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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1481" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1481"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naissances en 1481</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1481-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1481" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1481"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Décès en 1481</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1481-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1481</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 144 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1481 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1481 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B8%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۴۸۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۴۸۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7" title="১৪৮১ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৪৮১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১৪৮১ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৪৮১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481." title="1481. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1481." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1481 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1481 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A4%D9%A8%D9%A1" title="١٤٨١ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٤٨١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B8%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۴۸۱ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۴۸۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%E5%B9%B4" title="1481年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1481年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="१४८१ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१४८१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481." title="1481. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1481." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1481 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1481 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%E5%B9%B4" title="1481年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1481年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1481 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1481 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%EB%85%84" title="1481년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1481년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_m." title="1481 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1481 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481._gads" title="1481. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1481. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="१४८१ – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१४८१" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १४८१ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १४८१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_%D0%B8" title="1481 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1481 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%84%E1%81%88%E1%81%81" title="၁၄၈၁ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၄၈၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B8%DB%B1" title="۱۴۸۱ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۴۸۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="सन् १४८१ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १४८१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୪୮୧ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୪୮୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1481-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1481-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="१४८१ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१४८१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1481 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1481 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7" title="१४८१ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१४८१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%D8%B9" title="1481ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1481ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481." title="1481. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1481." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1481" title="Соли 1481 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1481" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2024" title="พ.ศ. 2024 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2024" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1481 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1481 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%D8%A1" title="1481ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1481ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%E5%B9%B4" title="1481年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1481年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481" title="1481 – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1481" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%E5%B9%B4" title="1481年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1481年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481_n%C3%AE" title="1481 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1481 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481%E5%B9%B4" title="1481年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1481年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6631#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/1481" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/1481" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&oldid=213996303" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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<li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=1481"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=1481&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1481" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6631" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1481</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tagsatzung_Stans_1481.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tagsatzung_Stans_1481.jpg/250px-Tagsatzung_Stans_1481.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tagsatzung_Stans_1481.jpg/330px-Tagsatzung_Stans_1481.