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id="toc-Background_and_childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_musical_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_musical_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early musical career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_musical_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arson_of_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arson_of_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Arson of churches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arson_of_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bergens_Tidende_article" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bergens_Tidende_article"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Bergens Tidende article </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bergens_Tidende_article-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Murder_of_Euronymous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murder_of_Euronymous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Murder of Euronymous </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murder_of_Euronymous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imprisonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imprisonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Imprisonment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imprisonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_after_prison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_after_prison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Life after prison </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_after_prison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Writing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lords_of_Chaos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lords_of_Chaos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Lords of Chaos </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lords_of_Chaos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_Burzum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_Burzum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 As Burzum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_Burzum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Other appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Varg Vikernes</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" > 53 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%BA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فارغ فيكرنس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فارغ فيكرنس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varq_Vikernes" title="Varq Vikernes – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Varq Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ورق ویکرنس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ورق ویکرنس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Варг Вікернес – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Варг Вікернес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Варг Викернес – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Варг Викернес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Викернес Варг – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Викернес Варг" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Βαργκ Βίκερνες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαργκ Βίκερνες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="وارگ ویکرنس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وارگ ویکرنس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EA%B7%B8_%EB%B9%84%EC%BC%80%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="바르그 비케르네스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바르그 비케르네스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="וארג ויקרנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וארג ויקרנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Варг Викернес – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Варг Викернес" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargs_Vikerness" title="Vargs Vikerness – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vargs Vikerness" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فارج فيكرنس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فارج فيكرنس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9" title="ヴァルグ・ヴィーケネス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァルグ・ヴィーケネス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li 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English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Кристијан Викернес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристијан Викернес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Varg Vikernes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes – Tatar" lang="tt" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norwegian murderer and musician (born 1973)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Varg Vikernes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Varg_Vikernes-3_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Varg Vikernes in his mid-thirties wearing a camouflage hat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Varg_Vikernes-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Varg_Vikernes-3_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Varg_Vikernes-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Varg_Vikernes-3_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Varg_Vikernes-3_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Varg_Vikernes-3_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="667" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Vikernes in prison, 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Kristian Vikernes</div> (1973-02-11) 11 February 1973 (age 51) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Fana" title="Fana">Fana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen Municipality">Bergen</a>, Norway</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Count Grishnackh</li> <li>Greifi Grishnackh</li> <li>The Count</li> <li>Greven</li> <li>Gandalf The White</li> <li>Louis Cachet</li> <li>Varg Qisling Larssøn Vikernes</li> <li>ThuleanPerspective</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Musician</li><li>writer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1988–present</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Early Norwegian black metal scene</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Church_arson#Norway" title="Church arson">church arson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Euronymous" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of Euronymous">murder of Euronymous</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Marie Cachet</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2007)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">dark ambient</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Guitar</li><li>bass</li><li>drums</li><li>synthesizer</li><li>keyboards</li><li>vocals</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Kalashnikov</li><li>Uruk-Hai</li><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Funeral" title="Old Funeral">Old Funeral</a></li><li>Satanel</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Criminal information<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charge</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_(Norwegian_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder (Norwegian law)">First-degree murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a>, and possession of 150 kg of <a href="/wiki/Explosives" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosives">explosives</a> (1994)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_ethnic_or_racial_hatred" title="Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred">inciting racial hatred</a> (2013)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>21 years in prison (1994)</li><li>6 months <a href="/wiki/Probation" title="Probation">probation</a> and a €8,000 fine (2013)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thuleanperspective.com">thuleanperspective.com</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://burzum.org">burzum.org</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Varg_Vikernes%27_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Varg_Vikernes%27_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="97" data-file-height="57" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Louis Cachet (born Kristian Vikernes;<a href="#cite_note-note1-3">[a]</a> 11 February 1973), better known as Varg Vikernes (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Norwegian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">[ˈvɑrɡ ˈvìːkəɳeːs]</a>), is a Norwegian musician and author best known for his early <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a> albums and later crimes. His first five records, released under the name <a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a> from 1992 to 1996, made him one of the most influential figures in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">early Norwegian black metal scene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> He was convicted of murder and arson in 1994 and sentenced to 21 years in prison, being released after serving 15 years.<a href="#cite_note-TV2-nyhetene-7">[6]</a> A native of <a href="/wiki/Fana" title="Fana">Fana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen Municipality">Bergen Municipality</a>, Vikernes began playing guitar at the age of 14 and formed his first band, Kalashnikov (later known as Uruk-Hai), by 1989.<a href="#cite_note-burzum_origin-8">[7]</a> He went on to join the band <a href="/wiki/Old_Funeral" title="Old Funeral">Old Funeral</a>, in which he played guitar from 1989 until his departure in 1991. He recorded multiple tracks with the band, which were featured on the Devoured Carcass <a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">EP</a>, as well as various compilation albums released years later. In 1992, Vikernes, along with other members of the scene, was suspected of burning down four Christian churches in Norway. Vikernes denied committing the arsons, though he supported them. In 1992–1993, he also recorded bass for <a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a>'s debut studio album <a href="/wiki/De_Mysteriis_Dom_Sathanas" title="De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas">De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas</a> (1994). In August 1993, Vikernes fatally stabbed Mayhem guitarist <a href="/wiki/Euronymous" title="Euronymous">Euronymous</a> during an altercation at the latter's apartment, and was arrested shortly after. In May 1994, Vikernes was convicted of <a href="/wiki/First-degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="First-degree murder">first-degree murder</a>, church arson and possession of explosives. Vikernes has always maintained the killing was <a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">self-defense</a>, and unsuccessfully argued for the charge to be reduced to <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_manslaughter" title="Voluntary manslaughter">voluntary manslaughter</a>. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison, the maximum penalty under Norwegian law. During his incarceration, Vikernes launched the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> organisation <a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Norwegian Heathen Front</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GC205-9">[8]</a> had two books published, and released two <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient</a> albums as Burzum.<a href="#cite_note-GC204-10">[9]</a> In 2009, he was released on parole,<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> after which he moved to France with his wife and children, where he has continued to write and make music. He was also an active video blogger on his <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channel ThuleanPerspective, before the channel was banned by the platform.<a href="#cite_note-YouTube_MetalStorm-13">[12]</a> Described by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Dunn" title="Sam Dunn">Sam Dunn</a> as "the most notorious metal musician of all time",<a href="#cite_note-notorious-14">[13]</a> Vikernes remains controversial for his crimes as well as his political and religious views. He promoted views which combined <a href="/wiki/Odinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Odinism">Odinism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a>, and openly embraced Nazism during the mid-to-late 1990s. He has since disavowed the ideology and its associated movements, although critics continue to label his views as <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Vikernes calls his beliefs "<a href="/wiki/Othala" title="Othala">Odalism</a>" and defends a "<a href="/wiki/Pre-industrial_society" title="Pre-industrial society">pre-industrial</a> European <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> society" that opposes the <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> and systems such as <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_materialism" title="Economic materialism">materialism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IBT-16">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_and_childhood">Background and childhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background and childhood">edit</a>]</div> In the interviews printed in the 1998 book <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(book)" title="Lords of Chaos (book)">Lords of Chaos</a>, Vikernes discusses his background and childhood. Lords of Chaos also includes an interview with his mother, Helene Bore (the book and a newspaper depicted there refer to her with the given name Lene,<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> whereas Vikernes' own website uses the name Helene<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a>). In a 2004 interview, Vikernes said his mother was "working in a large oil company". His father is an electronics engineer, and his older brother is a civil engineer.<a href="#cite_note-LoC148-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-BZINT-20">[19]</a> In the Lords of Chaos interview, Vikernes recalls that when he was 6 years old, the family moved for about a year to <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, Iraq, because Vikernes' "father was working for <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>" developing a computer program.<a href="#cite_note-LoC147-21">[20]</a> Since there were no places available in the English school in Baghdad, the young Vikernes went to an Iraqi elementary school during this time. According to his interview, Vikernes here became "aware of racial matters".<a href="#cite_note-LoC148-19">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">Corporal punishment</a> was very common in the school, and on one occasion, Vikernes had a "quarrel" with a teacher and called him "a monkey". But as Vikernes perceived it the teachers "didn't dare to hit me because I was white".<a href="#cite_note-LoC148-19">[18]</a> Vikernes' mother also recalls that "the other children in his class would get slapped by their teachers; he would not".<a href="#cite_note-LoC142-22">[21]</a> She mentions that this created problems, but generally she "has no good explanation" of how Varg developed his views.<a href="#cite_note-LoC144-23">[22]</a> When asked about his father, Vikernes states that he was hysterical that his son "had a <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a> flag at home".