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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie en achtergrond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografie_en_achtergrond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loopbaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loopbaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Loopbaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loopbaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thema's" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thema's"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Thema's</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thema's-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Taal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_het_Nederlands_vertaald_werk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_het_Nederlands_vertaald_werk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In het Nederlands vertaald werk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_het_Nederlands_vertaald_werk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bronnen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nagieb Mahfoez</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 139 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%8C%8A%E1%89%A5_%E1%88%9B%E1%88%85%E1%8D%89%E1%8B%9D" title="ናጊብ ማህፉዝ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናጊብ ማህፉዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجيب محفوظ – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نجيب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجيب محفوظ – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نجيب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجيب محفوظ – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نجيب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C" title="নাগিব মাহফুজ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাগিব মাহফুজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfuz" title="Naguib Mahfuz – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Naguib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D3%80%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Наджиб МахӀфуз – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Наджиб МахӀфуз" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Maxfuz" title="Nagib Maxfuz – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Nagib Maxfuz" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99cib_M%C9%99hfuz" title="Nəcib Məhfuz – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nəcib Məhfuz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجیب محفوظ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نجیب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%99%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%85%D1%84%D2%AF%D0%B7" title="Нәғиб Мәхфүз – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нәғиб Мәхфүз" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагіб Махфуз – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нагіб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагіб Махфуз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нагіб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагиб Махфуз – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нагиб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C" title="নাগিব মাহফুজ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাগিব মাহফুজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагиб Махфуз – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нагиб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfuz" title="Naguib Mahfuz – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Naguib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B1" title="Махьфуз, Наджийб – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Махьфуз, Наджийб" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B2" title="نەجیب مەحفووز – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەجیب مەحفووز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nag%C3%ADb_Mahf%C3%BAz" title="Nagíb Mahfúz – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nagíb Mahfúz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necip_Mahfuz" title="Necip Mahfuz – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Necip Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%80_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B6" title="Ναγκίμπ Μαχφούζ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναγκίμπ Μαχφούζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfuz" title="Naguib Mahfuz – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Naguib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mahfuz" title="Najib Mahfuz – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Najib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجیب محفوظ – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نجیب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfuz" title="Naguib Mahfuz – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Naguib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfuz" title="Naguib Mahfuz – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Naguib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%96" title="נגיב מחפוז – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נגיב מחפוז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="नजीब महफ़ूज़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नजीब महफ़ूज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nag%C3%ADb_Mahf%C3%BAz" title="Nagíb Mahfúz – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nagíb Mahfúz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A2_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6" title="Նագիբ Մահֆուզ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նագիբ Մահֆուզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%95%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ナギーブ・マフフーズ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナギーブ・マフフーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%91_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ნაგიბ მაჰფუზი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნაგიბ მაჰფუზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Maxfuz" title="Nagib Maxfuz – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nagib Maxfuz" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C7%A7ib_Me%E1%B8%A5fu%E1%B8%8D" title="Naǧib Meḥfuḍ – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Naǧib Meḥfuḍ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагиб Махфуз – Kabardisch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Нагиб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mahfouz" title="Najib