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tagsatzung_Stans_1481.jpg/500px-Tagsatzung_Stans_1481.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="1683" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><a href="/wiki/22_d%C3%A9cembre" title="22 décembre">22 décembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Convenant_de_Stans" title="Convenant de Stans">Convenant de Stans</a>. Illustration de la chronique de Lucerne de 1513 (<a href="/wiki/Diebold_Schilling_le_Jeune" title="Diebold Schilling le Jeune">Diebold Schilling le Jeune</a>)</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1478" title="1478">1478</a> <a href="/wiki/1479" title="1479">1479</a> <a href="/wiki/1480" title="1480">1480</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1481</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1482" title="1482">1482</a> <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a> <a href="/wiki/1484" title="1484">1484</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1450" title="Années 1450">1450</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1460" title="Années 1460">1460</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1470" title="Années 1470">1470</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1480" title="Années 1480">1480</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1490" title="Années 1490">1490</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1500" title="Années 1500">1500</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1510" title="Années 1510">1510</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle">XIII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle">XIV<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle">XV<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XVIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIe siècle">XVI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIe siècle">XVII<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r223867407">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border:1px var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-style:solid;margin-bottom:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{min-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#efefef;color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavContent{display:block;margin:0;text-align:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{padding:2px;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavPic{padding:2px;float:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavEnd{height:0;clear:both}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}</style><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_en_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 en art (page inexistante)">Art</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_en_arts_plastiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 en arts plastiques (page inexistante)">Arts plastiques</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_en_dessin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 en dessin (page inexistante)">Dessin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_en_gravure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 en gravure (page inexistante)">Gravure</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_en_peinture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 en peinture (page inexistante)">Peinture</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_en_sculpture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 en sculpture (page inexistante)">Sculpture</a>)</small>, <small>()</small>, <small>()</small>, <a href="/wiki/1481_en_litt%C3%A9rature" title="1481 en littérature">Littérature</a> <small>()</small> et Musique <small>(<a href="/wiki/1481_en_musique_classique" title="1481 en musique classique">Classique</a>)</small> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>(,)</small> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481_en_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1481 en science (page inexistante)">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1481_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1481 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1481&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/40px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1481</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_lundi" title="Année commune commençant un lundi">commence un lundi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_avril" title="5 avril">5 avril</a> : en <a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a>, le régent des <a href="/wiki/Bahman%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmanî">Bahmanî</a> Mahmûd Gâwân, dénoncé au sultan Shams al-Dîn Muhammad pour trahison, est exécuté<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Après sa mort, le sultanat de Bahmanî se démembre en cinq états, les <a href="/wiki/Sultanats_du_Deccan" title="Sultanats du Deccan">sultanats du Deccan</a> (1584-1518)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_mai" title="22 mai">22 mai</a> : début du sultanat ottoman de <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a> ou Veli Bayazid II (fin en <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Hammer-Purgstall_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammer-Purgstall-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <ul><li>À la mort de <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet II">Mehmet II</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="05-03" data-sort-value="05-03">3 mai</time>), le grand vizir <a href="/wiki/Karamani_Mehmed_Pacha" title="Karamani Mehmed Pacha">Karamani Mehmed Pacha</a> se prononce pour Djem Sultan (<a href="/wiki/Zizim" title="Zizim">Zizim</a>, <a href="/wiki/1458" title="1458">1458</a>-<a href="/wiki/1495" title="1495">1495</a>) mais c’est son frère Veli Bayazid, gouverneur d’<a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a> qui a le trône grâce à l’appui des <a href="/wiki/Janissaire" title="Janissaire">janissaires</a>. Zizim, plusieurs fois vaincu, fuira en Europe où il défraiera la chronique (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> de <a href="/wiki/1482" title="1482">1482</a> à <a href="/wiki/1489" title="1489">1489</a> et <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> de 1489 à <a href="/wiki/1495" title="1495">1495</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_juin" title="20 juin">20 juin</a> : Djem est battu par Bayazid à <a href="/wiki/Yeni%C5%9Fehir" title="Yenişehir">Yenişehir</a>. Il