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Biochar Amendments Changed Soil Properties and Improved Cereal Crop Growth Under Salt Stress | Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Biochar Amendments Changed Soil Properties and Improved Cereal Crop Growth Under Salt Stress | Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition </title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biochar Amendments Changed Soil Properties and Improved Cereal Crop Growth Under Salt Stress"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition - Salt stress is a serious problem in agriculture especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aimed to determine the responses of soil..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42729-023-01453-7/MediaObjects/42729_2023_1453_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="42729"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Biochar Amendments Changed Soil Properties and Improved Cereal Crop Growth Under Salt Stress"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2023 23:4"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2023-08-31"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2023 The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2023 The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Salt stress is a serious problem in agriculture especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aimed to determine the responses of soil properties and wheat plants to salt stress (SS) under biochar amendments. The experiment was conducted in pots under controlled conditions. Each pot had a 3&nbsp;kg soil capacity and was sown with seven grains of Durum wheat (Var. Vitron). After 30&nbsp;days of sowing, the plants were exposed to three SS levels based on NaCl concentrations (SS0 = 0 g L−1, SS1 = 4 g L−1 and S3 = 9 g L−1), under the application of three biochar doses (B0 = 0 g kg−1, B1 = 5 g kg−1 and B2 = 15 g kg−1). For different soil parameters and plant traits, Tukey post-hoc tests (HSD) were applied to carry out multiple comparisons of means among biochar doses, SS levels and their combinations. The statistical significance threshold was set to p &lt; 0.05. Salt stress slightly reduced soil pH and NO3‒ while causing an increase in soil moisture, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and total CaCO3. The use of biochar improved all measured soil parameters. Plants under SS gained height and leaf surface area (LSA), however SS produced a decrease in areal biomass, relative water content (RWC) and total chlorophyll. Biochar amendments were effective in increasing plant height, LSA, RWC and total chlorophyll. The two biochar doses applied in this study had almost similar effects on the measured soil parameters with a slight superiority of B1 dose for soil moisture, pH and NO3‒. However, the improvement of wheat plant traits was directly associated with the increase in biochar doses. Our findings indicated that the application of biochar as a soil amendment in agricultural lands irrigated with saline water helps to improve wheat crop growth and soil quality in arid and semi-arid regions. Long-term studies on biochar amendments can help to better understand the response of saline soils and crops to environmental stressors such as drought, heat and salinity."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="0718-9516"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2023-08-31"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="23"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="4"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="4912"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="4925"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2023 The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="J Soil Sci Plant Nutr"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer International Publishing"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0718-9516"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Biochar Amendments Changed Soil Properties and Improved Cereal Crop Growth Under Salt Stress"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="23"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="4"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/12"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2023/08/31"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="4912"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="4925"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Original Paper"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7"/> <meta name="size" content="316961"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Salt stress is a serious problem in agriculture especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aimed to determine the responses of soil properties an"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Ababsa, Nawal"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Boudjabi, Sonia"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Chenchouni, Haroun"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Plant Sciences"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Soil Science & Conservation"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Agriculture"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Environment, general"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Ecology"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ecotoxicol Environ Saf; citation_title=Biochar application increased the growth and yield and reduced cadmium in drought stressed wheat grown in an aged contaminated soil; citation_author=T Abbas, M Rizwan, S Ali, M Adrees, A Mahmood, M Zia-ur-Rehman; citation_volume=148; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=825-833; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.063; citation_id=CR1"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J King Saud Univ Sci; citation_title=Halotolerant PGPR: A hope for cultivation of saline soils; citation_author=R Abbas, S Rasul, K Aslam, M Baber, M Shahid, F Mubeen, T Naqqash; citation_volume=31; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=1195-1201; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jksus.2019.02.019; citation_id=CR2"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Plant Soil Environ; citation_title=Effects of rice husk biochar application on the properties of alkaline soil and lentil growth; citation_author=S Abrishamkesh, M Gorji, H Asadi, GH Bagheri-Marandi, AA Pourbabaee; citation_volume=61; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=475-482; citation_doi=10.17221/117/2015-PSE; citation_id=CR3"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Agron Crop Sci; citation_title=Biochar Mitigates Salinity Stress in Potato; citation_author=SS Akhtar, MN Andersen, F Liu; citation_volume=201; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=368-378; citation_doi=10.1111/jac.12132; citation_id=CR4"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Agron Sustain Dev; citation_title=Enhanced wheat yield by biochar addition under different mineral fertilization levels; citation_author=JA Alburquerque, P Salazar, V Barrón, J Torrent, MDC Campillo, A Gallardo, R Villar; citation_volume=33; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=475-484; citation_doi=10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3; citation_id=CR5"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Agronomy; citation_title=Biochar