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role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_0_high_energy_cosmology_and_astroparticle_physics" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/hecap" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2">High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics</a> <ul class="menu second-level-col"> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_1_homepage" class="menu-item"> <a href="/hecap" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2">Homepage</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_1_about" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-leaf-label"> <span>About</span> <ul class="menu multi-col"> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_overview" class="menu-item"> <a href="/hecap/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">Overview</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_collaborations" class="menu-item"> <a href="/hecap/collaborations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/193">Collaborations</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_news" class="menu-item"> <a href="/hecap/news" 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<a href="/opportunity/ictp-postgraduate-diploma-programme" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/288">Postgraduate Diploma Programme</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_phd_and_sandwich_programmes" class="menu-item"> <a href="/hecap/phd-and-sandwich-programmes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/209">PhD and Sandwich Programmes</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_career_development_programmes" class="menu-item menu-leaf-label"> <span>Career Development Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_laboratory_opportunities" class="menu-item"> <a href="/hecap/laboratory-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/208">Laboratory Opportunities</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_associates_programme" class="menu-item"> <a href="/hecap/associates-programme" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/207">Associates Programme</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_postdoctoral_opportunities" class="menu-item"> <a 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menu-leaf-label"> <span>Educational Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_postgraduate_diploma_programme" class="menu-item"> <a href="/opportunity/ictp-postgraduate-diploma-programme" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/288">Postgraduate Diploma Programme</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_phd_and_sandwich_programmes" class="menu-item"> <a href="/cmsp/phd-and-sandwich-programmes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/249">PhD and Sandwich Programmes</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_career_development_programmes" class="menu-item menu-leaf-label"> <span>Career Development Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_laboratory_opportunities" class="menu-item"> <a href="/cmsp/laboratory-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/250">Laboratory Opportunities</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_associates_programme" class="menu-item"> <a href="/cmsp/associates-programme" 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Overview</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_educational_programmes" class="menu-item menu-leaf-label"> <span>Educational Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_postgraduate_diploma_programme" class="menu-item"> <a href="/opportunity/ictp-postgraduate-diploma-programme" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/288">Postgraduate Diploma Programme</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_phd_and_sandwich_programmes" class="menu-item"> <a href="/math/phd-and-sandwich-programmes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/271">PhD and Sandwich Programmes</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_career_development_programmes" class="menu-item menu-leaf-label"> <span>Career Development Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_associates_programme" class="menu-item"> <a href="/math/associates-programme" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/273">Associates Programme</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" 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menu-leaf-label"> <span>Educational Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_postgraduate_diploma_programme" class="menu-item"> <a href="/opportunity/ictp-postgraduate-diploma-programme" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/288">Postgraduate Diploma Programme</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_masters" class="menu-item"> <a href="/esp/masters-degree-programmes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11579">Masters</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_phd_and_sandwich_programmes" class="menu-item"> <a href="/esp/phd-and-sandwich-programmes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11578">PhD and Sandwich Programmes</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_career_development_programmes" class="menu-item menu-leaf-label"> <span>Career Development Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_laboratory_opportunities" class="menu-item"> <a href="/esp/laboratory-opportunities" 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<span>About</span> <ul class="menu multi-col"> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_overview" class="menu-item"> <a href="/qls/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/729">Overview</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_collaborations" class="menu-item"> <a href="/qls/collaborations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/731">Collaborations</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_news" class="menu-item"> <a href="/qls/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11590">News</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_contacts" class="menu-item"> <a href="/qls/contacts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/732">Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_1_research" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-leaf-label"> <span>Research</span> <ul class="menu multi-col"> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_research_areas" class="menu-item"> <a href="/qls/research-areas" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/733">Research Areas</a> 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multi-col"> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_opportunities_overview" class="menu-item"> <a href="/qls/opportunities-overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/744">Opportunities Overview</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_educational_programmes" class="menu-item menu-leaf-label"> <span>Educational Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_postgraduate_diploma_programme" class="menu-item"> <a href="/opportunity/ictp-postgraduate-diploma-programme" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/288">Postgraduate Diploma Programme</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_phd_and_sandwich_programmes" class="menu-item"> <a href="/qls/phd-and-sandwich-programmes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11593">PhD and Sandwich Programmes</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_career_development_programmes" class="menu-item menu-leaf-label"> <span>Career Development Programmes</span> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" 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role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_1_about" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-leaf-label"> <span>About</span> <ul