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href="#Dissolution_of_company_and_death:_1978–1996"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Dissolution of company and death: 1978–1996 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissolution_of_company_and_death:_1978–1996-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Legacy and impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal views </div> </a> <button 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Gordon Pask</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Gordon_Pask.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/Gordon_Pask.gif" decoding="async" width="205" height="310" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="310" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">28 June 1928 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 March 1996 (aged 67) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conversation_theory" title="Conversation theory">Conversation theory</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical computing">Chemical computing</a> <a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_Serendipity" title="Cybernetic Serendipity">Cybernetic Serendipity</a> <a href="/wiki/Fun_Palaces" title="Fun Palaces">Fun Palaces</a> <a href="/wiki/Interactions_of_actors_theory" title="Interactions of actors theory">Interactions of actors theory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Cybernetics#Wiener_and_McCulloch_awards" title="American Society for Cybernetics">Wiener Gold Medal</a> (1984)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Scientific career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Applied_epistemology" title="Applied epistemology">Applied epistemology</a> <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical computing">Chemical computing</a> <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a> <a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">Educational psychology</a> <a href="/wiki/Educational_technology" title="Educational technology">Educational technology</a> <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">Human–computer interaction</a> <a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brunel_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunel University">Brunel University</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Chicago">University of Illinois at Chicago</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</a> <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University" title="Concordia University">Concordia University</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Institute of Technology</a> <a href="/wiki/Architectural_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural Association">Architectural Association</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Andrew Gordon Speedie Pask (28 June 1928 – 29 March 1996) was a British <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetician</a>, inventor and <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> who made multiple contributions to cybernetics, <a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">educational psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Educational_technology" title="Educational technology">educational technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Applied_epistemology" title="Applied epistemology">applied epistemology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical computing">chemical computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">systems art</a>. During his life, he gained three doctorate degrees. He was an avid writer, with more than two hundred and fifty publications which included a variety of journal articles, books, periodicals, patents, and technical reports (many of which can be found at the main Pask archive at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[Footnote 1]</a> He worked as an academic and researcher for a variety of educational settings, research institutes, and private stakeholders including but not limited to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University" title="Concordia University">Concordia University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunel University London">Brunel University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Architectural_Association_School_of_Architecture" title="Architectural Association School of Architecture">Architectural Association School of Architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> He is known for the development of <a href="/wiki/Conversation_theory" title="Conversation theory">conversation theory</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education:_1928–1958">Early life and education: 1928–1958</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and education: 1928–1958">edit</a>]</div> Pask was born in <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>, England, on June 28, 1928, to his parents Percy and Mary Pask.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> His father was a partner in Pask, Cornish and Smart, a wholesale fruit business in Covent Garden.<a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a> He had two older siblings: Alfred, who trained as an engineer before becoming a Methodist minister, and Edgar, a professor of anesthetics.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[Footnote 2]</a> His family moved to the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> shortly after his birth.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Rydal_Penrhos" title="Rydal Penrhos">Rydal Penrhos</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pickering" title="Andrew Pickering">Andrew Pickering</a> and G. M. Furtado Cardoso Lopes, school taught Pask to "be a gangster" and he was noted for having designed bombs during his time at Rydal Penrhos which was delivered to a government ministry in relation to the war effort during the second world war.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-9">[7]</a> He later went on to complete two diplomas in Geology and Mining Engineering from <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool Polytechnic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor University</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> Pask later attended <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a> around 1949 to study for a bachelor's degree,<a href="#cite_note-10">[Footnote 3]</a> where he met his future associate and business partner Robin McKinnon-Wood, who was studying his undergraduate in Maths and Physics at the time.<a href="#cite_note-:2-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-12">[9]</a> At the time, Pask was living in Jordan's Yard, Cambridge under the supervision of the scientist and engineer John Brickell. During this time, Pask was more known for his work in the arts and musical theatre rather than his later pursuits in science and education.<a href="#cite_note-:2-11">[8]</a> He became interested in cybernetics and information theory in the early 1950s when <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a> was asked to give a presentation on the subject for the university.<a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[Footnote 4]</a> He eventually obtained an MA in natural sciences from the university in 1952,<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> and met his future wife Elizabeth Pask (née Poole) around this time at the birthday party of a mutual friend when she was studying at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool University</a> and he was visiting his father in <a href="/wiki/Wallasey" title="Wallasey">Wallasey</a>, Mersey.<a href="#cite_note-15">[11]</a> They married in 1956 and later had two daughters together.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginning_of_System_Research_Ltd:_1953–1961">Beginning of System Research Ltd: 1953–1961</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beginning of System Research Ltd: 1953–1961">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Eucrates" title="Eucrates">Eucrates</a></div> In 1953, Pask formally founded alongside his wife Elizabeth and Robin McKinnon-Wood the research organization System Research Ltd., in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond</a>, Surrey.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-16">[12]</a> According to McKinnon-Wood, his and Pask's early forays in musical comedy production at Cambridge through their earlier company Sirelelle lay the groundwork for his later company which they viewed as being "wholly consistent with the development of self-adaptive systems, self-organizing systems, man-machine interactions[,] etc".<a href="#cite_note-:2-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[Footnote 5]</a> After rebranding the company to System Research Ltd., the company became non-profit in 1961 with significant funding being derived from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Airforce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-18">[13]</a> Throughout the company's existence, it conducted a variety of research and development initiatives on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">civil service</a> organizations and research councils in both the United States and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[14]</a> During the active period of System Research Ltd., he and his associates worked on a number of projects including SAKI (self-adaptive keyboard machine), MusiColour (a light show where the colored lights would reduce their responsiveness to a given keyboard input over time so as to induce the keyboard player to play a different range of notes),<a href="#cite_note-:4-20">[15]</a> and finally educational technologies such as CASTE (Couse Assembly System Tutorial Environment) and Thoughtsticker (both of which were developed in the context of what became <a href="/wiki/Conversation_theory" title="Conversation theory">conversation theory</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[16]</a> During this period, Pask and McKinnon-Wood were asked to demonstrate their proof of concept for MusiColour on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Billy_Butlin" title="Billy Butlin">Billy Butlin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-22">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[18]</a> While the machine initially worked when the duo sought to demonstrate the technology to Butlin's deputy, after his arrival "it exploded in a cloud of white smoke",<a href="#cite_note-:3-22">[17]</a> due to McKinnon-Wood "buying junk electronic capacitors".<a href="#cite_note-:3-22">[17]</a> The duo managed to restart the machine; after which McKinnon-Wood purports Butlin to have remarked if such a machine could withstand an explosion like that, it must be reliable.<a href="#cite_note-:3-22">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Beer" title="Stafford Beer">Stafford Beer</a> also claims to have met Pask sometime during this period at a dinner party in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[Footnote 6]</a> and notes of both his genius, the difficulty in following his thought, and getting hold of; remarking both that "[Pask's] conception of things is not anyone else's perception of things",<a href="#cite_note-26">[20]</a> and that "The man can be quite infuriating".<a href="#cite_note-:12-27">[21]</a> Between the early to mid-1950s, Pask began to develop <a href="/wiki/Chemical_computer" title="Chemical computer">electrochemical devices</a> designed to find their own "relevance criteria".<a href="#cite_note-:16-28">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[23]</a> Pask performed experiments utilizing "electrochemical assemblages, passing current through various aqueous solutions of metallic salts (e.g., ferrous sulfate) in order to construct an <a href="/wiki/Analog_computer" title="Analog computer">analog control system</a>".<a href="#cite_note-:16-28">[22]</a> During the late 1950s, Pask managed to get a prototype device working.<a href="#cite_note-30">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Selfridge" title="Oliver Selfridge">Oliver Selfridge</a> noted that it was the second such mechanism, whereby "a machine build a machine electronically without any physical motion", actually worked.<a href="#cite_note-31">[25]</a> In September 1958 in <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur, Belgium</a>, he attended the second International Congress of Cybernetics. Pask was first introduced to <a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">Heinz von Foerster</a> during this time, who were both informed by the attendees of the conference of having submitted similar papers.<a href="#cite_note-32">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-33">[27]</a> After searching for Pask through the streets of Namur, von Foerster described his first observation of Pask as that of a "leprechaun in a black double-breasted jacket over a white shirt with a black bow tie, puffing a cigarette through a long cigarette holder, and fielding questions, always with a polite smile, that were tossed at him from all directions".<a href="#cite_note-34">[28]</a> von Foerster later asked Pask to join him at the <a href="/wiki/Biological_Computer_Laboratory" title="Biological Computer Laboratory">Biological Computer Laboratory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois</a>;<a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-33">[27]</a> subsequently describing him after his death as both being difficult and yet a genius.<a href="#cite_note-:13-36">[30]</a> He also this year produced SAKI (self-adaptive keyboard machine) for the instruction and development of keyboard skills aimed at the commercial marketplace.<a href="#cite_note-:5-2">[1]</a> His former research assistant Bernard Scott argues that "The Mechanisation of Thought Processes" conference at the <a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)">National Physics Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teddington" title="Teddington">Teddington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[Footnote 7]</a> London represented a critical point in the development of Pask's thinking:<a href="#cite_note-38">[Footnote 8]</a> It was here Pask first published his paper "Physical Analogues to the Growth of a Concept" (1959) which contained a theoretical discussion on how the "growth of crystals [through the use of] <a href="/wiki/Electrode" title="Electrode">electrodes</a> suspended in an electronic solution", could be used to represent in purely physical phenomenon the growth of a concept.<a href="#cite_note-:6-33">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Warren_McCulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren McCulloch">Warren McCulloch</a> wrote in relation to the presentation that: "[Pask's] gadget does work; it does "take habbits" by a mechanism that <a href="/wiki/Charles_Peirce" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Peirce">Charles Peirce</a> proposed".<a href="#cite_note-39">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[Footnote 9]</a> During the later years of this period, Pask had begun to describe himself as a <a href="/wiki/Experimental_philosophy" title="Experimental philosophy">mechanic philosopher</a> to emphasize both the theoretical and experimental aspects of his role.<a href="#cite_note-:5-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[Footnote 10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_period_of_System_Research_Ltd:_1961–1978">Later period of System Research Ltd: 1961–1978</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later period of System Research Ltd: 1961–1978">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Conversation_theory" title="Conversation theory">Conversation theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second-order_cybernetics" title="Second-order cybernetics">Second-order cybernetics</a></div> During the 1960s, Pask worked significantly with psychologist B. N. Lewis and computer scientist <a href="/wiki/G._L._Mallen" class="mw-redirect" title="G. L. Mallen">G. L. Mallen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-18">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[Footnote 11]</a> In 1961, Pask published An Approach to Cybernetics.<a href="#cite_note-43">[32]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Glanville" title="Ranulph Glanville">Ranulph Glanville</a>, the work argued in favour of the notion that cybernetics was at its heart the art of creating defensible metaphors; this being in reference to the cross-disciplinary nature of the early cybernetics movement, which specifically stressed how analogous forms of control and communication could be found operating between disciplines.<a href="#cite_note-44">[33]</a> Mallen joined System Research Ltd., in 1964 as a research associate on a project to analyse decision-making in <a href="/wiki/Crime_investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime investigation">crime investigation</a>. This led to the development of SIMPOL (SIMulation of a POLice system), which was an information management game. Results from the project were reported back to the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">home office</a> and were believed by Mallen to have had some impact on policy decisions taken by the police.<a href="#cite_note-45">[34]</a> Mallen described Gordon as "a great gadgeteer and had built adaptive <a href="/wiki/Teaching_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Teaching machines">teaching machines</a>, for example, to train teleprinter operators, and he used these as a way into understanding human skill learning processes".<a href="#cite_note-46">[35]</a> Mallen suggests that also during this year, Pask presented a lecture to <a href="/wiki/Ealing_Art_College" title="Ealing Art College">Ealing College of Art</a> on system theory and cybernetics.<a href="#cite_note-47">[36]</a> He writes this influenced several students there, and represented a general ethos in the 1960s regarding the breaking of <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinarity" title="Interdisciplinarity">disciplinary boundaries</a> for which Systems Research Ltd., became a central convergence point.<a href="#cite_note-48">[37]</a> One notable project Pask became involved with involved the <a href="/wiki/Fun_Palaces" title="Fun Palaces">Fun Palace</a>, conceived of with the aid of <a href="/wiki/Joan_Littlewood" title="Joan Littlewood">Joan Littlewood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cedric_Price" title="Cedric Price">Cedric Price</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:21-49">[38]</a> Sometime during this period, Pask met <a href="/wiki/George_Spencer_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="George Spencer Brown">George Spencer-Brown</a> who became a <a href="/wiki/Lodging" title="Lodging">lodger</a> at the Pask family's home while working at Stafford Beer and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Eddison" title="Roger Eddison">Roger Eddison's</a> operational research consultancy SIGMA (Science in General Management) via strong recommendation from <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-50">[39]</a> It was here where Spencer-Brown is said to have written his <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Form" title="Laws of Form">Laws of Form</a> for long hours whilst inebriated in the Pask family's bathtub.<a href="#cite_note-:4-20">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-50">[39]</a> According to Vanilla Beer, Stafford's daughter, Pask is purported to have claimed while reminiscing about Spencer-Brown's time at his and his wife's household, that "When [Spencer-Brown] bathed, it wasn't often. He used my gin, to wash in".<a href="#cite_note-:8-50">[39]</a> His wife Elizabeth is also purported to have said, in reference to Spencer-Brown having forgot her name after he ceased to be a lodger, "I wouldn't mind, but I cooked for him for six months".<a href="#cite_note-:8-50">[39]</a> Pask later earned a PhD in psychology from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> in 1964,<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> and later joined <a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunel University London">Brunel University</a> in 1968 as one of the founding Professors of the Cybernetics Department at Brunel.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[40]</a> The department was originally intended to be a <a href="/wiki/Research_institute" title="Research institute">research institute</a> that was originally spearheaded by the media proprietor <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Harmsworth_King" title="Cecil Harmsworth King">Cecil Harmsworth King</a>, who was influenced by Stafford Beer's work in management consulting. King died however shortly before its opening, meaning that the Brunel enterprise mostly became a post-graduate teaching department rather than a research institute.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[40]</a> Since Pask could not find a viable solution for intersecting his work at System Research Ltd., with the department's permission decided to become a part-time Professor there while <a href="/wiki/Frank_Honywill_George" title="Frank Honywill George">Frank George</a> became full-time head of the Cybernetics Department.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[40]</a> It was here he recruited Bernard Scott who he was introduced to by David Stuart, a newly appointed lecturer at Brunel in the Department of Psychology.<a href="#cite_note-52">[41]</a> Scott later went on a sixth-month internship as a research assistant at System Research Ltd., who himself would later be a major contributor to the development of conversation theory.<a href="#cite_note-53">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[43]</a> Pask later discontinued his work on <a href="/wiki/Chemical_computer" title="Chemical computer">chemical computers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[44]</a> This may have happened during the early 1960s, or during the mid-1960s.<a href="#cite_note-56">[45]</a> According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Cariani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Cariani (page does not exist)">Peter Cariani</a>, funding for alternative approaches to <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> had dried up. This turn in direction was triggered by a greater emphasis on research utilizing <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_artificial_intelligence" title="Symbolic artificial intelligence">symbolic artificial intelligence</a>. Previous approaches to artificial intelligence, which included the use of <a href="/wiki/Neural_nets" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural nets">neural nets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_programming" title="Evolutionary programming">evolutionary programming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bionics" title="Bionics">bionics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bio-inspired_computing" title="Bio-inspired computing">bio-inspired computing</a>, were side-lined by various funding bodies and interest groups. This placed greater pressure on System Research Ltd., to use more orthodox <a href="/wiki/Digital_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital computer">digital computer</a> approaches to technology-based issues.