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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">18th Division</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IJA18th_Division_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IJA18th_Division_Memorial.jpg/300px-IJA18th_Division_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IJA18th_Division_Memorial.jpg/450px-IJA18th_Division_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IJA18th_Division_Memorial.jpg/600px-IJA18th_Division_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">IJA 18th Division Memorial, <a href="/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurume, Fukuoka">Kurume, Fukuoka</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">13 November 1907 – 1 May 1925<br />9 September 1937 – 1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurume, Fukuoka">Kurume, Fukuoka</a>, Japan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Chrysanthemum Division</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18th_Division_(1907-1925)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="18th_Division_(1907-1925)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">18th Division (1907-1925)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>55. Infantry Regiment (<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmura,_Nagasaki" title="Ōmura, Nagasaki">Ōmura</a>)</li> <li>56. Infantry Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurume, Fukuoka">Kurume</a>)</li> <li>114. Infantry Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Fukuoka,_Fukuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukuoka, Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a>)</li> <li>13. Rapid Response Battalion</li> <li>21. Heavy Field Artillery Battalion</li> <li>18.Mountain Artillery Regiment</li> <li>12. Construction Regiment</li> <li>12. Transport Regiment.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18th_Division_(1914)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="18th_Division_(1914)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">18th Division (1914)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>23.Infantry Brigade <ul><li>46. Infantry regiment (<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmura,_Nagasaki" title="Ōmura, Nagasaki">Ōmura</a>)</li> <li>55. Infantry regiment (<a href="/wiki/Saga,_Saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Saga, Saga">Saga</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>24. Infantry Brigade <ul><li>48. Infantry Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurume, Fukuoka">Kurume</a>)</li> <li>56.Infantry Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurume, Fukuoka">Kurume</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>22. Cavalry Regiment</li> <li>24. Field Artillery Regiment</li> <li>3. Independent mountain artillery regiment</li> <li>18.Engineer battalion</li> <li>4. Aircraft battalion</li> <li>18. Logistics battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18th_Division_(1937)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="18th_Division_(1937)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">18th Division (1937)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>23rd Infantry Brigade <ul><li>55. Infantry Regiment</li> <li>56. Infantry Regiment</li></ul></li> <li>35. Infantry Brigade <ul><li>114. Infantry Regiment</li> <li>124. Infantry Regiment</li></ul></li> <li>18. Mountain Artillery Regiment</li> <li>22. Cavalry Battalion</li> <li>12. Engineer Regiment</li> <li>12. Transport Regiment</li> <li>24. Field Artillery Regiment</li> <li>18. Engineer Battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18th_Division_(1944)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="18th_Division_(1944)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">18th Division (1944)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Parent unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-Third_Army_(Japan)" title="Thirty-Third Army (Japan)">33rd Army</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>55th Infantry Regiment</li> <li>56.Infantry Regiment</li> <li>114. Infantry Regiment</li> <li>124. Infantry Regiment</li> <li>18. Mountain Artillery Regiment</li> <li>12. Engineer Regiment</li> <li>12. Transport Regiment</li> <li>18/1. Signals company</li> <li>18/2. Signals company</li> <li>18. Sanitation company</li> <li>18/1. Field hospital</li> <li>18/2. Field hospital</li> <li>18/3. Field hospital</li> <li>18/4. Field hospital</li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Epidemic_Prevention_and_Water_Purification_Department" title="Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department">Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department</a></li> <li>18. Veterinary department</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>18th Division</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">第18師団</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Dai-jūhachi Shidan</i></span>)</span> was an <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Ts%C5%ABsh%C5%8Dg%C5%8D" title="Tsūshōgō">tsūshōgō</a> <a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">code name</a> was the <b>Chrysanthemum Division</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">菊兵團</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kiku heidan</i></span>)</span>. The 18th Division was one of two infantry divisions newly raised by the Imperial Japanese Army immediately after the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1904–1905) as part of the post war expansion of the standing Japanese military. The