class="menu multi-col"> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_overview" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/713">Overview</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_collaborations" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/collaborations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/715">Collaborations</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_laboratories" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/laboratories" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/21313">Laboratories</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_news" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11583">News</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_contacts" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/contacts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/716">Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_1_research" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-leaf-label"> <span>Research</span> <ul class="menu multi-col"> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_research_areas" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/research-areas" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/717">Research Areas</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_publications" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/719">Publications</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_2_research_opportunities" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/research-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/720">Research Opportunities</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_1_people" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/714">People</a> </li> <li role="button" tabindex="-1" id="lv_1_scientific_calendar" class="menu-item"> <a href="/sti/scientific-calendar?s%5B4%5D=4" data-drupal-link-query="{&quot;s&quot;:{&quot;4&quot;:&quot;4&quot;}}" 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class="month"> Mar </div> <div class="year"> 2025 </div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-ref-sections single"> <div class="section qls"> Quantitative Life Sciences</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"> <h3 class="event-title">Spring College in the Physics of Complex Systems | (smr 4056)</h3> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-ref-event-location"> <div class="field field--name-name field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Physical</div> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="swiper-pagination" id="hero-upcoming-pagination"></div> <div class="swiper-button-next" id="hero-upcoming-button-next"></div> <div class="swiper-button-prev" id="hero-upcoming-button-prev"></div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p><a href="/home/scientific-calendar">Discover all events</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="lv_1_higher_education_and_career_development" class="hide home"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view 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The Centre supports research groups in several areas of physical sciences and mathematics.</h2> <p>The bulk of the research at the Centre is carried out by the staff of these scientific sections and their consultants, long-term and short-term visitors engaged in independent or collaborative research, a relatively large cadre of post-doctoral fellows, as well as the Associates. The scientific sections are also responsible for organising high-level training courses, workshops, conferences and topical meetings throughout the year.</p> <p><a href="/home/research-fields">View our research areas</a></p> <p>聽</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockinfographic-block-1" id="block-views-block-infographic-block-1"> <div id="block-views-block-infographic-block-1"><div class="view view-infographic view-id-infographic view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-97f2fad3e4de763248a6198ed8acfd86eb15ecc87d0bf559d6f79030313d5b0d"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row list"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Publications</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-ref-infographic"><div class="field-content"> <article role="article" about="/node/11114" class="tohover"> <h2> <a href="/node/11114" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Publications in 2023</span> </a> </h2> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-infographic-number field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">470+</div> <div class="field field--name-field-single-url field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/home/publications">/home/publications</a></div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/node/11115"> <h2> <a href="/node/11115" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Citations of ICTP papers in 2023</span> </a> </h2> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-infographic-number field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">33,600+</div> </div> </article> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockinfographic-block-4" id="block-views-block-infographic-block-4"> <div id="block-views-block-infographic-block-4"><div class="view view-infographic view-id-infographic view-display-id-block_4 js-view-dom-id-96c4fa1d072840c334eb8b9f75ad3e9cab7ebe7275168929cd65d96a2d4efe39"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row list"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Meetings and events</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-ref-infographic"><div class="field-content"> <article role="article" about="/node/11117"> <h2> <a href="/node/11117" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">ICTP Scientific Events, 2023</span> </a> </h2> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-infographic-number field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">61</div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/node/11118"> <h2> <a href="/node/11118" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">ICTP Scientific Events Participants, 2023</span> </a> </h2> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-infographic-number field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">6,269</div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/node/11119"> <h2> <a href="/node/11119" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Countries represented, 2023</span> </a> </h2> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-infographic-number field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">157</div> </div> </article> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockcharts-block-1" id="block-views-block-charts-block-1"> <div id="block-views-block-charts-block-1"><div class="view view-charts view-id-charts view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-03c3d56594ae14baa03f14fc17c85b350f17f6530f5828a4ad223ad0fed3bcab"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-chart-description"><div class="field-content"></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-chart-data"><div class="field-content"></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-content-below"> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockrelated-content-related" id="block-views-block-related-content-related"> <div id="block-views-block-related-content-related"><div class="view view-related-content view-id-related_content view-display-id-related js-view-dom-id-b69771c8e87977b2be680219d8bcf73694120f89c9d92330f5aedb463659722f"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-ref-pages-related"><div class="field-content"> <article role="article" about="/home/education" typeof="schema:WebPage" class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-related-content"> <div