics">France</a>/<a href="/wiki/Quebec_comics" title="Quebec comics">Quebec</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_Australia" title="Comics in Australia">Australian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_comics" title="Brazilian comics">Brazilian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_comics" title="British comics">British comics</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_comics" title="Welsh-language comics">Welsh-language</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_comics" title="Canadian comics">Canadian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_comics" title="Croatian comics">Croatian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_comics" title="Czech comics">Czech comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_comics" title="Dutch comics">Dutch comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_comics" title="European comics">European comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_comics" title="German comics">German comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_comics" title="Hungarian comics">Hungarian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_comics" title="Indian comics">Indian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_comics" title="Irish comics">Irish comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_comics" title="Italian comics">Italian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_comics" title="Malaysian comics">Malaysian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhua" title="Manhua">Manhua</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_comics" title="Hong Kong comics">Hong Kong</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhwa" title="Manhwa">Manhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_Mexico" title="Comics in Mexico">Mexican comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_comics" title="Pakistani comics">Pakistani comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_comics" title="Philippine comics">Philippine comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_comics" title="Polish comics">Polish comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_comics" title="Portuguese comics">Portuguese comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_comics" title="Serbian comics">Serbian comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_comics" title="South African comics">South African comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_comics" title="Spanish comics">Spanish comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_comics" title="Thai comics">Thai comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_comics" title="Turkish comics">Turkish comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_comics" title="Vietnamese comics">Vietnamese comics</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Community</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_awards" title="List of comics awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoonist" title="Cartoonist">Cartoonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_book_collecting" title="Comic book collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_publishing_companies" title="List of comics publishing companies">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_comic_series" title="List of best-selling comic series">Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" title="Script (comics)">Writers</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:antiquewhite;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/32px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/48px-Wikipetan-manga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/64px-Wikipetan-manga.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comics" title="Portal:Comics">Comics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Comics_sidebar" title="Template:Comics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comics_sidebar" title="Template talk:Comics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Comics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>penciller</b> (or <b>penciler</b>) is an artist who works on the creation of <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic books</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novels</a>, and similar visual art forms, with a focus on the initial pencil illustrations, usually in <a href="/wiki/Collaboration" title="Collaboration">collaboration</a> with other artists, who provide inks, colors and lettering in the book, under the supervision of an editor. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/American_comic_book" title="American comic book">American comic book</a> industry, the penciller is the first step in rendering the story in visual form,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may require several steps of feedback with the writer. These artists are concerned with layout (positions and vantages on scenes) to showcase steps in the plot. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools_and_materials">Tools and materials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tools and materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A penciller works in <a href="/wiki/Pencil" title="Pencil">pencil</a>. Beyond this basic description, however, different artists choose to use a wide variety of different tools. While many artists use traditional wood pencils, others prefer <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_pencil" title="Mechanical pencil">mechanical pencils</a> or drafting leads. Pencillers may use any lead hardness they wish, although many artists use a harder lead (like a <a href="/wiki/2H_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="2H lead">2H</a>) to make light lines for initial sketches, then turn to a slightly softer lead (like a <a href="/wiki/HB_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="HB lead">HB</a>) for finishing phases of the drawing. Still other artists do their initial layouts using a <a href="/wiki/Non-photo_blue" title="Non-photo blue">light-blue</a> <a href="/wiki/Colored_pencil" title="Colored pencil">colored pencil</a> because that color tends to disappear during <a href="/wiki/Photocopying" class="mw-redirect" title="Photocopying">photocopying</a>. </p><p>Most US comic book pages are drawn oversized on large sheets of paper, usually <a href="/wiki/Bristol_board" title="Bristol board">Bristol board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The customary size of comic book pages in the mainstream <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> comics industry is 11 by 17 inches. The <a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">inker</a> usually works directly over the penciller's pencil marks, though occasionally pages are inked on <a href="/wiki/Translucent" class="mw-redirect" title="Translucent">translucent</a> paper, such as drafting <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a>, preserving the original pencils. The artwork is later photographically reduced in size during the printing process. With the advent of digital illustration programs such as <a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a>, more and more artwork is produced digitally, either in part or entirely (see below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_creators_and_their_techniques">Notable creators and their techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable creators and their techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jack_Kirby">Jack Kirby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jack Kirby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1949 until his retirement, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a> worked out of a ten-foot-wide basement studio dubbed "The Dungeon" by his family. When starting with a clean piece of Bristol board, he would first draw his panel lines with a <a href="/wiki/T-square" title="T-square">T-square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HeroComplex_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeroComplex-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arthur_Adams">Arthur Adams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arthur Adams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Adams_(comics)" title="Arthur Adams (comics)">Arthur Adams</a> begins drawing thumbnail layouts from the script he is given, either at home or in a public place. The thumbnails range in size from 2 inches x 3 inches to half the size of the printed comic book. He or an assistant will then enlarge the thumbnails and trace them onto <a href="/wiki/Illustration_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Illustration board">illustration board</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Non-photo_blue_pencil" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-photo blue pencil">non-photo blue pencil</a>, sometimes using a <a href="/wiki/Prismacolor" title="Prismacolor">Prismacolor</a> light-blue pencil, because it is not too waxy, and erases easily. When working on the final illustration board, he does so on a large drawing board when in his basement studio, and a lapboard when sitting on his living room couch. After tracing the thumbnails, he will then clarify details with another light-blue pencil, and finalize the details with a <a href="/wiki/Number_2_pencil" class="mw-redirect" title="Number 2 pencil">Number 2 pencil</a>. He drew the first three chapters of "<a href="/wiki/Jonni_Future" title="Jonni Future">Jonni Future</a>" at twice the printed comic size, and also drew the fifth chapter, "The Garden of the Sklin", at a size larger than standard, in order to render more detail than usual in those stories. For a large poster image with a multitude of characters, he will go over the figure outlines with a marker in order to emphasize them. He will use photographic reference when appropriate, as when he draws things that he is not accustomed to.<sup id="cite_ref-CBA#17_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBA#17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ModernMasters_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModernMasters-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because a significant portion of his income is derived from selling his original artwork, he is reluctant to learn how to produce his work digitally.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jim_Lee">Jim Lee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jim Lee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lee" title="Jim Lee">Jim Lee</a> is known to use <a href="/wiki/Pencil#Grading_and_classification" title="Pencil">F lead</a> for his pencil work.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AVClub_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AVClub-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="J._Scott_Campbell">J. Scott Campbell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: J. Scott Campbell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/J._Scott_Campbell" title="J. Scott Campbell">J. Scott Campbell</a> does his pencil with a <a href="/wiki/Lead_holder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead holder">lead holder</a>, and Sanford Turquoise <a href="/wiki/H_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="H lead">H lead</a>, which he uses for its softness and darkness, and for its ability to provide a "sketchy" feel, with a minimal amount of powdery lead smearing. He uses this lead because it strikes a balance between too hard, and therefore not dark enough on the page, and too soft, and therefore prone to smearing and crumbling. Campbell avoids its closest competitor because he finds it too waxy. Campbell has also used <a href="/wiki/HB_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="HB lead">HB lead</a> and F lead. He maintains sharpness of the lead with a Berol Turquoise sharpener, changing them every four to six months, which he finds is the duration of their grinding ability.