division received its colors on 13 November 1907. Its original headquarters was in a suburb of the city of <a href="/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurume, Fukuoka">Kurume</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka Prefecture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Action">Action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Tsingtao,_soldiers_of_IJA_18th_division_took_over_german_trench_Kopie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Siege_of_Tsingtao%2C_soldiers_of_IJA_18th_division_took_over_german_trench_Kopie.jpg/220px-Siege_of_Tsingtao%2C_soldiers_of_IJA_18th_division_took_over_german_trench_Kopie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Siege_of_Tsingtao%2C_soldiers_of_IJA_18th_division_took_over_german_trench_Kopie.jpg/330px-Siege_of_Tsingtao%2C_soldiers_of_IJA_18th_division_took_over_german_trench_Kopie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Siege_of_Tsingtao%2C_soldiers_of_IJA_18th_division_took_over_german_trench_Kopie.jpg/440px-Siege_of_Tsingtao%2C_soldiers_of_IJA_18th_division_took_over_german_trench_Kopie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of the 18th Division in an abandoned German trench during the Siege of Qingdao, 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the division was strengthened by an additional infantry brigade (the IJA 29th Brigade) and, led by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Kamio_Mitsuomi" title="Kamio Mitsuomi">Kamio Mitsuomi</a>, was given an independent command in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qingdao" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Qingdao">Siege of Qingdao</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> colony of <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong peninsula">Shandong peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in October 1914, forcing a surrender of German forces after a week-long assault. Notably, an aircraft from divisional air force has become the first airplane ever downed in the air-to-air combat. </p><p>However, on 1 May 1925, the division was dissolved by Minister of War <a href="/wiki/Ugaki_Kazushige" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugaki Kazushige">Ugaki Kazushige</a> as part of a cost-saving measure during the <a href="/wiki/Kato_Takaaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kato Takaaki">Kato Takaaki</a> administration, together with the <a href="/wiki/13th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="13th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">13th</a>, <a href="/wiki/15th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="15th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">15th</a> and <a href="/wiki/17th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="17th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">17th</a> divisions. </p><p>The 18th Division was resurrected in September 1937 as a <a href="/wiki/Square_division" title="Square division">square division</a> as a part of general military build-up following the start of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Army_(Japan)" title="Tenth Army (Japan)">IJA 10th Army</a> under the overall command of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Central_China_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Central China Area Army">Japanese Central China Area Army</a> it was deployed to the Chinese mainland, as an emergency reinforcement force to supplement the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Expeditionary_Army" title="Shanghai Expeditionary Army">Shanghai Expeditionary Army</a> in China after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">Second Shanghai Incident</a>. The Japanese <i>18th division</i> subsequently participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Nanjing">Battle of Nanjing</a> and the subsequent atrocities known as the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a>. From September 1938, the division came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-First_Army_(Japan)" title="Twenty-First Army (Japan)">IJA 21st Army</a>, and participated in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_Operation" title="Canton Operation">Canton Operation</a> and the invasion and occupation of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Province">Guangdong Province</a> under the command of Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Seiichi_Kuno" title="Seiichi Kuno">Seiichi Kuno</a>. The division remained in China through the <a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%9340_Winter_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1939–40 Winter Offensive">1939–40 Winter Offensive</a> under the command of Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Harukichi_Hyakutake" title="Harukichi Hyakutake">Harukichi Hyakutake</a>. </p><p>From 6 November 1941 the division came under the command of Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Renya_Mutaguchi" title="Renya Mutaguchi">Renya Mutaguchi</a> and was reassigned to the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-Fifth_Army_(Japan)" title="Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)">IJA 25th Army</a> (which was under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Yamashita_Tomoyuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamashita Tomoyuki">Yamashita Tomoyuki</a>). It participated in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasion of Malaya">invasion of Malaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Singapore</a>. The 124th Infantry Regiment and some other units