class="image"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/big_thumbnail/public/images/StudentatBoard_0.jpg?h=6a9340d0&amp;itok=D-UD0Dk4" width="600" height="600" alt="Student at board" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-big-thumbnail" /> </div> </div> <div class="tile-content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/home/education" rel="bookmark"><span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Education</span> </a> </h2> <div class="summary"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Pre- and postdoc opportunities in physics and mathematics</div> </div> <div class="body"> <div property="schema:text" class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span dir="ltr">ICTP believes that talent is found everywhere; we all gain </span><span dir="ltr">from the diversity of perspectives created by ensuring </span><span dir="ltr">that scientists are empowered and can contribute to </span><span dir="l&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;"></span></p></div> </div> <div class="footer-related-content"> <a href="/home/education">discover more</a> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/home/global-outreach" typeof="schema:WebPage" class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-related-content"> <div class="image"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/big_thumbnail/public/images/EAIFR_Inaug_Poster.jpg?itok=tzDnULZt" width="600" height="600" alt="EAIFR poster" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-big-thumbnail" /> </div> </div> <div class="tile-content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/home/global-outreach" rel="bookmark"><span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Global Outreach</span> </a> </h2> <div class="summary"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Supporting research and training activities in developing countries.</div> </div> <div class="body"> <div property="schema:text" class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>ICTP strives to boost science in developing countries to an international level by encouraging North-South collaboration, and to stimulate networking of scientists in disadvantaged regions to reach a critical mass of researchers through South-Sout</p></div> </div> <div class="footer-related-content"> <a href="/home/global-outreach">discover more</a> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/home/recognising-excellence" typeof="schema:WebPage" class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-related-content"> <div class="image"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/big_thumbnail/public/images/RecogExcellThumb.jpg?itok=7XSUK1cf" width="600" height="600" alt="ICO-ICTP Prize 2015" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-big-thumbnail" /> </div> </div> <div class="tile-content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/home/recognising-excellence" rel="bookmark"><span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Recognising Excellence</span> </a> </h2> <div class="summary"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">ICTP&#039;s prizes and awards</div> </div> <div class="body"> <div property="schema:text" class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h3 class="titolo_3">ICTP maintains a programme of prestigious physics and mathematics prizes that honour top physicists and mathematicians, especially those from developing countries.</h3></div> </div> <div class="footer-related-content"> <a href="/home/recognising-excellence">discover more</a> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/home/supporting-gender-equality" typeof="schema:WebPage" class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-related-content"> <div class="image"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/big_thumbnail/public/images/39347314525_b69c95ea48_b.jpeg?itok=HFCuHFLu" width="600" height="600" alt="woman" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-big-thumbnail" /> </div> </div> <div class="tile-content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/home/supporting-gender-equality" rel="bookmark"><span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Supporting Gender Equality</span> </a> </h2> <div class="summary"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">ICTP strives to attract and retain female scientists.</div> </div> <div class="body"> <div property="schema:text" class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Why are there still fewer women than men in science? In a world where just 30% of researchers are women, the reasons are many, ranging from the challenge of balancing family life and career to a lack of childcare support and role models.</p></div> </div> <div class="footer-related-content"> <a href="/home/supporting-gender-equality">discover more</a> </div> </div> </article> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer--section footer_1"> <div> <div class="flogos"> <a href="/"> <img width="516" height="165" src="/themes/custom/ictp/assets/loghi/newlogo-white.png" alt="logo-ictp-white"> <link rel="preload" as="image" href="/themes/custom/ictp/assets/loghi/newlogo-white.png"> </a> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-ictp-sociallink-menu" id="block-ictp-sociallink" class="block block-menu navigation menu--social-link"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-ictp-sociallink-menu">Social link</h2> <ul id="block-ictp-sociallink" class="sociallink menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ictp.page">Facebook</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/ictpnews">Twitter</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ICTPchannel/featured">Youtube</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ictp.news/">Instagram</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/abdus-salam-international-centre-for-theoretical-physics-ictp-/">Linkedin</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ictpimages/albums/with/72157655087163664">Flickr</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="footer--members"> <h2>Governing members</h2> <p>ICTP is governed by the IAEA, Italy and UNESCO, and is a UNESCO Category 1 Institute.</p> <div class="footer--loghi"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iaea.org/"> <img width="200" height="200" src="/themes/custom/ictp/assets/loghi/logo-iaea-white.svg" alt="logo-iaea-white"> <link rel="preload" as="image" href="/themes/custom/ictp/assets/loghi/logo-iaea-white.svg"> </a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.governo.it/"> <img width="200" height="200" src="/themes/custom/ictp/assets/loghi/logo-repubblica-italiana-white.svg" alt="logo-repubblica-italiana-white"> <link rel="preload" as="image" href="/themes/custom/ictp/assets/loghi/logo-repubblica-italiana-white.svg"> </a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.unesco.org/"> <img width="200" height="200" src="/themes/custom/ictp/assets/loghi/logo-unesco-white-2.svg" alt="logo-unesco-white"> <link rel="preload" as="image" href="/themes/custom/ictp/assets/loghi/logo-unesco-white-2.svg"> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-footer-2"> <div id="block-ictp-joinournewsletter" class="block block-block-content block-block-content539e72ed-5a96-449a-8511-78360e87b93f"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h3>E-News from ICTP</h3> <p>Stay up-to-date with ICTP's latest news, activities and events by subscribing to our monthly e-newsletter.</p> <p><a class="btn" href="https://e-applications.ictp.it/news/subscription">Subscribe</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="block-ictp-donate" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentfd4076e8-0135-45f2-821a-8c738bd4f1b7"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Your support is essential to advance international cooperation through science. 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