<a href="#cite_note-LoC147-21">[20]</a> Vikernes feels that his father was a hypocrite because he was worried about Vikernes "being a Nazi", whereas he too was "pissed about all the colored people he saw in town".<a href="#cite_note-LoC147-21">[20]</a> About his mother, Vikernes states that she was "very race conscious", in the sense that she was afraid that Vikernes "was going to come home with a black girl!"<a href="#cite_note-LoC146-24">[23]</a> At the time of the 1995 Lords of Chaos interview, Vikernes still had a positive relationship with his mother but "very little contact" with his father.<a href="#cite_note-LoC147-21">[20]</a> He also stated that his parents are divorced; Vikernes' father is said to have "left about 10 years ago", which would have been 1985, when Vikernes was 11 or 12.<a href="#cite_note-LoC147-21">[20]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_White_Power" title="Encyclopedia of White Power">Encyclopedia of White Power</a><a href="#cite_note-XC319-25">[24]</a> and historian <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Goodrick-Clarke" title="Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke">Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke</a><a href="#cite_note-GC204-10">[9]</a> have both alleged that Vikernes was part of the <a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">neo-Nazi skinhead</a> culture as an adolescent.<a href="#cite_note-GC204-10">[9]</a> When asked in the Lords of Chaos interview whether he hung out with skinheads in Bergen, Vikernes said that "there were no skinheads in Bergen".<a href="#cite_note-LoC149-26">[25]</a> According to an interview posted on his official website, Vikernes' facial scar was caused by a skiing accident when he was 11 years old.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> A fan of classical music as a child (<a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a> in particular), Vikernes started listening to <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> at 12, citing <a href="/wiki/Iron_Maiden" title="Iron Maiden">Iron Maiden</a> as his biggest inspiration.<a href="#cite_note-Heart_of_Darkness-28">[27]</a> Later, he discovered other metal bands whose sound would be influential on his own band, such as <a href="/wiki/Kreator" title="Kreator">Kreator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodom_(band)" title="Sodom (band)">Sodom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Frost" title="Celtic Frost">Celtic Frost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bathory_(band)" title="Bathory (band)">Bathory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Destruction_(band)" title="Destruction (band)">Destruction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megadeth" title="Megadeth">Megadeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pestilence_(band)" title="Pestilence (band)">Pestilence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deicide_(band)" title="Deicide (band)">Deicide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Von_(band)" title="Von (band)">Von</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Heart_of_Darkness-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Although <a href="/wiki/Venom_(band)" title="Venom (band)">Venom</a> are widely considered the primary influence on black metal, Vikernes has always denied to be influenced by them, as well as defining the band as "a joke". He once wore a T-shirt of Venom's <a href="/wiki/Black_Metal_(Venom_album)" title="Black Metal (Venom album)">Black Metal</a> to promote the genre but stated he later regretted doing that.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> From an early age, Vikernes was also deeply fascinated with the fictional realm of <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a> created by <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>. His stage name, Grishnakh, is taken from that of an orc in <a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a>, while the band name Burzum, meaning "darkness", was taken from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Speech" title="Black Speech">Black Speech</a> inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a>. The inscription read "Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul, ash nazg thrakatulûk agh burzum-ishi krimpatul", or in English, "One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them." Additionally, before joining the Bergen <a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">death metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Old_Funeral" title="Old Funeral">Old Funeral</a>, he was in a band called Uruk-Hai, which was named for a type of <a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">orc</a> from Tolkien's writing.<a href="#cite_note-burzum_origin-8">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_musical_career">Early musical career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early musical career">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a></div> Vikernes started playing guitar at the age of 14.<a href="#cite_note-LoC149-26">[25]</a> When he was 17, Vikernes came into contact with members of Old Funeral. He played guitar with them during 1990–1991 and performed on their Devoured Carcass EP before he began his solo musical project, <a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a>, and quickly became involved with the <a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">early Norwegian black metal scene</a>. During 1992–1993, he recorded four albums as Burzum.<a href="#cite_note-:0-31">[30]</a> Vikernes has stated that for the recording of these early albums he used an old <a href="/wiki/Westone_(guitars)" title="Westone (guitars)">Westone</a> guitar, which he had bought in 1987 from an acquaintance.<a href="#cite_note-burzummusic-32">[31]</a> He used the cheapest bass guitar there was in his local shop and borrowed a drum kit from Old Funeral, the successor band <a href="/wiki/Immortal_(band)" title="Immortal (band)">Immortal</a>, and "another musician living nearby".<a href="#cite_note-burzummusic-32">[31]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Hvis_lyset_tar_oss" title="Hvis lyset tar oss">Hvis lyset tar oss</a>, he also borrowed <a href="/wiki/Hellhammer_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellhammer (musician)">Hellhammer</a>'s drum kit, the same one Hellhammer used to record <a href="/wiki/De_Mysteriis_Dom_Sathanas" title="De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas">De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> He used a <a href="/wiki/Peavey_Electronics" title="Peavey Electronics">Peavey</a> amplifier, but for the recording of <a href="/wiki/Filosofem" title="Filosofem">Filosofem</a>, he used the amplifier on his brother's stereo and some old fuzz pedals.<a href="#cite_note-burzummusic-32">[31]</a> For vocals, he would use whatever microphone the sound tech handed him, but during the recording of Filosofem, he intentionally used the worst mic they had, a headset mic.<a href="#cite_note-burzummusic-32">[31]</a> On the track "Dungeons of Darkness", he used the large gong at <a href="/wiki/Grieghallen" class="mw-redirect" title="Grieghallen">Grieghallen</a> for background noise (<a href="/wiki/Euronymous" title="Euronymous">Euronymous</a> assisted him by beating his fists on it).<a href="#cite_note-burzummusic-32">[31]</a> In 1992, Vikernes joined the black metal band <a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a>, a year after band member <a href="/wiki/Per_%22Dead%22_Ohlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Per "Dead" Ohlin">Dead</a> committed suicide on 8 April 1991.<a href="#cite_note-:0-31">[30]</a> Vikernes replaced bassist <a href="/wiki/Necrobutcher" title="Necrobutcher">Necrobutcher</a>, who quit the band because of Euronymous' treatment of Dead's suicide. Vikernes has distanced himself from his black metal past, claiming he "came under the influence of an absolute degenerate loser, <a href="/wiki/Euronymous" title="Euronymous">Øystein</a>", and blaming his past actions and "degeneracy" on the negative influence of others in the scene. In a 2020 blog post, Vikernes wrote that he had many differences with others in the black metal scene from the beginning; they did not care for his political opinions or rifle collection, and he changed his beliefs to fit in.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arson_of_churches">Arson of churches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arson of churches">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bergen,_Fantoft2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bergen%2C_Fantoft2.jpg/220px-Bergen%2C_Fantoft2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bergen%2C_Fantoft2.jpg/330px-Bergen%2C_Fantoft2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bergen%2C_Fantoft2.jpg/440px-Bergen%2C_Fantoft2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1299" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Fantoft_Stave_Church" title="Fantoft Stave Church">Fantoft Stave Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Building_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Building restoration">restored</a> in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-Fantoft-35">[34]</a></figcaption></figure> On 6 June 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Fantoft_Stave_Church" title="Fantoft Stave Church">Fantoft Stave Church</a>, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned to the ground by arson. The cover of Burzum's EP <a href="/wiki/Aske_(EP)" title="Aske (EP)">Aske</a> ("ashes") is a photograph of the destroyed church.<a href="#cite_note-Fantoft-35">[34]</a> By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major <a href="/wiki/Stave_church" title="Stave church">stave churches</a>, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992.<a href="#cite_note-GC204-10">[9]</a> Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases: the arson and attempted arson of <a href="/wiki/Old_%C3%85sane_Church" title="Old Åsane Church">Åsane Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Storetveit_Church" title="Storetveit Church">Storetveit Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, the arson of <a href="/wiki/Skjold_Church_(Rogaland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skjold Church (Rogaland)">Skjold Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vindafjord" title="Vindafjord">Vindafjord</a>, and the arson of <a href="/wiki/Holmenkollen_Chapel" title="Holmenkollen Chapel">Holmenkollen Chapel</a> in Oslo. He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case.<a href="#cite_note-burzumstory2-36">[35]</a> At the time, media outlets reported that Vikernes was associated with <a href="/wiki/Theistic_Satanism" title="Theistic Satanism">theistic Satanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> In later interviews Vikernes, while not accepting responsibility for the arsons, said that they were not Satanic, but instead "revenge" for the Christian desecration of Viking graves and temples. According to Vikernes, the arsons were on the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne#Viking_raid_on_the_monastery_(793)" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne Viking raid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Vikernes claimed that all the burnings, except for the one at Stavanger, were done by one person.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bergens_Tidende_article">Bergens Tidende article</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bergens Tidende article">edit</a>]</div> In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, <a href="/wiki/Bergens_Tidende" title="Bergens Tidende">Bergens Tidende</a>, brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> In the anonymous interview, "Count Grishnackh" (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> BT journalist Finn Bjørn Tønder set up a meeting with Count Grishnackh with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be devil worshippers and said: "Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende." They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press, so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined "We Lit the Fires" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal, and get more customers for <a href="/wiki/Helvete_(store)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helvete (store)">Helvete</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Count_Regrets_Nothing-42">[41]</a> At the time, Burzum was about to release the <a href="/wiki/Aske_(EP)" title="Aske (EP)">Aske</a> mini-album.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> Some of the other scene members were also arrested and questioned, but all were released for lack of evidence.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Inge_Tunsberg" title="Jørn Inge Tunsberg">Jørn Inge Tunsberg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hades_Almighty" title="Hades Almighty">Hades</a> said that the interview had "grave consequences" for the rest of the scene and that they did not know he was going to talk to the press, as "he had said nothing". He added that they became "bloody angry" and he, Tunsberg, was "pissed off".<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Norwegian magazine Rock Furore published an interview with Vikernes in February 1993. In it, he said of the prison system: "It's much too nice here. It's not hell at all. In this country prisoners get a bed, toilet and shower. It's completely ridiculous. I asked the police to throw me in a real dungeon, and also encouraged them to use violence".<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> He was released in March for lack of evidence.<a href="#cite_note-LoC95-97-41">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Murder_of_Euronymous">Murder of Euronymous</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Murder of Euronymous">edit</a>]</div> In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes.<a href="#cite_note-LoC117-45">[44]</a> After the Bergens Tidende episode, Euronymous decided to shut Helvete down as it began to draw the attention of the police and media.<a href="#cite_note-LoC120-46">[45]</a> On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death at his apartment in Oslo. The murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media.<a href="#cite_note-LoC117-45">[44]</a> It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records (Euronymous owed Vikernes a large sum of <a href="/wiki/Royalty_payment" title="Royalty payment">royalty payments</a>),<a href="#cite_note-LoC120-46">[45]</a> or an attempt at "outdoing" a recent stabbing in Lillehammer committed by Emperor drummer Faust.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-47">[46]</a> Vikernes claims that he killed Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an <a href="/wiki/Electroshock_weapon" title="Electroshock weapon">electroshock weapon</a>, tie him up, and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> him to death while <a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">videotaping the event</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LoC125-128-48">[47]</a> Vikernes explains: "If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me".<a href="#cite_note-untilthelight-49">[48]</a> He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him.<a href="#cite_note-untilthelight-49">[48]</a> On the night of the murder, Vikernes and <a href="/wiki/Snorre_Ruch" class="mw-redirect" title="Snorre Ruch">Snorre "Blackthorn" Ruch</a> drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Tøyengata in Oslo.<a href="#cite_note-purefucking-50">[49]</a> Blackthorn allegedly stood in the stairwell smoking while Vikernes went to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor.<a href="#cite_note-LoC125-128-48">[47]</a> Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door to hand him the signed contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous "panicked" and kicked him in the chest.<a href="#cite_note-burzumstory2-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-LoC125-128-48">[47]</a> Vikernes claims Euronymous ran into the kitchen to fetch a knife.<a href="#cite_note-burzumstory2-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-LoC125-128-48">[47]</a> The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death. His body was found in the stairwell on the first floor with 23 stab wounds—two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Vikernes claimed his final stab to the skull was so powerful the knife remained stuck in Euronymous' skull, but no physical evidence or bodily injuries supported his claim.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Vikernes contended that most of Euronymous' wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle.<a href="#cite_note-burzumstory2-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-LoC125-128-48">[47]</a> After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes.<a href="#cite_note-burzumstory2-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-LoC125-128-48">[47]</a> This claim of self-defense is doubted by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_(band)" title="Emperor (band)">Emperor</a> drummer <a href="/wiki/Faust_(musician)" title="Faust (musician)">Faust</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> but Mayhem bassist <a href="/wiki/Necrobutcher" title="Necrobutcher">Necrobutcher</a> believed Vikernes did kill Euronymous due to the aforementioned death threats.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Blackthorn claimed Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. He claimed that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost <a href="/wiki/Involuntary_commitment" title="Involuntary commitment">committed</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">mental hospital</a> but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. Blackthorn said of the murder, "I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Øystein".<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Vikernes, however, claims that he had not planned the killing and that Blackthorn came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a "defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]".<a href="#cite_note-burzumstory2-36">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blitzhuset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Blitzhuset.jpg/220px-Blitzhuset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Blitzhuset.jpg/330px-Blitzhuset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Blitzhuset.jpg/440px-Blitzhuset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2793" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blitz_(movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blitz (movement)">The Blitz House</a>, which Vikernes allegedly planned to blow up in 1993.</figcaption></figure> Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen.<a href="#cite_note-LoC120-46">[45]</a> The police found 150 kg of explosives and 3,000 rounds of ammunition in his home.<a href="#cite_note-Dagbladet.no-56">[55]</a> According to the Encyclopedia of White Power, Vikernes "intended to blow up <a href="/wiki/Blitz_(movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blitz (movement)">Blitz House</a>, the radical leftist and anarchist enclave in Oslo",<a href="#cite_note-XC319-25">[24]</a> a plan that "was reportedly on the verge of execution."<a href="#cite_note-XC319-25">[24]</a> In an article originally published in 1999, Kevin Coogan also mentioned Vikernes' alleged intent to "destroy an Oslo-based punk anti-fascist squat called Blitz House",<a href="#cite_note-Coogan-57">[56]</a> and stated "Vikernes may have felt that he had no choice but to kill Euronymous before bombing Blitz House because 'the Communist' would almost certainly have opposed such an act."<a href="#cite_note-Coogan-57">[56]</a> Vikernes denied these claims in a 2009 interview, saying he was collecting explosives and ammunition "in order to defend Norway if we were attacked any time."<a href="#cite_note-Dagbladet.no-56">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trial">Trial</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Trial">edit</a>]</div> Vikernes' trial began on 2 May 1994; he was represented by the lawyer <a href="/wiki/Stein-Erik_Mattsson" title="Stein-Erik Mattsson">Stein-Erik Mattsson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were put on trial around the same time. Some of them confessed to their crimes and implicated others. According to Lords of Chaos, "Vikernes is disgusted by the fact that, while he held fast to a code of silence, others confessed."<a href="#cite_note-LoC141-59">[58]</a> During the trial, the media made Vikernes "the nation's first real bogeyman in fifty years".<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn, and another friend had planned the murder. The court alleged that this third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi; to make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> On 16 May 1994, Vikernes was sentenced to 21 years in prison (Norway's maximum penalty) for the murder of Euronymous, the arson of three churches, the attempted arson of a fourth church, and for the theft and storage of 150 kg of explosives.<a href="#cite_note-Count_Regrets_Nothing-42">[41]</a> Though Vikernes only confessed to the theft and storage of the explosives, two churches were set on fire the day he was sentenced, "presumably as a statement of symbolic support".<a href="#cite_note-LoC141-59">[58]</a> Blackthorn, who hadn't taken part in the murder as he had gone down the condominium's stairs to smoke, was sentenced to 8 years in prison for being an accomplice.<a href="#cite_note-LoC141-59">[58]</a> May 1994 also saw the release of Mayhem's album <a href="/wiki/De_Mysteriis_Dom_Sathanas" title="De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas">De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas</a>, which has Euronymous on electric guitar and Vikernes on bass guitar.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-62">[61]</a> Before the release, Euronymous' family had asked Mayhem's drummer, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Axel_Blomberg" title="Jan Axel Blomberg">Hellhammer</a>, to remove the bass tracks recorded by Vikernes. Hellhammer said "I thought it was appropriate that the murderer and victim were on the same record. I put word out that I was re-recording the bass parts, but I never did."<a href="#cite_note-guardian-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imprisonment">Imprisonment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Imprisonment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troms%C3%B8_Prison-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Troms%C3%B8_Prison-1.jpg/220px-Troms%C3%B8_Prison-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Troms%C3%B8_Prison-1.jpg/330px-Troms%C3%B8_Prison-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Troms%C3%B8_Prison-1.jpg/440px-Troms%C3%B8_Prison-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Tromsø Prison, where Vikernes served the last part of his sentence</figcaption></figure> Vikernes served his sentence at the prisons in Bergen, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8nsberg" title="Tønsberg">Tønsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringerike_Prison" title="Ringerike Prison">Ringerike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trondheim_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Trondheim Prison">Trondheim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8" title="Tromsø">Tromsø</a>. According to Swedish scholar <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Gardell" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Gardell">Matthias Gardell</a> in his book <a href="/wiki/Gods_of_the_Blood" title="Gods of the Blood">Gods of the Blood</a>, Vikernes launched the <a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Norwegian Heathen Front</a> (Norsk Hedensk Front) during his early years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-gardell307-63">[62]</a> Gardell says this was a <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">pagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazi</a> group that grew into the international Pan-Germanic Heathen Front (Allgermanische Heidnische Front or AHF).<a href="#cite_note-gardell307-63">[62]</a> According to Xavier Cattarinich, Vikernes was the "self-proclaimed leader" of the Norwegian Heathen Front<a href="#cite_note-XC319-25">[24]</a> and Goodrick-Clarke mentions that Vikernes underlined "his role as chieftain of his Norwegian Heathen Front" with the writing of Vargsmål.<a href="#cite_note-GC205-9">[8]</a> The Heathen Front officially denied that Vikernes was in charge. According to the authors of Lord of Chaos, this may have been to protect him, as Norwegian prisoners were prohibited from leading political groups. In addition, the organization's listed address was the same PO box Vikernes used in prison, which the authors state would have made it "very hard for him [Vikernes] to do an effective job" at leading the organization, as all letters would have been screened by the prison personnel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynihanSøderlind2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidv0xjCwAAQBAJpgPA177_177]-64">[63]</a> Vikernes said "I have never formed or been a member of such organizations. The only organization I am a member of is <a href="/wiki/Riksm%C3%A5l_Society" title="Riksmål Society">Riksmålsforbundet</a>" (The Society for the Preservation of Traditional Standard Norwegian).<a href="#cite_note-Dagbladet.no-56">[55]</a> However, Vikernes did come into contact with the neo-Nazi group <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">Zorn 88</a>, and wrote articles in its magazine Gjallarhorn.<a href="#cite_note-monitor-65">[64]</a> One of the group's leading members, esotericist Jan Erik Kvamsdahl helped Vikernes publish Vargsmål and set up the Heathen Front according to the Monitor organization.<a href="#cite_note-monitor-65">[64]</a> On 8 April 1997, Norwegian police arrested five neo-Nazis in <a href="/wiki/Hemnes_Municipality" title="Hemnes Municipality">Hemnes Municipality</a>. According to police, the young men were part of a self-styled "<a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppe</a>" and were plotting attacks on political and religious figures in Norway. They also had plans to break Vikernes out of prison.<a href="#cite_note-LOC362-66">[65]</a> The group "had all the trappings of a paramilitary unit", including guns, explosives, bulletproof vests, steel helmets and balaclavas.<a href="#cite_note-LOC362-66">[65]</a> One of its members, Tom Eiternes, had befriended Vikernes in prison before escaping while on leave.<a href="#cite_note-LOC362-66">[65]</a> Vikernes' mother, Lene Bore, was arrested for supplying the group with 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">kroner</a>. She confessed, but claimed she did not know they were "right-wing extremists" and said her son was being attacked by fellow inmates. In late 1996, his jaw had reportedly been broken in a fight with another inmate. However, the prison director said her claims were unfounded, and police suspected that the money came from Vikernes himself.<a href="#cite_note-LOC362-66">[65]</a> Lords of Chaos says that Vikernes adopted a "<a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">skinhead</a>" look and wore a belt buckle with SS insignia around this time.<a href="#cite_note-LOC362-66">[65]</a> Despite her confession, Bore was not convicted,<a href="#cite_note-LOC362-66">[65]</a> and in 1998 the case against the "Einsatzgruppe" was dropped.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> During his time in prison, Vikernes recorded two albums made up wholly of <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a> music. The first, <a href="/wiki/Dau%C3%B0i_Baldrs" title="Dauði Baldrs">Dauði Baldrs</a>, was recorded in 1994–1995 and released in October 1997. The second, <a href="/wiki/Hli%C3%B0skj%C3%A1lf_(album)" title="Hliðskjálf (album)">Hliðskjálf</a>, was recorded in 1998 and released in April 1999.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Vikernes was denied access to an electric guitar, bass guitar or drums, and instead used a synthesizer. In 2000, Vikernes decided to put Burzum on hold. He believed that his philosophy was constantly misinterpreted by an ignorant fan base that was too closely related to black metal and Satanism.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Later, through his website, he indicated that he hoped to continue Burzum after his release from prison, stating: "I will publish a few books, possibly using a pseudonym in order to stay anonymous, and perhaps a Burzum album or two, but that's it".<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> In the early 2000s Vikernes regularly wrote articles in the magazine of the neopagan neo-Nazi group <a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varg_Vikernes-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Varg_Vikernes-4.jpg/220px-Varg_Vikernes-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Varg_Vikernes-4.jpg/330px-Varg_Vikernes-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Varg_Vikernes-4.jpg/440px-Varg_Vikernes-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Vikernes pictured in prison, August 2008</figcaption></figure> In August 2003, Vikernes was transferred from a maximum-security prison in Bergen to the low-security prison in Tønsberg.<a href="#cite_note-blabberoct28-73">[72]</a> On 15 October, the local paper, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8nsbergs_Blad" title="Tønsbergs Blad">Tønsbergs Blad</a>, published an article that criticised Vikernes.<a href="#cite_note-blabberoct27-74">[73]</a> On 26 October, Vikernes went on the run after being granted a short leave. He stopped a car in <a href="/wiki/Numedal" title="Numedal">Numedal</a>. Inside it was a family of three, who said that he hijacked the car at gunpoint. About 19 hours later, police stopped the car in <a href="/wiki/Romerike" title="Romerike">Romerike</a> and arrested him.<a href="#cite_note-blabberoct27-74">[73]</a> The car contained knives, a gas mask, camouflage clothing, a portable <a href="/wiki/GPS_navigation_device" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS navigation device">GPS navigator</a>, maps, a compass, a laptop and a mobile phone.<a href="#cite_note-blabberoct28-73">[72]</a> Police also found a handgun and a <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G3" title="Heckler & Koch G3">G3</a> automatic rifle in a cabin in <a href="/wiki/Rollag_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rollag Municipality">Rollag Municipality</a>, where Vikernes had hidden during his escape.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> They concluded that his escape "was well planned and involved assistance from several people on the outside".<a href="#cite_note-blabberoct28-73">[72]</a> Before the escape, Vikernes gave his mother a letter. In it, he wrote that he had received death threats and another inmate had tried to strangle him shortly after the newspaper article was published.