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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Codon d'initiation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 20 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1" title="كودون بدء – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كودون بدء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_kodon" title="Start kodon – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Start kodon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startni_kodon" title="Startni kodon – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Startni kodon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_kodon" title="Start kodon – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Start kodon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startcodon" title="Startcodon – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Startcodon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_codon" title="Start codon – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Start codon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod%C3%B3n_de_inicio" title="Codón de inicio – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Codón de inicio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="کدون آغاز – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کدون آغاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloituskodoni" title="Aloituskodoni – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aloituskodoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ստարտ կոդոն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստարտ կոդոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%A7%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3" title="開始コドン – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="開始コドン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%8B%9C_%EC%BD%94%EB%8F%88" title="개시 코돈 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="개시 코돈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startcodon" title="Startcodon – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Startcodon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod%C3%A3o_de_in%C3%ADcio" title="Codão de início – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Codão de início" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Старт-кодон – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Старт-кодон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_kodon" title="Start kodon – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Start kodon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_kodon" title="Start kodon – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Start kodon" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="รหัสพันธุกรรมเริ่มต้น – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รหัสพันธุกรรมเริ่มต้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Codon_d%C3%A9marrage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Codon_d%C3%A9marrage.png/210px-Codon_d%C3%A9marrage.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Codon_d%C3%A9marrage.png/315px-Codon_d%C3%A9marrage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Codon_d%C3%A9marrage.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Le codon qui, dans la vaste majorité des cas, démarre la traduction d'une protéine sur l'ARN messager.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le <b>codon d'initiation</b>, <b>codon de démarrage</b> ou <b>codon-start</b> est un triplet de nucléotides qui dirige l'initiation de la traduction protéique, il signale le début du message génétique sur un <a href="/wiki/ARNm" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNm">ARNm</a>. Chez les <a href="/wiki/Eucaryote" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucaryote">eucaryotes</a>, ce <a href="/wiki/Codon" title="Codon">codon</a> est presque exclusivement le triplet AUG qui code une <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9thionine" title="Méthionine">méthionine</a> (Met)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Chez les <a href="/wiki/Procaryote" class="mw-redirect" title="Procaryote">procaryotes</a>, le codon d'initiation est également AUG mais peut parfois être remplacé par le codon GUG et plus rarement UUG. Chez <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a>, par exemple, sur 4288 gènes identifiés, 3542 débutent par un AUG, 612 par GUG et 130 par UUG (et 4 cas particuliers ou incertains)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Quel que soit le codon d’initiation utilisé (AUG, GUG ou UUG), le premier acide aminé incorporé est toujours une <a href="/wiki/N-Formylm%C3%A9thionine" title="N-Formylméthionine"><i>N</i>-formylméthionine</a> (fMet) chez les eubactéries. Il s'agit d'une méthionine dont le groupe aminé est formylé. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:N-Formylmethionine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Structure de la N-formylméthionine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/N-Formylmethionine.png/220px-N-Formylmethionine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/N-Formylmethionine.png/330px-N-Formylmethionine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/N-Formylmethionine.png/440px-N-Formylmethionine.png 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>Structure de la <i>N</i>-formylméthionine, qui est incorporée au niveau du codon de démarrage chez les bactéries</figcaption></figure> <p>Sur le <a href="/wiki/Brin_sens" title="Brin sens">brin sens</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_strand" class="extiw" title="en:Coding strand">Coding strand</a>) de l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_d%C3%A9soxyribonucl%C3%A9ique" title="Acide désoxyribonucléique">ADN</a>, la séquence du codon d'initiation est ATG. Chez les eucaryotes, les nucléotides entourant le triplet initiateur ATG sont souvent bien conservés et constituent une séquence nommée <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9quence_de_Kozak" title="Séquence de Kozak">séquence de Kozak</a>, dont le consensus varie suivant les espèces. Chez les vertébrés où elle a été observée la première fois, cette séquence est 5’- GCCGCC<i>R</i>CC<b>ATG</b><i>G</i>-3’ où R est une <a href="/wiki/Purine" title="Purine">purine</a> (adénine ou guanine)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, elle permet l'association de l'ARNm sur la petite sous-unité du <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosome</a>. À noter que G, en position +4, fait aussi partie de cette séquence. La différenciation entre un triplet initiateur et un triplet codant une méthionine au sein de la chaîne peptidique est favorisée par cette séquence. Chez les procaryotes la séquence consensus qui permet la fixation de l'ARNm sur la petite sous-unité du <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosome</a> est la <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9quence_Shine-Dalgarno" class="mw-redirect" title="Séquence