<a href="#cite_note-57">[46]</a> Peter Cariani has expressed the view, that if we were to build physical devices a la Pask, we would replicate a kind of electrochemical assemblages, which would "have properties radically different from contemporary neural networks".<a href="#cite_note-58">[47]</a> Mallen documents that in 1968, Pask arrived to "create an exhibit for Jasia Reichardt's planned Cybernetic Serendipity project at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts" title="Institute of Contemporary Arts">Institute of Contemporary Arts</a>".<a href="#cite_note-:21-49">[38]</a> It was here where Pask's Colloquy of Mobiles was first <a href="/wiki/Exhibition" title="Exhibition">exhibited</a>. The figures in the exhibit would dance and rotate when spectators entered their vicinity. The system was built by Mark Dowson and Tony Watts, based on Pask's initial conception and with Mallen helping to install it.<a href="#cite_note-:21-49">[38]</a> According to Mallen, " It proved popular when it worked, but was a mite unreliable".<a href="#cite_note-:21-49">[38]</a> In 1970, Mallen and others designed Ecogame, a <a href="/wiki/System_dynamics" title="System dynamics">system dynamics</a> model of a hypothetical national economy,<a href="#cite_note-59">[48]</a> which encouraged participants to reflect on their own behavior in the system. The <a href="/wiki/Pedagogical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedagogical">pedagogical</a> function was influenced by Pask's research and activity in cybernetics and <a href="/wiki/Media_art_history" title="Media art history">media-art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:20-60">[49]</a> According to Claudia Costa Pederson, Pask understood and put emphasis on the view that learning was a self-organized, mutual and participatory process. Ecogame was therefore a pedagogical <a href="/wiki/Simulation" title="Simulation">simulation</a>, that was supposed to engage the viewer with an intuitive interface.<a href="#cite_note-:20-60">[49]</a> It was successfully demonstrated in September 1970 at the Computer '70 <a href="/wiki/Trade_show" title="Trade show">trade show</a> at the Olympia conference centre in London. Ecogame was subsequently incorporated into the program of the First European Management Forum during February 1971, which later emerged as the forerunner to the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in Davos.<a href="#cite_note-:20-60">[49]</a> A version of Ecogame was sold to <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> for management education in the <a href="/wiki/Blaricum" title="Blaricum">Blaricum</a> IBM center. The slide projection technology of Ecogame was incorporated by <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Beer" title="Stafford Beer">Stafford Beer</a> into <a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a>, implemented by <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:20-60">[49]</a> During the early 1970s, Pask became heavily involved in joint initiatives between his company and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Human_Learning" title="Centre for the Study of Human Learning">Centre for the Study of Human Learning</a> (CSHL) alongside Laurie Thomas and Shelia Harri-Augstein at Brunel on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> to examine conversational approaches to anger, where he exhibited alongside his associates at his company his CASTE and BOSS technologies.<a href="#cite_note-61">[50]</a> By 1972, Pask began the process of compiling his work into the form of "a formal theory of conversational processes".<a href="#cite_note-62">[51]</a> Due to the academic environment, Pask was working in, he decided early on from 1972 to 1973 to report on the experimental contents of his research due to the <a href="/wiki/Verificationism" title="Verificationism">emphasis on empirical studies</a> and general distrust of <a href="/wiki/Grand_theory" title="Grand theory">grand theory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[52]</a> Whilst visiting professor of educational technology, he obtained a <a href="/wiki/DSc" class="mw-redirect" title="DSc">DSc</a> in cybernetics from the <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> The collective work on Pask's <a href="/wiki/Conversation_theory" title="Conversation theory">interest in conversation</a> at this time culminated in three major publications with the aid of Bernard Scott, Dionysius Kallikourdis, and others. At the same time Pask, with the assistance of the computer scientist Nick Green and others, had begun to work on military contracts on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-:9-64">[53]</a> In 1975, Pask's team at System Research Ltd. had written and published The Cybernetics of Human Learning & Performance and Conversation, Cognition and Learning: A Cybernetic Theory and Methodology.<a href="#cite_note-65">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[55]</a> In the subsequent year 1976, they published Conversation Theory: Applications in Education and Epistemology.<a href="#cite_note-67">[56]</a> It has been claimed that due to the prevailing orthodox attitudes of psychological research at the time, his work did not gain widespread acceptance in the area but found more success in <a href="/wiki/Educational_research" title="Educational research">educational research</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[58]</a> Pask also sometime between 1975 and 1978, received funding from the <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Engineering_Research_Council" title="Science and Engineering Research Council">Science and Engineering Research Council</a> to develop the "Spy Ring" test in relation to his theory of learning styles.<a href="#cite_note-:9-64">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution_of_company_and_death:_1978–1996">Dissolution of company and death: 1978–1996</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dissolution of company and death: 1978–1996">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Interactions_of_actors_theory" title="Interactions of actors theory">Interactions of actors theory</a></div> Around 1978, Pask became more heavily involved in Ministry of Defence projects; yet he was struggling to keep his own company viable.<a href="#cite_note-70">[59]</a> The company later disbanded in the early 1980s, whereby he moved on to teach for a time at <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University" title="Concordia University">Concordia University</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a> (in the Centre for Innovation and Co-operative Technology), and the <a href="/wiki/Architectural_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural Association">Architectural Association</a> in London,<a href="#cite_note-71">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-72">[61]</a> where he acted as a doctoral supervisor for Ranulph Glanville.<a href="#cite_note-:15-73">[62]</a> During the early 1980s, Pask co-authored Calculator Saturnalia (1980) with the help of Ranulph Glanville and Mike Robinson, which consisted of a collection of games to play on a calculator; he also co-authored Microman Living and Growing with Computers (1982) with Susan Curran Macmillan.<a href="#cite_note-:14-72">[61]</a> Edward Barnes asserts that during this period, his work on <a href="/wiki/Conversation_theory" title="Conversation theory">conversation theory</a> "was further refined during the 1980s and until Pask's death in 1996 by his research group in Amsterdam. This latter refinement is called <a href="/wiki/Interactions_of_actors_theory" title="Interactions of actors theory">interaction of actors</a> (IA) theory".<a href="#cite_note-74">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[Footnote 12]</a> According to Glanville, Pask semi-retired on June 28, 1993.<a href="#cite_note-:15-73">[62]</a> During the last few years of his life, Pask set up the company Pask Associates, a management consultancy firm, whose clients included the <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Rome" title="Club of Rome">Club of Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norsk_Hydro" title="Norsk Hydro">Hydro Aluminium</a>, and the Architecture Association.<a href="#cite_note-:9-64">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[64]</a> He also provided some preliminary work for a project on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> and received initial support from <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenpeace International">Greenpeace International</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London's</a> Department of Electronics for a project in quantitative <a href="/wiki/Chemical_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical analysis">chemical analysis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-64">[53]</a> He obtained a <a href="/wiki/ScD" class="mw-redirect" title="ScD">ScD</a> from his college, <a href="/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="Downing College, Cambridge">Downing</a> Cambridge in 1995,<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> and later died on March the 29th 1996 at the London Clinic.<a href="#cite_note-77">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_impact">Legacy and impact</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy and impact">edit</a>]</div> Pask's primary contributions to <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">educational psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Learning_theory_(education)" title="Learning theory (education)">learning theory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Systems_theory" title="Systems theory">systems theory</a>, as well as to numerous other fields, were his emphasis on the personal nature of reality, and on the process of learning as stemming from the consensual agreement of interacting actors in a given environment ("conversation").[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In later life, Pask benefited less often from the critical feedback of research peers, reviewers of proposals, or reports to government bodies in the US and UK. Nevertheless, his publications were considered a storehouse of <a href="/wiki/Idea" title="Idea">ideas</a> that are not fully theorized.<a href="#cite_note-PDFs_of_some_of_the_Papers_of_Gordon_Pask-78">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Nelson" title="Ted Nelson">Ted Nelson</a>, who coined the concept of <a href="/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia">hypermedia</a> references Pask in <a href="/wiki/Computer_Lib/Dream_Machines" title="Computer Lib/Dream Machines">Computer Lib/Dream Machines</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Pask acted as a consultant to <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Negroponte" title="Nicholas Negroponte">Nicholas Negroponte</a>, whose earliest research efforts at the <a href="/wiki/Architecture_Machine_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture Machine Group">Architecture Machine Group</a> on <a href="/wiki/Idiosyncrasy" title="Idiosyncrasy">Idiosyncrasy</a> and software-based partners for design have their roots in Pask's work.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality">Personality</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personality">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pickering" title="Andrew Pickering">Andrew Pickering</a> argues that Pask was a "character" in the traditional British sense of the term, as he likens both <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Beer" title="Stafford Beer">Stafford Beer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grey_Walter" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey Walter">Grey Walter</a>. His dress sense was eccentric and flamboyant for his time, adopting the dress of an <a href="/wiki/Edwardian" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian">Edwardian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dandy" title="Dandy">dandy</a> with his signature <a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow tie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double-breasted_jacket" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-breasted jacket">double-breasted jacket</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">cape</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[67]</a> His sleep pattern, later in life, was described as "nocturnal" and would often begin his work at night and sleep during the day.<a href="#cite_note-80">[68]</a> Mallen meanwhile has suggested: "He ran his life on a 36-hour rhythm which meant sleep times and meal times seldom coincided with those of us on normal 24-hour <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal rhythm">diurnal rhythms</a>. Nevertheless the theories and ideas which came of the resulting late night conversations were intellectually very stimulating, if physically demanding".<a href="#cite_note-81">[69]</a> Furtado Cardoso Lopes notes that even from an early age, it was "Pask's curiosity, interdisciplinarity and interest in the complex nature of things that fuelled his incursion into cybernetics".<a href="#cite_note-:17-9">[7]</a> Pask's "power to inspire [others] was evident throughout his working life".<a href="#cite_note-:11-82">[70]</a> He was noted by his former colleagues as being capable of great kindness and generosity,<a href="#cite_note-83">[Footnote 13]</a> yet also sometimes the utter disregard for the individuals he associated himself with.<a href="#cite_note-:11-82">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a> Part of this was due to his view that "conflict is a source of cognitive energy and thereby a means for moving a system forward more rapidly".<a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a> According to Luis Rocha, "Conflict was in fact one of his preferred tools to achieve consensual understanding between participants in a conversation".<a href="#cite_note-84">[71]</a> This generation of conflict, however, is noted to have sometimes driven those around him further away than he would have preferred.<a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a> This is evidenced in his own technological pursuits, where "His touch-typing tutor pushed the learner harder and harder, to the point where the rate of learning is greatest but also closest to the brink of system collapse".<a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a> While his friends and colleagues often recognized his genius, they would also acknowledge him as being at times difficult to get along with,<a href="#cite_note-:12-27">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-36">[30]</a> as well as "some need[ing] time to recover".<a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a> He mellowed in later years and, inspired by his wife Elizabeth, converted to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[72]</a> which according to Scott, "deeply satisfied his need for understandings that address the great mysteries of life".<a href="#cite_note-:11-82">[70]</a> Even with this mellowing, however, his innate intensity of character and interests was nonetheless always there.<a href="#cite_note-:4-20">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_views">Personal views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal views">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Artificial Intelligence">edit</a>]</div> According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Pangaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Pangaro (page does not exist)">Paul Pangaro</a>, a former collaborator and PhD student of his, Pask was critical of certain interpretations of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> which were common during the eras he was active in.<a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a> Alex Andrew has argued that Pask's interest in what is now labelled as "artificial intelligence", came from his general interest "in constructing artefacts with brain-like properties".<a href="#cite_note-86">[73]</a> Pangaro claims that Pask had managed to simulate intelligence-like behaviours with electro-mechanical machines in the 1950s, with Pangaro further arguing "By realising that intelligence resides in interaction, not inside a head or box, his path was clear. To those who didn't understand his philosophical stance, the value of his work was invisible [to them]".<a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a> The emphasis for Pask, according to Pangaro, was that human intellectual activity existed as part of a kind of resonance that looped from a human individual through an environment or apparatus, back through to the individual.<a href="#cite_note-:10-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-20">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[Footnote 14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cybernetics">edit</a>]</div> Pask took a broad understanding of what <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetics</a> entailed. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, cybernetics had in Pask's mind no necessary commitment to a particular image as to what constitutes the environment. Instead, the focus is on the observations one makes via <a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">observation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[74]</a> Pask saw it as mistaken to view cybernetics reductively. For him, cybernetics was not merely a derivative of other disciplines or <a href="/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">applied science</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:18-16">[12]</a> Instead, Pask held true to <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a>'s original vision by acknowledging that cybernetics attempts to provide a unifying framework for various disciplines by establishing "a common language and set of shared <a href="/wiki/Principle" title="Principle">principles</a> for understanding the organization of complex systems".<a href="#cite_note-:11-82">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-16">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Work">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colloquy_of_mobiles">Colloquy of mobiles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Colloquy of mobiles">edit</a>]</div> Pask participated in the seminal exhibition "<a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_Serendipity" title="Cybernetic Serendipity">Cybernetic Serendipity</a>" (ICA London, 1968) with the interactive installation "Colloquy of Mobiles", continuing his ongoing dialogue with the visual and performing arts. (cf Rosen 2008, and Dreher's History of Computer Art) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fun_Palace">Fun Palace</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fun Palace">edit</a>]</div> Pask collaborated with architect <a href="/wiki/Cedric_Price" title="Cedric Price">Cedric Price</a> and theatre director <a href="/wiki/Joan_Littlewood" title="Joan Littlewood">Joan Littlewood</a> on the radical Fun Palace project during the 1960s, setting up the project's 'Cybernetics Subcommittee'. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musicolour">Musicolour</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Musicolour">edit</a>]</div> Musicolour was an interactive light installation developed by Pask in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-89">[75]</a> It responded to musicians' variations and, if they did not vary their playing, it would become 'bored' and stop responding, prompting the musicians to respond. Musicolour was influential on <a href="/wiki/Cedric_Price" title="Cedric Price">Cedric Price</a>'s Generator project, via the work of consultants Julia and John Frazer.<a href="#cite_note-90">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SAKI">SAKI</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: SAKI">edit</a>]</div> SAKI (self-adaptive keyboard machine) was an adaptable keyboard machine created by Pask which fostered interactivity between user and machine. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thoughtsticker">Thoughtsticker</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Thoughtsticker">edit</a>]</div> Thoughtsticker (written as THOUGHTSTICKER) was described by Pask and his fellow collaborators in the 1970s as a special type of educational <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[Footnote 15]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[78]</a> In the operating system, a user makes a <a href="/wiki/Model" title="Model">concrete model</a> or collection of concrete models in the concrete modeling facility of that operating system.<a href="#cite_note-:19-94">[79]</a> The user then sets out to describe why and how the model or collection of models relates to satisfying some overarching <a href="/wiki/Goal" title="Goal">goal</a> or thesis via describing their <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_model" title="Cognitive model">cognitive model</a> or <a href="/wiki/Personal_construct_theory" title="Personal construct theory">personal construct</a> of that relation in the cognitive modeling facility of that operating system.<a href="#cite_note-:19-94">[79]</a> In explaining why and how the model or collection of models satisfies the goal or thesis, the user may add to their original concrete model, or provide new descriptions of topics for their cognitive model that had not been sufficiently elaborated upon.<a href="#cite_note-:19-94">[79]</a> Compared to Pask's EXTEND unit, Thoughtsticker was said to exteriorize the innovation of ideas in learning, whereas EXTEND merely permitted and recorded the product of such a process.<a href="#cite_note-95">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications_and_projects">Selected publications and projects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Selected publications and projects">edit</a>]</div> Pask wrote extensively and contributed to a variety of institutions, journals, and publishing houses. Many items in the following list of publications have been identified at the Pask archive at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[Footnote 1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPask1961a" class="citation book cs1">Pask, Gordon (1961a). An Approach to Cybernetics. London: <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Approach+to+Cybernetics&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975a" class="citation book cs1">——— (1975a). The Cybernetics of Human Learning and Performance. London: <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchinson (publisher)">Hutchinson</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cybernetics+of+Human+Learning+and+Performance&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975b" class="citation book cs1">——— (1975b). Conversation, cognition and learning. Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversation%2C+cognition+and+learning&rft.place=Netherlands&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976a" class="citation book cs1">——— (1976a). Conversation Theory, Applications in Education and Epistemology. Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversation+Theory%2C+Applications+in+Education+and+Epistemology&rft.place=Netherlands&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskGlanvilleRobinson1981" class="citation book cs1">———; <a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Glanville" title="Ranulph Glanville">Glanville, Ranulph</a>; Robinson, Mike (1981). Calculator Saturnalia, Or, Travels with a Calculator : A Compendium of Diversions & Improving Exercises for Ladies and Gentlemen. London: <a href="/wiki/Wildwood_House_(publisher)" title="Wildwood House (publisher)">Wildwood House</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calculator+Saturnalia%2C+Or%2C+Travels+with+a+Calculator+%3A+A+Compendium+of+Diversions+%26+Improving+Exercises+for+Ladies+and+Gentlemen&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Wildwood+House&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Glanville%2C+Ranulph&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskCurran1982" class="citation book cs1">———; Curran, Susan (1982). Microman Living and growing with computers. London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">MacMillan</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Microman+Living+and+growing+with+computers&rft.place=London&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Curran%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_chapters_and_sections">Book chapters and sections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Book chapters and sections">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1960" class="citation book cs1">Pask, Gordon (1960). "The Natural History of Networks". In Yovits, M.C; Cameron, S (eds.). Self Organising Systems. London: <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a>. pp. 232–261.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Natural+History+of+Networks&rft.btitle=Self+Organising+Systems&rft.place=London&rft.pages=232-261&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1960" class="citation book cs1">——— (1960). "The Teaching Machine as a Control Mechanism". In Glaser, R; Lumsdaine, A (eds.). Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning. Vol. 1. Washington: <a href="/wiki/National_Education_Association" title="National Education Association">Nat. Ed. Assoc</a>. pp. 349–366.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Teaching+Machine+as+a+Control+Mechanism&rft.btitle=Teaching+Machines+and+Programmed+Learning&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=349-366&rft.pub=Nat.+Ed.+Assoc&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1960" class="citation book cs1">——— (1960). "Adaptive Teaching with Adaptive Machines". In Glaser, R; Lumsdaine, A (eds.). Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning. Vol. 1. Washington: <a href="/wiki/National_Education_Association" title="National Education Association">Nat. Ed. Assoc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adaptive+Teaching+with+Adaptive+Machines&rft.btitle=Teaching+Machines+and+Programmed+Learning&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=Nat.+Ed.+Assoc&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1961" class="citation book cs1">——— (1961). "A Proposed Evolutionary Model". In <a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">von Foerster</a>, H; Zopf, G (eds.). Principles of Self Organisation. London: <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a>. pp. 229–254.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Proposed+Evolutionary+Model&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Self+Organisation&rft.place=London&rft.pages=229-254&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation book cs1">——— (1962). "The Simulation of Learning and Decision Making Behaviour". In Muses, C (ed.). Aspects of the Artificial Intelligence. New York: <a href="/wiki/Plenum_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Plenum Press">Plenum Press</a>. pp. 165–210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Simulation+of+Learning+and+Decision+Making+Behaviour&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=165-210&rft.pub=Plenum+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1963" class="citation book cs1">——— (1963). "Discussion of the Cybernetics of Learning Behaviour". In <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Weiner</a>, N; Schadé, J.P. (eds.). Nerve, Brain and Memory Models. Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier Publishing Company">Elsevier Publishing Co.</a> pp. 75–214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Discussion+of+the+Cybernetics+of+Learning+Behaviour&rft.btitle=Nerve%2C+Brain+and+Memory+Models&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=75-214&rft.pub=Elsevier+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation book cs1">——— (1964). "A Proposed Experimental Method for the Behavioural Sciences". In <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Weiner</a>, N; Schadé, J.P. (eds.). Progress in Biocybernetics. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier Publishing Company">Elsevier Publishing Co.</a> pp. 171–180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Proposed+Experimental+Method+for+the+Behavioural+Sciences&rft.btitle=Progress+in+Biocybernetics&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=171-180&rft.pub=Elsevier+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation book cs1">——— (1962). "Interaction Between a Group of Subjects and An Adaptive Automaton to Produce a Self-organising System for Decision-Making". In Yovits, M.C.; Jacobi, G.T.; Goldstein, G.D. (eds.). Self Organising Systems. Washington: Spartan Books. pp. 283–312.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Interaction+Between+a+Group+of+Subjects+and+An+Adaptive+Automaton+to+Produce+a+Self-organising+System+for+Decision-Making&rft.btitle=Self+Organising+Systems&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=283-312&rft.pub=Spartan+Books&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation book cs1">——— (1962). "Musicolour". In Good, I.J. (ed.). The Scientist Speculates. London: <a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a>. pp. 135–136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Musicolour&rft.btitle=The+Scientist+Speculates&rft.place=London&rft.pages=135-136&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation book cs1">——— (1962). "Self-organising Pumps and Barges". In Good, I.J. (ed.). The Scientist Speculates. London: <a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a>. pp. 140–142.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Self-organising+Pumps+and+Barges&rft.btitle=The+Scientist+Speculates&rft.place=London&rft.pages=140-142&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation book cs1">——— (1962). "Can Thinking Make It So?". In Good, I.J. (ed.). The Scientist Speculates. London: <a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a>. p. 173.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Can+Thinking+Make+It+So%3F&rft.btitle=The+Scientist+Speculates&rft.place=London&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation book cs1">——— (1962). "My Prediction for 1984". In Bannister, R (ed.). Prospect. London: <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchinson Publishing">Hutchinson</a>. pp. 207–220.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=My+Prediction+for+1984&rft.btitle=Prospect&rft.place=London&rft.pages=207-220&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1963" class="citation book cs1">——— (1963). "The Conception of a Shape and the Evolution of a Design". In Jones, J.C.; Thornley, D.G. (eds.). Conference on Design Methods. London: <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a>. pp. 153–168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Conception+of+a+Shape+and+the+Evolution+of+a+Design&rft.btitle=Conference+on+Design+Methods&rft.place=London&rft.pages=153-168&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation book cs1">——— (1964). "Adaptive Teaching Machines". In Austwick, K (ed.). Teaching Machines. London: <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a>. pp. 79–112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adaptive+Teaching+Machines&rft.btitle=Teaching+Machines&rft.place=London&rft.pages=79-112&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation book cs1">——— (1964). "A Discussion of Artificial Intelligence and Self-organisation". In Rubinoff, M (ed.). Advances in Computers. Vol. 5. New York: <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. pp. 110–226.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Discussion+of+Artificial+Intelligence+and+Self-organisation&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Computers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=110-226&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1968" class="citation book cs1">——— (1968). "Man as a System that Needs to Learn, Stewart". In Stewart, D (ed.). Automation Theory and Learning Systems. London: <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. pp. 137–208.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Man+as+a+System+that+Needs+to+Learn%2C+Stewart&rft.btitle=Automation+Theory+and+Learning+Systems&rft.place=London&rft.pages=137-208&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation book cs1">——— (1964). "Ampassungfähige Lehrmaschinen zur Gruppenschulung". In Frank, H (ed.). Kybernetische Machinen. Frankfurt: <a href="/wiki/S._Fischer_Verlag" title="S. Fischer Verlag">S. Fischer-Verlag</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ampassungf%C3%A4hige+Lehrmaschinen+zur+Gruppenschulung&rft.btitle=Kybernetische+Machinen&rft.place=Frankfurt&rft.pub=S.+Fischer-Verlag&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1966" class="citation book cs1">——— (1966). "Comments on the Cybernetics of Ethical, Psychological and Sociological Systems". In Schadé, J.P. (ed.). Progress in Biocybernetics. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comments+on+the+Cybernetics+of+Ethical%2C+Psychological+and+Sociological+Systems&rft.btitle=Progress+in+Biocybernetics&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskLewis1965" class="citation book cs1">———; Lewis, B.N. (1965). "The Theory and Practice of Adaptive Teaching Systems". In Glaser, R (ed.). Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning. Data and Directions. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Education_Association" title="National Education Association">National Educational Association</a>. pp. 213–266.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Theory+and+Practice+of+Adaptive+Teaching+Systems&rft.btitle=Teaching+Machines+and+Programmed+Learning&rft.place=Washington&rft.series=Data+and+Directions&rft.pages=213-266&rft.pub=National+Educational+Association&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Lewis%2C+B.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1965" class="citation book cs1">——— (1965). "Comments on the Organisation of Man, Machines and Concepts". In Heilprin; Markussen; Goodman (eds.). Education for Information Science. Spartan Press and Macmillan. pp. 133–154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comments+on+the+Organisation+of+Man%2C+Machines+and+Concepts&rft.btitle=Education+for+Information+Science&rft.pages=133-154&rft.pub=Spartan+Press+and+Macmillan&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1967" class="citation book cs1">——— (1967). "A Look into the Future". In Goldsmith, M (ed.). Mechanisation in the Classroom. <a href="/wiki/Souvenir_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Souvenir Press">Souvenir Press</a>. pp. 185–267.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Look+into+the+Future&rft.btitle=Mechanisation+in+the+Classroom&rft.pages=185-267&rft.pub=Souvenir+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1972" class="citation book cs1">——— (1972). "Adaptive Machines". In Davies, I.K.; Hartley, J (eds.). Contributions to an Educational Technology. London: <a href="/wiki/Butterworths_Scientific_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterworths Scientific Publications">Butterworths</a>. pp. 57–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adaptive+Machines&rft.btitle=Contributions+to+an+Educational+Technology&rft.place=London&rft.pages=57-69&rft.pub=Butterworths&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1969" class="citation book cs1">——— (1969). "A Method for Studying the Fluctuations and Divisions of Attention when the Level of Goal Achievement is held at a Constant Value". In Shumilina, V. (ed.). Systems of Study of The Brain Functional Organisation. Russia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Method+for+Studying+the+Fluctuations+and+Divisions+of+Attention+when+the+Level+of+Goal+Achievement+is+held+at+a+Constant+Value&rft.btitle=Systems+of+Study+of+The+Brain+Functional+Organisation&rft.place=Russia&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) A volume dedicated to Professor P. Anohkin.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation book cs1">——— (1970). "Cognitive Systems". In Garvin, P.I. (ed.). Cognition, a Multiple View. New York: Spartan. pp. 394–405.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cognitive+Systems&rft.btitle=Cognition%2C+a+Multiple+View&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=394-405&rft.pub=Spartan&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation book cs1">——— (1970). "The Meaning of Cybernetics in the Behavioural Sciences". In Rose, J (ed.). Progress in Cybernetics. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Gordon_and_Breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon and Breach">Gordon and Breach</a>. pp. 15–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+of+Cybernetics+in+the+Behavioural+Sciences&rft.btitle=Progress+in+Cybernetics&rft.pages=15-45&rft.pub=Gordon+and+Breach&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Reprinted in Cybernetica No 3 1970, 140–159, and in No 4 1970, 240–250. Reprinted in Artorga Communications, 140-148</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation book cs1">——— (September 1970). "Teaching Machines". In Rose, B (ed.). Modern Trends in Education. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. pp. 216–259.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Teaching+Machines&rft.btitle=Modern+Trends+in+Education&rft.pages=216-259&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1970-09&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1969" class="citation book cs1">——— (September 1969). "Des Machines Qui Apprennant". In Schellars, A; Godwin, F (eds.). Les Dossier de la Cybernetique, Schellars. <a href="/wiki/Marabout_(publishing_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marabout (publishing company)">Marabout</a> Universite, 150 Fresses Gerard, <a href="/wiki/Verviers" title="Verviers">Verviers</a>, Belgium. pp. 147–157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Des+Machines+Qui+Apprennant&rft.btitle=Les+Dossier+de+la+Cybernetique%2C+Schellars&rft.place=Marabout+Universite%2C+150+Fresses+Gerard%2C+Verviers%2C+Belgium&rft.pages=147-157&rft.date=1969-09&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation book cs1">——— (1970). "A Comment, A Case History and A Plan". In Reichardt, J (ed.). Cybernetic Serendipity. Rapp. And Carroll.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Comment%2C+A+Case+History+and+A+Plan&rft.btitle=Cybernetic+Serendipity&rft.pub=Rapp.+And+Carroll&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988">Reprinted in Cybernetics, Art and Ideas, Reichardt, J., (Ed.) Studio Vista, London, 1971, 76-99</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1969" class="citation book cs1">——— (1969). "Learning and Teaching Systems". In Rose, J (ed.). Survey of Cybernetics. Iliffe Books. pp. 163–186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Learning+and+Teaching+Systems&rft.btitle=Survey+of+Cybernetics&rft.pages=163-186&rft.pub=Iliffe+Books&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation book cs1">——— (1973). "Die Automatisierung des Unterrichts unde die Natur des Lernens". In Rollet, H.B.; Weltner, K. (eds.). Fortschrift unde Ergebnisse des Bildungsterchnologie. Vol. 5. Ehrenwirth Verlag. pp. 86–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Automatisierung+des+Unterrichts+unde+die+Natur+des+Lernens&rft.btitle=Fortschrift+unde+Ergebnisse+des+Bildungsterchnologie&rft.pages=86-111&rft.pub=Ehrenwirth+Verlag&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation book cs1">——— (1973). "Principous de Aprendizagem e de control". Cybernetica e Comunicado. University of Sao Paulo: Editôra Cultrix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Principous+de+Aprendizagem+e+de+control&rft.btitle=Cybernetica+e+Comunicado&rft.place=University+of+Sao+Paulo&rft.pub=Edit%C3%B4ra+Cultrix&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation book cs1">——— (1973). "Artificial Intelligence – a Preface and a Theory". In <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Negroponte" title="Nicholas Negroponte">Negroponte, N.</a> (ed.). Machine Intelligence in Design. MIT Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Artificial+Intelligence+%E2%80%93+a+Preface+and+a+Theory&rft.btitle=Machine+Intelligence+in+Design&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975" class="citation book cs1">——— (1975). "Various contributions". The Cybernetics of Cybernetics. <a href="/wiki/Biological_Computer_Laboratory" title="Biological Computer Laboratory">Biological Computing Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Various+contributions&rft.btitle=The+Cybernetics+of+Cybernetics&rft.pub=Biological+Computing+Laboratory%2C+University+of+Illinois&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975" class="citation book cs1">——— (1975). "Abridged form of Conversation, Cognition and Learning". Applications in Education and Epistemology. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">Institution of Engineering and Technology</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abridged+form+of+Conversation%2C+Cognition+and+Learning&rft.btitle=Applications+in+Education+and+Epistemology&rft.pub=Institution+of+Engineering+and+Technology&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975" class="citation book cs1">——— (1975). "Regulation of General Evolving Systems: Symbols, Needs and Hunger in a Formal Ecology". In Booth, D.A. (ed.). Hunger Models: Quantitative Theory of Feeding Control. London and New York: <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. pp. 434–449.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+General+Evolving+Systems%3A+Symbols%2C+Needs+and+Hunger+in+a+Formal+Ecology&rft.btitle=Hunger+Models%3A+Quantitative+Theory+of+Feeding+Control&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=434-449&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation book cs1">——— (1976). "Cybernetics in Psychology and Education". In Trappl, R (ed.). Cybernetics, A Source Book. Washington: <a href="/wiki/Hemisphere_Publishing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisphere Publishing Corporation">Hemisphere Publishing Corp</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cybernetics+in+Psychology+and+Education&rft.btitle=Cybernetics%2C+A+Source+Book&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=Hemisphere+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1979" class="citation book cs1">——— (1979). "A Conversation Theoretic Approach to Social Systems". In Geyer, F; van der Zouwen, J (eds.). Sociocybernetics, an Actor Oriented Social Systems Theory. Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus Nijhoff Publishers">Martinus Nijhof</a>, Social Systems Section. pp. 15–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+Theoretic+Approach+to+Social+Systems&rft.btitle=Sociocybernetics%2C+an+Actor+Oriented+Social+Systems+Theory&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=15-26&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhof%2C+Social+Systems+Section&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1980" class="citation book cs1">——— (1980). "Introductory Comments". In Pichler, F; de Hanika, F.P. (eds.). Progress in Cybernetics and General System Research. <a href="/wiki/Hemisphere_Publishing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisphere Publishing Corporation">Hemisphere Publishing Corp</a>. pp. 279–280.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introductory+Comments&rft.btitle=Progress+in+Cybernetics+and+General+System+Research&rft.pages=279-280&rft.pub=Hemisphere+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1980" class="citation book cs1">——— (1980). "Consciousness". In Pichler, F; de Hanika, F.P. (eds.). Progress in Cybernetics and General System Research. <a href="/wiki/Hemisphere_Publishing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisphere Publishing Corporation">Hemisphere Publishing Corp</a>. pp. 343–368.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consciousness&rft.btitle=Progress+in+Cybernetics+and+General+System+Research&rft.pages=343-368&rft.pub=Hemisphere+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conference_Proceedings">Conference Proceedings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Conference Proceedings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1958" class="citation conference cs1">Pask, Gordon (1958). Teaching Machines. Proc.2nd Congress Intnl Assoc of Cybernetics. Namur: Gauthier Villars (published 1960). pp. 961–968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Teaching+Machines&rft.place=Namur&rft.pages=961-968&rft.pub=Gauthier+Villars&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1958" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1958). The Growth Process in the Cybernetic Machine. Proc. 2nd Congress, Intnl Assoc of Cybernetics. Namur: Gauthier Villars (published 1960). pp. 765–794.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Growth+Process+in+the+Cybernetic+Machine&rft.place=Namur&rft.pages=765-794&rft.pub=Gauthier+Villars&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1958" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1958). Uttley, A (ed.). Physical Analogues to the Growth of a Concept. Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/National_Physic_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="National Physic Laboratory">National Physics Laboratory</a>, London: <a href="/wiki/H.M.S.O." class="mw-redirect" title="H.M.S.O.">H.M.S.O</a> (published 1959). pp. 877–922.