Mahfouz – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Najib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нажиб Махфуз – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нажиб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EA%B8%B0%EB%B8%8C_%EB%A7%88%ED%91%B8%EC%A6%88" title="나기브 마푸즈 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나기브 마푸즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nac%C3%AEb_Mahf%C3%BBz" title="Nacîb Mahfûz – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nacîb Mahfûz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagieb_Mahfoez" title="Nagieb Mahfoez – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nagieb Mahfoez" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagibas_Mahfuzas" title="Nagibas Mahfuzas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nagibas Mahfuzas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nag%C4%ABbs_Mahf%C5%ABzs" title="Nagībs Mahfūzs – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nagībs Mahfūzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mahfuz" title="Najib Mahfuz – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Najib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагиб Махфуз – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нагиб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നജീബ് മഹ്ഫൂസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നജീബ് മഹ്ഫൂസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагиб Махфуз – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нагиб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9D" title="नाग्विब महफूझ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नाग्विब महफूझ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%82%E1%80%BD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF" title="နားဂွစ် မားဖု – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နားဂွစ် မားဖု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Махфуз, Нагиб – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Махфуз, Нагиб" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجیب محفوظ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نجیب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C" title="नगीब महफूज – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नगीब महफूज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Махфуз, Нагиб – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Махфуз, Нагиб" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਨਜੀਬ ਮਹਿਫ਼ੂਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਜੀਬ ਮਹਿਫ਼ੂਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nad%C5%BCib_Mahfuz" title="Nadżib Mahfuz – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nadżib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجيب محفوظ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نجيب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجيب محفوظ – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نجيب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naghib_Mahfuz" title="Naghib Mahfuz – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Naghib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Махфуз, Нагиб – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Махфуз, Нагиб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D2%91%D1%96%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Наґіб Магфуз – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Наґіб Магфуз" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагиб Махфуз – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нагиб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱱᱟᱜᱩᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱦᱯᱷᱚᱣᱡᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱜᱩᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱦᱯᱷᱚᱣᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nad%C5%BE%C3%ADb_Mahf%C3%BAd" title="Nadžíb Mahfúd – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nadžíb Mahfúd" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Нагиб Махфуз – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нагиб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nagib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="நகிப் மஹ்ஃபூஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நகிப் மஹ்ஃபூஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="నగీబ్ మెహఫూజ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నగీబ్ మెహఫూజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B" title="นะญีบ มะห์ฟูซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นะญีบ มะห์ฟูซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necib_Mahfuz" title="Necib Mahfuz – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Necib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%99%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%85%D1%84%D2%AF%D0%B7" title="Нәҗип Мәхфүз – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нәҗип Мәхфүз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Махфуз, Нагиб – Toevaans" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Махфуз, Нагиб" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Toevaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AC%D9%89%D8%A8_%D9%85%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%81%DB%87%D8%B2" title="نەجىب مەھفۇز – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نەجىب مەھفۇز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D2%91%D1%96%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Наґіб Махфуз – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наґіб Махфуз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8" title="نجیب محفوظ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نجیب محفوظ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mahfuz" title="Najib Mahfuz – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Najib Mahfuz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahfuz_Nagib" title="Mahfuz Nagib – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mahfuz Nagib" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%B9" title="纳吉布·马哈福兹 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纳吉布·马哈福兹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%91_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ნაჯიბ მაჰფუზი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნაჯიბ მაჰფუზი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%96" title="נאגיב מאכפוז – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאגיב מאכפוז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Naguib Mahfouz" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Nagieb Mahfoez </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/11_december" title="11 december">11 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> – <a href="/wiki/13_augustus" title="13 augustus">13 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nagib_Mahfouz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mahfoez in 1982" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nagib_Mahfouz.jpg/266px-Nagib_Mahfouz.