of the 18th Division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%9342)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–42)">Battle of Borneo</a> from 16 December 1941 on. Following the conquest of Singapore, the division was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Army_(Japan)" title="Fifteenth Army (Japan)">IJA 15th Army</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">invasion of Burma</a>, where it suffered over 3000 casualties, primarily from malnutrition and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> in securing control of the <a href="/wiki/Ledo_Road" title="Ledo Road">Ledo Road</a>. The supply situation was so bad that some elements of the division stole rations and weapons from the stores of <a href="/wiki/53rd_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="53rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">53rd division</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Tanai_Township" title="Tanai Township">Tanai Township</a> earning for themselves the nickname of "thief troopers". </p><p>In 1942, the division's <a href="/wiki/Kawaguchi_Detachment" title="Kawaguchi Detachment">Kawaguchi Detachment</a> (the 35th Infantry Brigade and 124th Infantry Regiment) was detached and sent to <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and finally to <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal</a>. There, it took heavy losses in the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edson%27s_Ridge" title="Battle of Edson's Ridge">Edson's Ridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Henderson_Field" title="Battle for Henderson Field">Henderson Field</a>. After the detachment, the main body of the division was converted to the <a href="/wiki/Triangular_division" title="Triangular division">triangular division</a> format in 1943, while the detachment became the <a href="/wiki/31st_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="31st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">31st division</a>. </p><p>Late in 1943, Mutaguchi was promoted and replaced as commander of the division by Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Shinichi_Tanaka" title="Shinichi Tanaka">Shinichi Tanaka</a>. Transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Third_Army_(Japan)" title="Thirty-Third Army (Japan)">IJA 33rd Army</a>, and operations in northern Burma, the 18th Division fought against the American-led Chinese divisions advancing on <a href="/wiki/Mogaung" title="Mogaung">Mogaung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myitkyina" title="Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a>, and against the British <a href="/wiki/Chindits" title="Chindits">Chindits</a> operating behind their lines. Although suffering heavy losses, the division nevertheless inflicted many casualties and imposed severe delays on the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. Especially hit was the 114th infantry regiment which suffered about 2000 combat casualties while holding an important rail and road hub of <a href="/wiki/Myitkyina" title="Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a> in 1944 while under command of the <a href="/wiki/56th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="56th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">56th division</a>. </p><p><br /> The Japanese 18th Division also suffered heavy losses in the joint operations between the Chinese, American and British armies. According to the most authoritative Japanese war history about the northern Burma campaign, the two war histories "The Chrysanthemum Soldiers - Furuhi no War" written by the former 18th Division staff officer Ushiyama Saitaro. , "The Chrysanthemum Soldiers--"The Battle of the Chrysanthemums" (these two battle histories are actually the quasi-official battle histories of the 18th Division. Ushiyama wrote them clearly and in high quality. At the end of the Battle of the Chrysanthemum Corps Hu Kang, Ushiyama Saitaro pointed out that as a result, After the fall of Myitkyina, "the heroic spirit reached ten thousand and thousands of pillars". In the book "Burma Vertical Operation", Ushiyama Saitaro believed that until the India-Burma Highway was opened, the Japanese army died in the battle in the direction of Hu Kang (i.e., northern Burma), About 20,000 people died from the disease, and about 10,000 people died from the disease in Yunnan. These 30,000 people include those who died from the disease and were lost in battles with the British and Indian troops.[2] However, after the India-Burma Highway was opened, the Chinese army still had some battles with the Japanese army. 18 The troop histories of the three infantry regiments of the division record the losses in combat with the expeditionary force (actually the army stationed in India, but they still call the army stationed in India the expeditionary force). More than seven or eight thousand people were killed in battle.The 114th Regiment, the main force of the Special Myitkyina Garrison, according to its resume, recorded 2,979 dead, 1,821 casualties, and 107 prisoners during its Myitkyina defense operations (May–August 44) </p><p>In the aftermath of the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Battle of Imphal</a> in March–July 1944, Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Shinichi_Tanaka" title="Shinichi Tanaka">Shinichi Tanaka</a> exchanged divisional appointment with Lieutenant-General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eitaro_Naka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eitaro Naka (page does not exist)">Eitaro Naka</a>, formerly