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Physical+Analogues+to+the+Growth+of+a+Concept&rft.place=National+Physics+Laboratory%2C+London&rft.pages=877-922&rft.pub=H.M.S.O&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1961" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1961). Adaptive Systems and their Possible Applications in Medicine. Proc. 1st Congress Medical Cybernetics. Naples.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Adaptive+Systems+and+their+Possible+Applications+in+Medicine&rft.place=Naples&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1961" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1961). The Cybernetics of Evolutionary Processes and of Self Organising Systems. Proc. 3rd Congress Intnl Assoc of Cybernetics. 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Proc 5th Conf Intnl Assoc of Cybernetics. <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>: Gauthier-Villars (published 1969). pp. 256–260.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Some+Advances+in+Adaptively+Controlled+Teaching+Systems&rft.place=Namur&rft.pages=256-260&rft.pub=Gauthier-Villars&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1967" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1967). Adaptive Metasystems. Proc. 5th Intnl Con on Cybernetics. <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>: Gauthier-Villars (published 1969).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Adaptive+Metasystems&rft.place=Namur&rft.pub=Gauthier-Villars&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1970). Annett, J; Duke, J (eds.). Computer Assisted Learning and Teaching. Proceedings of the Leeds Seminar on Computer Based Learning. <a href="/wiki/NCET" class="mw-redirect" title="NCET">NCET</a>. pp. 50–63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Computer+Assisted+Learning+and+Teaching&rft.pages=50-63&rft.pub=NCET&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1970). Sheepmaker, R (ed.). Fundamental Aspects of Educational Technology, illustrated by the Principles of Conversational Systems. Proceeding <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">IFIP</a> World Conference on Computer Education. Vol. 1. Amsterdam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Aspects+of+Educational+Technology%2C+illustrated+by+the+Principles+of+Conversational+Systems&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1966" class="citation conference cs1">——— (July 1966). Lectures on the Philosophy of Cybernetics. Summer School Adaptive and Lernende Systems in Biologie and Technick at the University of Berlin. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Lectures+on+the+Philosophy+of+Cybernetics&rft.place=University+of+Berlin&rft.date=1966-07&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation conference cs1">——— (July 1970). Essay on the Ethics and Aesthetics of Control. Wenner-Gren Symposium on the Moral and Aesthetic Structure of Human Adaptation. Burg Wartenstein.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Essay+on+the+Ethics+and+Aesthetics+of+Control&rft.place=Burg+Wartenstein&rft.date=1970-07&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1966" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1966). von Foerster, H (ed.). Models for Social Systems and Their Languages. Wenner-Gren Symposium. Vol. 1. Instructional Science (published 1973). pp. 39–50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Models+for+Social+Systems+and+Their+Languages&rft.pages=39-50&rft.pub=Instructional+Science&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1968" class="citation conference cs1">——— (May 1968). "Education 2000". In Lewis, B.N.; Pyne, R.W. (eds.). New Directions in Educational Technology. East Burnham Conference on Educational Technology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Education+2000&rft.btitle=New+Directions+in+Educational+Technology&rft.date=1968-05&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1973). Tobinson, H.W.; Knight, D.E. (eds.). Learning Strategies, Memory and Mind, in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium of the American Society of Cybernetics. New York: Spartan Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Learning+Strategies%2C+Memory+and+Mind%2C+in+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Spartan+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation conference cs1">——— (August 1973). How People Learn and What People Know. Proceedings <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Conference on Cybernetic Modelling of Adaptive Organisations. <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=How+People+Learn+and+What+People+Know&rft.place=Porto%2C+Portugal&rft.date=1973-08&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation conference cs1">——— (September 1973). Richmond, K (ed.). The Nature and Nurture of Learning in a Social Educational System. Proceedings Agnelli Foundation International Symposium on Lifelong Learning in an Age of Technology: Prospects and Problems. <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Nature+and+Nurture+of+Learning+in+a+Social+Educational+System&rft.place=Turin&rft.date=1973-09&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1972" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1972). Hanika, F. de P.; Trappl, R. (eds.). A Cybernetic Theory of Cognition and Learning. Symposium in 1st European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research. Vol. 5. <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>: <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Cybernetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Cybernetics">Journal of Cybernetics</a> (published 1975). pp. 1–80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=A+Cybernetic+Theory+of+Cognition+and+Learning&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pages=1-80&rft.pub=Journal+of+Cybernetics&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1975). Scandura; Duram; Wolfech (eds.). An Outline of Conversational Domains and their Structure. Proceedings from 5th Annual Interdisciplinary Conference. MERGE ONR. pp. 231–251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=An+Outline+of+Conversational+Domains+and+their+Structure&rft.pages=231-251&rft.pub=MERGE+ONR&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975" class="citation conference cs1">——— (January 1975). Learning to Live in the Future, Presidential Address to the Society for General Systems Research. New York: Society for General Systems Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Learning+to+Live+in+the+Future%2C+Presidential+Address+to+the+Society+for+General+Systems+Research&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Society+for+General+Systems+Research&rft.date=1975-01&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Reprinted in Policy Analysis and System Science, 1977.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1977" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1977). Trappl, R (ed.). Minds and Media in Education and Entertainment: Some Theoretical Comments Illustrated by the Design and Operation of a System for Exteriorising and Manipulating Individual Theses. Proceedings of the 3rd European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research. <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Minds+and+Media+in+Education+and+Entertainment%3A+Some+Theoretical+Comments+Illustrated+by+the+Design+and+Operation+of+a+System+for+Exteriorising+and+Manipulating+Individual+Theses&rft.place=Vienna&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1977" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1977). Revisions in the Foundation of Cybernetics and General System Theory as a Result of Research in Education, Epistemology and Innovation (Mostly in Man Machine Systems). Proceedings 8th Intl Con in Cybernetics. <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, Belgium.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Revisions+in+the+Foundation+of+Cybernetics+and+General+System+Theory+as+a+Result+of+Research+in+Education%2C+Epistemology+and+Innovation+%28Mostly+in+Man+Machine+Systems%29&rft.place=Namur%2C+Belgium&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1976). Learning Systems – Student Management. Proceedings Learning Management Based on Formal Models of Behaviour and Aptitudes in CAI. UCODI Summer School, <a href="/wiki/Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvain">Louvain</a>, Belgium.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Learning+Systems+%E2%80%93+Student+Management&rft.place=UCODI+Summer+School%2C+Louvain%2C+Belgium&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1976). Position Paper. Conference Meeting on Mind Body Dualism. <a href="/wiki/Co-Evolution_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Evolution Quarterly">Co-evolution Quarterly</a>. San Francisco – via <a href="/wiki/Point_Foundation_(environment)" title="Point Foundation (environment)">Point Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Co-evolution+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Position+Paper&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Event chaired by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1977" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1977). Knowledge, Innovation and "Learning to Learn". Proceedings of NATO-ASI Structural/Process Theories of Complex Human Behaviour. <a href="/wiki/Banff_Springs_Hotel" title="Banff Springs Hotel">Banff Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>: <a href="/wiki/Noordhoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Noordhoff">Noordhoff</a>. pp. 259–350.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Knowledge%2C+Innovation+and+%22Learning+to+Learn%22&rft.place=Banff+Springs%2C+Canada&rft.pages=259-350&rft.pub=Noordhoff&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1977" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1977). Organisational Closure of Potentially Conscious Systems, and Notes. Proceedings NATO Congress on Applied General Systems Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Organisational+Closure+of+Potentially+Conscious+Systems%2C+and+Notes&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Prestentations took place at Recent Developments and Trends conference in Binghampton, New York and the Realities Conference via the <a href="/wiki/Est_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Est Foundation">EST Foundation</a> at San Francisco. Reprinted in Autopoiesis (1981), Zelany, M., (Ed.) New York, North Holland Elsevier, 1981, 265-307.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1976). "Various contributions". In Pask, Gordon; Trappl, R (eds.). Cognition and Learning. Proceedings 6th European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research. <a href="/wiki/Hemisphere_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisphere Publishing">Hemisphere</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Various+contributions&rft.btitle=Cognition+and+Learning&rft.pub=Hemisphere&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975–1977" class="citation conference cs1">———, ed. (1975–1977). Decision Making in Complex Systems. ARI conference, Richmond. Vol. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>: ARI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Decision+Making+in+Complex+Systems&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=ARI&rft.date=1975%2F1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1978" class="citation conference cs1">——— (March 1978). Consciousness. Proceedings, 4th European Meeting on Cybernetics and System Research. <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Consciousness&rft.place=Linz%2C+Austria&rft.date=1978-03&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> In Journal of Cybernetics, Hemisphere, Washington, 211-258, published in 1978.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1978" class="citation conference cs1">——— (April 1978). A Cybernetic and Conversation Theoretic Approach to Conscious Events in Learning and Innovation. Proceedings 23rd Annual Conference of JUREMA. <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=A+Cybernetic+and+Conversation+Theoretic+Approach+to+Conscious+Events+in+Learning+and+Innovation&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.date=1978-04&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1978" class="citation conference cs1">——— (August 1978). Observable Components of the Decision Process and a Revised Theoretical Position. Proceedings 3rd Richmond Conference on Decision Making in Complex Systems. Washington: AREI 80-11 (published 1978).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Observable+Components+of+the+Decision+Process+and+a+Revised+Theoretical+Position&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=AREI+80-11&rft.date=1978-08&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1978" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1978). The Poverty of Mainstream Science and the Indolence of Cybernetics. President’s Address in Proceedings Cybernetic Society Conference. Brunel University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Poverty+of+Mainstream+Science+and+the+Indolence+of+Cybernetics&rft.place=Brunel+University&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1979" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1979). van Trotsenberg, E.A. (ed.). Learning to Learn. European Association for Research and Development in Higher Education, Third Congress in Klagenfurt, Special Seminar S3 in Higher Education, A Field Study. Vol. 1. Lang, <a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt_am_W%C3%B6rthersee" title="Klagenfurt am Wörthersee">Klagenfurt</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Learning+to+Learn&rft.place=Lang%2C+Klagenfurt&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> (with Entwistle, N.J. and Hounsell, D.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1979" class="citation conference cs1">——— (August 1979). Against Conferences: The Poverty of Reduction in Sop-Science and Pop-Systems. Proceedings of Silver Anniversary International Meeting of Society for General Systems Research. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences" title="International Society for the Systems Sciences">SGSR</a> (published 1979). pp. xiii–xxv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Against+Conferences%3A+The+Poverty+of+Reduction+in+Sop-Science+and+Pop-Systems&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xiii-xxv&rft.pub=SGSR&rft.date=1979-08&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1979" class="citation conference cs1">——— (August 1979). An Essay on the Kinetics of Language, Behaviour and Thought. Proceedings of Silver Anniversary Intl Meeting of Society for General Systems Research. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences" title="International Society for the Systems Sciences">SGSR</a>. pp. 111–126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=An+Essay+on+the+Kinetics+of+Language%2C+Behaviour+and+Thought&rft.place=London&rft.pages=111-126&rft.pub=SGSR&rft.date=1979-08&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1979" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1979). An Essay on the Kinetics of Language as illustrated by a Protologic Lp. Proceedings workshop on Fuzzy Formal Semiotic and Cognitive Processes, 2nd Congress of the International Assoc for Semiotic Studies. <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=An+Essay+on+the+Kinetics+of+Language+as+illustrated+by+a+Protologic+Lp&rft.place=Vienna&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Reprinted in Ars Semiotica III, 93-127, Amsterdam, John Benjamin, 1980.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1980" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1980). Lavington, S (ed.). The Limits of Togetherness. Proceedings in Information Processing. <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>: <a href="/wiki/North_Holland_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="North Holland Publishing Company">North Holland Publishing Co</a>. pp. 999–1012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Limits+of+Togetherness&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=999-1012&rft.pub=North+Holland+Publishing+Co&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Invited Address to IFIP World Congress in Tokyo and Melbourne.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1980" class="citation conference cs1">——— (April 1980). Trappl, R (ed.). Concepts, Coherence and Language. Proceedings 5th European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research. <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>: ARI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Concepts%2C+Coherence+and+Language&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=ARI&rft.date=1980-04&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Vol XI, Progress in Cybernetics and Systems Research, 1982, 421-432, <a href="/wiki/Hemisphere_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisphere Publishing">Hemisphere</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Son">John Wiley</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskRobinson1983" class="citation conference cs1">———; Robinson, M, eds. (1983). Proceedings. Fourth Richmond Conference on Decision Making in Complex Systems. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>: ARI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Proceedings&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=ARI&rft.date=1983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1980" class="citation conference cs1">——— (1980). <a href="/wiki/Robert_Trappl" title="Robert Trappl">Trappl</a>, R; Riccardi, C; Pask, G (eds.). Some Generalisations of Conversation Theory and Proto-language Lp. Proceedings 5th European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Theory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Some+Generalisations+of+Conversation+Theory+and+Proto-language+Lp&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Progress in Cybernetics and Systems Research, 1982, 407-420, <a href="/wiki/Hemisphere_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisphere Publishing">Hemisphere</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Son">John Wiley</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_Articles">Journal Articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Journal Articles">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1957" class="citation journal cs1">Pask, Gordon (April 1957). "Automatic Teaching Techniques". British Communications and Electronics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Communications+and+Electronics&rft.atitle=Automatic+Teaching+Techniques&rft.date=1957-04&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1957" class="citation journal cs1">——— (April 1957). "A Teaching Machine for Radar Training". Automation Progress: 214–217.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Automation+Progress&rft.atitle=A+Teaching+Machine+for+Radar+Training&rft.pages=214-217&rft.date=1957-04&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1958" class="citation journal cs1">——— (July 1958). "Electronic Keyboard Teaching Machines". Journal of the National Association for Education and Commerce.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Association+for+Education+and+Commerce&rft.atitle=Electronic+Keyboard+Teaching+Machines&rft.date=1958-07&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1958" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1958). "Organic Control and the Cybernetic Method". Cybernetica. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cybernetica&rft.atitle=Organic+Control+and+the+Cybernetic+Method&rft.volume=3&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1959" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1959). "Artificial Organisms". <a href="/wiki/General_Systems_Yearbook" class="mw-redirect" title="General Systems Yearbook">General Systems Yearbook</a>. 4: 151–170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+Systems+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Artificial+Organisms&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=151-170&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1959" class="citation journal cs1">——— (February 1959). "Control Systems that Learn from Experience". Automation Progress: 43–57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Automation+Progress&rft.atitle=Control+Systems+that+Learn+from+Experience&rft.pages=43-57&rft.date=1959-02&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskvon_Foerster1960" class="citation journal cs1">———; <a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">von Foerster, H</a> (1960). "A Predictive Evolutionary Model". Cybernetica. 4: 20–55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cybernetica&rft.atitle=A+Predictive+Evolutionary+Model&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=20-55&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=von+Foerster%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1962). "An Adaptive Automaton for Teaching Small Groups". <a href="/wiki/Perceptual_and_Motor_Skills" title="Perceptual and Motor Skills">Perceptual and Motor Skills</a>. 14 (2): 183–188. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2466%2Fpms.1962.14.2.183">10.2466/pms.1962.14.2.183</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144757671">144757671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perceptual+and+Motor+Skills&rft.atitle=An+Adaptive+Automaton+for+Teaching+Small+Groups&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=183-188&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2466%2Fpms.1962.14.2.183&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144757671%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1963" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1963). "Machines that Interact with Man". <a href="/wiki/ASLIB_Proceedings" class="mw-redirect" title="ASLIB Proceedings">ASLIB Proceedings</a>. 15 (4): 104–105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2Feb049924">10.1108/eb049924</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASLIB+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Machines+that+Interact+with+Man&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=104-105&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2Feb049924&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskBailey1961" class="citation journal cs1">———; Bailey, C.E.G. (1961). "Artificial Evolutionary Systems". Automatika. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Automatika&rft.atitle=Artificial+Evolutionary+Systems&rft.volume=4&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Bailey%2C+C.E.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1964). "Adaptive Teaching Systems". Cybernetica. 2: 125–143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cybernetica&rft.atitle=Adaptive+Teaching+Systems&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=125-143&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1963" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1963). "The Use of Analogy and Parable in Cybernetics, with Emphasis upon Analogies for Learning and Creativity". Dialectica. 