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Nagib_Mahfouz.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Mahfoez in 1982</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Egypte_(land)" title="Egypte (land)">Egypte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFro_(stad)" title="Caïro (stad)">Caïro</a>, Egypte </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nationaliteit </th> <td colspan="2">Egyptisch </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFro_(stad)" title="Caïro (stad)">Caïro</a>, Egypte </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Literatuur" title="Nobelprijs voor Literatuur">Literatuur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1988 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">"Die door geschakeerde werken - soms scherpzinnig realistisch, soms suggestief ambigue - een Arabische romankunst van algemeen menselijke waarde heeft gevormd." </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bekende werken </th> <td colspan="2">Kinderen van Gabalawi <small>(1959)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Naguib_Mahfouz_and_Tawfiq_Alhakim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Naguib_Mahfouz_and_Tawfiq_Alhakim.jpg/260px-Naguib_Mahfouz_and_Tawfiq_Alhakim.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Naguib_Mahfouz_and_Tawfiq_Alhakim.jpg/390px-Naguib_Mahfouz_and_Tawfiq_Alhakim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Naguib_Mahfouz_and_Tawfiq_Alhakim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>Mahfoez met Tawfiq Al-Hakim</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nagib_Machfus_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nagib_Machfus_Statue.jpg/260px-Nagib_Machfus_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nagib_Machfus_Statue.jpg/390px-Nagib_Machfus_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nagib_Machfus_Statue.jpg/520px-Nagib_Machfus_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption>Standbeeld van Mahfoez in Caïro</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nagieb Mahfoez</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>: نجيب محفوظ, Nağīb Maḥfūẓ) ook wel geschreven als <i>Nadjib</i> of <i>Naguib Mahfouz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFro_(stad)" title="Caïro (stad)">Caïro</a>, <a href="/wiki/11_december" title="11 december">11 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> – aldaar, <a href="/wiki/30_augustus" title="30 augustus">30 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>), was een <a href="/wiki/Egypte_(land)" title="Egypte (land)">Egyptisch</a> <a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">schrijver</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie_en_achtergrond">Biografie en achtergrond</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie en achtergrond" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie en achtergrond"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahfoez werd geboren in een familie uit de middenklasse in de wijk Jamaliyya van het oude Cairo. Zijn vader was Abdel Aziz Ibrahim Mahfoez. Zijn moeder was Fatma Mostapha Mahfoez.<sup id="cite_ref-sherby_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sherby-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn moeder, dankbaar na een moeilijke geboorte, vernoemde hem naar de verloskundige.<sup id="cite_ref-moosa1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moosa1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924 verhuisde het gezin naar de moderne Abbasiyya-wijk.<sup id="cite_ref-moosa1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moosa1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-enany1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enany1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahfoez noemt zijn eigen kindertijd "normaal", dat wil zeggen dat hij opgroeide in een stabiel en hecht gezin. Zijn vader, die in 1937 overleed, was een strenge moslim die zijn vaderlijk gezag deed gelden. Als jongste van 7 kinderen, en 10 jaar jonger dan zijn jongste broer, bracht Mahfoez een groot deel van zijn kindertijd alleen door nadat zijn twee broers en vier zussen het huis hadden verlaten.<sup id="cite_ref-enany1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enany1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn interesse voor het Oude Egypte kreeg hij mee van zijn ouders, die hem naar musea meenamen.<sup id="cite_ref-moosa1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moosa1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hij hield niet veel herinneringen aan zijn lagere schooltijd over, behalve van de anti-Britse revolutie uit 1919 waarbij Britse troepen vuurden op demonstranten op het Bayt al-Qadiplein.<sup id="cite_ref-moosa1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moosa1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanuit zijn lagere school tegenover de al-Husaynmoskee zag hij de lichamen van de doden en gewonden liggen.<sup id="cite_ref-enany1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enany1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoals de meeste moslimkinderen begon Mahfoez zijn opleiding met koranrecitatie in een Kuttab (koranschool).<sup id="cite_ref-moosa1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moosa1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-enany1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enany1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daarna ging hij naar de Husayniyya Elementary School, waar hij afstudeerde in 1925, en de hogeschool Fuad I. Hij was goed in Arabisch, geschiedenis en wiskunde maar zwak in vreemde talen. </p><p>Tot de invloeden uit zijn kindertijd behoorden Arabische vertalingen van westerse detectiveromans en historische romans (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott_(schrijver)" title="Walter Scott (schrijver)">Walter Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rider_Haggard" title="Henry Rider Haggard">Henry Rider Haggard</a>), avonturenfilms en het sentimentele proza van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Lutfi_al-Manfaluti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti</a>. Na zijn afstuderen van de universiteit in 1934 werd hij selectiever en concentreerde zich vooral op meesterwerken uit de westerse literatuur, daarbij geleid door de literatuurgeschiedenis van <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Drinkwater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Drinkwater (de pagina bestaat niet)">John Drinkwater</a> (1882-1937). Hij bewonderde <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a> en <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moosa1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moosa1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 27 september 1954 huwde hij met Attiyat-Allah. Ze hadden twee dochters: Umm Kalthum en Fatima.