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campbell uses a combination of Magic Rub erasers, eraser sticks, and since he began to ink his work digitally, a Sakura <a href="/wiki/Electric_eraser" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric eraser">electric eraser</a>. He often sharpens the eraser to a cornered edge in order to render fine detailed work.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travis_Charest">Travis Charest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Travis Charest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Travis_Charest" title="Travis Charest">Travis Charest</a> uses mainly 2H lead to avoid smearing, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/HB_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="HB lead">HB lead</a>. He previously illustrated on regular illustration board provided by publishers, though he disliked the <a href="/wiki/Non-photo_blue" title="Non-photo blue">non-photo blue</a> lines printed on them. By 2000, he switched to Crescent board for all his work, because it does not warp when wet, produces sharper illustrations, and are more suitable for framing because they lack the non-photo blue lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Materials_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Materials-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charest usually prefers not to employ preliminary sketching practices, such as layouts, thumbnails or <a href="/wiki/Lightbox" title="Lightbox">lightboxing</a>, in part due to impatience, and in part because he enjoys the serendipitous nature in which artwork develops when produced with greater spontaneity.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also prefers to use reference only when rendering objects that require a degree of real-life accuracy, such as guns, vehicles, or characters of licensed properties that must resemble actors with whom they are closely identified, as when he illustrated the cover to <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation:_Embrace_the_Wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation: Embrace the Wolf">Star Trek: The Next Generation: Embrace the Wolf</a></i> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adam_Hughes">Adam Hughes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adam Hughes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The penciling process that artist <a href="/wiki/Adam_Hughes" title="Adam Hughes">Adam Hughes</a> employs for his cover work is the same he uses when doing sketches for fans at conventions, with the main difference being that he does cover work in his sketchbook, before transferring the drawing to virgin art board with a lightbox,<sup id="cite_ref-YouTubePart2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTubePart2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas he does convention drawings on 11 x 14 Strathmore bristol, as he prefers penciling on the rougher, <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> surface rather than smooth paper, preferring smoother paper only for brush inking.<sup id="cite_ref-YouTubePart3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTubePart3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does preliminary undersketches with a <a href="/wiki/Lead_holder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead holder">lead holder</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-YouTubePart1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTubePart1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because he feels regular pencils get worn down to the nub too quickly. As he explained during a sketch demonstration at a comic book convention, during this process he uses a Sanford Turquoise <a href="/wiki/4B_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="4B lead">4B lead</a>, a soft lead, though when working at home in Atlanta, where the humid weather tends to dampen the paper, he sometimes uses a <a href="/wiki/B_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="B lead">B lead</a> or <a href="/wiki/2B_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="2B lead">2B lead</a>, which acts like a 4B in that environment.<sup id="cite_ref-YouTubePart3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTubePart3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, his website explains that he uses 6B lead, with some variation. For pieces rendered entirely in pencil, he employs a variety of pencil leads of varying degrees of hardness.<sup id="cite_ref-OfficialFAQ_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OfficialFAQ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After darkening in the construction lines that he wishes to keep, he erases the lighter ones with a <a href="/wiki/Kneaded_eraser" title="Kneaded eraser">kneaded eraser</a> before rendering greater detail.<sup id="cite_ref-YouTubePart1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTubePart1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For more detailed erasures, he uses a pencil-shaped <a href="/wiki/White_eraser" class="mw-redirect" title="White eraser">white eraser</a>, and to erase large areas, he uses a larger, hand-held white eraser, the Staedtler Mars plastic, which he calls a "thermonuclear eraser", because it "takes care of everything".