<a href="#cite_note-blabberoct27-74">[73]</a> For his actions, thirteen months were added to Vikernes' sentence and he was moved to a prison in Ringerike. In July 2004, he was moved to a maximum-security prison in Trondheim. The last three years of his sentence were spent in Tromsø Prison. When Vikernes was convicted, it was possible to be released on parole after serving 12 years of a 21-year sentence, but in 2002, before he became eligible, the <a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Norwegian Parliament</a> had extended this to 14 years. In June 2006, after serving 12 years, Vikernes was denied parole by the Department of Criminal Justice for this reason.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76">[75]</a> His lawyer, <a href="/wiki/John_Christian_Elden" title="John Christian Elden">John Christian Elden</a>, has complained that the policy change is a form of <a href="/wiki/Ex_post_facto_law" title="Ex post facto law">retroactive legislation</a>. Article 97 of the Norwegian constitution forbids any law being given retroactive force. Vikernes was denied parole again in June 2008, although he was allowed to leave Tromsø Prison for short periods to visit his family. His full sentence would run for another seven years.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Too_dangerous_for_parole-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> In March 2009, however, his parole was announced. He had then served nearly 15 years of his 21-year sentence.<a href="#cite_note-TV2-nyhetene-7">[6]</a> On 22 May 2009, he confirmed that he had been released from prison on probation.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_after_prison">Life after prison</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Life after prison">edit</a>]</div> Vikernes continued with Burzum after his release. He released a further three black metal albums: <a href="/wiki/Belus_(album)" title="Belus (album)">Belus</a> (2010), <a href="/wiki/Fallen_(Burzum_album)" title="Fallen (Burzum album)">Fallen</a> (2011) and <a href="/wiki/Umskiptar" title="Umskiptar">Umskiptar</a> (2012) and a compilation of re-recorded songs (<a href="/wiki/From_the_Depths_of_Darkness" title="From the Depths of Darkness">From the Depths of Darkness</a>). On 27 April 2013, Vikernes posted a song on his official YouTube channel, titled "Back to the Shadows", which Vikernes has stated to be the last <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">metal</a> track to be released by Burzum.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> In May 2013, he released another ambient album, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4l_austan,_M%C3%A2ni_vestan" title="Sôl austan, Mâni vestan">Sôl austan, Mâni vestan</a>. In the years following his release from prison, Vikernes became an active video blogger on his YouTube channel, ThuleanPerspective (or Thulêan Perspective).<a href="#cite_note-YouTube_MetalStorm-13">[12]</a> In 2013, Vikernes and his wife released a film called ForeBears, based on <a href="/wiki/Bear_worship" title="Bear worship">bear worship</a> during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a>, and inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Egyptian Book of the Dead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ForeBears_–_A_film_by_V._Vikernes_and_M._Cachet_(FULL)_–_2013-82">[81]</a> Vikernes was one of the recipients of far-right terrorist <a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a>'s manifesto, which Breivik sent out before launching the <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a>, killing 77 people. Although Vikernes condemned Breivik's actions, this drew the attention of the French authorities.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> On 16 July 2013, Vikernes and his wife, a French national, were arrested at their home in <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>, France, on suspicion of planning acts of terrorism after his wife bought four rifles.<a href="#cite_note-dumond-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters2013-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-86">[85]</a> Officials later stated that Vikernes' wife had a legal firearms permit to buy the rifles.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-86">[85]</a> The two were later released without charge after police failed to identify any terrorist plans or targets.<a href="#cite_note-bbc18july-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> Vikernes was instead charged by French authorities with <a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_ethnic_or_racial_hatred" title="Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred">inciting racial hatred</a> against Jews and Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> This was due to posts on his blog, "Thulean Perspective", which included <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> posts that were taken down following the charges. Vikernes claimed he had not written the posts, although the blog attributed all posts to him.<a href="#cite_note-reilly-90">[89]</a> On 8 July 2014, Vikernes was convicted of inciting racial hatred and sentenced to six months of probation and a fine of €8,000.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> In June 2018, Vikernes made comments that he had "moved on" from Burzum on his YouTube channel, saying "bye bye" to the project.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> YouTube removed Vikernes's channel from the platform in June 2019, by which point it had 250,000 subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-YouTube_MetalStorm-13">[12]</a> This coincided with an announcement from YouTube that it would be more aggressive in removing "videos alleging that a group is superior in order to justify discrimination, segregation or exclusion".<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> In late 2019, Vikernes announced on Twitter that he intended to release another album as Burzum. Titled <a href="/wiki/Thul%C3%AAan_Mysteries" title="Thulêan Mysteries">Thulêan Mysteries</a>, the album was released in March 2020. Vikernes stated at the time that this would be his last album under the Burzum name.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> In 2024, however, he began releasing singles in his former black metal style under the name "Burzum (NEW)", intended to form an album called The Land of Thule when put together.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Writing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vargsm%C3%A5l.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Vargsm%C3%A5l.gif/170px-Vargsm%C3%A5l.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Vargsm%C3%A5l.gif/255px-Vargsm%C3%A5l.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Vargsm%C3%A5l.gif 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Vargsmål, written by Vikernes in 1994</figcaption></figure> In late 1994, while in prison, Vikernes wrote a Norwegian-language book called Vargsmål ("Varg's Speech"<a href="#cite_note-vargbooks-98">[97]</a>). Vikernes has said he wrote Vargsmål to defend himself against the media. According to Lords of Chaos, Vargsmål became available on the Internet for some time in 1996 but not in a printed form.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> In 1997, a Norwegian publisher released a paperback edition of the book; its publication was financed by Vikernes's mother, Helene Bore.<a href="#cite_note-hist-100">[99]</a> As of 1999, Vargsmål was being sold by the Nazi organization <a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Heathen Front</a> via its website.<a href="#cite_note-ward-101">[100]</a> In 1998 he wrote a book called Germansk Mytologi og Verdensanskuelse ("Teutonic Mythology and Worldview")<a href="#cite_note-vargbooks-98">[97]</a> that was published by Cymophane in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] In 2011, Abstract Sounds Books published Vikernes's English book entitled Sorcery and Religion in Ancient Scandinavia, about the religious practices of Scandinavian peoples, particularly during the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] According to a review from the music blog <a href="/wiki/Heathen_Harvest" title="Heathen Harvest">Heathen Harvest</a>, the book rejects accepted academic theories, instead focusing on Vikernes's speculation and personalized story-telling.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> By late 2003, Vikernes had begun writing articles for Burzum.org, which became the official Burzum website.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> He also wrote for his personal blog, Thulean Perspective, which was set up in January 2013. The website Ancestral Cult was created by him and his wife.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] Vikernes has self-published a <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">tabletop role-playing game</a> named MYFAROG (Mythic Fantasy Role-playing Game). In 2019, he announced that the upcoming ambient album of Burzum, Thulêan Mysteries, was also intended as background music for the game.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> The game has been criticized for its overcomplicated rule set as well as racist references; there are multiple nonplayable enemy races collectively referred to as Koparmenn ("copper men") who are described as filthy and animalistic, and presumably represent non-Europeans.<a href="#cite_note-gamereview-108">[107]</a> From 2017, Vikernes also wrote a series, which includes three volumes, titled "Paganism Explained", with his spouse, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Cachet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Cachet (page does not exist)">Marie Cachet</a>, the parts are as follows, "<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymskvi%C3%B0a" title="Þrymskviða">Thrymskvida</a>", "Little Red Riding Hood & <a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk" title="Jack and the Beanstalk">Jack and the Beanstalk</a>", "The Cult of Mithra & Hymiskvida", "Valholl & Odinn in <a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasill</a>", and "Ásgardr, Vanaheimr & the Nine Worlds of Hel"<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Views">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Metal:_A_Headbanger%27s_Journey" title="Metal: A Headbanger's Journey">Metal: A Headbanger's Journey</a>, director <a href="/wiki/Sam_Dunn" title="Sam Dunn">Sam Dunn</a> described Vikernes as "the most notorious metal musician of all time" due to his crimes as well as his political and religious views.<a href="#cite_note-notorious-14">[13]</a> While in prison, Vikernes promoted views which combined <a href="/wiki/Odinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Odinism">Odinism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-XC319-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-GC204-10">[9]</a> Scholar of religion Egil Asprem characterized Vikernes as "an idol for skinheads with an inclination towards Paganism and for contemporary Pagans with an inclination towards National Socialism".<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> In a 2005 statement on his website, Vikernes wrote that although he had "occasionally used the term 'nazism' to describe [his] ideological foundation", he no longer describes himself as such.<a href="#cite_note-Ghost-111">[110]</a> He had used the term following his 1994 conviction<a href="#cite_note-Coogan-57">[56]</a> until the late 1990s<a href="#cite_note-Ghost-111">[110]</a> and in 2022 stated that he "appreciated" being labelled as a Nazi.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] Among other things, he did not wish to be associated with <a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Slavism">anti-Slavic</a> sentiments.<a href="#cite_note-Ghost-111">[110]</a> Since the late 1990s, he has described his views as "Odalism",<a href="#cite_note-Why_Odalism-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-IBT-16">[15]</a> which he says encompasses "<a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a>, traditional <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialism">racialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Ghost-111">[110]</a> Vikernes also advocates <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">simple living</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">self-sufficiency</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Survivalism" title="Survivalism">survivalism</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Burzum_&_Varg_Vikernes-114">[113]</a> Vikernes has described his own ideology as fiercely anti-modern. According to Eric Brown writing for the <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a>, Vikernes opposes anything deemed "a threat to a pre-industrial European pagan society, including but not limited to Christianity, Islam, Judaism, capitalism and materialism", and he also "rallies against a perceived <a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">international Jewish conspiracy</a> to destroy the traditional European identity".<a href="#cite_note-IBT-16">[15]</a> Vikernes rejects the <a href="/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans" title="Recent African origin of modern humans">out of Africa</a> theory of human origins and instead claims that modern Europeans, especially Nordic peoples, are not <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a> but are instead descended primarily from <a href="/wiki/Neanderthals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</a> and in fact have "close to no or even no non-Neanderthal admixture". This is not accepted by mainstream science.<a href="#cite_note-neanderthal-115">[114]</a> Vikernes wrote a blog post sympathetic to some of the views of <a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a>, but said he suspected Breivik carried out <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">his terrorist attack</a> as part of a <a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Antisemitism" title="List of conspiracy theories">Jewish conspiracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reilly-90">[89]</a> He condemned Breivik for killing innocent Norwegians and called him a "Christian loser", saying the only way to "save Europe" is to "cast aside all Christian and other international nonsense and embrace only the European (i.e. Pagan) values and ideals".<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> Breivik has later in fact stated that he identifies as an Odinist,<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> and that he wants Vikernes to be one of the leaders of a new Nazi party in Norway.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> Rapper <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> has drawn scrutiny for his ties to Vikernes, which have included sampling Burzum's 1996 song "<a href="/wiki/Filosofem" title="Filosofem">Rundgang um die transzendentale säule der singularität</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Gucci_Mane" title="Gucci Mane">Gucci Mane</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Pussy_Print" title="Pussy Print">Pussy Print</a>", posing in a Burzum T-shirt, and allegedly modeling his <a href="/wiki/Vultures_(Kanye_West_and_Ty_Dolla_Sign_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vultures (Kanye West and Ty Dolla Sign album)">Vultures</a> album cover after one of Burzum's own albums.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> When asked about this, Vikernes expressed apathy toward West, writing "I know very little about him or what he says or does, and I kind of have very little incentive to 'find out'. it is better to spend time on something more fruitful."<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> He later praised West for his support, saying, "I think it shows courage to publicly wear a Burzum shirt, like he has done. You risk the wrath (including boycott) of an entire music industry, completely under the control of… 'a certain group.' So kudos to him for that."