and its broad impacts in soil quality and fertility nutrient leaching and crop productivity: a review; citation_author=HM Alkharabsheh, MF Seleiman, ML Battaglia, A Shami, RS Jalal, BA Alhammad, KF Almutairi, AM Al-Saif; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=993; citation_doi=10.3390/agronomy11050993; citation_id=CR6"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Biochar and soil physical health; citation_inbook_title=Biochar – An imperative amendment for soil and the environment; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=21-33; citation_id=CR7; citation_author=KS Are; citation_publisher=IntechOpen"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Field Crops Res; citation_title=Biochar improves phosphorus use efficiency of organic-inorganic fertilizers, maize-wheat productivity and soil quality in a low fertility alkaline soil; citation_author=M Arif, M Ilyas, M Riaz, K Ali, K Shah, IU Haq, S Fahad; citation_volume=214; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=25-37; citation_doi=10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.018; citation_id=CR8"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Field Crops Res; citation_title=Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos: 1. 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This study aimed to determine the responses of soil properties and wheat plants to salt stress (SS) under biochar amendments. The experiment was conducted in pots under controlled conditions. Each pot had a 3 kg soil capacity and was sown with seven grains of Durum wheat (Var. Vitron). After 30 days of sowing, the plants were exposed to three SS levels based on NaCl concentrations (SS0 = 0 g L−1, SS1 = 4 g L−1 and S3 = 9 g L−1), under the application of three biochar doses (B0 = 0 g kg−1, B1 = 5 g kg−1 and B2 = 15 g kg−1). For different soil parameters and plant traits, Tukey post-hoc tests (HSD) were applied to carry out multiple comparisons of means among biochar doses, SS levels and their combinations. The statistical significance threshold was set to p < 0.05. Salt stress slightly reduced soil pH and NO3‒ while causing an increase in soil moisture, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and total CaCO3. The use of biochar improved all measured soil parameters. Plants under SS gained height and leaf surface area (LSA), however SS produced a decrease in areal biomass, relative water content (RWC) and total chlorophyll. Biochar amendments were effective in increasing plant height, LSA, RWC and total chlorophyll. The two biochar doses applied in this study had almost similar effects on the measured soil parameters with a slight superiority of B1 dose for soil moisture, pH and NO3‒. However, the improvement of wheat plant traits was directly associated with the increase in biochar doses. Our findings indicated that the application of biochar as a soil amendment in agricultural lands irrigated with saline water helps to improve wheat crop growth and soil quality in arid and semi-arid regions. Long-term studies on biochar amendments can help to better understand the response of saline soils and crops to environmental stressors such as drought, heat and salinity."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42729-023-01453-7/MediaObjects/42729_2023_1453_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta 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This study aimed to determine the responses of soil properties and wheat plants to salt stress (SS) under biochar amendments. The experiment was conducted in pots under controlled conditions. Each pot had a 3 kg soil capacity and was sown with seven grains of Durum wheat (Var. Vitron). After 30 days of sowing, the plants were exposed to three SS levels based on NaCl concentrations (SS0 = 0 g L−1, SS1 = 4 g L−1 and S3 = 9 g L−1), under the application of three biochar doses (B0 = 0 g kg−1, B1 = 5 g kg−1 and B2 = 15 g kg−1). For different soil parameters and plant traits, Tukey post-hoc tests (HSD) were applied to carry out multiple comparisons of means among biochar doses, SS levels and their combinations. The statistical significance threshold was set to p < 0.05. Salt stress slightly reduced soil pH and NO3‒ while causing an increase in soil moisture, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and total CaCO3. The use of biochar improved all measured soil parameters. Plants under SS gained height and leaf surface area (LSA), however SS produced a decrease in areal biomass, relative water content (RWC) and total chlorophyll. Biochar amendments were effective in increasing plant height, LSA, RWC and total chlorophyll. The two biochar doses applied in this study had almost similar effects on the measured soil parameters with a slight superiority of B1 dose for soil moisture, pH and NO3‒. However, the improvement of wheat plant traits was directly associated with the increase in biochar doses. Our findings indicated that the application of biochar as a soil amendment in agricultural lands irrigated with saline water helps to improve wheat crop growth and soil quality in arid and semi-arid regions. Long-term studies on biochar amendments can help to better understand the response of saline soils and crops to environmental stressors such as drought, heat and salinity.","datePublished":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"4912","pageEnd":"4925","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7","keywords":["Cereal crops","Soil features","Biochar","Salt stress","Plant physiological adaptations","Plant stress alleviation","Plant Sciences","Soil Science & 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alt=""> </picture> <span class="app-article-masthead__journal-title">Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition</span> </a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/42729/aims-and-scope" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_aims_and_scope" data-track-action="aims and scope" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> Aims and scope <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/jssp" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_submit_manuscript" data-track-context="article masthead on springerlink article page" data-track-action="submit manuscript" data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Nawal-Ababsa-Aff1-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Nawal-Ababsa-Aff1-Aff2" data-author-search="Ababsa, Nawal">Nawal Ababsa</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-6619"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-6619</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a>,<a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na1">na1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Sonia-Boudjabi-Aff2-Aff3-Aff4" data-author-popup="auth-Sonia-Boudjabi-Aff2-Aff3-Aff4" data-author-search="Boudjabi, Sonia">Sonia Boudjabi</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-3737"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-3737</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a>,<a href="#Aff3">3</a>,<a href="#Aff4">4</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na1">na1</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Haroun-Chenchouni-Aff2-Aff5" data-author-popup="auth-Haroun-Chenchouni-Aff2-Aff5" data-author-search="Chenchouni, Haroun" data-corresp-id="c1">Haroun