se réfugie à <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a> puis passe avec sa suite et son harem en territoire <a href="/wiki/Mamelouk" title="Mamelouk">mamelouk</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="06-28" data-sort-value="06-28">28 juin</time>) ; il se rend au Caire, puis part en pèlerinage à La Mecque (<time class="nowrap" datetime="12-20" data-sort-value="12-20">20 décembre</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-Hammer-Purgstall_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammer-Purgstall-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_octobre" title="30 octobre">30 octobre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Tizoc" title="Tizoc">Tizoc</a> est le nouveau souverain des <a href="/wiki/Azt%C3%A8ques" title="Aztèques">Aztèques</a> après le décès de son frère cadet et prédécesseur <a href="/wiki/Axayacatl" title="Axayacatl">Axayacatl</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Ambassade du roi d’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89thiopie" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a> <a href="/wiki/Eskender" title="Eskender">Eskender</a> auprès du sultan <a href="/wiki/Mamelouk" title="Mamelouk">Mamelouk</a> du <a href="/wiki/Le_Caire" title="Le Caire">Caire</a>. Elle obtient tout ce qu’elle désire, dont la nomination d’un nouveau métropolite en Éthiopie par le <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_primats_de_l%27%C3%89glise_copte_orthodoxe" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des primats de l'Église copte orthodoxe">patriarche copte</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_janvier" title="6 janvier">6 janvier</a> : à la mort d’<a href="/wiki/Ahmed_de_la_Horde_d%27or" title="Ahmed de la Horde d'or">Ahmad Khan</a>, vaincu par le khan de <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibir</a> sur les bords de la rivière <a href="/wiki/Donets" title="Donets">Donets</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Horde_d%27or" title="Horde d'or">Horde d'or</a> se désagrège en plusieurs khanats<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_f%C3%A9vrier" title="6 février">6 février</a> : premier <a href="/wiki/Autodaf%C3%A9" title="Autodafé">autodafé</a> (Acte de foi au cours desquels sont prononcées les sentences de l’<a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a>) : six hommes et six femmes sont brûlés vifs à <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ville" title="Séville">Séville</a> pour crypto-judaïsme. Le <a href="/wiki/4_novembre" title="4 novembre">4 novembre</a>, on dénombre à Séville 298 brûlés et 98 condamnations à la prison à perpétuité. Ceux qui viennent spontanément confesser leurs fautes sont contraints de défiler comme repentants<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9vrier" title="Février">Février</a> : le prince <a href="/wiki/Ivan_III_de_Russie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan III de Russie">Ivan III de Moscou</a> envahit la <a href="/wiki/Livonie" title="Livonie">Livonie</a>. Il assiège <a href="/wiki/Viljandi" title="Viljandi">Fellin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1er_mars" title="1er mars"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars</a>), prend et pille la ville<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_avril" title="8 avril">8 avril</a> : le pape ordonne la levée de troupes pour la croisade contre les <a href="/wiki/Empire_ottoman" title="Empire ottoman">Turcs</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21_mai" title="21 mai">21 mai</a> : début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ier_de_Danemark" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Ier de Danemark">Jean <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> de Danemark</a> (Hans), <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_de_Danemark" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des rois de Danemark">roi de Danemark</a> à la mort de <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ier_de_Danemark" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Ier de Danemark">Christian <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (fin en 1513).</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21_juin" title="21 juin">21 juin</a> : bulle <i>Aeternis Regis</i> qui confirme le <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_d%E2%80%99Alc%C3%A1%C3%A7ovas" title="Traité d’Alcáçovas">traité d’Alcáçovas</a> de <a href="/wiki/1479" title="1479">1479</a>. La possession des <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Canaries" title="Îles Canaries">îles Canaries</a> est confirmée à l'Espagne. Le Portugal obtient toutes les terres au Sud<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juin" title="Juin">Juin</a> : les Écossais dévastent le Nord de l'Angleterre<sup id="cite_ref-Warden_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warden-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13_juillet" title="13 juillet">13 juillet</a> : ouverture à <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Presbourg</a> de négociations de paix entre <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_III_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric III du Saint-Empire">Frédéric III</a> et <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Ier_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Ier de Hongrie">Mathias Corvin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dützele_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dützele-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_juillet" title="24 juillet">24 juillet</a> : <a href="/wiki/Incendie_de_Notre-Dame_de_Reims_(1481)" title="Incendie de Notre-Dame de Reims (1481)">incendie de Notre-Dame de Reims</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juillet" title="Juillet">Juillet</a> : <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> en France consécutive à un été pluvieux. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a> intervient pour lutter contre la disette<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juillet" title="Juillet">Juillet</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ao%C3%BBt" title="Août">août</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : révolte populaire à <a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> contre les bourgeois et les consuls de la ville<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_ao%C3%BBt" title="29 août">29 août</a> : début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Jean_II_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean II de Portugal">Jean II <i>le Parfait</i></a> (1455-1495), <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des rois de Portugal">roi de Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Warden_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warden-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pour briser la résistance des nobles à sa politique de découvertes, il exige d’eux un serment spécial de reddition immédiate des forteresses à toute réquisition du roi. Il impose le contrôle de nouveaux fonctionnaires royaux sur les administrations seigneuriales. Ces mesures lui valent la reconnaissance du peuple et l’inimité de la noblesse, qui se traduit par des conspirations, notamment avec l’alliance de la <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Castille" title="Royaume de Castille">Castille</a>. Le roi se montre impitoyable face aux comploteurs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ao%C3%BBt" title="Août">Août</a> : tenue des <a href="/wiki/Grands_jours_d%27Auvergne" title="Grands jours d'Auvergne">grands jours</a> ou sessions spéciales du <a href="/wiki/Parlement_de_Paris" title="Parlement de Paris">Parlement de Paris</a> en <a href="/wiki/Auvergne" title="Auvergne">Auvergne</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_septembre" title="10 septembre">10 septembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_II_de_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse II de Naples">Alphonse de Calabre</a>, fils de <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Ier_de_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Ier de Naples">Ferrante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Naples" title="Royaume de Naples">roi de Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bataille_d%27Otrante" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataille d'Otrante">chasse les Turcs d’Otrante</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_octobre" title="5 octobre">5 octobre</a> : arrestation du <a href="/wiki/Chancelier" title="Chancelier">chancelier</a> de Bretagne <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Chauvin" title="Guillaume Chauvin">Guillaume Chauvin</a> pour <a href="/wiki/Haute_trahison" title="Haute trahison">haute trahison</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Landais" title="Pierre Landais">Pierre Landais</a> est tout puissant sur le <a href="/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Bretagne" title="Duché de Bretagne">duché de Bretagne</a> jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1485" title="1485">1485</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_octobre" title="19 octobre">19 octobre</a> : vendanges tardives dans le nord de la France<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octobre" title="Octobre">Octobre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Ier_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Ier de Hongrie">Mathias Corvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Hongrie" title="Royaume de Hongrie">roi de Hongrie</a>, rompt l’armistice<sup id="cite_ref-Dützele_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dützele-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> à la suite du refus de l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_III_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric III du Saint-Empire">Frédéric III</a> de modifier l’article du traité de <a href="/wiki/Sopron" title="Sopron">Sopron</a> de <a href="/wiki/1463" title="1463">1463</a> prévoyant que seuls les héritiers légitimes de Mathias pourraient ceindre la couronne de <a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_d%C3%A9cembre" title="9 décembre">9 décembre</a> : couronnement à <a href="/wiki/Pampelune" title="Pampelune">Pampelune</a> de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9bus" class="mw-redirect" title="François Fébus">François Fébus</a>, roi de Navarre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_d%C3%A9cembre" title="11 décembre">11 décembre</a> : l'<a href="/wiki/Anjou" title="Anjou">Anjou</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Maine_(province)" title="Maine (province)">Maine</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> sont intégrés au domaine royal <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">français</a> à la mort de <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_d%27Anjou" title="Charles V d'Anjou">Charles II du Maine</a>, héritier du roi <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_d%27Anjou" title="René d'Anjou">René d'Anjou</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI de France">Louis XI de France</a> hérite de ses droits sur <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> est rattachée au royaume de France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_d%C3%A9cembre" title="22 décembre">22 décembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Convenant_de_Stans" title="Convenant de Stans">convenant de Stans</a>. Les <a href="/wiki/Canton_suisse" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton suisse">cantons</a> de <a href="/wiki/Canton_de_Fribourg" title="Canton de Fribourg">Fribourg</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Canton_de_Soleure" title="Canton de Soleure">Soleure</a> rejoignent la <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_des_XIII_cantons" title="Confédération des XIII cantons">Confédération</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_d%C3%A9cembre" title="26 décembre">26</a> - <a href="/wiki/27_d%C3%A9cembre" title="27 décembre">27 décembre</a> : prise du château de <a href="/wiki/Zahara_de_la_Sierra" title="Zahara de la Sierra">Zahara</a> par le <a href="/wiki/Nasrides" title="Nasrides">nasride</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_Ali_de_Grenade" title="Abu al-Hasan Ali de Grenade">Moulay Hasan</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Commencement de la <a href="/wiki/Guerres_de_Grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerres de Grenade">guerre de Grenade</a> (fin en 1492).</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Peste à <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ville" title="Séville">Séville</a>. Elle fait 15 000 victimes<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Confirmation du décret discriminatoire contre les <a href="/wiki/Juifs" title="Juifs">Juifs</a> de <a href="/wiki/1412" title="1412">1412</a> en <a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sesshu_-_Haboku-Sansui.