Chief of Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Area_Army" title="Burma Area Army">Burma Area Army</a>. In the 1945 campaigning season, the division once again lost many thousands of men in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Central_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Central Burma">Battle of Central Burma</a>, particularly at <a href="/wiki/Meiktila" title="Meiktila">Meiktila</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a>. During the battle, the division was reinforced by 119th infantry regiment from the <a href="/wiki/53rd_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="53rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">53rd division</a> in attempts to recapture Meiktila from the Allies. </p><p>The <i>18th division</i> ended the war in southern Burma. Of the 31,444 men of the division sent to Burma, more than 20,000 did not make it home to Japan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_Infantry_Divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese Infantry Divisions">List of Japanese Infantry Divisions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a 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.reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <ul><li>Madej, W. Victor, <i>Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937–1945</i> [2 vols], Allentown, PA: 1981</li> <li>Latimer. Jon <i>Burma: The Forgotten War</i>, London: John Murray, (2004) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-6576-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-6576-6">0-7195-6576-6</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwpda.org/naval/tsingtao.htm">Tsingtao Campaign by Colin Denis</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoughJohn_A._Crown1952" class="citation web cs1">Hough, Frank O.; John A. Crown (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-NBrit/index.html">"The Campaign on New Britain"</a>. <i>USMC Historical Monograph</i>. Historical Division, Division of Public Information, Headquarters U.S. Marine Corps. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061224114556/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-NBrit/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USMC+Historical+Monograph&rft.atitle=The+Campaign+on+New+Britain&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Hough&rft.aufirst=Frank+O.&rft.au=John+A.+Crown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSMC%2FUSMC-M-NBrit%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18th+Division+%28Imperial+Japanese+Army%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1959" class="citation web cs1">Miller, John Jr. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Rabaul/index.html">"CARTWHEEL: The Reduction of Rabaul"</a>. <i>United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Chief of Military History">Office of the Chief of Military History</a>, U.S. Department of the Army. p. 418<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Army+in+World+War+II%3A+The+War+in+the+Pacific&rft.atitle=CARTWHEEL%3A+The+Reduction+of+Rabaul&rft.pages=418&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FUSA-P-Rabaul%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18th+Division+%28Imperial+Japanese+Army%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>This article incorporates material from the Japanese Wikipedia page <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC18%E5%B8%AB%E5%9B%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%BB%8D)" class="extiw" title="ja:第18師団 (日本軍)">第18師団 (日本軍)</a>, accessed 3 March 2016 </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=18th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)&oldid=1239034649">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=18th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)&oldid=1239034649</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_World_War_II_divisions" title="Category:Japanese World War II divisions">Japanese World War II divisions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infantry_divisions_of_Japan" title="Category:Infantry divisions of Japan">Infantry divisions of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1907" title="Category:Military units and formations established in 1907">Military units and formations established in 1907</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_disestablished_in_1945" title="Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945">Military units and formations disestablished in 1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1907_establishments_in_Japan" title="Category:1907 establishments in Japan">1907 establishments in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_disestablishments_in_Burma" title="Category:1945 disestablishments in Burma">1945 disestablishments in Burma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_in_Burma_in_World_War_II" title="Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II">Military units and formations in Burma in World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nanjing_Massacre_perpetrators" title="Category:Nanjing Massacre perpetrators">Nanjing Massacre perpetrators</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2020">Use dmy dates from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_June_2013" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from June 2013">Articles lacking in-text citations from June 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 August 2024, at 00:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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