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this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Doctor_Who" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Who&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDoctor_Who%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDoctor_Who%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34316" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-protectedpagetext"><div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1099782930">.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat h2{margin-top:1em;border-bottom:0;font-size:130%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.15em}.mw-parser-output .pptext-submit{list-style:none;display:inline;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:2em}.mw-parser-output .pptext-whywhat>div{flex:1 1 400px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238441935">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#300}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#300}}</style><table id="mw-protectedpagetext" class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border-style:none;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-protection" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/60px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/80px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:130%;"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div style="text-align: center;">This page is currently semi-protected so that only <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels#Autoconfirmed" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">established</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">registered users</a> can edit it.</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="pptext-whywhat"> <div class="pptext-why"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Why_is_the_page_protected?"><span id="Why_is_the_page_protected.3F"></span>Why is the page protected?</h2></div> <ul> <li>While most articles can be edited by anyone, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#Semi-protection" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">semi-protection</a> is sometimes necessary to prevent <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">vandalism</a> to popular pages.</li> <li>The reason for protection can be found in the <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=protect&page=Doctor+Who">protection log</a>. If there are no relevant entries in the protection log, the page may have been moved after being protected. </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pptext-what"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_can_I_do?"><span id="What_can_I_do.3F"></span>What can I do?</h2></div> <ul> <li>If you have a user account, <a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">log in</a> first. If you do not yet have an account, you may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&type=signup&campaign=semiprotectednotice">create one</a>; after <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels#Autoconfirmed_users" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">4 days and 10 edits</a>, you will be able to edit semi-protected pages.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Talk:Doctor_Who" title="Talk:Doctor Who">Discuss this page</a> with others.</li> <li>For move-protected pages, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">requested moves</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection#Current_requests_for_reduction_in_protection_level" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">Request that the page's protection level be reduced</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Find out more about how to get started editing Wikipedia</a>.</li> <li>If you have noticed an error or have a suggestion for a <b>simple, non-controversial change</b>, you can submit an edit request by clicking the button below and following the instructions. An <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels#Autoconfirmed_users" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">established user</a> may then make the change on your behalf. Please check <a href="/wiki/Talk:Doctor_Who" title="Talk:Doctor Who">the talk page</a> first in case the issue is already being discussed.</li> <li class="pptext-submit"><div> <p><span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ADoctor_Who&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+semi-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Semi-protected+edit+request+on+23+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+semi-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Doctor+Who"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">Submit an edit request</span></a></span> </p> </div></li> <li>If you wrote any text, please save it temporarily to your device until you can edit this page.