<sup id="cite_ref-YouTubePart3_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTubePart3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joe_Quesada">Joe Quesada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Joe Quesada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artist and former Marvel Comics editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Joe_Quesada" title="Joe Quesada">Joe Quesada</a> begins with sketches much smaller than the actual size at which he will render the final drawing. He employs a Cintiq <a href="/wiki/Drawing_tablet" class="mw-redirect" title="Drawing tablet">drawing tablet</a> when he desires to do a "tighter" digital layout of an illustration. When sketching figures, he will sometimes use photographic reference, and incorporate the photos directly into his sketches during the process of finalizing a layout. Once he makes a final decision on a layout, he will then print it out at full size, and use a light box to pencil it, sometimes altering elements in the design such as lighting or other details.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bryan_Hitch">Bryan Hitch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bryan Hitch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Hitch" title="Bryan Hitch">Bryan Hitch</a> begins with multiple rough sketches employing different camera angles on paper with a blue pencil, which traditionally does not photocopy or scan, and then selects the desired elements from the rough sketch with a graphite pencil. After picking the initial shapes, he will further emphasize his selections with colored pens, continuing to attempt different variations. He will then, depending on how late in the day it is, either redraw the illustration on a sheet of layout paper or use his lightbox to tighten and clean up the drawing, emphasizing that the lightbox should not be a mere exercise in tracing, but an opportunity to refine or change elements in the drawing to make it "clean" enough to be inked.<sup id="cite_ref-BHUCStudio_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHUCStudio-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Hitch transfers the drawing to the final art board, he does initial layouts with a 2H pencil, which he feels provides the necessary accuracy and detail, and uses an erasable blue pencil to mark panel frames and <a href="/wiki/Vanishing_point" title="Vanishing point">vanishing points</a>, which he introduces after the rough stage. He chooses not to put too much time or polish into this stage, preferring to work quickly, lightly and instinctively. He uses a mechanical pencil with 0.9mm 2H lead at this stage for fine outlines and detail work, and a traditional pencil for more organic work, including softer lines, shading large areas and creating more fluid motion. The "best tool of all", according to him, is a traditional pencil cut with a <a href="/wiki/Craft_knife" class="mw-redirect" title="Craft knife">craft knife</a>, which he says can produce a variety of marks, and be used for detail, shading and general sketching. Hitch believes the best results combine both the mechanical and the knife-sharpened traditional pencil.<sup id="cite_ref-BHUCStudio_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHUCStudio-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hitch is particular about his studio workspace, which does not contain a TV or sofa, stating that such things belong in the lounge for relaxation. Despite using a professional drawing board, he emphasizes that any inexpensive board large enough to hold the paper is sufficient, as he mostly uses a piece of roughly cut <a href="/wiki/Chip-board" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip-board">chip-board</a> leaning on the edge of his desk. He uses an <a href="/wiki/Apple_iMac" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple iMac">Apple iMac</a> desktop computer, <a href="/wiki/Flatbed_scanner" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbed scanner">flatbed scanner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a> to modify his artwork digitally.<sup id="cite_ref-BHUCStudio_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHUCStudio-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simone_Bianchi">Simone Bianchi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Simone Bianchi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to Hitch's work environment, artist <a href="/wiki/Simone_Bianchi_(artist)" title="Simone Bianchi (artist)">Simone Bianchi</a> says that he cannot work unless he is listening to music, which he does via stereo speakers placed above his drawing board, and an extensive music collection in his studio. Bianchi uses extensive photo reference and a lightbox to give his artwork a realistic look. He uses a wooden drawing board that he used to draw on flat, but angled it due to back pain that he began having in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marc_Silvestri">Marc Silvestri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Marc Silvestri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another artist who listens to music while working is <a href="/wiki/Marc_Silvestri" title="Marc Silvestri">Marc Silvestri</a>, who says that he listens to <a href="/wiki/Down-tempo_chill_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Down-tempo chill music">down-tempo chill music</a> while working, in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> he listens to at other times.<sup id="cite_ref-ThirdDegree_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThirdDegree-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erik_Larsen">Erik Larsen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Erik Larsen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the Biography & Bibliography page of his website, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Larsen" title="Erik Larsen">Erik Larsen</a> explains that he uses a Staedtler Mars Lumograph 100 2H pencil, and a Staedtler Mars Plastic Eraser.