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sesshu_-_Haboku-Sansui.jpg/250px-Sesshu_-_Haboku-Sansui.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sesshu_-_Haboku-Sansui.jpg/330px-Sesshu_-_Haboku-Sansui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sesshu_-_Haboku-Sansui.jpg/500px-Sesshu_-_Haboku-Sansui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6976" data-file-height="10784" /></a><figcaption><i>Paysage</i>, par le peintre japonais <a href="/wiki/Sessh%C3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesshû">Sesshû Tôyô</a> <div class="commons plainlinks"><span class="js-interprojets"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1481_paintings?uselang=fr">la peinture en 1481</a></span> sur <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">Commons</a></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1481"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1481" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1481">Naissances en 1481</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1481" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1481"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Date inconnue : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mateo_Flecha" title="Mateo Flecha">Mateo Flecha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compositeur" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> du <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Aragon" title="Royaume d'Aragon">Royaume d'Aragon</a> (-<a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattioli_Ludovico_di_Angelo" title="Mattioli Ludovico di Angelo">Mattioli Ludovico di Angelo</a>, peintre italien (-v. <a href="/wiki/1506" title="1506">1506</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastiano_da_Sangallo" title="Bastiano da Sangallo">Bastiano da Sangallo</a>, peintre, sculpteur et scénographe italien (-<time class="nowrap" datetime="1551-06-10" data-sort-value="1551-06-10">31 mai 1551</time>).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1481"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1481"></span><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1481" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1481">Décès en 1481</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1481" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1481"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_mai" title="3 mai">3 mai</a> : <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_II_le_Conqu%C3%A9rant" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet II le Conquérant">Mehmet II le Conquérant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_ao%C3%BBt" title="28 août">28 août</a> : <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_V_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse V de Portugal">Alphonse V de Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_d%C3%A9cembre" title="11 décembre">11 décembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_d%27Anjou" title="Charles V d'Anjou">Charles V d'Anjou</a></li> <li>Date précise inconnue : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axayacatl" title="Axayacatl">Axayacatl</a>, souverain aztèque.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a>, peintre et miniaturiste français (v. <a href="/wiki/1420" title="1420">1420</a>-).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Della_Robbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Luca Della Robbia">Luca Della Robbia</a>, sculpteur florentin (v. <a href="/wiki/1400" title="1400">1400</a>-).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-%C5%8C_S%C5%8Dtan" title="Ten-Ō Sōtan">Ten-Ō Sōtan</a>, peintre japonais (<a href="/wiki/1413" title="1413">1413</a>-).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thihathura" title="Thihathura">Thihathura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Ava" title="Royaume d'Ava">roi d'Ava</a> (Birmanie) (<a href="/wiki/1431" title="1431">1431</a>-)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Th_Houtsma1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._Th_Houtsma1993"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martijn_Theodoor_Houtsma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martijn Theodoor Houtsma (page inexistante)">M. Th Houtsma</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martijn_Theodoor_Houtsma" class="extiw" title="en:Martijn Theodoor Houtsma"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Martijn Theodoor Houtsma »">(en)</span></a>, <cite class="italique">First Encyclopaedia of Islam : 1913-1936</cite>, Leyde, E. J. Brill, <time>1993</time>, 42 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, 9 vol. : illustr. ; in-8º <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-09796-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-09796-4"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-09796-4</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/28557785">28557785</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=fWNpIGNFz0IC&pg=PA665">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.place=Leyde&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.stitle=1913-1936&rft.au=M.+Th+Houtsma&rft.date=1993&rft.tpages=42&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09796-4&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28557785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="College_of_Competition,_V.V.K.Subburaj2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sura_College_of_Competition,_V.V.K.Subburaj2004">Sura College of Competition, V.V.K.Subburaj, <cite class="italique">Basic Facts of General Knowledge</cite>, Sura Books, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-7254-234-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-7254-234-4"><span class="nowrap">978-81-7254-234-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Z0mjae1kdYUC&pg=PA82">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Facts+of+General+Knowledge&rft.pub=Sura+Books&rft.au=Sura+College+of+Competition%2C+V.V.K.Subburaj&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7254-234-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammer-Purgstall-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hammer-Purgstall_3-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Hammer-Purgstall_3-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="von_Hammer-Purgstall,_J.-J._Hellert1836"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_von_Hammer-Purgstall,_J.