2–3 (2–3). <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchatel</a>, Suisse: 167–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1746-8361.1963.tb01562.x">10.1111/j.1746-8361.1963.tb01562.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialectica&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Analogy+and+Parable+in+Cybernetics%2C+with+Emphasis+upon+Analogies+for+Learning+and+Creativity&rft.volume=2-3&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=167-202&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1746-8361.1963.tb01562.x&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskB.N.1964" class="citation journal cs1">———; B.N., Lewis (1964). "The Development of Communication Skills under Adaptively Controlled Conditions". Programmed Learning. 1 (2): 59–88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Programmed+Learning&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Communication+Skills+under+Adaptively+Controlled+Conditions&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=59-88&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=B.N.%2C+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1965" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1965). "Tests for Some Features of a Cybernetic Model of Learning". Zeitschrift für Psychologie. 171.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Psychologie&rft.atitle=Tests+for+Some+Features+of+a+Cybernetic+Model+of+Learning&rft.volume=171&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskFeldman1966" class="citation journal cs1">———; Feldman, R (1966). "Tests for a Simple Learning and Perceiving Artefact". Cybernetica. 2: 75–90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cybernetica&rft.atitle=Tests+for+a+Simple+Learning+and+Perceiving+Artefact&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=75-90&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Feldman%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1965" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1965). "Man/machine interaction in Adaptively Controlled Experimental Conditions". The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics. 27 (Suppl): 261–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02477282">10.1007/BF02477282</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5884136">5884136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bulletin+of+Mathematical+Biophysics&rft.atitle=Man%2Fmachine+interaction+in+Adaptively+Controlled+Experimental+Conditions&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=Suppl&rft.pages=261-73&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02477282&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5884136&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1966" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1966). "A Brief Account of Work on Adaptively Controlled Teaching Systems". Kybernetika. 4. Academia Praha: 287–299.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kybernetika&rft.atitle=A+Brief+Account+of+Work+on+Adaptively+Controlled+Teaching+Systems&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=287-299&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1966" class="citation journal cs1">——— (June 1966). "Le Intelligenze Artificiali". 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"Some Properties of Transmission Lines Composed of Random Networks". <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Biosciences" title="Mathematical Biosciences">Mathematical Biosciences</a>. 22: 155–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0025-5564%2874%2990089-3">10.1016/0025-5564(74)90089-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+Biosciences&rft.atitle=Some+Properties+of+Transmission+Lines+Composed+of+Random+Networks&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=155-178&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0025-5564%2874%2990089-3&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Shimura%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskShimura1974" class="citation journal cs1">———; Shimura, M (1974). "Some Properties of Transmission Lines Composed of Random Networks". <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Biosciences" title="Mathematical Biosciences">Mathematical Biosciences</a>. 22: 155–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0025-5564%2874%2990089-3">10.1016/0025-5564(74)90089-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+Biosciences&rft.atitle=Some+Properties+of+Transmission+Lines+Composed+of+Random+Networks&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=155-178&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0025-5564%2874%2990089-3&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Shimura%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskKallikourdisScott1975" class="citation journal cs1">———; Kallikourdis, D; Scott, B.C.E. (1975). "The Representation of Knowables". International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 17: 15–134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0020-7373%2875%2980003-4">10.1016/S0020-7373(75)80003-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Man-Machine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Representation+of+Knowables&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=15-134&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0020-7373%2875%2980003-4&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Kallikourdis%2C+D&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1976). "Conversational Techniques in the Study and Practice of Education". <a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Educational_Psychology" title="British Journal of Educational Psychology">British Journal of Educational Psychology</a>. 46 (1): 12–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2044-8279.1976.tb02981.x">10.1111/j.2044-8279.1976.tb02981.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Educational+Psychology&rft.atitle=Conversational+Techniques+in+the+Study+and+Practice+of+Education&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=12-25&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2044-8279.1976.tb02981.x&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1976). "Styles and Strategies of Learning". <a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Educational_Psychology" title="British Journal of Educational Psychology">British Journal of Educational Psychology</a>. 46 (2): 128–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2044-8279.1976.tb02305.x">10.1111/j.2044-8279.1976.tb02305.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Educational+Psychology&rft.atitle=Styles+and+Strategies+of+Learning&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=128-148&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2044-8279.1976.tb02305.x&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1977" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1977). "Commentary on Scandura J.M., Problem Solving". J. Of Structural Learning. 6 (published 1980): 335–346.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Of+Structural+Learning&rft.atitle=Commentary+on+Scandura+J.M.%2C+Problem+Solving&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=335-346&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1980" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1980). "Developments in Conversation Theory – Part 1". Int J. Man Machine Studies. 13 (4): 357–411. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0020-7373%2880%2980002-2">10.1016/S0020-7373(80)80002-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Int+J.+Man+Machine+Studies&rft.atitle=Developments+in+Conversation+Theory+%E2%80%93+Part+1&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=357-411&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0020-7373%2880%2980002-2&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1996" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1996). "Heinz von Foerster's Self-Organisation, the Progenitor of Conversation and Interaction Theories". Systems Research. 13 (3): 349–362. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1735%28199609%2913%3A3%3C349%3A%3AAID-SRES103%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G">10.1002/(SICI)1099-1735(199609)13:3<349::AID-SRES103>3.0.CO;2-G</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systems+Research&rft.atitle=Heinz+von+Foerster%27s+Self-Organisation%2C+the+Progenitor+of+Conversation+and+Interaction+Theories&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=349-362&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1735%28199609%2913%3A3%3C349%3A%3AAID-SRES103%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pask, Gordon (1962). "Teaching Machines". USSR Encyclopaedia on Automata Production and Industrial Electronics. Moscow.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Teaching+Machines&rft.btitle=USSR+Encyclopaedia+on+Automata+Production+and+Industrial+Electronics&rft.place=Moscow&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation thesis cs1">——— (1964). An Investigation of Learning under Normal and Adaptively Controlled Conditions (PhD). London University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=An+Investigation+of+Learning+under+Normal+and+Adaptively+Controlled+Conditions&rft.inst=London+University&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1968" class="citation book cs1">——— (1968). Colloquy of mobiles. London: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts" title="Institute of Contemporary Arts">Institute of Contemporary Arts</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colloquy+of+mobiles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Institute+of+Contemporary+Arts&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1968" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">——— (1968). "Cybernetics". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 6. p. 963b.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cybernetics&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.pages=963b&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1969" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">——— (1969). "Psychology, Use of Models (Learning)". Encyclopaedia of Linguistics, Information and Control. Pergamon Press. pp. 101–127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Psychology%2C+Use+of+Models+%28Learning%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Linguistics%2C+Information+and+Control&rft.pages=101-127&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation report cs1">——— (1976). Miscellaneous contributions to Microfiche BCL publications (Report). Champaign/Urbana: <a href="/wiki/Biological_Computer_Laboratory" title="Biological Computer Laboratory">Biological Computer Laboratory</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+contributions+to+Microfiche+BCL+publications&rft.place=Champaign%2FUrbana&rft.pub=Biological+Computer+Laboratory&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Includes Cybernetics of Cybernetics, available in reduced paperback form from Intersciences Publications, Seaside, California.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1978" class="citation report cs1">——— (1978). The Importance of Being Magic, Special Edition, Forum, in honour of Dr <a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">Heinz von Foerster</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Cybernetics" title="American Society for Cybernetics">American Society for Cybernetics</a> (published 1980).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Importance+of+Being+Magic%2C+Special+Edition%2C+Forum%2C+in+honour+of+Dr+Heinz+von+Foerster&rft.pub=American+Society+for+Cybernetics&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1993b" class="citation book cs1">——— (1993b). Interactions of Actors, Theory and Some Applications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interactions+of+Actors%2C+Theory+and+Some+Applications&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskn.d." class="citation book cs1">——— (n.d.). Saturnalia, book and pictures and lyrics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saturnalia%2C+book+and+pictures+and+lyrics&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2984017">USA Expired US2984017A</a>, Andrew Gordon Speedie Pask, "Apparatus for assisting an operator in performing a skill", published 1961-05-16, issued 1961-05-16<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=US2984017A&rft.cc=USA&rft.title=Apparatus+for+assisting+an+operator+in+performing+a+skill&rft.inventor=Andrew+Gordon+Speedie+Pask&rft.date=1961-05-16&rft.appldate=1957-08-30&rft.pubdate=1961-05-16"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periodicals">Periodicals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Periodicals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskWiseman1959" class="citation magazine cs1">Pask, Gordon; Wiseman, D (November 1959). "Teaching Machines". The Overseas Engineer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Overseas+Engineer&rft.atitle=Teaching+Machines&rft.date=1959-11&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Wiseman%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskWiseman1959" class="citation magazine cs1">———; Wiseman, D (November 1959). "Electronic Teaching Machines". <a href="/wiki/Control_Engineering_(magazine)" title="Control Engineering (magazine)">Control Engineering</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Control+Engineering&rft.atitle=Electronic+Teaching+Machines&rft.date=1959-11&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Wiseman%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1961" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (June 1961). "Machines that Teach". <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Machines+that+Teach&rft.date=1961-06&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1961" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (November 1961). "Cybernetics Becomes a Well Defined Science". Control.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Control&rft.atitle=Cybernetics+Becomes+a+Well+Defined+Science&rft.date=1961-11&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (1962). "Machines à Enseigner". Cegos. Paris.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cegos&rft.atitle=Machines+%C3%A0+Enseigner&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1963" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (1963). "Comments on Semantic Machines". Artorga. No. 49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artorga&rft.atitle=Comments+on+Semantic+Machines&rft.issue=49&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (March 1964). "Viewpoint". Control.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Control&rft.atitle=Viewpoint&rft.date=1964-03&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (February 1964). "Thresholds of Learning and Control". Data and Control.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Data+and+Control&rft.atitle=Thresholds+of+Learning+and+Control&rft.date=1964-02&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1965" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (February 1965). "Advertising as a Symbolic Game". Advertising Quarterly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advertising+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Advertising+as+a+Symbolic+Game&rft.date=1965-02&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1965" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (April 1965). "Teaching as a Control-Engineering Process". Control.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Control&rft.atitle=Teaching+as+a+Control-Engineering+Process&rft.date=1965-04&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (1976). F. Kopstein (ed.). "Teaching Machines Revisited in the Light of Conversation Theory". Educational Technology Magazine. pp. 30–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Educational+Technology+Magazine&rft.atitle=Teaching+Machines+Revisited+in+the+Light+of+Conversation+Theory&rft.pages=30-44&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (1976). <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Negroponte" title="Nicholas Negroponte">N. Negroponte</a> (ed.). "Comments and Suggestions". Architecture Machinations. Vol. II, no. 33. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. pp. 2–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architecture+Machinations&rft.atitle=Comments+and+Suggestions&rft.volume=II&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=2-12&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (November 1976). "Ongoing Research at System Research Ltd". International Cybernetics Newsletter. No. 7–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Cybernetics+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Ongoing+Research+at+System+Research+Ltd&rft.issue=7%E2%80%939&rft.date=1976-11&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1978" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (Autumn 1978). "Chairman's report: Symposium on Cybernetics of Cognition and Learning, EMSCR 78". International Cybernetics Newsletter, <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Cybernetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Cybernetics">Journal of Cybernetics</a>. No. 9. <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hemisphere_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisphere Publishing">Hemisphere Publishing</a>. pp. 4–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Cybernetics+Newsletter%2C+Journal+of+Cybernetics&rft.atitle=Chairman%27s+report%3A+Symposium+on+Cybernetics+of+Cognition+and+Learning%2C+EMSCR+78&rft.ssn=fall&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=4-5&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reports_and_Technical_Reports">Reports and Technical Reports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Reports and Technical Reports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1959" class="citation report cs1">Pask, Gordon (December 1959). "The Self Organising Teacher". Automated Teaching Bulletin (Report). Vol. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Rheem_Manufacturing_Company" title="Rheem Manufacturing Company">The Rheem-Califone Corp</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Automated+Teaching+Bulletin&rft.pub=The+Rheem-Califone+Corp&rft.date=1959-12&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1959–1960" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1959–1960). Technical Reports (Miscellaneous) on Self Organising Systems (Technical report). University of Illinois.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Technical+Reports+%28Miscellaneous%29+on+Self+Organising+Systems&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois&rft.date=1959%2F1960&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1962). "Comments on an Indeterminacy that Characterises a Self-organising System". In Caianello, E.R. (ed.). Cybernetics of Neural Processes: Course Held at the International School of Physics (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/Consiglio_Nazionale_delle_Ricerche" class="mw-redirect" title="Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche">Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche</a> (published 1965). pp. 1–30 – via <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> at the Istituto Di Fisica Teorica, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Napoli_Federico_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Università di Napoli Federico II">Università Di Napoli</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Cybernetics+of+Neural+Processes%3A+Course+Held+at+the+International+School+of+Physics&rft.pages=1-30&rft.pub=Consiglio+Nazionale+delle+Richerche&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1962" class="citation report cs1">——— (1962). A Model for Learning Applicable within Systems Stabilised by an Adaptive Teaching Machine (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=A+Model+for+Learning+Applicable+within+Systems+Stabilised+by+an+Adaptive+Teaching+Machine&rft.pub=USAF&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1964" class="citation report cs1">——— (1964). Proposals for a Cybernetic Theatre (Report). System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Proposals+for+a+Cybernetic+Theatre&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskLewis1961–1965" class="citation report cs1">———; Lewis, B.N. (1961–1965). "Research on the Design of Adaptive Teaching Systems with a Capability for Selecting and Altering Criteria for Adaptation". Miscellaneous Reports under <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> Contract No AF61(052)-402 (Report). <a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">ASTIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+Reports+under+USAF+Contract+No+AF61%28052%29-402&rft.pub=ASTIA&rft.date=1961%2F1965&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Lewis%2C+B.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskLewis1962–1965" class="citation report cs1">———; Lewis, B.N. (1962–1965). "Research on Cybernetic Investigation of Learning and Perception". Miscellaneous Reports under <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> Contract No AF61(052)-640 (Report). <a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">ASTIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+Reports+under+USAF+Contract+No+AF61%28052%29-640&rft.pub=ASTIA&rft.date=1962%2F1965&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Lewis%2C+B.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskLewis1963–1965" class="citation report cs1">———; Lewis, B.N. (1963–1965). "A Study of Group Decision Making and Communication Patterns under Conditions of Stress and Overload when the Participants are Permitted to Function as Self-Organising Systems". Miscellaneous Reports on <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a> Contracts DA-91-591-EUC-2753 and DA-91-591-3607 (Report). <a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">ASTIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+Reports+on+US+Army+Contracts+DA-91-591-EUC-2753+and+DA-91-591-3607&rft.pub=ASTIA&rft.date=1963%2F1965&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Lewis%2C+B.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1967" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1967). Adaptive Teaching Systems (Technical report). Univ. of Leeds: <a href="/wiki/British_association_for_the_advancement_of_science" class="mw-redirect" title="British association for the advancement of science">British Association for the Advancement of Science</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Adaptive+Teaching+Systems&rft.place=Univ.