<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Vikernes and his French wife, Marie Cachet, have a son together who was born in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> The couple married the same year.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> His wife has been diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/High-functioning_autism" title="High-functioning autism">high-functioning autism</a> (HFA), and Vikernes claims to have HFA as well though he has not been professionally diagnosed.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> In a 2008 interview, he said he and his wife were expecting a second child together (her second and his third).<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76">[75]</a> After his release from prison, he settled with his family on a small farm in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8,_Telemark" title="Bø, Telemark">Bø</a> before they moved to <a href="/wiki/Salon-la-Tour" title="Salon-la-Tour">Salon-la-Tour</a> in France.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> In 2017, he said that he had six children and wanted more.<a href="#cite_note-procreate-127">[126]</a> In March 2021, his wife gave birth to a daughter, marking their seventh child together.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Vikernes is a <a href="/wiki/Teetotaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Teetotaler">teetotaler</a>, having never consumed alcohol or other recreational drugs. He also tries to avoid pharmaceutical drugs, stating, "The only drug use I condone, so to speak, is the medical use of prescription drugs, when it is absolutely necessary (and it rarely is absolutely necessary)."<a href="#cite_note-Count_Regrets_Nothing-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> After his release from prison, he changed his legal name to Louis Cachet in order to avoid difficulties with the public, but still uses the Varg Vikernes name in his daily life.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> Vikernes claims he is a distant relative of Norwegian Nazi collaborator <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Vidkun Quisling</a> through his great-great-grandmother.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lords_of_Chaos">Lords of Chaos</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lords of Chaos">edit</a>]</div> The 1998 book <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(book)" title="Lords of Chaos (book)">Lords of Chaos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Feral_House" title="Feral House">Feral House</a>) covers the <a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">early Norwegian black metal scene</a>. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jenkins_Moynihan" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jenkins Moynihan">Michael Moynihan</a>, one of the book's authors, was sympathetic with Vikernes and his extremist politics.<a href="#cite_note-Coogan-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-ward-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">relevant?</a>] Moynihan disputed that he is a Nazi or white supremacist.<a href="#cite_note-WWLORD-134">[133]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(film)" title="Lords of Chaos (film)">2018 film adaptation</a>, he was played by <a href="/wiki/Emory_Cohen" title="Emory Cohen">Emory Cohen</a>, which Vikernes criticized for factual inaccuracies and casting a "fat Jewish actor" in his role.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discography">Discography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="As_Burzum">As Burzum</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: As Burzum">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Burzum_(album)" title="Burzum (album)">Burzum</a> (recorded January 1992)</li> <li>1993 – <a href="/wiki/Aske_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aske (album)">Aske</a> (recorded August 1992)</li> <li>1993 – <a href="/wiki/Det_som_engang_var" title="Det som engang var">Det som engang var</a> (recorded April 1992)</li> <li>1994 – <a href="/wiki/Hvis_lyset_tar_oss" title="Hvis lyset tar oss">Hvis lyset tar oss</a> (recorded September 1992)</li> <li>1996 – <a href="/wiki/Filosofem" title="Filosofem">Filosofem</a> (recorded March 1993)</li> <li>1997 – <a href="/wiki/Dau%C3%B0i_Baldrs" title="Dauði Baldrs">Dauði Baldrs</a> (recorded in prison 1994–1995)</li> <li>1999 – <a href="/wiki/Hli%C3%B0skj%C3%A1lf_(album)" title="Hliðskjálf (album)">Hliðskjálf</a> (recorded in prison 1998)</li> <li>2010 – <a href="/wiki/Belus_(album)" title="Belus (album)">Belus</a> (recorded in 2009)</li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/Fallen_(Burzum_album)" title="Fallen (Burzum album)">Fallen</a> (recorded November 2010)</li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/From_the_Depths_of_Darkness" title="From the Depths of Darkness">From the Depths of Darkness</a> (recorded March 2010)</li> <li>2012 – <a href="/wiki/Umskiptar" title="Umskiptar">Umskiptar</a> (recorded September 2011)</li> <li>2013 – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4l_austan,_M%C3%A2ni_vestan" title="Sôl austan, Mâni vestan">Sôl austan, Mâni vestan</a> (recorded throughout 2012)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/The_Ways_of_Yore" title="The Ways of Yore">The Ways of Yore</a> (recorded throughout 2013)</li> <li>2020 – <a href="/wiki/Thul%C3%AAan_Mysteries" title="Thulêan Mysteries">Thulêan Mysteries</a> (recorded 2015–2020)</li> <li>2023 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Reincarnation_of_%C3%93dinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Reincarnation of Ódinn (page does not exist)">The Reincarnation of Ódinn</a> (non-album single)</li> <li>2024 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Land_of_Thul%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Land of Thulê (page does not exist)">The Land of Thulê</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Land_of_Thul%C3%AA" class="extiw" title="de:The Land of Thulê">de</a>; <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Land_Of_Thul%C3%AA" class="extiw" title="it:The Land Of Thulê">it</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_appearances">Other appearances</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other appearances">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1994 – <a href="/wiki/Darkthrone" title="Darkthrone">Darkthrone</a> – <a href="/wiki/Transilvanian_Hunger" title="Transilvanian Hunger">Transilvanian Hunger</a> (wrote lyrics for four songs)</li> <li>1995 – Darkthrone – <a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust_(album)" title="Panzerfaust (album)">Panzerfaust</a> (wrote lyrics for one song)</li> <li>1994 – <a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a> – <a href="/wiki/De_Mysteriis_Dom_Sathanas" title="De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas">De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas</a> (performed bass guitar)</li> <li>1993 – Mayhem – Life Eternal (EP, performed bass guitar)</li> <li>1991 – <a href="/wiki/Old_Funeral" title="Old Funeral">Old Funeral</a> – Devoured Carcass (EP, performed electric guitar)</li> <li>1999 – Old Funeral – Join the Funeral Procession (compilation album, performed electric guitar)</li> <li>1999 – Old Funeral – <a href="/wiki/The_Older_Ones" title="The Older Ones">The Older Ones</a> (compilation album, performed electric guitar)</li> <li>2002 – Old Funeral – Grim Reaping Norway (live album, performed electric guitar)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1997 – Vargsmål</li> <li>2000 – Germansk mytologi og verdensanskuelse</li> <li>2001 – Guide to the Norse Gods and Their Names</li> <li>2002 – Irminsûl</li> <li>2011 – Sorcery and Religion in Ancient Scandinavia</li> <li>2015 – Reflections on European Mythology and Polytheism</li> <li>2017 – Paganism Explained, part I: Þrymskviða</li> <li>2017 – Paganism Explained, Part II: Little Red Riding Hood & Jack and the Beanstalk</li> <li>2018 – Paganism Explained, Part III: The Cult of Mithra & Hymiskviða</li> <li>2018 – Paganism Explained, Part IV: Valhöll & Odinn in Yggdrasill</li> <li>2019 – Paganism Explained, Part V: Ásgardr, Vanaheimr & the Nine Worlds of Hel</li> <li>2024 – To Hell and Back Again: Part I: My Black Metal Story</li> <li>2024 – To Hell and Back Again: Part II: My Childhood Story</li> <li>2024 – To Hell and Back Again: Part III: My Prison Story</li> <li>2024 – To Hell and Back Again: Part IV: My Burzum Story</li> <li>2024 – To Hell and Back Again: Part V: My Survival Story</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmography">Filmography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1998 – <a href="/wiki/Satan_rir_media" title="Satan rir media">Satan rir media</a> (himself)</li> <li>2007 – <a href="/wiki/Metal:_A_Headbanger%27s_Journey" title="Metal: A Headbanger's Journey">Metal: A Headbanger's Journey</a> (archive footage)</li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Pure_Fucking_Mayhem" title="Pure Fucking Mayhem">Pure Fucking Mayhem</a> (archive footage)</li> <li>2009 – <a href="/wiki/Until_the_Light_Takes_Us" title="Until the Light Takes Us">Until the Light Takes Us</a> (himself)</li> <li>2013 – ForeBears (himself)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note1-3"><a href="#cite_ref-note1_3-0">^</a> Written as "Christian" in some sources.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHuey" class="citation web cs1">Huey, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/burzum-mn0000645956/biography">"Burzum Biography, Songs, & Albums"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. 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Retrieved 20 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burzum+and+Varg+Vikernes+news+and+updates&rft.pub=Burzum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burzum.org%2Feng%2Fnews.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=120605">"Varg Vikernes is a free man"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blabbermouth.net" title="Blabbermouth.net">Blabbermouth.net</a>. 22 May 2009. 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Retrieved 7 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BURZUM-THUL%C3%8AAN+MYSTERIES+%28CLEAR+VINYL%29-Vinyl+Double+Album&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plastichead.com%2Fitem.aspx%3Fcatno%3DBOBV785LPLTD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vargbooks-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vargbooks_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vargbooks_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVikernes" class="citation web cs1">Vikernes, Varg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114043306/http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/a_comment_to_vargsmal_and_other_books_by_varg_vikernes.shtml">"A Comment To "Vargsmål" And Other Books By Varg Vikernes"</a>. Burzum.org. 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Retrieved 18 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Loudwire&rft.atitle=Varg+Vikernes+Comments+on+Kanye+West+Wearing+a+Burzum+Shirt&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft.aulast=Trapp&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Floudwire.com%2Fkanye-west-burzum-shirt-varg-vikernes-response%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Verdens_Gang" title="Verdens Gang">VG Nett</a>, 11 June 2008: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=513005">Varg Vikernes for farlig for friheten</a> (in Norwegian) </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filosofem.altervista.org/bio.htm">"Biografia"</a>. Filosofem.altervista.org. Retrieved 16 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biografia&rft.pub=Filosofem.altervista.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilosofem.altervista.org%2Fbio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVikernes2021" class="citation web cs1">Vikernes, Varg [@WargarW] (10 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210710184902/https://twitter.com/WargarW/status/1413929422982467589#selection-4455.0-4455.158">"I have never been "diagnosed" as an autist, but my wife is a HFA and from what I can tell I am too. Thankfully, I may add... Normies are pretty... dumb. .-)"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/WargarW/status/1413929422982467589">the original</a> on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+have+never+been+%22diagnosed%22+as+an+autist%2C+but+my+wife+is+a+HFA+and+from+what+I+can+tell+I+am+too.+Thankfully%2C+I+may+add...+Normies+are+pretty...+dumb.+.-%29&rft.date=2021-07-10&rft.aulast=Vikernes&rft.aufirst=Varg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FWargarW%2Fstatus%2F1413929422982467589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlayoubi2013" class="citation news cs1">Alayoubi, Mohammad (17 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/urix/stille-rundt-vikernes-garden-1.11136780">"Det eneste vi hørte var hundene som bjeffet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NRK_News" title="NRK News">NRK News</a>. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRK+News&rft.atitle=Det+eneste+vi+h%C3%B8rte+var+hundene+som+bjeffet&rft.date=2013-07-17&rft.aulast=Alayoubi&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Furix%2Fstille-rundt-vikernes-garden-1.11136780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Varg Vikernes: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thuleanperspective.com/2013/03/15/the-cleansing/">The Cleansing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130320084420/http://thuleanperspective.com/2013/03/15/the-cleansing/">Archived</a> 20 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 15 March 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-procreate-127"><a href="#cite_ref-procreate_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVikernes2017" class="citation web cs1">Vikernes, Varg (27 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406080126/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oq-w21ZPdWw">"Go forth and Procreate!"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oq-w21ZPdWw">the original</a> on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <q>I have 6 children already, and plan to have more</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Go+forth+and+Procreate%21&rft.date=2017-02-27&rft.aulast=Vikernes&rft.aufirst=Varg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Doq-w21ZPdWw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandalftheWhi192021" class="citation web cs1">@GandalftheWhi19 (14 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210315193756/https://twitter.com/GandalftheWhi19/status/1371210585472438274">"Whilst 'LARPing in the woods' here in the French countryside, today, the 14th of March, my wife gave birth to another healthy child, our 7th"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/GandalftheWhi19/status/1371210585472438274">the original</a> on 15 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whilst+%27LARPing+in+the+woods%27+here+in+the+French+countryside%2C+today%2C+the+14th+of+March%2C+my+wife+gave+birth+to+another+healthy+child%2C+our+7th.&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft.au=GandalftheWhi19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FGandalftheWhi19%2Fstatus%2F1371210585472438274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/2005_interview_metalcrypt.shtml">"Interview with Varg Vikernes (10 May 2005), by Chris Mitchell"</a>. burzum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120629233444/http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/2005_interview_metalcrypt.