<sup id="cite_ref-sherby_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sherby-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahfoez koesterde sympathie voor Israel, ook op momenten wanneer dergelijke sympathieën gevaarlijk waren.<sup id="cite_ref-sherby_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sherby-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loopbaan">Loopbaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Loopbaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Loopbaan"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De literaire carrière van Mahfoez ging van start na zijn studie <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofie</a>, met de publicatie van drie <a href="/wiki/Historische_roman" title="Historische roman">historische romans</a> die zich afspelen in het Oude Egypte. De eerste daarvan, getiteld <i>Abath el-Aqdar</i> ("De absurditeit van het lot", in het Engels vertaald als <i>Khufu's Wisdom</i> of "De wijsheid van Cheops") verscheen in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-enany2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enany2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zijn interesse als schrijver voor de tijd van de <a href="/wiki/Farao" title="Farao">farao</a>'s bleek al uit zijn Arabische vertaling, gepubliceerd in 1931, van het boek <i>Ancient Egypt</i> van James Baikie uit 1912. Het Engelse origineel was bestemd voor jongere lezers, maar zijn vertaling <i>Mir al-Qadima</i> verscheen in de reeks <i>Al Majalla al-Jadida</i> van Salama Musa. Het was de enige vertaling die hij ooit publiceerde, en later zou hij haar afdoen als een oefening om Engels te leren.<sup id="cite_ref-enany2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enany2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-datum_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-datum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De trilogie werd vervolledigd met <i>Radoebis</i> ("Rhadopsis van Nubië", 1943) en <i>Kefah Teba</i> (Thebe in oorlog, 1944). Die laatste roman verraadt Mahfoez' interesse voor de sociale en politieke werkelijkheid van het eigentijdse Egypte, met name de overheersing door vreemde volkeren (Britten en Turken) en de verhoudingen tussen boeren en heersers.<sup id="cite_ref-enany2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enany2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daarna begon hij met het portretteren van zijn geboortestad. Die reeks over Caïro werd afgesloten met de driedelige familieroman <i>De Caïro-trilogie</i>, het zou zijn bekendste werk worden. Voor deze trilogie kreeg hij in <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a> de hoogste Egyptische literaire onderscheiding: de Staatsprijs voor literatuur. </p><p>In 1988 ontving hij als eerste <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabische</a> auteur de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Literatuur" title="Nobelprijs voor Literatuur">Nobelprijs voor Literatuur</a>. Op 14 oktober 1994 werd er een moordaanslag op hem gepleegd door <a href="/wiki/Moslimextremisten" class="mw-redirect" title="Moslimextremisten">moslimextremisten</a>: hij werd neergestoken, vlak bij zijn woning in Caïro en overleefde deze aanslag. Hij werd in zijn nek geraakt en kreeg moeite met zien en schrijven, handicaps die niet meer overgingen. </p><p>Mahfoez schreef meer dan dertig romans en verhalenbundels. Verscheidene werden verfilmd. Tot heden is hij de enige schrijver in de Arabische taal die ooit een <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs" title="Nobelprijs">Nobelprijs</a> ontving. </p><p>De invloed die Nagieb Mahfoez heeft uitgeoefend op de moderne <a href="/wiki/Arabische_literatuur" title="Arabische literatuur">Arabische literatuur</a> is zeer groot. Die grote invloed ontleent hij niet alleen aan de omvang van zijn romanoeuvre, maar ook aan de veelzijdigheid van zijn werk. Mahfoez beoefende uiteenlopende <a href="/wiki/Literair_genre" title="Literair genre">literaire genres</a> en experimenteerde met allerlei technieken en <a href="/wiki/Schrijfstijl" class="mw-redirect" title="Schrijfstijl">stijlen</a>. Sinds 1996 wordt de <i><a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz_Medal_for_Literature" title="Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature">Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature</a></i> uitgereikt, een prijs voor de beste hedendaagse roman gepubliceerd in het Arabisch, maar nog niet in het Engels. Later vertaald in het Engels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thema's"><span id="Thema.27s"></span>Thema's</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Thema's" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Thema's"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het werk van Mahfoez wordt gewoonlijk in twee hoofdperioden verdeeld: de periode van de <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(literatuur)" title="Naturalisme (literatuur)">naturalistische romans</a>, die een gedetailleerd beeld geven van het sociale en culturele leven in Caïro, met als hoogtepunt de <i>Trilogie</i>, en de periode van de <a href="/wiki/Psychologische_roman" title="Psychologische roman">psychologische romans</a>, die aanving in de jaren 60 en waarin de verstoorde verhouding tussen een individu en zijn omgeving centraal staat. <i>De dief en de honden</i>, in de <a href="/wiki/Arabische_wereld" title="Arabische wereld">Arabische wereld</a> misschien wel zijn meest gelezen werk, markeert het begin van die nieuwe periode. </p><p>Mahfoez was een secularist die de heiligheid van het geloof verwierp en het tumult van nieuwe ideeën verwelkomde omdat op die manier vooruitgang ontstaat. In de roman <i>Kinderen van Gabalawi</i> voert hij oude profeten van het Jodendom, het Christendom en de Islam in een nauwelijks verholen allegorie op als niet meer dan sociale hervormers. Hun rol, en die van de religie, is in moderne tijden vervangen door het geloof in de wetenschap. Het was deze roman die leidde to de aanslag op zijn leven.