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on the site's Frequently Asked Questions page, he states that he uses a standard Dixon Ticonderoga #2 pencil with HB lead, explaining, "It's mushy as all hell but it doesn't slow me down like a harder pencil would."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amanda_Conner">Amanda Conner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Amanda Conner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While reading each page of a script, artist <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Conner" title="Amanda Conner">Amanda Conner</a> does tiny thumbnail sketches with stick figures corresponding to the story indicated on each page, in order to help her design the page's layout. She then does tighter, more elaborate sketches, though still fairly small compared with the finished artwork,<sup id="cite_ref-CreatingComics_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CreatingComics-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approximately 4 in × 6 in (100 mm × 150 mm),<sup id="cite_ref-CreatorOwnedHeroes_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CreatorOwnedHeroes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then blows those up on a <a href="/wiki/Photocopier" title="Photocopier">photocopier</a> to the proper original comic art size, which is 10 inches x 15 inches. She then uses "very tight pencils" to <a href="/wiki/Light-box" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-box">light-box</a> it onto <a href="/wiki/Bristol_board" title="Bristol board">Bristol board</a>, if she intends to have it inked by her husband and collaborator, Jimmy Palmiotti, but will do the pencils "lighter and looser" if she intends to ink it herself, as she already knows how she wants the artwork rendered.<sup id="cite_ref-CreatingComics_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CreatingComics-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conner has created her own paper stock and blue line format on her drawing paper, because, she explains, she likes having those configurations pre-printed on the page, and feels that "sometimes the rough is too toothy and the smooth is too slick." The stock she uses is the 10 in × 15 in (250 mm × 380 mm) Strathmore 500 series, but she also orders a custom 8 in × 12 in (200 mm × 300 mm) stock because she sometimes finds those dimensions more comfortable and easier to work on more quickly. She also finds the Strathmore 300 series "pretty good" likes its nice texture and greater affordability, but says that must occasionally content with getting a "bleedy batch". Conner uses mechanical pencils with .03 lead because she found it easier to use than regular pencils that require her to stop and sharpen them frequently.<sup id="cite_ref-CreatorOwnedHeroes_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CreatorOwnedHeroes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gene_Ha">Gene Ha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gene Ha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once artist <a href="/wiki/Gene_Ha" title="Gene Ha">Gene Ha</a> obtains a script, he makes "tiny" thumbnail sketches of each page, and then makes layout sketches on shrunked copies of comic art board, two per page. It is at this stage that he works out the light/dark balance of the page. Though he says about 90% of his artwork are done without photo reference, he will sometimes photograph his friends pose as the central characters, or use a full length mirror to draw himself. He renders minor characters from his imagination. Irrespective of how much sunlight he has on a given day, he prefers to use a 500W incandescent photo lamp, though he believes a 500W halogen lamp is also adequate. He prefers to use a <a href="/wiki/Lead_holder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead holder">lead holder</a> with <a href="/wiki/H_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="H lead">H lead</a> for sketching, and <a href="/wiki/2B_lead" class="mw-redirect" title="2B lead">2B lead</a> for shading, which he sharpens with a rotary lead pointer, believing that such leads can be sharpened better than a traditional pencil. He blows up a scan of each page layout to 8.5 in × 11 in (220 mm × 280 mm), and draws "tight" pencils on top of these, which are then scanned and printed on 11 in × 17 in (280 mm × 430 mm) <a href="/wiki/Inkjet_paper" title="Inkjet paper">inkjet paper</a> in faint <a href="/wiki/Non-photo_blue" title="Non-photo blue">blue line</a>. He prefers <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a> paper because he feels that the surface of marker paper tends to get smudgy or oily. When importing art to modify in his computer, he uses <a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jason_Shiga">Jason Shiga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Jason Shiga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artist <a href="/wiki/Jason_Shiga" title="Jason Shiga">Jason Shiga</a> penciled his 2011 graphic novel <i>Empire State: A Love Story (Or Not)</i> with a yellow <a href="/wiki/No._2_pencil" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 2 pencil">No. 2 pencil</a> on copy paper, before transferring it with brushed ink via a lightbox.<sup id="cite_ref-EmpireState_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmpireState-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jonathan_Luna">Jonathan Luna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Jonathan Luna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artist <a href="/wiki/Luna_Brothers" title="Luna Brothers">Jonathan Luna</a> uses 14 x 17 Strathmore Bristol board, which he cuts into 11 x 17 pieces on which to draw. He draws using a 2H pencil, and after inking his pencils with a <a href="/wiki/Micron_pen" class="mw-redirect" title="Micron pen">Micron pen</a>, he edits his line work on a graphics tablet.