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2017. <q>No, I have never experienced with drugs. I don't even take an aspirin if I have a headache [...] The only drug use I condone, so to speak, is the medical use of prescription drugs, when it is absolutely necessary (and it rarely is absolutely necessary) [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=burzum.org&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Varg+Vikernes+%2810+May+2005%29%2C+by+Chris+Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burzum.org%2Feng%2Flibrary%2F2005_interview_metalcrypt.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/Addrj/vikernes-skylder-fortsatt-millioner-for-nedbrente-kirker-i-norge">"Vikernes skylder fortsatt millioner for nedbrente kirker i Norge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aftenposten" title="Aftenposten">Aftenposten</a> (in Norwegian). Retrieved 31 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aftenposten&rft.atitle=Vikernes+skylder+fortsatt+millioner+for+nedbrente+kirker+i+Norge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fnorge%2Fi%2FAddrj%2Fvikernes-skylder-fortsatt-millioner-for-nedbrente-kirker-i-norge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVikernes2014" class="citation web cs1">Vikernes, Varg (6 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813072650/https://thuleanperspective.com/2014/06/02/some-facts-about-varg-vikernes-his-case/">"Some Facts about Varg Vikernes & his Case"</a>. Thulean Perspective. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thuleanperspective.com/2014/06/02/some-facts-about-varg-vikernes-his-case/">the original</a> on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thulean+Perspective&rft.atitle=Some+Facts+about+Varg+Vikernes+%26+his+Case&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft.aulast=Vikernes&rft.aufirst=Varg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthuleanperspective.com%2F2014%2F06%2F02%2Fsome-facts-about-varg-vikernes-his-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.burzum.org/eng/library/2011_interview_druvis.shtml">"Interview with Varg Vikernes – "Druvis" Almanac (2011)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Varg+Vikernes+%E2%80%93+%22Druvis%22+Almanac+%282011%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.burzum.org%2Feng%2Flibrary%2F2011_interview_druvis.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurley2019" class="citation news cs1">Burley, Shane (19 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://truthout.org/articles/lords-of-chaos-brings-a-white-nationalists-book-to-the-big-screen/">""Lords of Chaos" Brings a White Nationalist's Book to the Big Screen"</a>. Truthout. Retrieved 9 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Truthout&rft.atitle=%22Lords+of+Chaos%22+Brings+a+White+Nationalist%27s+Book+to+the+Big+Screen&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.aulast=Burley&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftruthout.org%2Farticles%2Flords-of-chaos-brings-a-white-nationalists-book-to-the-big-screen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWLORD-134"><a href="#cite_ref-WWLORD_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDundas2009" class="citation news cs1">Dundas, Zach (26 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010301171407/http://www.wweek.com/html/leada081600.html">"Lord of Chaos: Activists Accuse Portland Writer and Musician Michael Moynihan of Spreading Extremist Propaganda, But They're Not Telling the Whole Story"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Week" title="Willamette Week">Willamette Week</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wweek.com/html/leada081600.html">the original</a> on 1 March 2001. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Willamette+Week&rft.atitle=Lord+of+Chaos%3A+Activists+Accuse+Portland+Writer+and+Musician+Michael+Moynihan+of+Spreading+Extremist+Propaganda%2C+But+They%27re+Not+Telling+the+Whole+Story&rft.date=2009-03-26&rft.aulast=Dundas&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwweek.com%2Fhtml%2Fleada081600.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consequence.net/2019/01/varg-vikernes-slams-lords-of-chaos-movie/">"Varg Vikernes slams Lords of Chaos movie, questions why he's portrayed by "fat Jewish actor""</a>. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varg+Vikernes+slams+Lords+of+Chaos+movie%2C+questions+why+he%27s+portrayed+by+%22fat+Jewish+actor%22&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconsequence.net%2F2019%2F01%2Fvarg-vikernes-slams-lords-of-chaos-movie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> Sources <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoynihanSøderlind1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jenkins_Moynihan" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jenkins Moynihan">Moynihan, Michael J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Didrik_S%C3%B8derlind" title="Didrik Søderlind">Søderlind, Didrik</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lordsofchaosbloo00moyn">Lords of chaos : the bloody rise of the Satanic metal underground</a> (1st ed.). Feral House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-922915-48-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-922915-48-2"><bdi>0-922915-48-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lords+of+chaos+%3A+the+bloody+rise+of+the+Satanic+metal+underground&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-922915-48-2&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft.au=S%C3%B8derlind%2C+Didrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flordsofchaosbloo00moyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoynihanSøderlind2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jenkins_Moynihan" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jenkins Moynihan">Moynihan, Michael J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Didrik_S%C3%B8derlind" title="Didrik Søderlind">Søderlind, Didrik</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v0xjCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA177">Lords of chaos : the bloody rise of the satanic metal underground</a> (New ed.). Feral House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-922915-94-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-922915-94-1"><bdi>978-0-922915-94-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lords+of+chaos+%3A+the+bloody+rise+of+the+satanic+metal+underground&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-922915-94-1&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft.au=S%C3%B8derlind%2C+Didrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv0xjCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCattarinich2000" class="citation book cs1">Cattarinich, Xavier (2000). <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Kaplan_(academic)" title="Jeffrey Kaplan (academic)">Kaplan, Jeffrey</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nNWbbhUYv8oC&q=Varg%20Vikernes%20%22heathen%20front%22&pg=PA319">Encyclopedia of White Power: A Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 318–320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0340-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0340-3"><bdi>978-0-7425-0340-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 12 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+White+Power%3A+A+Sourcebook+on+the+Radical+Racist+Right&rft.pages=318-320&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0340-3&rft.aulast=Cattarinich&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnNWbbhUYv8oC%26q%3DVarg%2520Vikernes%2520%2522heathen%2520front%2522%26pg%3DPA319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardell2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mattias_Gardell" title="Mattias Gardell">Gardell, Mattias</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Gods_of_the_Blood" title="Gods of the Blood">Gods of the blood : the pagan revival and White separatism</a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3071-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3071-4"><bdi>978-0-8223-3071-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+of+the+blood+%3A+the+pagan+revival+and+White+separatism&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3071-4&rft.aulast=Gardell&rft.aufirst=Mattias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Goodrick-Clarke" title="Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke">Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Black_Sun_(Goodrick-Clarke_book)" title="Black Sun (Goodrick-Clarke book)">Black sun : Aryan cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the politics of identity</a>. New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-3155-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-3155-4"><bdi>0-8147-3155-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+sun+%3A+Aryan+cults%2C+Esoteric+Nazism%2C+and+the+politics+of+identity&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8147-3155-4&rft.aulast=Goodrick-Clarke&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarg+Vikernes" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Kevin Coogan. 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oraclesyndicate.twoday.net/stories/605560/">How Black is Black Metal?</a> Hit List 1:1 (February/March), 33–59. Retrieved 23 July 2009.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050930220112/http://www.antirasistisk-senter.no/infobank/hoyre_nor/nazirapp2001.PDF">Right wing extremism in Norway – 2001</a>, page 8, paragraph title Norsk Hedensk Front, published by Antirasistisk senter and Monitor (in Norwegian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050911071204/http://www.antirasistisk-senter.no/infobanken/dokumenter/artikler/xt99.html">The extreme right 1999</a>, a report from Antirasistisk senter (in Norwegian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012031644/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article656500.ece">The Count caught with an AG-3 automatic rifle</a>, news coverage in <a href="/wiki/Aftenposten" title="Aftenposten">Aftenposten</a> (in Norwegian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article655724.ece">Police nab The Count after he fled jail</a>, news coverage in Aftenposten</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article656646.ece">Arrested Count was heavily armed</a>, news coverage in Aftenposten</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/2000/07/25/212726.html">The nun-murders inspired by The count</a>, news coverage in <a href="/wiki/Dagbladet" title="Dagbladet">Dagbladet</a> (in Norwegian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg.no/pub/vgart.hbs?artid=6897182">The Count could have inspired the nun-killing</a>, news coverage in <a href="/wiki/Verdens_Gang" title="Verdens Gang">Verdens Gang</a> (in Norwegian)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Varg_Vikernes&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burzum.org/">Official Burzum and Varg Vikernes home site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thuleanperspective.com/">Thulean Perspective</a> – Varg Vikernes' personal blog</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bitchute.com/channel/LeOgEMOhozqd/">Thulean Perspective</a> – Varg Vikernes' vlog archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/354942">Varg Vikernes</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207824#P1953" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Burzum" title="Template:Burzum"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Burzum" title="Template talk:Burzum"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Burzum" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Burzum"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Burzum" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Varg Vikernes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burzum_(album)" title="Burzum (album)">Burzum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_som_engang_var" title="Det som engang var">Det som engang var</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvis_lyset_tar_oss" title="Hvis lyset tar oss">Hvis lyset tar oss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filosofem" title="Filosofem">Filosofem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dau%C3%B0i_Baldrs" title="Dauði Baldrs">Dauði Baldrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hli%C3%B0skj%C3%A1lf_(album)" title="Hliðskjálf (album)">Hliðskjálf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belus_(album)" title="Belus (album)">Belus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_(Burzum_album)" title="Fallen (Burzum album)">Fallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umskiptar" title="Umskiptar">Umskiptar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4l_austan,_M%C3%A2ni_vestan" title="Sôl austan, Mâni vestan">Sôl austan, Mâni vestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ways_of_Yore" title="The Ways of Yore">The Ways of Yore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thul%C3%AAan_Mysteries" title="Thulêan Mysteries">Thulêan Mysteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aske_(EP)" title="Aske (EP)">Aske</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Depths_of_Darkness" title="From the Depths of Darkness">From the Depths of Darkness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoth" title="Samoth">Samoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronymous" title="Euronymous">Euronymous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Euronymous" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of Euronymous">Murder of Euronymous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(book)" title="Lords of Chaos (book)">Lords of Chaos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(film)" title="Lords of Chaos (film)">film</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Mayhem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayhem" title="Template:Mayhem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mayhem" title="Template talk:Mayhem"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayhem" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayhem"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayhem" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necrobutcher" title="Necrobutcher">Necrobutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Axel_Blomberg" title="Jan Axel Blomberg">Hellhammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attila_Csihar" title="Attila Csihar">Attila Csihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morten_Bergeton_Iversen" title="Morten Bergeton Iversen">Teloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hedger" title="Charles Hedger">Ghul</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euronymous" title="Euronymous">Euronymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sven_Erik_Kristiansen" title="Sven Erik Kristiansen">Maniac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_(musician)" title="Dead (musician)">Dead</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Count Grishnackh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorre_Ruch" class="mw-redirect" title="Snorre Ruch">Blackthorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rune_Eriksen" title="Rune Eriksen">Blasphemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krister_Dreyer" title="Krister Dreyer">Morfeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Mysteriis_Dom_Sathanas" title="De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas">De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Declaration_of_War" title="Grand Declaration of War">Grand Declaration of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(Mayhem_album)" title="Chimera (Mayhem