<sup id="cite_ref-enany2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enany2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taal">Taal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Taal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Taal"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahfoez schreef consequent in het <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standaardarabisch" title="Modern Standaardarabisch">Modern Standaardarabisch</a> of <i>fusha.</i> Hiermee omarmde hij de hybride cultuur van het 20ste-eeuwse Egypte, waar veel intellectuelen uit andere delen van de Arabische wereld hun toevlucht hadden gezocht, en richtte hij zich ook welbewust tot een lezerspubliek buiten de Egyptische grenzen. Hij vermeed zorgvuldig het gebruik van Egyptische <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialectismen</a>, zelfs in de dialogen van ongeletterde of halfgeletterde personages die realistisch gezien niet over de nodige Arabische grammaticale kennis zouden beschikken. Het gebruik van <i>fusha</i> is dus allerminst noodzakelijk voor het verhaal, maar getuigt integendeel van een politieke overtuiging. Mahfoez zelf heeft hierover gezegd: "De volkstaal, het <i>ammiyya,</i> is een <a href="/wiki/Reactionair" title="Reactionair">reactionaire</a> beweging; de <i>fusha</i> is daarentegen <a href="/wiki/Progressivisme" title="Progressivisme">progressief</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-siddiq_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiq-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_het_Nederlands_vertaald_werk">In het Nederlands vertaald werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: In het Nederlands vertaald werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: In het Nederlands vertaald werk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1945 - <i>Nieuw Caïro</i> (vert. 1998)</li> <li>1947 - <i>De Midaksteeg</i> (vert. 2011)</li> <li>1956 - <i>Begin en eind</i> (vert. 2002)</li> <li>1956-1957 - <i>De Caïro trilogie</i>: <ul><li>1956 - <i>Tussen twee paleizen</i> (deel 1; vert. 1990)</li> <li>1957 - <i>Paleis van verlangen</i> (deel 2; vert. 1991)</li> <li>1957 - <i>De suikersteeg</i> (deel 3; vert. 1993)</li></ul></li> <li>1959 - <i>Kinderen van Gabalawi</i> (vert. 1999)</li> <li>1961 - <i>De dief en de honden</i> (vert. 1989)</li> <li>1964 - <i>De dwaaltocht</i> (vert. 1989)</li> <li>1966 - <i>In een roes op de Nijl</i> (vert. 1994)</li> <li>1967 - <i>Pension Miramar</i> (vert. 2004)</li> <li>1982 - <i>Arabische dagen en nachten</i> (vert. 2008)</li> <li>1985 - <i>De dag dat de leider werd vermoord</i> (vert. 2014)</li> <li>1988 - <i>De moskee in de steeg</i></li> <li>1996 - <i>Taveerne De zwarte kat</i> (vert. 1996)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnen">Bronnen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bronnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bronnen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFEl-Enany1993"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">El-Enany, Rasheed</span> (1993). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naguibmahfouzpur0000elen_y2n3">Naguib Mahfouz: The pursuit of meaning</a></i></cite>. Routledge, Londen. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-415-02286-X" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-415-02286-X">ISBN 0-415-02286-X</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFEl-Enany2016"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">El-Enany, Rasheed</span> (2016). <cite><i>On Literature and Philosopy: The Non-fiction Writing of Naguib Mahfouz, volume I</i></cite>. Gingko Library, Londen. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-909942-77-6" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-909942-77-6">ISBN 978-1-909942-77-6</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMoosa1994"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Moosa, Matti</span> (1994). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlynovelsofnag00moos">The Early Novels of Naguib Mahfouz</a></i></cite>. University Press of Florida. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8130-1309-7" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8130-1309-7">ISBN 0-8130-1309-7</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFSiddiq2007"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Siddiq, Muhammad</span> (2007). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabculturenovel0000sidd">Arab Culture and the Novel: Genre, identity, and agency in Egyptian fiction</a></i></cite>. Routledge, Abingdon, Verenigd Koninkrijk. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-415-77260-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-415-77260-0">ISBN 978-0-415-77260-0</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFSherby2002"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sherby, Louise S.</span> (2002). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoswhoofnobelpr0000unse_p3z8">The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-2000</a></i></cite>. Oryx Press, Westport, Connecticut. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1-57356-414-1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1-57356-414-1">ISBN 1-57356-414-1</a></span>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tarik Fadili: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tarikfadili.nl/upload/file/Interview%20Richard%20van%20Leeuwen.pdf">‘De Arabische poëzie draait om de vorm, de inhoud is ondergeschikt’</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Onbereikbare_externe_links" title="Wikipedia:Onbereikbare externe links">[dode link]</a></sup>. Interview met Richard van Leeuwen, naar aanleiding van de vertaling van <i>Layeli Alf Laylah</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1988/mahfouz-bio.html">Naguib Mahfouz The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988</a> Nobelprize.org</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sherby-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-sherby_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sherby_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sherby_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherby (2002), "Mahfouz, Naguib (Mahfuz, Najib; Abdel Aziz