<sup id="cite_ref-YouTube_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTube-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marcio_Takara">Marcio Takara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Marcio Takara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artist <a href="/wiki/Marcio_Takara" title="Marcio Takara">Marcio Takara</a> begins his pages with 7 in × 5 in (180 mm × 130 mm) ink thumbnail sketches with which he shows his overall ideas to his editor. When he begins the actual pencils, he keeps them "loose", because he will eventually ink over them himself, and does not require greater specificity. The penciling stage is the fastest stage for Takara, who does all of his pencil work with an <a href="/wiki/HB_pencil" class="mw-redirect" title="HB pencil">HB 0.5</a> mechanical pencil, completing two or three penciled pages a day, sometimes even inking all three by the end of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frank_Cho">Frank Cho</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Frank Cho"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cho" title="Frank Cho">Frank Cho</a> produces his artwork on Strathmore 300 Series Bristol Pad, which has a <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> surface. To pencil his artwork, Cho uses a <a href="/wiki/Pentel" title="Pentel">Pentel</a> mechanical pencil with 0.7mm <a href="/wiki/Pencil#Grading_and_classification" title="Pencil">HB lead</a>. For erasure, he uses both a Vanish eraser and a <a href="/wiki/Kneaded_eraser" title="Kneaded eraser">kneaded eraser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chris_Samnee">Chris Samnee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Chris Samnee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artist <a href="/wiki/Chris_Samnee" title="Chris Samnee">Chris Samnee</a> uses 300 series two-ply Strathmore Bristol board. He does not use non-photo blue pencils or any other equipment purchased at specialty stores for preliminary sketching, but uses .9 mm mechanical pencils that he purchases from <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He describes his pencils as "just awful", and inks them himself, as he cannot envision giving them to someone else to ink.<sup id="cite_ref-Toucan_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toucan-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chuck_Austen">Chuck Austen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Chuck Austen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Writer/artist <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Austen" title="Chuck Austen">Chuck Austen</a> did his work on <i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektra (comics)">Elektra</a></i> entirely on a computer. He prefers uses mostly Macintoshes, but also uses <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">PCs</a>. When using a Mac, he uses <i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dream_Studio" title="Ray Dream Studio">Ray Dream Studio</a></i>, and when using a PC, usings <i><a href="/wiki/3D_Studio_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="3D Studio Max">3D Studio Max</a></i>. These allow him to take three-dimensional models and break them down into simplified two-tone line forms. He purchases the models from catalogues, or uses ones that he built for <i>Strips</i> using in <i>Hash</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Animation:Master" title="Animation:Master">Animation:Master</a></i>. After importing the models into <i>Studio</i> or <i>Max</i>, he arranges the angles and other aspects of the scene before rendering them, such as placement of background objects or modifying gestures, while the computer corrects elements such as <a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">perspective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreshortening" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreshortening">foreshortening</a>, proportions, etc. After the files are rendered to Austen's satisfaction, he assembles them into page form using <a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a>, completing details that the modeling programs cannot perfect, such as facial expressions, hair, filling in blacks, rendering clothes and wrinkles, etc. To finish the art, he will either print out the "pencils" directly onto Bristol board and finalize them with an HB Tombow pencil and ink them with a #2 nib, or will apply the finishes in Photoshop.<sup id="cite_ref-CBRWarMachine_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBRWarMachine-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scott_McCloud">Scott McCloud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Scott McCloud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Scott_McCloud" title="Scott McCloud">Scott McCloud</a> also does his work almost entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_tablet" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer tablet">computer tablet</a>. Although he sketches his layouts in pencil, the remainder of his work is done digitally, explaining in his 2006 book <i><a href="/wiki/Making_Comics" title="Making Comics">Making Comics</a></i> that he had not used traditional materials like Bristol board, pens or brushes in years. After sketching layouts, which he says are "pretty tight", and include the full script, he scans them into an 18-inch tablet/monitor to use them as a guide for lettering them in <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Adobe Illustrator</a>. After completing the lettering, he exports the files to Photoshop, where he fully renders the art at a resolution of 1,200 <a href="/wiki/Dots_per_inch" title="Dots per inch">dpi</a>, creating between five and fifty layers of finished art before flattening it into a single black and white <a href="/wiki/Bitmap" title="Bitmap">bitmap</a>, plus a <a href="/wiki/Greyscale" class="mw-redirect" title="Greyscale">greyscale</a> page, if needed.