Chenchouni<svg 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width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-citations-medium"></use> </svg>10 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Citations</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Salt stress is a serious problem in agriculture especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aimed to determine the responses of soil properties and wheat plants to salt stress (SS) under biochar amendments. The experiment was conducted in pots under controlled conditions. Each pot had a 3 kg soil capacity and was sown with seven grains of Durum wheat (Var. Vitron). After 30 days of sowing, the plants were exposed to three SS levels based on NaCl concentrations (SS0 = 0 g L<sup>−1</sup>, SS1 = 4 g L<sup>−1</sup> and S3 = 9 g L<sup>−1</sup>), under the application of three biochar doses (B0 = 0 g kg<sup>−1</sup>, B1 = 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> and B2 = 15 g kg<sup>−1</sup>). For different soil parameters and plant traits, Tukey post-hoc tests (HSD) were applied to carry out multiple comparisons of means among biochar doses, SS levels and their combinations. The statistical significance threshold was set to <i>p</i> < 0.05. Salt stress slightly reduced soil pH and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‒</sup> while causing an increase in soil moisture, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and total CaCO<sub>3</sub>. The use of biochar improved all measured soil parameters. Plants under SS gained height and leaf surface area (LSA), however SS produced a decrease in areal biomass, relative water content (RWC) and total chlorophyll. Biochar amendments were effective in increasing plant height, LSA, RWC and total chlorophyll. The two biochar doses applied in this study had almost similar effects on the measured soil parameters with a slight superiority of B1 dose for soil moisture, pH and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‒</sup>. However, the improvement of wheat plant traits was directly associated with the increase in biochar doses. Our findings indicated that the application of biochar as a soil amendment in agricultural lands irrigated with saline water helps to improve wheat crop growth and soil quality in arid and semi-arid regions. Long-term studies on biochar amendments can help to better understand the response of saline soils and crops to environmental stressors such as drought, heat and salinity.</p></div></div></section> <div class="c-notes"> <p class="c-notes__text c-status-message--info"> <svg width="24" height="24" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="c-status-message__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium"></use> </svg> This is a preview of subscription content, <a id="test-login-banner-link" href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs42729-023-01453-7%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3Db6767497-4e01-4908-8a67-cbd20036bab4" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-label="link" class="c-preview-message__link">log in via an institution</a> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon c-external-link__icon"> 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'NA', timestamp: 1739778331, embedded_user: 'null' } }); </script> <section data-title="Data Availability"><div class="c-article-section" id="data-availability-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="data-availability">Data Availability</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="data-availability-content"> <p>The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.</p> </div></div></section><section data-title="Abbreviations"><div class="c-article-section" id="abbreviations-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="abbreviations">Abbreviations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="abbreviations-content"><dl class="c-abbreviation_list"><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>AGB:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Dry aboveground biomass</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>B (0, 1, 2):</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Biochar (doses)</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>Chl <i>a</i> + <i>b</i> :</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Total chlorophyll content</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>EC:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Electrical conductivity</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>FW:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Fresh weight</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>GLMM:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Generalized linear mixed-effects model</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>HSD:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Tukey post-hoc tests</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>LSA:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Leaf surface area</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>‒</sup> :</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Nitrates</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>pH:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Potential hydrogen</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>RDA:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Redundancy analysis</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>RWC:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Relative water content</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>SD:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Standard deviation</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>SM:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Soil moisture</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>SOC:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Soil organic carbon</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>SS (0, 1, 2):</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Salt stress (levels)</p> </dd><dt class="c-abbreviation_list__term u-text-bold u-float-left u-pr-16" style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>TCCE:</dfn></dt><dd class="c-abbreviation_list__description u-mb-24"> <p>Total calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) equivalent</p> </dd></dl></div></div></section><div id="MagazineFulltextArticleBodySuffix"><section aria-labelledby="Bib1" data-title="References"><div class="c-article-section" id="Bib1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Bib1">References</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Bib1-content"><div data-container-section="references"><ul class="c-article-references" data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li class="c-article-references__item 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aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><span class="c-article-author-information__subtitle u-visually-hidden" id="author-notes">Author notes</span><ol class="c-article-author-information__list"><li class="c-article-author-information__item" id="na1"><p>Nawal Ababsa and Sonia Boudjabi are contributed equally to this work.