-J._Hellert1836">Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, J.-J. Hellert, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Empire ottoman, depuis son origine jusqu'à nos jours</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 3, <time>1836</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xloPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PAPA339">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Empire+ottoman%2C+depuis+son+origine+jusqu%27%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.au=Joseph+von+Hammer-Purgstall%2C+J.-J.+Hellert&rft.date=1836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Xavier_Clavijero1844"><span class="ouvrage" id="Francisco_Xavier_Clavijero1844">Francisco Xavier Clavijero, <cite class="italique">Historia antigua de México y de su conquista</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 2, Mexico, Impr. de Lara, <time>1844</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1264705777">1264705777</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Tk1bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA155">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+antigua+de+M%C3%A9xico+y+de+su+conquista&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pub=Impr.+de+Lara&rft.au=Francisco+Xavier+Clavijero&rft.date=1844&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1264705777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cuoq1981"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_Cuoq1981">Joseph Cuoq, <cite class="italique">L'Islam en Éthiopie des origines au <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Nouvelles_%C3%89ditions_latines" title="Nouvelles Éditions latines">Nouvelles Éditions Latines</a>, <time>1981</time>, 287 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7233-0111-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7233-0111-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7233-0111-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=hUsgUDdzYDkC&pg=PA161">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Islam+en+%C3%89thiopie+des+origines+au+XVIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Nouvelles+%C3%89ditions+Latines&rft.aulast=Cuoq&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1981&rft.tpages=287&rft.isbn=978-2-7233-0111-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nisbet_Bain"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._Nisbet_Bain"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> R. Nisbet Bain, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Slavonic Europe : A Political History of Poland from 1447 to 1796</cite>, Read Books, 2006 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-84664-581-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-84664-581-5"><span class="nowrap">978-1-84664-581-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=PdZBZcUbSewC&pg=PA40">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavonic+Europe&rft.pub=Read+Books%2C+2006&rft.stitle=A+Political+History+of+Poland+from+1447+to+1796&rft.au=R.+Nisbet+Bain&rft.isbn=978-1-84664-581-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Escobar_Quevedo2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ricardo_Escobar_Quevedo2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Ricardo Escobar Quevedo, <cite class="italique" lang="es">Inquisición y judaizantes en América española (siglos XVI-XVII)</cite>, Universidad del Rosario, <time>2008</time>, 438 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-958-8378-56-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-958-8378-56-5"><span class="nowrap">978-958-8378-56-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=RHQf57xKsfwC&pg=PA32">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inquisici%C3%B3n+y+judaizantes+en+Am%C3%A9rica+espa%C3%B1ola+%28siglos+XVI-XVII%29&rft.pub=Universidad+del+Rosario&rft.au=Ricardo+Escobar+Quevedo&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=438&rft.isbn=978-958-8378-56-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="für_Geschichte_und_Altertumskunde_der_Ostseeprovinzen_Russlands1849"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gesellschaft_für_Geschichte_und_Altertumskunde_der_Ostseeprovinzen_Russlands1849"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Geschichte Liv-, Est- und Kurlands</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 7, N. Kymmel's Buchhandlung, <time>1849</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=SuzUAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA115">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mitteilungen+aus+dem+Gebiete+der+Geschichte+Liv-%2C+Est-+und+Kurlands&rft.pub=N.+Kymmel%27s+Buchhandlung&rft.au=Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+Geschichte+und+Altertumskunde+der+Ostseeprovinzen+Russlands&rft.date=1849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Boulenger1936"><span class="ouvrage" id="Auguste_Boulenger1936">Auguste Boulenger, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale de l'église</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 6, E. Vitte, <time>1936</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=f28AAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1481">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27%C3%A9glise&rft.pub=E.+Vitte&rft.aulast=Boulenger&rft.aufirst=Auguste&rft.date=1936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="SchoellXaver_Zach1832"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frédéric_SchoellFranz_Xaver_Zach1832">Frédéric Schoell et Franz Xaver Zach, <cite class="italique">Cours d'histoire des états européens</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 22, de l'imprimerie royale et chez Duncker et Humblot, <time>1832</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Y11HAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA213">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cours+d%27histoire+des+%C3%A9tats+europ%C3%A9ens&rft.pub=de+l%27imprimerie+royale+et+chez+Duncker+et+Humblot&rft.aulast=Schoell&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Franz+Xaver+Zach&rft.date=1832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Deveau2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Michel_Deveau2005">Jean-Michel Deveau, <cite class="italique">L’Or et les esclaves : histoire des forts du Ghana du <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> au <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, Karthala Editions, <time>2005</time>, 330 