+of+Leeds&rft.pub=British+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1967" class="citation report cs1">——— (June 1967). Allebe, A (ed.). Some Difficulties Encountered in Psychological Experiments on Learning. BP Review (Report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Some+Difficulties+Encountered+in+Psychological+Experiments+on+Learning&rft.date=1967-06&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation report cs1">——— (1970). Cybernetics and Education (Report). Paper at Academic Session, delivered to H.M. <a href="/wiki/Baudouin_of_Belgium" title="Baudouin of Belgium">King Baudoin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: Intnl Assoc of Cybernetics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Cybernetics+and+Education&rft.place=Paper+at+Academic+Session%2C+delivered+to+H.M.+King+Baudoin+of+Belgium&rft.pub=Intnl+Assoc+of+Cybernetics&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (October 1970). SCRIPTS – Organisation and Instruction of Office Skills Involving Communication Data Retrieval and Data Recognition (Technical report). Department of Employment.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=SCRIPTS+%E2%80%93+Organisation+and+Instruction+of+Office+Skills+Involving+Communication+Data+Retrieval+and+Data+Recognition&rft.pub=Department+of+Employment&rft.date=1970-10&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1971" class="citation report cs1">——— (June 1971). Domestic Consumer Response Prediction. Report on Phase B of the Project for the North Thames Gas Board (Report). System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Domestic+Consumer+Response+Prediction.+Report+on+Phase+B+of+the+Project+for+the+North+Thames+Gas+Board&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd.&rft.date=1971-06&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskScott1970" class="citation techreport cs1">———; Scott, B.C.E. (December 1970). Learning Strategies and Individual Competence (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/British_national_library" class="mw-redirect" title="British national library">National Library</a>, Harrogate, UK: <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Learning+Strategies+and+Individual+Competence&rft.place=National+Library%2C+Harrogate%2C+UK&rft.pub=SSRC&rft.date=1970-12&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskScott1970" class="citation techreport cs1">———; Scott, B.C.E. (December 1970). CASTE Manual (Technical report). Vol. I–V. <a href="/wiki/British_national_library" class="mw-redirect" title="British national library">National Library</a>, Harrogate, UK: System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=CASTE+Manual&rft.place=National+Library%2C+Harrogate%2C+UK&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd.&rft.date=1970-12&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskScott1972" class="citation techreport cs1">———; Scott, B.C.E. (January 1972). Uncertainty Regulation in Learning Applied to Procedures for Teaching Concepts of Probability (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/British_national_library" class="mw-redirect" title="British national library">National Library</a>, Harrogate, UK: System Research Ltd. – via Final Scientific Report SSRC Research Grant HR 12031.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Uncertainty+Regulation+in+Learning+Applied+to+Procedures+for+Teaching+Concepts+of+Probability&rft.place=National+Library%2C+Harrogate%2C+UK&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd.&rft.date=1972-01&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1970" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (June 1970). Driving Strategies for Learner Drivers (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/Road_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Road Research Laboratory">Road Research Laboratory</a> – via Final Scientific Report SSRC Research Grant HR 12031.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Driving+Strategies+for+Learner+Drivers&rft.pub=Road+Research+Laboratory&rft.date=1970-06&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskBrieske1971" class="citation techreport cs1">———; Brieske, G (March 1971). Description of the Driver Communication Training Module (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/Road_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Road Research Laboratory">Road Research Laboratory</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Description+of+the+Driver+Communication+Training+Module&rft.pub=Road+Research+Laboratory&rft.date=1971-03&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Brieske%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskScott1973" class="citation techreport cs1">———; Scott, B.C.E. (June 1973). Educational Methods using Information about Individual Styles and Strategies of Learning (Technical report). System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Educational+Methods+using+Information+about+Individual+Styles+and+Strategies+of+Learning&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd.&rft.date=1973-06&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Final Scientific Report <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a> Grant No HR 1424/1.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskScottKallikourdis1974" class="citation techreport cs1">———; Scott, B.C.E.; Kallikourdis, D (1974). Entailment and Task Structures for Educational Subject Matter (Technical report). System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Entailment+and+Task+Structures+for+Educational+Subject+Matter&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd.&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rft.au=Kallikourdis%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Final Scientific Report <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a> Grant No HR 1876/1.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation report cs1">——— (September 1973). Joint Report on SSRC Projects HR 1876/1 and HR 1424/1 (Report). System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Joint+Report+on+SSRC+Projects+HR+1876%2F1+and+HR+1424%2F1&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd.&rft.date=1973-09&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (May 1973). An Invention Relying upon the Value of "Invention", Intnl Symposium on the History and Philosophy of Technology (Technical report). Univ. of Illinois at Chicago Circle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=An+Invention+Relying+upon+the+Value+of+%22Invention%22%2C+Intnl+Symposium+on+the+History+and+Philosophy+of+Technology&rft.place=Univ.+of+Illinois+at+Chicago+Circle&rft.date=1973-05&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> In School of Information Science Reports, Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1973" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1973). Partial Analysis of A Course in Education (Technical report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Partial+Analysis+of+A+Course+in+Education&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Open University Monograph.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975" class="citation techreport cs1">———, ed. (1975). Summary Report of Conference on Scientific Approaches to Decision Making in Complex Systems (Technical report). Washington: ARI (published 1976).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Summary+Report+of+Conference+on+Scientific+Approaches+to+Decision+Making+in+Complex+Systems&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=ARI&rft.date=1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Convened by the European Research Office, London and the US Army Research Institute for the Behavioural and Social Sciences.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1975). Applications and Developments of a Theory of Teaching and Learning, Final Report (Technical report). Vol. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a> (published 1976).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Applications+and+Developments+of+a+Theory+of+Teaching+and+Learning%2C+Final+Report&rft.pub=SSRC&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Contract number: SSRC HR 2371/1</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskMalik1976" class="citation techreport cs1">———; Malik, R (1976). Course Assembly Manual (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Course+Assembly+Manual&rft.pub=SSRC&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Malik%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (November 1976). T O’Shea (ed.). Summary of Work at System Research Ltd (Technical report). AISB Newsletter (published 1976).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Summary+of+Work+at+System+Research+Ltd&rft.pub=AISB+Newsletter&rft.date=1976-11&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkridgeLewisMacDonald-RossPask1976" class="citation techreport cs1">Hawkridge, D; Lewis, B. N.; MacDonald-Ross, M.; Pask, G.; Scott, B.C.E. (1976). System Analysis of an Open University Course for New Methods for Evaluation and Curriculum Design (Technical report). Vol. II. IET and <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=System+Analysis+of+an+Open+University+Course+for+New+Methods+for+Evaluation+and+Curriculum+Design&rft.pub=IET+and+Ford+Foundation&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Hawkridge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Lewis%2C+B.+N.&rft.au=MacDonald-Ross%2C+M.&rft.au=Pask%2C+G.&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaskBaileyEnsorMalik1976" class="citation techreport cs1">Pask, G; Bailey, R; Ensor, E; Malik, R; Newton, R; Scott, B.C.E.; Watts, D (1976). Course Assembly (Thoughtsticker) Manual (Technical report). System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Course+Assembly+%28Thoughtsticker%29+Manual&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Bailey%2C+R&rft.au=Ensor%2C+E&rft.au=Malik%2C+R&rft.au=Newton%2C+R&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rft.au=Watts%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsorMalikPaskScott1976" class="citation techreport cs1">Ensor, D; Malik, R; Pask, G; Scott, B.C.E. (1976). "Forms III, V, VI". "Cartoons" Tests for learning "style" (Technical report). System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%22Cartoons%22+Tests+for+learning+%22style%22&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Ensor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Malik%2C+R&rft.au=Pask%2C+G&rft.au=Scott%2C+B.C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1977" class="citation techreport cs1">Pask, Gordon (1977). General Problem Solving (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">IET</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=General+Problem+Solving&rft.pub=IET&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1974–1978" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1974–1978). "Learning Styles, Educational Strategies and Representation of Knowledge, Methods and Applications". Progress Report SSRC Research Programme HR 2708/2 (Technical report). Vol. 1–4. <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Progress+Report+SSRC+Research+Programme+HR+2708%2F2&rft.pub=SSRC&rft.date=1974%2F1978&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1975–1977" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1975–1977). "The Influence of Learning Strategy and Performance Strategy upon Engineering Design". Progress Report (Technical report). Vol. 1–8. ARI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Progress+Report&rft.pub=ARI&rft.date=1975%2F1977&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Includes Scientific notes (1-5). Grant USAF F 44620.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1976–1978" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1976–1978). "Cognitive Mechanisms and Behaviours Involved in other than Institutional Learning and Using Principles of Decision". Progress Report (Technical report). Vol. 1–2. ARI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Progress+Report&rft.pub=ARI&rft.date=1976%2F1978&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> Grant ARI DAERO 76-G-069.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1978" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1978). "Summary of Some Points Emerging from a Discussion of Development in the Mexican Educational System at the Foundation Barros Sierra, the Ministry of Education and elsewhere in Mexico". Internal Memorandum to Fundacion Barros Sierra (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: System Research Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Internal+Memorandum+to+Fundacion+Barros+Sierra&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1979" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1979). Statistical Analysis of Tests for Learning Style in a Sequential Administration of these and Other Tests (Technical report). System Research Ltd – via <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Statistical+Analysis+of+Tests+for+Learning+Style+in+a+Sequential+Administration+of+these+and+Other+Tests&rft.pub=System+Research+Ltd&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1980" class="citation techreport cs1">——— (1980). Automation: Coherence in Organisations and People who Form Part of Them, Factory Automation (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/Maidenhead" title="Maidenhead">Maidenhead</a>: Infotech Int Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Automation%3A+Coherence+in+Organisations+and+People+who+Form+Part+of+Them%2C+Factory+Automation&rft.place=Maidenhead&rft.pub=Infotech+Int+Ltd&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlanville1993b">Glanville (1993b)</a> and <a href="#CITEREFScottGlanville2007">Scott & Glanville (2007)</a> contain a list of Pask's various publications and projects. For information on the Pask archives, see <a href="#CITEREFMüller2007">Müller (2007)</a> for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> archive and <a href="#CITEREFPangaro2007">Pangaro (2007)</a> for the North America archive. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering (2009)</a> notes that his brother Edgar was described by Pask as his hero and role model. Edgar was noted to have fought in World War II, and "carried out a series of life threatening experiments on himself aimed at increasing the survival rate of piolets" (p. 310). Edgar was thrown into pools unconscious to examine the properties of life jackets, thrown into the icy waters of Shetland, and so on. Pickering notes that this presented a hard act to follow for Pask, but "he did, in his own unusual way" (p. 311). </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKinnon-Wood1993">McKinnon-Wood (1993)</a> claims Pask to have been studying Psychology at the time; whereas <a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott (2007)</a> claims Pask to have been studying Physiology. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFurtado_Cardoso_Lopes2009">Furtado Cardoso Lopes (2009</a>, p. 27) notes that Pask's entrance into cybernetics dates to around this time. He had begun to accumulate early additions of the works of <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Wiener</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Shannon</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering (2009)</a> notes that Pask had fallen in love with the world of the arts through a school friend who ran a traveling cinema company in Wales (p. 313). </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeer1993">Beer (1993)</a> claims this would have been 40 years prior to the publication of his article, implying the date of their meeting would have been 1953 (p. 13). However, no exact confirmation of their first meeting is given to Beer. He also notes his "abysmal memory" (p. 14), such that the correctness of specific details in Beer's account cannot be confirmed. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCariani1993">Cariani (1993)</a> argues that the "Mechanization of Thought Processes" conference was likely the last large interdisciplinary meeting on general problems relating to artificial intelligence during the 20th century (p. 22). It contained people from direct programming (<a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">McCarthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Minsky</a>, Backus, Hopper, Bar-Hillel), neural nets (<a href="/wiki/Oliver_Selfridge" title="Oliver Selfridge">Selfridge</a>, Uttley), cybernetics (<a href="/wiki/W._Ross_Ashby" title="W. Ross Ashby">Ashby</a>, Pask), and neurophysiology (Barlow, <a href="/wiki/Warren_McCulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren McCulloch">McCulloch</a>, Whitfield). </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott (2007)</a> states the event occurred in 1959 (p. 33), while <a href="#CITEREFCariani1993">Cariani (1993)</a> states the event took place in November 1958 (p. 22). </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCulloch2016">McCulloch (2016)</a> expresses issue with the view that the organic evolution occurs through a brute force trial-and-error style process. He suggests other parameters must be at play which leads to the emergence of viable organisms: “I believe they are sought in the nature of her building blocks, [subatomic] particles, atoms, and molecules, proceeding discretely through well-regulated autocatalytic reactions to produce cells and cell aggregates, or, as in Pask's example, crystals" (p. 251). </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott (2007)</a> is of the opinion that Pask's primary emphasis in his activity was not system building or inventing. Instead, he was a thinker or theoretician who wanted to embed his theory in tangible artefacts (p. 32). </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Mallen later went on to help found the <a href="/wiki/Computer_Arts_Society" title="Computer Arts Society">Computer Arts Society</a> in 1968, alongside <a href="/wiki/Alan_Sutcliffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Sutcliffe">Alan Sutcliffe</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Lansdown" title="John Lansdown">John Lansdown</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Pask's <a href="/wiki/Interactions_of_actors_theory" title="Interactions of actors theory">interaction of actors theory</a> is noted here as being mostly incomplete, with its contents being dispersed across his later articles of this period, and an unpublished manuscript co-authored with <a href="/wiki/Gerard_de_Zeeuw" title="Gerard de Zeeuw">Gerard de Zeeuw</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarnes2001">Barnes (2001)</a>, who studied under <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a>, notes of having received an informal certificate by Pask after having requested Pask to teach him cybernetics. They saw each other for private lessons for the last two years of Pask's life, and he even received an informal certificate from Pask (p.545) </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> This looping-throughness as <a href="#CITEREFPangaro2001">Pangaro (2001)</a> puts it, is a key characteristic of Pask's theory of intelligence. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> It may be better described today as a type of <a href="/wiki/Educational_software" title="Educational software">educational software</a> or educational <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">application</a>. </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:5-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-2">c</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott 2007</a>, pp. 32) </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-11">l</a> (<a href="#CITEREFGlanvilleScott2007">Glanville & Scott 2007</a>, p. 197) </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-8">i</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPangaro1996">Pangaro 1996</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 310) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 325) </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_9-1">b</a> (<a href="#CITEREFFurtado_Cardoso_Lopes2009">Furtado Cardoso Lopes 2009</a>, p. 23) </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-2">c</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMcKinnon-Wood1993">McKinnon-Wood 1993</a>, p. 129) </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_12-1">b</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott 2007</a>, p. 31) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 313) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPask1993">Pask 1993</a>, p. 142) </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_16-2">c</a> (<a href="#CITEREFFurtado_Cardoso_Lopes2009">Furtado Cardoso Lopes 2009</a>, p. 30) </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_18-1">b</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott 2007</a>, pp. 34) </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFIFSR1994">IFSR 1994</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_20-3">d</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPangaro2001">Pangaro 2001</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFGlanvilleScott2007">Glanville & Scott 2007</a>, pp. 197–198) </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-3">d</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMcKinnon-Wood1993">McKinnon-Wood 1993</a>, p. 131) </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 317) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFBeer1993">Beer 1993</a>, pp. 13–15) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFBeer1993">Beer 1993</a>, p. 14) </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_27-1">b</a> (<a href="#CITEREFBeer1993">Beer 1993</a>, p. 16) </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_28-1">b</a> (<a href="#CITEREFCariani1993">Cariani 1993</a>, p. 20) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 341) </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFCariani1993">Cariani 1993</a>, p. 22) </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFCariani1993">Cariani 1993</a>, p. 26) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFvon_Foerster1993">von Foerster 1993</a>, pp. 36–37) </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_33-2">c</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott 2007</a>, pp. 33) </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFvon_Foerster1993">von Foerster 1993</a>, pp. 37) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFvon_Foerster1993">von Foerster 1993</a>, pp. 38) </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_36-1">b</a> (<a href="#CITEREFvon_Foerster1993">von Foerster 1993</a>, pp. 41) </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMcCulloch2016">McCulloch 2016</a>, p. 251) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPask1961a">Pask 1961a</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFGlanville2007">Glanville 2007</a>, p. 18) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMallen2017">Mallen 2017</a>, p. 194) </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMallen2017">Mallen 2017</a>, pp. 194–195) </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMallen2017">Mallen 2017</a>, p. 