album)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Ad_Chao" title="Ordo Ad Chao">Ordo Ad Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Warfare" title="Esoteric Warfare">Esoteric Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daemon_(album)" title="Daemon (album)">Daemon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Leipzig" title="Live in Leipzig">Live in Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_discography" title="Mayhem discography">Mediolanum Capta Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_discography" title="Mayhem discography">Live in Marseille 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_discography" title="Mayhem discography">Live in Zeitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_discography" title="Mayhem discography">De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas Alive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_discography" title="Mayhem discography">Live in Jessheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dawn_of_the_Black_Hearts" title="The Dawn of the Black Hearts">Live in Sarpsborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_discography" title="Mayhem discography">Daemonic Rites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deathcrush" title="Deathcrush">Deathcrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf%27s_Lair_Abyss" title="Wolf's Lair Abyss">Wolf's Lair Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_discography" title="Mayhem discography">Life Eternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atavistic_Black_Disorder_/_Kommando" class="mw-redirect" title="Atavistic Black Disorder / Kommando">Atavistic Black Disorder / Kommando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Split albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_/_Freezing_Moon" title="Jihad / Freezing Moon">Jihad / Freezing Moon</a> (with <a href="/wiki/The_Meads_of_Asphodel" title="The Meads of Asphodel">The Meads of Asphodel</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demos and singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Fucking_Armageddon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Fucking Armageddon">Pure Fucking Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_from_the_Dark" class="mw-redirect" title="Out from the Dark">Out from the Dark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Legions" title="European Legions">European Legions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayhem_discography" title="Mayhem discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayhem_band_members" title="List of Mayhem band members">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Early Norwegian black metal scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Originators_of_the_Northern_Darkness_%E2%80%93_A_Tribute_to_Mayhem" title="Originators of the Northern Darkness – A Tribute to Mayhem">Originators of the Northern Darkness – A Tribute to Mayhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Fucking_Mayhem" title="Pure Fucking Mayhem">Pure Fucking Mayhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(book)" title="Lords of Chaos (book)">Lords of Chaos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(film)" title="Lords of Chaos (film)">film</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neo-Nazism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neo-Nazism" title="Template:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neo-Nazism" title="Template talk:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Nazism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neo-Nazism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany and Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artgemeinschaft" title="Artgemeinschaft">Artgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The III. Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Germany)" title="The Right (Germany)">The Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Alliance for Peace and Freedom">Alliance for Peace and Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliansen_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliansen (Norway)">Alliansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentic_Croatian_Party_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Authentic Croatian Party of Rights">Authentic Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Movement_of_National_Pride" title="Bosnian Movement of National Pride">Bosnian Movement of National Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohti_Vapautta!" title="Kohti Vapautta!">Kohti Vapautta!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Europa" title="Imperium Europa">Imperium Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_Movement" title="Leviathan Movement">Leviathan Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Spain)" title="National Alliance (Spain)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Movement of Denmark">National Socialist Movement of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Social_Justice" title="Workers' Party of Social Justice">Workers' Party of Social Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood" title="Aryan Brotherhood">Aryan Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Freedom_Network" title="Aryan Freedom Network">Aryan Freedom Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barnes_Review" title="The Barnes Review">The Barnes Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Order_(Satanist_group)" title="Black Order (Satanist group)">Black Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins/Hammerskin Nation and Crew 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Klans_of_America" title="Imperial Klans of America">Imperial Klans of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_March" title="Iron March">Iron March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_United" title="Keystone United">Keystone United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misanthropic_Division" title="Misanthropic Division">Misanthropic Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_Association" title="National Socialism Association">National Socialism Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Japanese_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party">National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO_(1972)" title="NSDAP/AO (1972)">NSDAP/AO (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Renegade Tribune">Renegade Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany and Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Heidnische_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Heidnische Front">Deutsche Heidnische Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesinnungsgemeinschaft_der_Neuen_Front" title="Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front">Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alternative" title="German Alternative">German Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Immortals_(neo-Nazis)" title="The Immortals (neo-Nazis)">The Immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landig_Group" title="Landig Group">Landig Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Austria)" title="National Democratic Party (Austria)">National Democratic Party (Austria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Offensive" title="National Offensive">National Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground" title="National Socialist Underground">National Socialist Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(Italy)" title="National Vanguard (Italy)">Avanguardia Nazionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloed,_Bodem,_Eer_en_Trouw" title="Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw">Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Boys" title="Boot Boys">Boot Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEDADE" title="CEDADE">CEDADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_European_Nationalist_Party" title="French and European Nationalist Party">French and European Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Front" title="Hungarian National Front">Hungarian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Heathen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_stroj" title="Nacionalni stroj">Nacionalni stroj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Irish_Workers_Party" title="National Socialist Irish Workers Party">National Socialist Irish Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brotherhood" title="Northern Brotherhood">Northern Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Russian National Socialist Party">Russian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nordic_Realm_Party" title="The Nordic Realm Party">Nordic Realm Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Front" title="Norwegian Front">Norwegian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Germanic_Army" title="Norwegian Germanic Army">Norwegian Germanic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Flemish_Militants" title="Order of Flemish Militants">Order of Flemish Militants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nero" title="Ordine Nero">Ordine Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nuovo" title="Ordine Nuovo">Ordine Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Danes" title="Party of the Danes">Party of the Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Hungarica_Movement" title="Pax Hungarica Movement">Pax Hungarica Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Union" title="Russian National Union">Russian National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkspartei_der_Schweiz" title="Volkspartei der Schweiz">Volkspartei der Schweiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance_(Sweden)" title="White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)">White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Czech_Republic)" title="Workers' Party (Czech Republic)">Workers' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Republican_Army" title="Aryan Republican Army">Aryan Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_League" title="Australian Defence League">Australian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Australian National Socialist Party">Australian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party" title="Australia First Party">Australia First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Party" title="Azure Party">Azure Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nazi_Party" title="Canadian Nazi Party">Canadian Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Covenant,_the_Sword,_and_the_Arm_of_the_Lord" title="The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord">The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(Australia)" title="National Action (Australia)">National Action (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_(United_States)" title="National Socialist League (United States)">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_Australia" title="National Socialist Party of Australia">National Socialist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_New_Zealand" title="National Socialist Party of New Zealand">National Socialist Party of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_of_Canada" title="National Unity Party of Canada">National Unity Party of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Triumph_Party" title="New Triumph Party">New Triumph Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_36" title="Patrol 36">Patrol 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_88" title="Unit 88">Unit 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Revolution_(hate_group)" title="White Revolution (hate group)">White Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Allgier" title="Curtis Allgier">Curtis Allgier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Ewald_Althans" title="Bela Ewald Althans">Bela Ewald Althans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston-Armand_Amaudruz" title="Gaston-Armand Amaudruz">Gaston-Armand Amaudruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew Auernheimer/Weev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Louis Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Beattie" title="William John Beattie">William John Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">René Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Bolton" title="Kerry Bolton">Kerry Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Borrego" title="Salvador Borrego">Salvador Borrego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_von_Brunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James von Brunn">James von Brunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burdi" title="George Burdi">George Burdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Willis Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Casey_(white_supremacist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Casey (white supremacist)">Patrick Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Chapman_(New_Zealand_activist)" title="Kyle Chapman (New Zealand activist)">Kyle Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Cobb" title="Craig Cobb">Craig Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Collin" title="Frank Collin">Frank Collin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Cottrell" title="Blair Cottrell">Blair Cottrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Covington" title="Harold Covington">Harold Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee#Histories_of_plotters" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">Daniel Cowart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cvjetanovic" title="Peter Cvjetanovic">Peter Cvjetanovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Damigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Damigo">Nathan Damigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Léon Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Savitri Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Françoise Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting#Suspect" title="Poway synagogue shooting">John Timothy Earnest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ellison_(white_supremacist)" title="James Ellison (white supremacist)">James Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Michael Peinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Erikson" title="Neil Erikson">Neil Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Bert Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Felton" title="Leo Felton">Leo Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alex_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="James Alex Fields">James Alex Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Jef François">Jef François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Frankhouser" title="Roy Frankhouser">Roy Frankhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul_Franklin" title="Joseph Paul Franklin">Joseph Paul Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Franco Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Mark Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fromm_(white_supremacist)" title="Paul Fromm (white supremacist)">Paul Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(livestreamer)" title="Baked Alaska (livestreamer)">Anthime "Tim" Gionet/Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Gliebe" title="Erich Gliebe">Erich Gliebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_Glimmerveen" title="Joop Glimmerveen">Joop Glimmerveen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Ryne_Goldberg" title="Joshua Ryne Goldberg">Joshua Ryne Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Gy%C5%91rk%C3%B6s" title="István Győrkös">István