</p></li></ol><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Khenchela, El-Hamma, 40016, Khenchela, Algeria</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Nawal Ababsa</p></li><li id="Aff2"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments ‘RNAMS’, University of Oum El Bouaghi, 04000, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Nawal Ababsa, Sonia Boudjabi & Haroun Chenchouni</p></li><li id="Aff3"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, 12002, Tebessa, Algeria</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Sonia Boudjabi</p></li><li id="Aff4"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Laboratory “Water and Environment”, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, 12002, Tebessa, Algeria</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Sonia Boudjabi</p></li><li id="Aff5"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Forest Management, Higher National School of Forests, 40000, Khenchela, Algeria</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Haroun Chenchouni</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Nawal-Ababsa-Aff1-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Nawal Ababsa</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Nawal%20Ababsa" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Nawal%20Ababsa" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Nawal%20Ababsa%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Sonia-Boudjabi-Aff2-Aff3-Aff4"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Sonia Boudjabi</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a 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rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Haroun%20Chenchouni%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li></ol></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="contributions">Contributions</h3><p>Nawal Ababsa and Sonia Boudjabi: are co-first authors with equal contribution (Conceptualization; Methodology; Resources; Investigation; Writing – Original Draft Preparation; Writing – Review & Editing). Haroun Chenchouni: Conceptualization; Resources; Formal Analysis; Visualization; Writing – Original Draft; Writing – Review & Editing.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="corresponding-author">Corresponding author</h3><p id="corresponding-author-list">Correspondence to <a id="corresp-c1" href="mailto:chenchouni@gmail.com">Haroun Chenchouni</a>.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Ethics declarations"><div class="c-article-section" id="ethics-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="ethics">Ethics declarations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="ethics-content"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="FPar1">Competing Interests</h3> <p>The authors declare that they have no competing interest.</p> </div></div></section><section data-title="Additional information"><div class="c-article-section" id="additional-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="additional-information">Additional information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="additional-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Publisher's Note</h3><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Highlights</h3><p>• Biochar induced and increase in soil pH and electrical conductivity for wheat cultivation.</p><p>• Biochar amendments effectively improved height, LSA, RWC and Chl <i>a</i> + <i>b</i> in wheat plants.</p><p>• High NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‒</sup> levels were marked by the interaction of the biochar dose 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> with salt stress.</p><p>• Salinity induced a reduction in RWC, however biochar application improved RWC up to 50.2%.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Rights and permissions"><div class="c-article-section" id="rightslink-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="rightslink">Rights and permissions</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="rightslink-content"><p>Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</p><p class="c-article-rights"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="view rights and permissions" data-track-label="link" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Biochar%20Amendments%20Changed%20Soil%20Properties%20and%20Improved%20Cereal%20Crop%20Growth%20Under%20Salt%20Stress&author=Nawal%20Ababsa%20et%20al&contentID=10.1007%2Fs42729-023-01453-7&copyright=The%20Author%28s%29%20under%20exclusive%20licence%20to%20Sociedad%20Chilena%20de%20la%20Ciencia%20del%20Suelo&publication=0718-9508&publicationDate=2023-08-31&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true">Reprints and permissions</a></p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="article-info" data-title="About this article"><div class="c-article-section" id="article-info-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="article-info">About this article</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="article-info-content"><div class="c-bibliographic-information"><div class="u-hide-print c-bibliographic-information__column c-bibliographic-information__column--border"><a data-crossmark="10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7" data-track="click" data-track-action="Click Crossmark" data-track-label="link" data-test="crossmark"><img loading="lazy" width="57" height="81" alt="Check for updates. 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id="citeas">Cite this article</h3><p class="c-bibliographic-information__citation">Ababsa, N., Boudjabi, S. & Chenchouni, H. Biochar Amendments Changed Soil Properties and Improved Cereal Crop Growth Under Salt Stress. <i>J Soil Sci Plant Nutr</i> <b>23</b>, 4912–4925 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Received<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2023-02-21">21 February 2023</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Accepted<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2023-08-22">22 August 2023</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Published<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2023-08-31">31 August 2023</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Issue Date<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2023-12">December 2023</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width"><p><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</abbr><span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value">https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01453-7</span></p></li></ul><div 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href="/search?query=Biochar&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Biochar</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Salt%20stress&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Salt stress</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Plant%20physiological%20adaptations&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Plant physiological adaptations</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Plant%20stress%20alleviation&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Plant stress alleviation</a></span></li></ul><div data-component="article-info-list"></div></div></div></div></div></section> 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