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84586-588-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84586-588-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84586-588-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=cO5ySMCls98C&pg=PA88">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%E2%80%99Or+et+les+esclaves+%3A+histoire+des+forts+du+Ghana+du+XVIe+au+XVIIIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Karthala+Editions&rft.aulast=Deveau&rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=330&rft.isbn=978-2-84586-588-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warden-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Warden_12-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Warden_12-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bailie_Warden1818"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_Bailie_Warden1818">David Bailie Warden, <cite class="italique">L'Art de vérifier les dates</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 12, Moreau, <time>1818</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=gag1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA265">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Art+de+v%C3%A9rifier+les+dates&rft.pub=Moreau&rft.au=David+Bailie+Warden&rft.date=1818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dützele-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dützele_13-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Dützele_13-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Heinrich_Joseph_Coeckelberghe_Dützele1851"><span class="ouvrage" id="Karl_Heinrich_Joseph_Coeckelberghe_Dützele1851">Karl Heinrich Joseph Coeckelberghe Dützele, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'empire d'Autriche</cite>, Vienne, C. Gerold et Fils, <time>1851</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=knw_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA271">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27empire+d%27Autriche&rft.place=Vienne&rft.pub=C.+Gerold+et+Fils&rft.au=Karl+Heinrich+Joseph+Coeckelberghe+D%C3%BCtzele&rft.date=1851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="class="indicateur-langue">(d)1861"><span class="ouvrage" id="(d)1861"><span class="description-wikidata" title="<span class="error">identifiant wikidata inconnu</span>">Charles Cerf <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108559921" class="extiw" title="d:Q108559921"><span class="indicateur-langue">(<abbr class="abbr" title="Wikidata">d</abbr>)</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q108559921&lang=fr" title="Voir avec Reasonator"><img alt="Voir avec Reasonator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wikidata-Reasonator_small_logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-Reasonator_small_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wikidata-Reasonator_small_logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-Reasonator_small_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span>, Pierre Charles Hannesse, <cite class="italique">Histoire et description de Notre-Dame de Reims</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, P. Dubois, <time>1861</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=M3_ECbwGAzkC&pg=PA51">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+et+description+de+Notre-Dame+de+Reims&rft.pub=P.+Dubois&rft.au=%3Cspan+class%3D%22indicateur-langue%22%3E%28%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%22Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fabbr%3E%29%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=1861&rft.volume=1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bard,_Ofer_Bar-Yosef2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Édouard_Bard,_Ofer_Bar-Yosef2006">Édouard Bard, Ofer Bar-Yosef, <cite class="italique">L'homme face au climat: symposium annuel. Travaux du Collège de France</cite>, Odile Jacob, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-73811-660-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-73811-660-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-73811-660-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=aAQ9sZZ9Pws&pg=PA251">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27homme+face+au+climat%3A+symposium+annuel.+Travaux+du+Coll%C3%A8ge+de+France&rft.pub=Odile+Jacob&rft.au=%C3%89douard+Bard%2C+Ofer+Bar-Yosef&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-2-73811-660-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Magen1877"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adolphe_Magen1877">Adolphe Magen, <cite class="italique">Un essai d'organisation démocratique dans la ville d'Agen en 1481</cite>, F. Lamy, <time>1877</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=TXI9AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA17">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+essai+d%27organisation+d%C3%A9mocratique+dans+la+ville+d%27Agen+en+1481&rft.pub=F.+Lamy&rft.aulast=Magen&rft.aufirst=Adolphe&rft.date=1877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mateu"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Mateu">André Mateu, <cite class="italique">Les révoltes populaires de la juridiction d'Agen dans leur contexte socio-économique, 1593-1660</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 4, Université de Toulouse <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-40224-100-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-40224-100-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-40224-100-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Y91YDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT467">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+r%C3%A9voltes+populaires+de+la+juridiction+d%27Agen+dans+leur+contexte+socio-%C3%A9conomique%2C+1593-1660&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+de+Toulouse&rft.aulast=Mateu&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.volume=4&rft.isbn=978-2-40224-100-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Débordes2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Débordes2001">Jean Débordes, <cite class="italique">Les Mystères de l'Allier : histoires insolites, étranges, criminelles et extraordinaires</cite>, Éditions de Borée, <time>2001</time>, 467 