Shine-Dalgarno">séquence Shine-Dalgarno</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La séquence de Shine-Dalgarno (5’- AGGAGG -3’) est située entre 6 et 12 bases en amont du codon AUG de l'ARNm. </p><p>Cette séquence est particulièrement utile sur des <a href="/wiki/ARN_polycistronique" title="ARN polycistronique">ARNm polycistroniques</a>, c'est-à-dire des ARNm codant plusieurs protéines. Elle permet en effet la reconnaissance sélective des codons AUG de démarrage correspondants aux différents cadres ouverts de lecture (ORF) présents sur l'ARNm. Elle est située en amont de chaque codon de démarrage et est complémentaire de l'<a href="/wiki/ARN_ribosomique_16S" title="ARN ribosomique 16S">ARNr 16S</a>. Comme nous l'avons vu plus haut, la méthionine codée par le codon de démarrage est formylée sur le groupement amin. Il existe donc deux types d'<a href="/wiki/Acide_ribonucl%C3%A9ique_de_transfert" title="Acide ribonucléique de transfert">ARNt</a> pour la méthionine selon qu'elle est initiale ou interne. Dans ce dernier cas, elle n'est pas formylée. </p><p>La méthionine codée par le codon d'initiation est souvent excisée juste après la synthèse de la chaîne peptidique par une enzyme appelée méthionine aminopeptidase. </p><p>Note : l'anglicisme <b>codon start</b> est à éviter dans la mesure où le terme français est largement répandu dans la littérature scientifique francophone. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codon_d%27initiation&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codon_d%27initiation&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Utils/wprintgc.cgi?mode=t#SG4"><cite style="font-style:normal;">The Genetic Codes</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Pubmed</span></span> : <span class="citation">« il existe quelques exceptions comme la levure <i><a href="/wiki/Candida_albicans" title="Candida albicans">Candida albicans</a></i> qui peut utiliser le codon CAG, et les mitochondries qui utilisent de nombreux codons d'initiation différents »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="F.R._et_col.1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Blattner,_F.R._et_col.1997"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Blattner, F.R. et col., « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">the complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Science</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 277,‎ <time>1997</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1453-1474</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9278503">9278503</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=the+complete+genome+sequence+of+Escherichia+coli+K-12.&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.au=Blattner%2C+F.R.+et+col.&rft.date=1997&rft.volume=277&rft.pages=1453-1474&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9278503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACodon+d%27initiation"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kozak1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._Kozak1987">M. <span class="nom_auteur">Kozak</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs</cite> », <i>Nucleic Acids Research</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 15, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 20,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1987-10-26" data-sort-value="1987-10-26">26 octobre 1987</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">8125–8148</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0305-1048">0305-1048</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3313277">3313277</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/306349">306349</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3313277">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-11-10" data-sort-value="2016-11-10">10 novembre 2016</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+5%27-noncoding+sequences+from+699+vertebrate+messenger+RNAs&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issue=20&rft.aulast=Kozak&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.date=1987-10-26&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=8125%E2%80%938148&rft.issn=0305-1048&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3313277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACodon+d%27initiation"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="J.,_Dalgarno_L.1974"><span class="ouvrage" id="Shine_J.,_Dalgarno_L.1974"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Shine J., Dalgarno L., « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The 3'-terminal sequence of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA: complementarity to nonsense triplets and ribosome binding sites.</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 71,‎ <time>1974</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1342-1346</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4598299">4598299</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+3%27-terminal+sequence+of+Escherichia+coli+16S+ribosomal+RNA%3A+complementarity+to+nonsense+triplets+and+ribosome+binding+sites.&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+USA&rft.au=Shine+J.%2C+Dalgarno+L.&rft.date=1974&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=1342-1346&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4598299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACodon+d%27initiation"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codon_d%27initiation&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codon_d%27initiation&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codon_d%27initiation&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codon_d%27initiation&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codon_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Codon stop">Codon stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traduction" title="Traduction">Traduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Code génétique">Code génétique</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codon_d%27initiation&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codon_d%27initiation&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Biologie_cellulaire_et_mol%C3%A9culaire" title="Portail de la biologie cellulaire et moléculaire"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Red2.jpg/27px-Red2.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Red2.jpg/40px-Red2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Red2.jpg/53px-Red2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="166" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Biologie_cellulaire_et_mol%C3%A9culaire" title="Portail:Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire">Portail de la biologie cellulaire et moléculaire</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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