AlSabilgi)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moosa1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-moosa1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moosa1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moosa1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moosa1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moosa1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moosa1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosa (1994), hoofdstuk 1 "The Formative Years"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enany1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-enany1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enany1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enany1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enany1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">El Enany (1993), hoofdstuk 1 "The Writer and His World"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enany2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-enany2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enany2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enany2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">El-Enany (1993), hoofdstuk 2 "Looking Backward to the Present: The Historical Novels"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-datum-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-datum_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosa (1994) geeft 1932 als publicatiedatum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enany2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-enany2016_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">El Enany (2016), inleiding</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siddiq-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-siddiq_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Siddiq (2007), p.11</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">Bibsys</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90182455">90182455</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX931300">XX931300</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12001087k">cb12001087k</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12001087k">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" title="Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522742906706">981058522742906706</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03947395?l=en">DA03947395</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Digitale_Bibliotheek_voor_de_Nederlandse_Letteren" title="Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren">Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/auteurs/auteur.php?id=mahf001">mahf001</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118576259">118576259</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000068755806">0000 0000 6875 5806</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82091918">n82091918</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Letland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000005372&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000005372</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/801e60fc-0695-4e8f-a463-304552bf39e3">801e60fc-0695-4e8f-a463-304552bf39e3</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00448524">00448524</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19992000657&CON_LNG=ENG">jn19992000657</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35322426">35322426</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264967705171">987007264967705171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000001853748">a0000001853748</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_en_Universitaire_bibliotheek_Zagreb" title="Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb">Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000001196&local_base=nsk10">000001196</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068778074">068778074</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000109263">02-A000109263</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=CFIV093786">CFIV093786</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/208307">208307</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vq3nnb">w6vq3nnb</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028111206">028111206</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21527102" class="extiw" title="d:Q21527102">TDVİA</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/necib-mahfuz">necib-mahfuz</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/911345">911345</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/89803944">89803944</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/89803944">89803944</a></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Literatuur"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Literatuur" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie winnaars van de Nobelprijs voor Literatuur"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Literatuur" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Literatuur" title="Nobelprijs voor Literatuur">Nobelprijs voor Literatuur</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Prudhomme</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnson</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Mistral</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre">Echegaray</a> · <span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Sienkiewicz</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Carducci</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Kipling</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Eucken</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Lagerlöf</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Heyse</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Tagore</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Rolland</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1916: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Heidenstam</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Gjellerup</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Pontoppidan</a> · <span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Spitteler</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France_(schrijver)" title="Anatole France (schrijver)">France</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Benavente</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" title="William Butler