Győrkös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_F._Hale" title="Matthew F. Hale">Matthew F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hartman_(Nazi_collaborator)" title="Jan Hartman (Nazi collaborator)">Jan Hartman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hill_(activist)" title="Michael Hill (activist)">Michael Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Hitler" title="Heath Hitler">Heath Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Kaldenberg" title="Wyatt Kaldenberg">Wyatt Kaldenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Kapi%C4%87" title="Virginia Kapić">Virginia Kapić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kasimovsky" title="Konstantin Kasimovsky">Konstantin Kasimovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_King-Ansell" title="Colin King-Ansell">Colin King-Ansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koehl" title="Matthias Koehl">Matthias Koehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kreis" title="August Kreis">August Kreis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Michael Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_K%C3%BCssel" title="Gottfried Küssel">Gottfried Küssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Kusters" title="Constant Kusters">Constant Kusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Kuttner" title="Robert E. Kuttner">Robert E. Kuttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">David Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lauck" title="Gary Lauck">Gary Lauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Adelheid_of_Lippe" title="Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe">Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klas_Lund" title="Klas Lund">Klas Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Madole" title="James H. Madole">James H. Madole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Mahieu" title="Jacques de Mahieu">Jacques de Mahieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Mahler" title="Horst Mahler">Horst Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manson" title="Charles Manson">Charles Manson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Martell" title="Clark Martell">Clark Martell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Maxim Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jay_Mathews" title="Robert Jay Mathews">Robert Jay Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Tom Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Glenn_Miller_Jr." title="Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.">Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Davud Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Mudde" title="Tim Mudde">Tim Mudde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Eustace Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindaugas_Murza" title="Mindaugas Murza">Mindaugas Murza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revilo_P._Oliver" title="Revilo P. Oliver">Revilo P. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Sikh_temple_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting">Wade Michael Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patler" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patler">John Patler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges#Vasillios_Pistolis" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">Vasillios Pistolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._T._Ready" title="J. T. Ready">J. T. Ready</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Otto Ernst Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Riccio" title="Bill Riccio">Bill Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Russell" title="Brandon Russell">Brandon Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povl_Riis-Knudsen" title="Povl Riis-Knudsen">Povl Riis-Knudsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_D._Robida" title="Jacob D. Robida">Jacob D. Robida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Roeder" title="Manfred Roeder">Manfred Roeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylann_Roof" title="Dylann Roof">Dylann Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Rosenkranz" title="Horst Rosenkranz">Horst Rosenkranz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_R%C3%B6ssler" title="Fritz Rössler">Fritz Rössler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Rost_van_Tonningen" title="Florentine Rost van Tonningen">Florentine Rost van Tonningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Rudel" title="Hans-Ulrich Rudel">Hans-Ulrich Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Saleam" title="Jim Saleam">Jim Saleam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Saxon" title="Kurt Saxon">Kurt Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Schipper" title="Gary Schipper">Gary Schipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee#Histories_of_plotters" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">Paul Schlesselman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schmidt_(Waffen-SS)" title="Hans Schmidt (Waffen-SS)">Hans Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Schoep" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Schoep">Jeff Schoep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Serrano" title="Miguel Serrano">Miguel Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiel_Smit" title="Michiel Smit">Michiel Smit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Independence_Day_weekend_shootings#Perpetrator" title="1999 Independence Day weekend shootings">Benjamin Nathaniel Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Otto Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Suhayda" title="Rocky Suhayda">Rocky Suhayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings#Perpetrator" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Brenton Harrison Tarrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Eugène Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Keith_Thompson" title="H. Keith Thompson">H. Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Tienen" title="Paul van Tienen">Paul van Tienen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tommasi" title="Joseph Tommasi">Joseph Tommasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Tremaine" title="Terry Tremaine">Terry Tremaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_van_Tongeren" title="Jack van Tongeren">Jack van Tongeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Veh" title="Russell Veh">Russell Veh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Verbeke" title="Siegfried Verbeke">Siegfried Verbeke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_White_(neo-Nazi)" title="Bill White (neo-Nazi)">Bill White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wolthuis" title="Jan Wolthuis">Jan Wolthuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges#Samuel_Woodward" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">Samuel Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worch" title="Christian Worch">Christian Worch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Ernst Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Nazism" title="Category:Neo-Nazism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Simple_living" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Simple_living" title="Template:Simple living"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Simple_living" title="Template talk:Simple living"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Simple_living" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Simple living"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Simple_living" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-cutting" title="Cord-cutting">Cord-cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downshifting_(lifestyle)" title="Downshifting (lifestyle)">Downshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_toilet" title="Dry toilet">Dry toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">Forest gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-impact_development_(UK)" title="Low-impact development (UK)">Low-impact development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_frills" title="No frills">No frills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-the-grid" title="Off-the-grid">Off-the-grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regift" class="mw-redirect" title="Regift">Regift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">Self-sufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_living" title="Slow living">Slow living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow movement (culture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">Subsistence agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_living" title="Sustainable living">Sustainable living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sustainable sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">War tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWOOF" title="WWOOF">WWOOF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Religious and spiritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detachment (philosophy)">Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant" title="Mendicant">Mendicant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Monasticism" title="New Monasticism">New Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_people" title="Plain people">Plain people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Simplicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Testimony of Simplicity">Testimony of simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_communities" title="Twelve Tribes communities">Twelve Tribes communities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Secular movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">Back-to-the-land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car-free_movement" title="Car-free movement">Car-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Small house movement">Small house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny house movement">Tiny house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_town" title="Transition town">Transition town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Notable writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Berry" title="Wendell Berry">Wendell Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Callenbach" title="Ernest Callenbach">Ernest Callenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Elgin" title="Duane Elgin">Duane Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gregg_(social_philosopher)" title="Richard Gregg (social philosopher)">Richard Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hodgkinson" title="Tom Hodgkinson">Tom Hodgkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Hubbard" title="Harlan Hubbard">Harlan Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar" title="Satish Kumar">Satish Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Nearing" title="Helen Nearing">Helen Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Rosen_(British_filmmaker)" title="Nick Rosen (British filmmaker)">Nick Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Semple" title="Dugald Semple">Dugald Semple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">E. F. Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Skene_Keith_(physician)" title="George Skene Keith (physician)">George Skene Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Modern-day adherents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boyle_(Moneyless_Man)" title="Mark Boyle (Moneyless Man)">Mark Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Greenfield" title="Robin Greenfield">Robin Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentti_Linkola" title="Pentti Linkola">Pentti Linkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Merkel" title="Jim Merkel">Jim Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo">Suelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_(activist)" title="Thomas (activist)">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anekdote_zur_Senkung_der_Arbeitsmoral" title="Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral">Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Affluenza" title="Escape from Affluenza">Escape from Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Life_(1975_TV_series)" title="The Good Life (1975 TV series)">The Good Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_the_Sledgehammer" title="The Moon and the Sledgehammer">The Moon and the Sledgehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Earth_News" title="Mother Earth News">Mother Earth News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Half" title="The Power of Half">The Power of Half</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Is_Beautiful" title="Small Is Beautiful">Small Is Beautiful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateurism">Amateurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_miles" title="Food miles">Food miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">The good life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonophobia" title="Hedonophobia">Hedonophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_living" title="Intentional living">Intentional living</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering" title="Rainbow Gathering">Rainbow Gathering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itinerant_groups_in_Europe" title="Itinerant groups in Europe">Itinerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-technology">Low-technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">Peak oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Work–life interface">Work–life interface</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207824#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207824#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207824#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000399103319">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19442050">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj8QDyVCR8hCJPywf4cyd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2006114598">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99005195">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810630399205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007583038705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/98f99ce2-245f-4c6f-8aa9-02914c86039e">MusicBrainz</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/710d3347-8bbf-4f48-bcda-19a9e33601a8">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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title="Category:Norwegian non-fiction writers">Norwegian non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Norwegian_YouTubers" title="Category:Norwegian YouTubers">Norwegian YouTubers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Obscenity_controversies_in_music" title="Category:Obscenity controversies in music">Obscenity controversies in music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_Funeral_members" title="Category:Old Funeral members">Old Funeral members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Outsider_musicians" title="Category:Outsider musicians">Outsider musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_of_arson" title="Category:People convicted of arson">People convicted of arson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_of_murder_by_Norway" title="Category:People convicted of murder by Norway">People convicted of murder by Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_of_racial_hatred_offences" title="Category:People convicted of racial hatred 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