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84494-085-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84494-085-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84494-085-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xE3qMrTiHZYC&pg=PA208">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Myst%C3%A8res+de+l%27Allier&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+de+Bor%C3%A9e&rft.stitle=histoires+insolites%2C+%C3%A9tranges%2C+criminelles+et+extraordinaires&rft.aulast=D%C3%A9bordes&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=467&rft.isbn=978-2-84494-085-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MichaudMichaud1811"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph-François_MichaudLouis-Gabriel_Michaud1811"><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Fran%C3%A7ois_Michaud" title="Joseph-François Michaud">Joseph-François Michaud</a> et <a href="/wiki/Louis-Gabriel_Michaud" title="Louis-Gabriel Michaud">Louis-Gabriel Michaud</a>, <cite class="italique">Biographie universelle</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 1, Michaud frères, <time>1811</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=FbX0rqLMhEwC&pg=PARA1-PA627">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographie+universelle&rft.pub=Michaud+fr%C3%A8res&rft.aulast=Michaud&rft.aufirst=Joseph-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Louis-Gabriel+Michaud&rft.date=1811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Simonde_de_Sismondi1837"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Charles-Léonard_Simonde_de_Sismondi1837">Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde de Sismondi, <cite class="italique">Histoire des Français</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 10, Wouters, frères, <time>1837</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=qhlbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA217">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+Fran%C3%A7ais&rft.pub=Wouters%2C+fr%C3%A8res&rft.au=Jean-Charles-L%C3%A9onard+Simonde+de+Sismondi&rft.date=1837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Le_Roy_Ladurie"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emmanuel_Le_Roy_Ladurie">Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, <cite class="italique">Les Dates des vendanges depuis 1208</cite> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elusduvin.org/news_images/Les%20dates-des-vendanges-dans-le-Nord-de-la-france-depuis-1208-pdf_27.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Dates+des+vendanges+depuis+1208&rft.au=Emmanuel+Le+Roy+Ladurie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Giraud"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Giraud">François Giraud, <cite class="italique">La Croix d'Anjou au cœur de la Provence</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Le_Manuscrit" title="Éditions Le Manuscrit">Éditions Le Manuscrit</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-304-00786-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-304-00786-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-304-00786-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=aKh8ZVe0scgC&pg=PA225">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Croix+d%27Anjou+au+c%C5%93ur+de+la+Provence&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Le+Manuscrit&rft.aulast=Giraud&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.isbn=978-2-304-00786-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="LeisibachKingNicoulin1981"><span class="ouvrage" id="Josef_LeisibachNorbert_KingMartin_Nicoulin1981"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Josef Leisibach, Norbert King et Martin Nicoulin, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Der Bund der VIII Orte mit Freiburg und Solothurn, 1481</cite>, Saint-Paul, <time>1981</time>, 2 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-7228-0146-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-7228-0146-9"><span class="nowrap">978-3-7228-0146-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=d5osExi9FEUC&pg=PA42">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Bund+der+VIII+Orte+mit+Freiburg+und+Solothurn%2C+1481&rft.pub=Saint-Paul&rft.aulast=Leisibach&rft.aufirst=Josef&rft.au=Norbert+King&rft.au=Martin+Nicoulin&rft.date=1981&rft.tpages=2&rft.isbn=978-3-7228-0146-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marie_J._Albert_de_Circourt1846"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne_Marie_J._Albert_de_Circourt1846">Anne Marie J. Albert de Circourt, <cite class="italique">Histoire des Mores mudejares et des Morisques, ou des Arabes d'Espagne sous la domination des Chrétiens</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel-Andr%C3%A9_Dentu" title="Gabriel-André Dentu">Gabriel-André Dentu</a>, <time>1846</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=XCAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA282">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+Mores+mudejares+et+des+Morisques%2C+ou+des+Arabes+d%27Espagne+sous+la+domination+des+Chr%C3%A9tiens&rft.pub=Gabriel-Andr%C3%A9+Dentu&rft.au=Anne+Marie+J.+Albert+de+Circourt&rft.date=1846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1850"><cite class="italique">Seances et Travaux de l'Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 17, <time>1850</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=aJXYu8z2FnoC&pg=PA363">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seances+et+Travaux+de+l%27Academie+des+Sciences+Morales+et+Politiques&rft.date=1850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Luis_Lacave2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="José_Luis_Lacave2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> José Luis Lacave, <cite class="italique" lang="es">Juderías y sinagogas de la sefarad medieval : en memoria de José Luis Lacave Riaño</cite>, Univ de Castilla La Mancha, <time>2003</time>, 621 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-8427-226-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-8427-226-7"><span class="nowrap">978-84-8427-226-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=cnxFHav6SuwC&pg=PA559">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juder%C3%ADas+y+sinagogas+de+la+sefarad+medieval&rft.pub=Univ+de+Castilla+La+Mancha&rft.stitle=en+memoria+de+Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Lacave+Ria%C3%B1o&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Lacave&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=621&rft.isbn=978-84-8427-226-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1481"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1481&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1481/">L’année 1481</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" 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