195) </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMallen2017">Mallen 2017</a>, p. 195) </li> <li id="cite_note-:21-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:21_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_49-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_49-3">d</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMallen2017">Mallen 2017</a>, p. 195) </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_50-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_50-3">d</a> (<a href="#CITEREFBeer2020">Beer 2020</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-2">c</a> (<a href="#CITEREFThomasHarri-Augstein1993">Thomas & Harri-Augstein 1993</a>, p. 183) </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2021">Scott 2021</a>, p. 10) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFThomasHarri-Augstein1993">Thomas & Harri-Augstein 1993</a>, pp. 184) </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2011">Scott 2011</a>, p. 219) </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering (2009</a>, pp. 346) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCariani1993">Cariani (1993)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFCariani1993">Cariani 1993</a>, p. 28) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCariani1993">Cariani (1993</a>, pp. 31) </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMallen2017">Mallen 2017</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:20_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_60-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_60-3">d</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPederson2021">Pederson 2021</a>, pp. 104–105) </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFThomasHarri-Augstein1993">Thomas & Harri-Augstein 1993</a>, pp. 189) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott 2007</a>, pp. 39) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott 2007</a>, pp. 40) </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_64-3">d</a> (<a href="#CITEREFGreen">Green</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPask1975a">Pask 1975a</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPask1975b">Pask 1975b</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPask1976a">Pask 1976a</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2007">Scott 2007</a>, pp. 41) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 331) </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFThomasHarri-Augstein1993">Thomas & Harri-Augstein 1993</a>, pp. 191) </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott2011">Scott 2011</a>, p. 142) </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_72-1">b</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 311) </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_73-1">b</a> (<a href="#CITEREFGlanville1993a">Glanville 1993a</a>, pp. 7–8) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFBarnes2001">Barnes 2001</a>, p. 534) </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFBarnes2001">Barnes 2001</a>, p. 526) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFGlanville1996">Glanville 1996</a>, pp. 56–62) </li> <li id="cite_note-PDFs_of_some_of_the_Papers_of_Gordon_Pask-78"><a href="#cite_ref-PDFs_of_some_of_the_Papers_of_Gordon_Pask_78-0">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPangaro">Pangaro</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 312) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 314) </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFMallen2017">Mallen 2017</a>, pp. 194–195) </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_82-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_82-3">d</a> (<a href="#CITEREFScott1996">Scott 1996</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFRocha1997">Rocha 1997</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPickering2009">Pickering 2009</a>, p. 322) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFAndrew2001">Andrew 2001</a>, p. 522) </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFFurtado_Cardoso_Lopes2009">Furtado Cardoso Lopes 2009</a>, p. 29) </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFFurtado_Cardoso_Lopes2009">Furtado Cardoso Lopes 2009</a>, p. 31) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFFurtado_Cardoso_Lopes2008">Furtado Cardoso Lopes 2008</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFSweeting2019">Sweeting 2019</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPask1976a">Pask 1976a</a>, p. 248) </li> <li id="cite_note-:19-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:19_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_94-2">c</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPask1976a">Pask 1976a</a>, p. 249) </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPask1976a">Pask 1976a</a>, p. 282) </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citation_Sources">Citation Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Citation Sources">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books_2">Books</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlanville2007" class="citation book cs1">Glanville, Ranulph (2007). "An Approach to Cybernetics (Gordon Pask, 1961)". In Glanville, Ranulph; Müller, Karl H. (eds.). Gordon Pask, Philosopher Mechanic: An Introduction to the Cybernetician's Cybernetician. Vol. 6 (1 ed.). Vienna: edition echoraum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783901941153" title="Special:BookSources/9783901941153"><bdi>9783901941153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+Approach+to+Cybernetics+%28Gordon+Pask%2C+1961%29&rft.btitle=Gordon+Pask%2C+Philosopher+Mechanic%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Cybernetician%27s+Cybernetician&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=edition+echoraum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9783901941153&rft.aulast=Glanville&rft.aufirst=Ranulph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlanvilleScott2007" class="citation book cs1">———; Scott, Bernard (2007). "About Gordon Pask". In Glanville, Ranulph; Müller, Karl. H. (eds.). Gordon Pask, Philosopher Mechanic: An Introduction to the Cybernetician's Cybernetician. Vol. 6 (1 ed.). Vienna: edition echoraum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783901941153" title="Special:BookSources/9783901941153"><bdi>9783901941153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=About+Gordon+Pask&rft.btitle=Gordon+Pask%2C+Philosopher+Mechanic%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Cybernetician%27s+Cybernetician&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=edition+echoraum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9783901941153&rft.aulast=Glanville&rft.aufirst=Ranulph&rft.au=Scott%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurtado_Cardoso_Lopes2009" class="citation book cs1">Furtado Cardoso Lopes, Gonçalo M. (2009). Pask's Encounters: From a Childhood Curiosity to the Envisioning of an Evolving Environment. Wien: edition echoraum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783901941184" title="Special:BookSources/9783901941184"><bdi>9783901941184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pask%27s+Encounters%3A+From+a+Childhood+Curiosity+to+the+Envisioning+of+an+Evolving+Environment&rft.place=Wien&rft.pub=edition+echoraum&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9783901941184&rft.aulast=Furtado+Cardoso+Lopes&rft.aufirst=Gon%C3%A7alo+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCulloch2016" class="citation book cs1">McCulloch, Warren S. (2016). "Where is Fancy Bread?". Embodiments Of Mind. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262529617" title="Special:BookSources/9780262529617"><bdi>9780262529617</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Where+is+Fancy+Bread%3F&rft.btitle=Embodiments+Of+Mind&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780262529617&rft.aulast=McCulloch&rft.aufirst=Warren+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2007" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Karl. H. (2007). "The Gordon Pask Archive in Vienna". In Glanville, Ranulph; Müller, Karl. H. (eds.). Gordon Pask, Philosopher Mechanic: An Introduction to the Cybernetician's Cybernetician. Vol. 6 (1 ed.). Vienna: edition echoraum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783901941153" title="Special:BookSources/9783901941153"><bdi>9783901941153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gordon+Pask+Archive+in+Vienna&rft.btitle=Gordon+Pask%2C+Philosopher+Mechanic%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Cybernetician%27s+Cybernetician&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=edition+echoraum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9783901941153&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Karl.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPangaro2007" class="citation book cs1">Pangaro, Paul (2007). "Brief History of the Northen American Gordon Pask Archive". In Glanville, Ranulph; Müller, Karl. H. (eds.). Gordon Pask, Philosopher Mechanic: An Introduction to the Cybernetician's Cybernetician. Vol. 6 (1 ed.). Vienna: edition echoraum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783901941153" title="Special:BookSources/9783901941153"><bdi>9783901941153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brief+History+of+the+Northen+American+Gordon+Pask+Archive&rft.btitle=Gordon+Pask%2C+Philosopher+Mechanic%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Cybernetician%27s+Cybernetician&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=edition+echoraum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9783901941153&rft.aulast=Pangaro&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPederson2021" class="citation book cs1">Pederson, Claudia Costa (2021). Gaming Utopia: Ludic Worlds in Art, Design, and Media. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253054500" title="Special:BookSources/9780253054500"><bdi>9780253054500</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaming+Utopia%3A+Ludic+Worlds+in+Art%2C+Design%2C+and+Media&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780253054500&rft.aulast=Pederson&rft.aufirst=Claudia+Costa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickering2009" class="citation book cs1">Pickering, Andrew (2009). "Gordon Pask: From Chemical Computers To Adaptive Architecture". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo8169881.html">The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226667904" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226667904"><bdi>978-0226667904</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gordon+Pask%3A+From+Chemical+Computers+To+Adaptive+Architecture&rft.btitle=The+Cybernetic+Brain%3A+Sketches+of+Another+Future&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0226667904&rft.aulast=Pickering&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.uchicago.edu%2Fucp%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2Fchicago%2FC%2Fbo8169881.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> See also. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.responsivelandscapes.com/readings/Pickering_PasqueCyberneticBrain.pdf">PDF</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2007" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Bernard (2007). "The Cybernetics of Gordon Pask". In Glanville, Ranulph; Müller, Karl. H. (eds.). Gordon Pask, Philosopher Mechanic: An Introduction to the Cybernetician's Cybernetician. Vol. 6 (1 ed.). Vienna: edition echoraum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783901941153" title="Special:BookSources/9783901941153"><bdi>9783901941153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Cybernetics+of+Gordon+Pask&rft.btitle=Gordon+Pask%2C+Philosopher+Mechanic%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Cybernetician%27s+Cybernetician&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=edition+echoraum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9783901941153&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottGlanville2007" class="citation book cs1">———; Glanville, Ranulph (2007). "Gordon Pask Publications". In Glanville, Ranulph; Müller, Karl. H. (eds.). Gordon Pask, Philosopher Mechanic: An Introduction to the Cybernetician's Cybernetician. Vol. 6 (1 ed.). Vienna: edition echoraum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783901941153" title="Special:BookSources/9783901941153"><bdi>9783901941153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gordon+Pask+Publications&rft.btitle=Gordon+Pask%2C+Philosopher+Mechanic%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Cybernetician%27s+Cybernetician&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=edition+echoraum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9783901941153&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.au=Glanville%2C+Ranulph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2011" class="citation book cs1">——— (2011). Explorations in Second-Order Cybernetics (1st ed.). Vienna: edition echoraum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783901941269" title="Special:BookSources/9783901941269"><bdi>9783901941269</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explorations+in+Second-Order+Cybernetics&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=edition+echoraum&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783901941269&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2021" class="citation book cs1">——— (2021). Cybernetics for the Social Sciences (1 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004464346" title="Special:BookSources/9789004464346"><bdi>9789004464346</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cybernetics+for+the+Social+Sciences&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9789004464346&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conference_Proceedings_2">Conference Proceedings</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Conference Proceedings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeting2019" class="citation conference cs1">Sweeting, Ben (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsdsymposium.org/the-generator-project-as-a-paradigm-for-systemic-design/">The Generator project as a paradigm for systemic design</a>. Proceedings of Relating Systems Thinking and Design (RSD8) Symposium.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Generator+project+as+a+paradigm+for+systemic+design.&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Sweeting&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsdsymposium.org%2Fthe-generator-project-as-a-paradigm-for-systemic-design%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journals">Journals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Journals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew2001" class="citation journal cs1">Andrew, Alex (2001). "The poet of cybernetics". Kybernetes. 30 (5/6): 522–525. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F03684920110391751">10.1108/03684920110391751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kybernetes&rft.atitle=The+poet+of+cybernetics&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5%2F6&rft.pages=522-525&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2F03684920110391751&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2001" class="citation journal cs1">Barnes, Graham (2001). "Voices of sanity in the conversation of psychotherapy". Kybernetes. 30 (5/6): 526–550. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F03684920110391760">10.1108/03684920110391760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kybernetes&rft.atitle=Voices+of+sanity+in+the+conversation+of+psychotherapy&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5%2F6&rft.pages=526-550&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2F03684920110391760&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeer1993" class="citation journal cs1">Beer, Stafford (1993). "Easter". Systems Research. 10 (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systems+Research&rft.atitle=Easter&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Beer&rft.aufirst=Stafford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCariani1993" class="citation journal cs1">Cariani, Peter (1993). "To Evolve an Ear". Systems Research. 10 (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systems+Research&rft.atitle=To+Evolve+an+Ear&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Cariani&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurtado_Cardoso_Lopes2008" class="citation journal cs1">Furtado Cardoso Lopes, G. M. (2008). "Cedric Price's Generator and the Frazers' systems research". Technoetic Arts. 6 (1): 55–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1386%2Ftear.6.1.55_1">10.1386/tear.6.1.55_1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technoetic+Arts&rft.atitle=Cedric+Price%27s+Generator+and+the+Frazers%27+systems+research&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-72&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1386%2Ftear.6.1.55_1&rft.aulast=Furtado+Cardoso+Lopes&rft.aufirst=G.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlanville1993a" class="citation journal cs1">Glanville, Ranulph (1993a). "Introduction". Systems Research. 10 (3): 7–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fsres.3850100302">10.1002/sres.3850100302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systems+Research&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=7-8&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fsres.3850100302&rft.aulast=Glanville&rft.aufirst=Ranulph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlanville1993b" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1993b). "Publications and Projects". System Research. 10 (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=System+Research&rft.atitle=Publications+and+Projects&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Glanville&rft.aufirst=Ranulph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlanville1996" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1996). "Robin McKinnon-Wood and Gordon Pask: a Lifelong Conversation". Cybernetics & Human Knowing. 3 (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cybernetics+%26+Human+Knowing&rft.atitle=Robin+McKinnon-Wood+and+Gordon+Pask%3A+a+Lifelong+Conversation&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Glanville&rft.aufirst=Ranulph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mallen, G. L. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03080188.2017.1297156">"A journey – crossing boundaries"</a>. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. 42 (1–2): 193–200. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ISRv...42..193M">2017ISRv...42..193M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03080188.2017.1297156">10.1080/03080188.2017.1297156</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0308-0188">0308-0188</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:117120778">117120778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interdisciplinary+Science+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+journey+%E2%80%93+crossing+boundaries&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=193-200&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03080188.2017.1297156&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A117120778%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0308-0188&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017ISRv...42..193M&rft.aulast=Mallen&rft.aufirst=G.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F03080188.2017.1297156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon-Wood1993" class="citation journal cs1">McKinnon-Wood, Robin (1993). "Early Machinations". Systems Research. 10 (3): 129–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fsres.3850100315">10.1002/sres.3850100315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systems+Research&rft.atitle=Early+Machinations&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=129-132&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fsres.3850100315&rft.aulast=McKinnon-Wood&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPask1993" class="citation journal cs1">Pask, Elizabeth (1993). "Today Has Been Going on for a Very Long Time". Systems Research. 10 (3): 143–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fsres.3850100318">10.1002/sres.3850100318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systems+Research&rft.atitle=Today+Has+Been+Going+on+for+a+Very+Long+Time&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=143-147&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fsres.3850100318&rft.aulast=Pask&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocha1997" class="citation journal cs1">Rocha, Luis (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040816073257/http://informatics.indiana.edu/rocha/pask.html">"Obituary for Professor Gordon Pask"</a>. International Journal of General Systems. 26 (3): 219–222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03081079708945179">10.1080/03081079708945179</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://informatics.indiana.edu/rocha/pask.html">the original</a> on 16 August 2004. Retrieved 17 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+General+Systems&rft.atitle=Obituary+for+Professor+Gordon+Pask&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=219-222&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03081079708945179&rft.aulast=Rocha&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finformatics.indiana.edu%2Frocha%2Fpask.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasHarri-Augstein1993" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, Laurie; Harri-Augstein, Sheila (1993). "Gordon Pask at Brunel: A Continuing Conversation about Conversations". Systems Research. 10 (3): 183–192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fsres.3850100322">10.1002/sres.3850100322</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systems+Research&rft.atitle=Gordon+Pask+at+Brunel%3A+A+Continuing+Conversation+about+Conversations&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=183-192&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fsres.3850100322&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.au=Harri-Augstein%2C+Sheila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Foerster1993" class="citation journal cs1">von Foerster, Heinz (1993). "On Gordon Pask". System Research. 10 (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=System+Research&rft.atitle=On+Gordon+Pask&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=von+Foerster&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Newspapers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPangaro1996" class="citation news cs1">Pangaro, Paul (16 April 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pangaro.com/Pask-Archive/guardian-obit.html">"Dandy of Cybernetics"</a>. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dandy+of+Cybernetics&rft.date=1996-04-16&rft.aulast=Pangaro&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pangaro.com%2FPask-Archive%2Fguardian-obit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1996" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Bernard (11 April 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-professor-gordon-pask-1304435.html">"Obituary: Professor Gordon Pask"</a>. The Independent. London. Retrieved 17 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Professor+Gordon+Pask&rft.date=1996-04-11&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-professor-gordon-pask-1304435.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Online">Online</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Online">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeer2020" class="citation web cs1">Beer, Vanilla (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOc89p24wz4">"Laws of Form Engendered by a Cybernetic Process — Vanilla Beer"</a>. YouTube. Kunstforum Den Haag. Retrieved 14 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Laws+of+Form+Engendered+by+a+Cybernetic+Process+%E2%80%94+Vanilla+Beer&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Beer&rft.aufirst=Vanilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DKOc89p24wz4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen" class="citation web cs1">Green, Nick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413113225/https://nickgreencyb.co.uk/myshortcv.htm">"Robert Nicholas Green"</a>. nickgreencyb.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nickgreencyb.co.uk/myshortcv.htm">the original</a> on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nickgreencyb.co.uk&rft.atitle=Robert+Nicholas+Green&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnickgreencyb.co.uk%2Fmyshortcv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIFSR1994" class="citation web cs1">IFSR (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028200723/http://www.ifsr.org/index.php/gordon-pask-1994/">"Gordon Pask, 1994"</a>. IFSR.org. International Federation for Systems Research. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifsr.org/index.php/gordon-pask-1994/">the original</a> on 28 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IFSR.org&rft.atitle=Gordon+Pask%2C+1994&rft.date=1994&rft.au=IFSR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifsr.org%2Findex.php%2Fgordon-pask-1994%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"> See also. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive-ifsr.org/wp-content/uploads/other/nl13_2(33).pdf">PDF</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPangaro" class="citation web cs1">Pangaro, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pangaro.com/pask/">"Gordon Pask PDFS & Other Resources — Conversation Theory"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gordon+Pask+PDFS+%26+Other+Resources+%E2%80%94+Conversation+Theory&rft.aulast=Pangaro&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpangaro.com%2Fpask%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPangaro2001" class="citation web cs1">——— (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/16379760">"Paskian Artifacts—Machines and Models of Gordon Pask"</a>. Vimeo. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vimeo&rft.atitle=Paskian+Artifacts%E2%80%94Machines+and+Models+of+Gordon+Pask&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Pangaro&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F16379760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+Pask" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Bird, J., and Di Paolo, E. A., (2008) Gordon Pask and his maverick machines. In P. Husbands, M. Wheeler, O. Holland (eds), The Mechanical Mind in History, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 185 – 211. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262083775" title="Special:BookSources/9780262083775">9780262083775</a></li> <li>Barnes, G. (1994) "Justice, Love and Wisdom" Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/953-176-017-9" title="Special:BookSources/953-176-017-9">953-176-017-9</a>.</li> <li>Glanville, R. and Scott, B. (2001). "About Gordon Pask", Special double issue of Kybernetes, Gordon Pask, Remembered and Celebrated, Part I, 30, 5/6, pp. 507–508.</li> <li>Green, N. (2004). "Axioms from Interactions of Actors Theory", Kybernetes, 33, 9/10, pp. 1433–1462. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cybsoc.org/PIA2.PDF">Download</a></li> <li>Glanville, R. (ed.) (1993). Gordon Pask—A Festschrift Systems Research, 10, 3.</li> <li>Pangaro, P. (1987). An Examination and Confirmation of a Macro Theory of Conversations through a Realization of the Protologic Lp by Microscopic Simulation <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pangaro.com/PhD-thesis/thesis-top.html">PhD Thesis Links</a></li> <li>Margit Rosen: "The control of control" – Gordon Pasks kybernetische Ästhetik. In: Ranulph Glanville, Albert Müller (eds.): Pask Present. Cat. of exhib. Atelier Färbergasse, Vienna, 2008, pp. 130–191.</li> <li>Scott, B. and Glanville G. (eds.) (2001). Special double issue of Kybernetes, Gordon Pask, Remembered and Celebrated, Part I, 30, 5/6.</li> <li>Scott, B. and Glanville G. (eds.) (2001). Special double issue of Kybernetes, Gordon Pask, Remembered and Celebrated, Part II, 30, 7/8.</li> <li>Scott, B. (ed. and commentary) (2011). "Gordon Pask: The Cybernetics of Self-Organisation, Learning and Evolution Papers 1960–1972" pp 648 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echoraum.at/edition/wisdomechoraum16.htm">Edition Echoraum</a> (2011).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Pask&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gordon_Pask" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Gordon Pask">Gordon Pask</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifsr.org/index.php/gordon-pask-1994/">Pask: Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028200723/http://www.ifsr.org/index.php/gordon-pask-1994/">Archived</a> 28 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Systems_Research" title="International Federation for Systems Research">International Federation for Systems Research</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~asc/biographies/Pask/bio.html">Biography</a> at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pangaro.com/pask/">PDFs of Pask's books and key papers at pangaro.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turnbull.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Pask.html">Gordon Pask in the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pangaro.com/Pask-Archive/">Pask archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icebreakerideas.com/learning-theories/#Conversation_Theory_G_Pask">Conversation theory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cybsoc.org/gordon.htm">Cybernetics Society biography: The foundations of Conversation Theory: Interactions of Actors Theory (IA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberneticians.com/index.html#pan">QuickTime videos of Paul Pangaro teaching Cybernetics and Pask's Entailment Meshes at Stanford</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberneticians.com/index.html#gp">QuickTime clip of Pask on Entailment Meshes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pangaro.com/Pask-Archive/guardian-obit.html">Pangaro's obituary in London Guardian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://informatics.indiana.edu/rocha/pask.html">Rocha's obituary for International Journal of General Systems</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070912073617/http://informatics.indiana.edu/rocha/pask.html">Archived</a> 12 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nickgreencyb.co.uk/PIA2.PDF">Nick Green. (2004). "Axioms from Interactions of Actors Theory"</a> Kybernetes, vol.33, no. 9/10, pp. 1433–1455.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.3e.html">Thomas Dreher: History of Computer Art</a>, chap. II.3.1.1 Gordon Pask's "Musicolour System", chap. II.3.2.3 Gordon Pask's "Colloquy of Mobiles".</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cybsoc.org/gordon.htm">Assertions and aphorisms of Gordon Pask at The Cybernetics Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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interface">Neurocybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_theory" title="Catastrophe theory">Catastrophe theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_neuroscience" title="Computational neuroscience">Computational neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectionism" title="Connectionism">Connectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_theory" title="Control theory">Control theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_theory" title="Conversation theory">Conversation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cybernetics in the Soviet Union">Cybernetics in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_theory" title="Decision theory">Decision theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">Emergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_cybernetics" title="Engineering cybernetics">Engineering cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_theory" title="Information theory">Information theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_cybernetics" title="Management cybernetics">Management cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cybernetics" title="Medical cybernetics">Medical cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-order_cybernetics" title="Second-order cybernetics">Second-order cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersemiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersemiotics">Cybersemiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocybernetics" title="Sociocybernetics">Sociocybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synergetics_(Haken)" title="Synergetics (Haken)">Synergetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberneticist" title="Cyberneticist">Cyberneticians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lerner" title="Alexander Lerner">Alexander Lerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Lyapunov" title="Alexey Lyapunov">Alexey Lyapunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Radcliffe-Brown" title="Alfred Radcliffe-Brown">Alfred Radcliffe-Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenna_Leonard" title="Allenna Leonard">Allenna Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wilden" title="Anthony Wilden">Anthony Wilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller" title="Buckminster Fuller">Buckminster Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_(systems_scientist)" title="Charles François (systems scientist)">Charles François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Bell" title="Genevieve Bell">Genevieve Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Boden" title="Margaret Boden">Margaret Boden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard" title="Claude Bernard">Claude Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Joslyn" title="Cliff Joslyn">Cliff Joslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Holst" title="Erich von Holst">Erich von Holst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Glasersfeld" title="Ernst von Glasersfeld">Ernst von Glasersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Heylighen" title="Francis Heylighen">Francis Heylighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Vester" title="Frederic Vester">Frederic Vester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Vickers" title="Geoffrey Vickers">Charles Geoffrey Vickers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon Pask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_S._Brown" title="Gordon S. Brown">Gordon S. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">Heinz von Foerster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberto_Maturana" title="Humberto Maturana">Humberto Maturana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">I. A. Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Aleksander" title="Igor Aleksander">Igor Aleksander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacque_Fresco" title="Jacque Fresco">Jacque Fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Johann_von_Uexk%C3%BCll" title="Jakob Johann von Uexküll">Jakob von Uexküll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Jixuan_Hu" title="Jason Jixuan Hu">Jason Jixuan Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Wright_Forrester" title="Jay Wright Forrester">Jay Wright Forrester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wilby" title="Jennifer Wilby">Jennifer Wilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Warfield" title="John N. Warfield">John N. Warfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick">Kevin Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy" title="Ludwig von Bertalanffy">Ludwig von Bertalanffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleyka_Abbaszadeh" title="Maleyka Abbaszadeh">Maleyka Abbaszadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Clynes" title="Manfred Clynes">Manfred Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Mazur" title="Marian Mazur">Marian Mazur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Katherine_Hayles" title="N. Katherine Hayles">N. Katherine Hayles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Bekhtereva" title="Natalia Bekhtereva">Natalia Bekhtereva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Niklas Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Grigorenko" title="Petro Grigorenko">Pyotr Grigorenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Glanville" title="Ranulph Glanville">Ranulph Glanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trappl" title="Robert Trappl">Robert Trappl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_P._Kurdyumov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei P. Kurdyumov">Sergei P. Kurdyumov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Beer" title="Stafford Beer">Anthony Stafford Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Kauffman" title="Stuart Kauffman">Stuart Kauffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Umpleby" title="Stuart Umpleby">Stuart Umpleby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcott_Parsons" title="Talcott Parsons">Talcott Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulla_Mitzdorf" title="Ulla Mitzdorf">Ulla Mitzdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Turchin" title="Valentin Turchin">Valentin Turchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentino_Braitenberg" title="Valentino Braitenberg">Valentin Braitenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Ross_Ashby" title="W. Ross Ashby">William Ross Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bradford_Cannon" title="Walter Bradford Cannon">Walter Bradford Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pitts" title="Walter Pitts">Walter Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Sturgis_McCulloch" title="Warren Sturgis McCulloch">Warren McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grey_Walter" title="William Grey Walter">William Grey Walter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Society_for_General_Systems_Research_Presidents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Society_for_General_Systems_Research_Presidents" title="Template:Society for General Systems Research Presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Society_for_General_Systems_Research_Presidents" title="Template talk:Society for General Systems Research Presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Society_for_General_Systems_Research_Presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Society for General Systems Research Presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Society_for_General_Systems_Research_Presidents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_for_General_Systems_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for General Systems Research">Society for General Systems Research</a> Presidents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth Boulding</a> (1957–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._McClelland" title="Charles A. McClelland">Charles McClelland</a> (1959–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Ross_Ashby" title="W. Ross Ashby">Willam Ashby</a> (1962–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatol_Rapoport" title="Anatol Rapoport">Anatol Rapaport</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Caws" title="Peter Caws">Peter Caws</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milsum" title="John Milsum">John Milsum</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Rubin" title="Milton Rubin">Milton Rubin</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_B._Slobodkin" title="Lawrence B. Slobodkin">Lawrence Slobodkin</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Myron_Gross" title="Bertram Myron Gross">Bertram Gross</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Stafford_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Stafford Beer">Stafford Beer</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Grier_Miller" title="James Grier Miller">James Grier Miller</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon Pask</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_Samuelson" title="Kjell Samuelson">Kjell Samuelson</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">Heinz von Foerster</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Vickers" title="Geoffrey Vickers">Geoffrey Vickers</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Ericson" title="Richard F. Ericson">Richard Ericson</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_R._Gaines" title="Brian R. Gaines">Brian Gaines</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rosen_(theoretical_biologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rosen (theoretical biologist)">Robert Rosen</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Klir" title="George Klir">George Klir</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Warfield" title="John N. Warfield">John N. Warfield</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Dillon" title="John A. Dillon">John A. Dillon</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Checkland" title="Peter Checkland">Peter Checkland</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_L._Ackoff" title="Russell L. Ackoff">Russell L. Ackoff</a> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #d3d3d3;;"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences_Presidents" title="Template:International Society for the Systems Sciences Presidents">International Society for the Systems Sciences Presidents</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370461#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370461#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370461#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/135750121">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80056994">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068679319">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007273061405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:pask.gordon">zbMATH</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/278577">MathSciNet</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500290888">ULAN</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/115676228">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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[\"CITEREFMallen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCulloch2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinnon-Wood1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMüller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPangaro\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPangaro1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPangaro2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPangaro2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1957\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPask1958\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFPask1959\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPask1959–1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1960\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPask1961\"] = 8,\n [\"CITEREFPask1961a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1962\"] = 14,\n [\"CITEREFPask1963\"] = 10,\n [\"CITEREFPask1964\"] = 13,\n [\"CITEREFPask1965\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFPask1966\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFPask1967\"] = 8,\n [\"CITEREFPask1968\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFPask1969\"] = 8,\n [\"CITEREFPask1970\"] = 10,\n [\"CITEREFPask1971\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPask1972\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFPask1973\"] = 9,\n [\"CITEREFPask1974–1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1975\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFPask1975a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1975b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1975–1977\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPask1976\"] = 11,\n [\"CITEREFPask1976a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1976–1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1977\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFPask1978\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFPask1979\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFPask1980\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFPask1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1993b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPask1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskB.N.1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskBailey1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskBaileyEnsorMalik1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskBreach1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskBrieske1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskCurran1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskFeldman1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskGlanvilleRobinson1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskKallikourdisScott1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskLewis1961–1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskLewis1962–1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskLewis1963–1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskLewis1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskLewis1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskLewis1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskLewisWatts1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskMalik1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskMallen1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaskRobinson1983\"] = 1,\n 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