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiona_Staples">Fiona Staples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fiona Staples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another artist who does her work almost entirely digitally is <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Staples" title="Fiona Staples">Fiona Staples</a>, who switched to that process several years prior to beginning her work on <i><a href="/wiki/Saga_(comic_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saga (comic book)">Saga</a></i>, though her process for that series is different from previous ones, for which she characterizes it as "one intense, ongoing experiment." She begins with thumbnails, roughly drawn on printed paper templates. During this stage Staples does not use reference, but does so later in the inking stage. During the thumbnail stage, she gives copious thought to the layouts and staging, making it, in her words, the most important part of the process. After scanning the thumbnails, she enlarges them and uses them as rudimentary pencils, and "inks" over them in <a href="/wiki/Clip_Studio_Paint" title="Clip Studio Paint">Manga Studio</a>, and later colors the art in Photoshop. One of the advantages Staples sees in working digitally is the ability to dispense with tight pencils in favor of making corrections in an ad hoc manner, as she finds penciling in great detail and drawing such art a second time in ink to be boring.<sup id="cite_ref-Saga#8_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saga#8-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Workflow_and_style">Workflow and style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Workflow and style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A comic book penciller usually works closely with the comic book's <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">editor</a>, who commissions a script from the <a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">writer</a> and sends it to the penciller.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Comic book scripts can take a variety of forms. Some writers, such as <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a>, produce complete, elaborate, and lengthy outlines of each page. Others send the artist only a plot outline consisting of no more than a short overview of key scenes with little or no dialogue. <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> was known to prefer this latter form, and thus it came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvel Method">Marvel Method</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometimes a writer or another artist (such as an <a href="/wiki/Art_director" title="Art director">art director</a>) will include basic layouts, called "<a href="/wiki/Script_breakdown" title="Script breakdown">breakdowns</a>," to assist the penciller in scene composition. If no breakdowns are included, then it falls to the penciller to determine the layout of each page, including the number of panels, their shapes and their positions. Even when these visual details are indicated by a script, a penciller may feel when drawing the scene that there is a different way of composing the scene, and may disregard the script, usually following consultation with the editor and/or writer.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some artists use a <b>loose pencilling</b> approach like Agnes Sedem and Andy, in which the penciller does not take much care to reduce the vagaries of the pencil art, leaving it to the inker to interpret the penciller's intent. Fun fact, they created this technique in the 1900s in order to find criminals. In those cases, the penciller is usually credited with "<b>breakdowns</b>" or "<b>layouts</b>" and the inker is credited as the "embellisher" or "finisher".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-InkwellAwards_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InkwellAwards-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to former Marvel editor <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Wright_(comics)" title="Gregory Wright (comics)">Gregory Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Buscema" title="John Buscema">John Buscema</a> was a noted penciler whose breakdowns included all the structural essentials that enabled inkers to complete the art. Other pencillers prefer to create detailed pages, where every nuance that they expect to see in the inked art is indicated. This is known as <b>tight pencilling</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-InkwellAwards_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InkwellAwards-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">Letterer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorist" title="Colorist">Colorist</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penciller&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fox,_Margalit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox, Margalit">Fox, Margalit</a> (April 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/06/arts/carmine-infantino-who-revamped-batman-and-the-flash-dies-at-87.html?