Yeats">Yeats</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Reymont</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Deledda</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Undset</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mann (hoofdbetekenis)">Mann</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Lewis</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Karlfeldt</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">Galsworthy</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Boenin" title="Ivan Boenin">Boenin</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Gard</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Buck</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Sillanpää</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen" title="Johannes Vilhelm Jensen">Jensen</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Mistral</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/T.S._Eliot" title="T.S. Eliot">Eliot</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Lagerkvist</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">Mauriac</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Laxness</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Jiménez</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Pasternak</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Quasimodo</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Perse</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Andrić</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">Steinbeck</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/George_Seferis" title="George Seferis">Seferis</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a> (geweigerd)</span> · <span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Michail_Sjolochov" title="Michail Sjolochov">Sjolochov</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Sjmoe%C3%ABl_Joseef_Agnon" title="Sjmoeël Joseef Agnon">Agnon</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Sachs</a> · <span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Asturias</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Kawabata</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzjenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzjenitsyn">Solzjenitsyn</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Neruda</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Böll</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">White</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Johnson</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Martinson</a> · <span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Montale</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Aleixandre</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Singer</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Od%C3%BDsseas_El%C3%BDtis" title="Odýsseas Elýtis">Elýtis</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Miłosz</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Canetti</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">García Márquez</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">Golding</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Seifert</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Simon</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Soyinka</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Brodsky</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1988: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahfoez</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Cela</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Paz</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Gordimer</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Walcott</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Morrison</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Kenzaburo_O%C3%AB" title="Kenzaburo Oë">Oë</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Heaney</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Szymborska</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Fo</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">Saramago</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Grass</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/V.S._Naipaul" title="V.S. Naipaul">Naipaul</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Kertész</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/John_Maxwell_Coetzee" title="John Maxwell Coetzee">Coetzee</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Jelinek</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Pinter</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Pamuk</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Lessing</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Gustave_Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio">Le Clézio</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Müller</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Vargas Llosa</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tranströmer</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Munro</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Modiano</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Aleksijevitsj" title="Svetlana Aleksijevitsj">Aleksijevitsj</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Dylan</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Ishiguro</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Tokarczuk</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Handke</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Glück</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Gurnah</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Ernaux</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Fosse</a></span> · </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&oldid=68419849">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagieb_Mahfoez&oldid=68419849</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Egyptisch_schrijver" title="Categorie:Egyptisch schrijver">Egyptisch schrijver</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Winnaar_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Literatuur" title="Categorie:Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Literatuur">Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Literatuur</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Onbereikbare_externe_link" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Onbereikbare externe link">Wikipedia:Onbereikbare externe link</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 23 nov 2024 om 00:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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