_r=1&">"Carmine Infantino, Reviver of Batman and Flash, Dies at 87"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cronin, Brian (January 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2009/01/15/comic-book-legends-revealed-190/">"Comic Book Legends Revealed #190"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeroComplex-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HeroComplex_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirby, Neal. "Growing Up Kirby". <i>Hero Complex</i> (July 2012). <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. pp 22 and 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBA#17-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBA#17_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooke, Jon B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/comicbookartist/articles/17adams.html">"The Art of Arthur Adams"</a>, Reprinted from <i>Comic Book Artist</i> #17, November 15, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernMasters-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ModernMasters_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Khoury and Eric Nolen-Weathington. <i>Modern Masters Volume Six: Arthur Adams</i>, 2006, TwoMorrows Publishing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siuntres, John (September 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://player.fm/series/word-balloon-comic-books-podcast/the-comic-book-history-of-comics-with-fred-van-lente-and-shooters-ogn-with-eric-trautmann-brandon-jerwa-and-steve-lieber">"Word Balloon Podcast Greg Pak, Cincy Comicon Panels with Art Adams and Ethan Van Sciver"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103231625/http://player.fm/series/word-balloon-comic-books-podcast/the-comic-book-history-of-comics-with-fred-van-lente-and-shooters-ogn-with-eric-trautmann-brandon-jerwa-and-steve-lieber">Archived</a> 2014-01-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Word Balloon Comic Books Podcast. Retrieved January 3, 2014. Interview begins at 1:19:55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Campbell,_J._Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell, J. Scott">Campbell, J. Scott</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://j-scott-campbell.deviantart.com/art/Pencils-79071837">"Artist's Comments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DeviantArt" title="DeviantArt">DeviantArt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AVClub-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AVClub_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/reinventing-the-pencil-21-artists-who-changed-mainstre-1798218160">"Reinventing the pencil: 21 artists who changed mainstream comics (for better or worse)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a>. July 20, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reinventing+the+pencil%3A+21+artists+who+changed+mainstream+comics+%28for+better+or+worse%29&rft.pub=The+A.V.+Club&rft.date=2009-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Freinventing-the-pencil-21-artists-who-changed-mainstre-1798218160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenciller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell,_J._Scott" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, J. Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://j-scott-campbell.deviantart.com/art/Pencils-79071837">"Pencils"</a>. DeviantArt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pencils&rft.pub=DeviantArt&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J.+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fj-scott-campbell.deviantart.com%2Fart%2FPencils-79071837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenciller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell,_J._Scot" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, J. Scot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://j-scott-campbell.deviantart.com/art/Drawing-Supplies-Erasers-79071662">"Drawing Supplies Erasers"</a>. DeviantArt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drawing+Supplies+Erasers&rft.pub=DeviantArt&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J.+Scot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fj-scott-campbell.deviantart.com%2Fart%2FDrawing-Supplies-Erasers-79071662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenciller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Materials-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Materials_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charest,_Travis" class="mw-redirect" title="Charest, Travis">Travis Charest</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travischarestgallery.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=faq#materials">FAQ: "What materials do I use?"</a> The Official Unofficial Travis Charest Gallery. December 1, 2000. Accessed August 30, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charest, Travis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travischarestgallery.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=faq#techniques">FAQ: "Working techniques"</a>. The Official Unofficial Travis Charest Gallery. December 1, 2000; Accessed August 30, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charest, Travis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travischarestgallery.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=faq#references">FAQ: "Do I use any type of references?"</a> The Official Unofficial Travis Charest Gallery. December 1, 2000. Accessed August 30, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YouTubePart2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YouTubePart2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coulson, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAO3sUyg-Bw">"Adam Hughes - Anatomy of a sketch, Pt2 - The Process"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. May 15, 2006. Accessed September 8, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YouTubePart3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YouTubePart3_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YouTubePart3_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YouTubePart3_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coulson, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrzZffdJD_k">"Adam Hughes - Anatomy of a sketch, Pt3 - The Tools"</a>. YouTube. 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