</li> </ul> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div id="editnotice-area" class="editnotice-area mw-parser-output" style="clear: both; width: 100%;"> <div class="editnotice-link" style="clear: both; float: right; margin: 0px 0.8em; padding: 0; line-height: 1em;"> <small> <a href="/wiki/Template:Editnotices/Page/Doctor_Who" title="Template:Editnotices/Page/Doctor Who">Page notice</a></small> </div> <div class="editnotice-page" style="clear: both; width: 100%;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238441935"><table class="fmbox fmbox-editnotice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="editnotice-header" style="font-weight: bold;">Things to remember when editing this article</div> <p>Like many articles, this article is prone to changes that violate our guidelines and policies, for example <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:OR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:OR">speculation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SYN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SYN">personal conclusions</a> as well as rumors and content added without a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable source</a>. Although we understand that you want to share things you think are missing in this article, please try to avoid adding such content.<br />In particular, please... </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>...do <i><b>not change</b></i> the spelling from <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> to <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>.</li></ul></dd></dl></td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div style="clear: both;"></div></div></div></li></ul> <li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">‪L235‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/80px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. 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E. Webber]] | [[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]] }} | showrunner = {{unbulleted list | [[List of Doctor Who producers#Showrunner/headwriter credits|Various]] | ({{as of|2024|lc=y}}, [[Russell T Davies]]) }} | writer = [[List of Doctor Who writers|Various]] | starring = {{unbulleted list | [[List of actors who have played the Doctor|Various Doctors]] | ({{as of|2024|lc=y}}, [[Ncuti Gatwa]]) | [[Companion (Doctor Who)|Various companions]] | ({{as of|2024|lc=y}}, [[Millie Gibson]]) }} | theme_music_composer = [[Ron Grainer]] | opentheme = [[Doctor Who theme music|''Doctor Who'' theme music]] | composer = {{unbulleted list | [[List of Doctor Who composers|Various]] | ({{as of|2024|lc=y}}, [[Murray Gold]]) }} | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_seasons = 26 (1963–1989) | num_series = 14 (2005–present) | num_episodes = {{unbulleted list | {{DW episode count}} ([[Doctor Who missing episodes|97 missing]]) | {{DW episode count|story}} stories }} | list_episodes = Lists of Doctor Who episodes | executive_producer = {{unbulleted list | [[List of Doctor Who producers#Executive producer credits|Various]] | ({{as of|2024|lc=y}}, Russell T Davies, [[Julie Gardner]], [[Jane Tranter]], Joel Collins, and [[Phil&nbsp;Collinson]]) }} | camera = {{unbulleted list | [[Multi-camera]] (1963–1989) | [[Single-camera]] (2005–pres.) }} | runtime = {{collapsible list|title={{nobold|18–90 minutes}}| | {{indented plainlist| * 18–29 mins (1963–1984, 1986–1989){{efn|name=90min|Some special episodes have a running time of up to 90 minutes.}} * 44–46 mins (1984, 1985) * 85–89 mins (1996){{efn|The [[Doctor Who (film)|1996 television movie]] has a running time in [[NTSC]] regions of 89 minutes. In [[PAL]] regions, the film is affected by [[PAL speedup]], shortening the running time to 85 minutes.<ref name="1996 Speedup"/>}} * 41–76 mins (2005–present){{efn|name=90min}} }} }} | network = [[BBC1]]{{efn|Known as BBC TV until 1964}} | first_aired = {{Start date|1963|11|23|df=y}} | last_aired = {{End date|1989|12|6|df=y}} | network2 = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] / BBC1{{efn|The [[Doctor Who (film)|1996 television movie]] premiered on the Canadian station [[CITV-DT]] on 12 May 1996.}} | first_aired2 = {{Start date|1996|5|14|df=y}} / 27 May 1996 | network3 = [[BBC One]]{{efn|From 2024, new episodes were released online on [[BBC iPlayer]] ahead of their television broadcast on BBC One.}} | first_aired3 = {{Start date|2005|3|26|df=y}} | last_aired3 = {{End date|present|df=y}} | network4 = [[Disney+]]{{efn|Excluding the United Kingdom and Ireland}} | first_aired4 = {{Start date|2023|11|25|df=y}} | last_aired4 = {{End date|present|df=y}} | company = [[BBC Studios Productions]]<br />[[Bad Wolf (production company)|Bad{{nbsp}}Wolf]]<span class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">{{Unbulleted indent list| | [[BBC Television]] (1963–1989) | [[BBC Worldwide]] (1996) | [[Universal Television]] (1996) | [[BBC Wales]] (2005–2018) | [[BBC Studios]] (2016–2022) | Bad Wolf (2023–present) | BBC Studios Productions (2023–present) }}</span> | related = [[Whoniverse]] }} '''''Doctor Who''''' is a British [[science fiction television series]] broadcast by the [[BBC]] since 1963. The series, created by [[Sydney Newman]], [[C. E. Webber]] and [[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]], depicts the adventures of an [[extraterrestrial being]] called [[the Doctor]], part of a [[humanoid]] species called [[Time Lord]]s. The Doctor travels in the universe and in time using a [[time travelling]] [[Spacecraft|spaceship]] called the [[TARDIS]], which externally appears as a British [[police box]]. While travelling, the Doctor works to save lives and liberate [[oppressed]] peoples by combating [[List of Doctor Who villains|foes]]. The Doctor often travels with [[Companion (Doctor Who)|companions]]. Beginning with [[William Hartnell]], [[List of actors who have played the Doctor|fourteen actors]] have headlined the series as the Doctor; {{as of|2024|lc=y}}, [[Ncuti Gatwa]] leads the series as the [[Fifteenth Doctor]]. The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the series with the [[Regeneration (Doctor Who)|concept of regeneration]] into a new [[incarnation]], a [[plot device]] in which, when a Time Lord is fatally injured, their cells regenerate and they are reincarnated, into a different body with mannerisms and behaviour, but the same memories, explaining each actor's distinct portrayal, as they all represent different stages in the life of the Doctor and, together, they form a single lifetime with a single narrative. The time-travelling nature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet. In 2017, [[Jodie Whittaker]], as the [[Thirteenth Doctor]], became the first woman to be cast in the lead role. The series is a significant part of [[popular culture]] in Britain<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICONS. A Portrait of England |url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/doctor-who |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103085551/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/doctor-who |archive-date=3 November 2007 |access-date=10 November 2007}}</ref> and elsewhere; it has gained a [[cult following]]. It has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=Do You Remember the First Time? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/confidential/episodes/episode_310.shtml |access-date=20 December 2019 |series=Doctor Who Confidential |series-link=Doctor Who Confidential |network=[[BBC]] |station=BBC Three |date=9 June 2007 |quote=Director and presenter: [[David Tennant]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205024151/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/confidential/episodes/episode_310.shtml |archive-date=5 December 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Doctor Who fandom|Fans of the series]] are sometimes referred to as ''Whovians''. The series has been listed in ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' as the longest-running science-fiction television series in the world,<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2006 |title=Dr Who 'longest-running sci-fi' |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5390372.stm |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525115004/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5390372.stm |archive-date=25 May 2012}}</ref> as well as the "most successful" science-fiction series of all time, based on its overall broadcast ratings, [[DVD]] and book sales.<ref name="Miller">{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Liz Shannon |date=26 July 2009 |title='Doctor Who' honored by Guinness |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2009/biz/news/doctor-who-honored-by-guinness-1118006512/ |url-status=dead |access-date=8 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801070428/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118006512.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&nid=2562 |archive-date=1 August 2009}}</ref> The series originally ran from 1963 to 1989. There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a [[backdoor pilot]] in the form of a television film titled ''[[Doctor Who (film)|Doctor Who]]''. The series was [[History of Doctor Who#Ninth Doctor|relaunched in 2005]] and was produced in-house by [[BBC Wales]] in [[Cardiff]]. Since 2023, the show has been co-produced by [[Bad Wolf (production company)|Bad Wolf]] and [[BBC Studios Productions]] in Cardiff. ''Doctor Who'' has spawned numerous [[Doctor Who spin-offs|spin-offs]] as part of the [[Whoniverse]], including comic books, films, novels and audio dramas, and the television series ''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–2011), ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–2011), ''[[K9 (TV series)|K9]]'' (2009–2010), ''[[Class (2016 TV series)|Class]]'' (2016), ''[[Tales of the TARDIS]]'' (2023–2024), and the upcoming ''[[The War Between the Land and the Sea]]''. It has been the subject of many [[List of Doctor Who parodies|parodies]] and [[Doctor Who in popular culture|references in popular culture]]. {{TOC limit|3}} ==Premise== ''Doctor Who'' follows the adventures of the title character, a rogue [[Time Lord]] with somewhat unknown origins who goes by the name "[[the Doctor]]". The Doctor fled [[Gallifrey]], the planet of the Time Lords, in a stolen [[TARDIS]] ("Time and Relative Dimension(s) in Space"), a [[time machine]] that travels by materialising into, and dematerialising out of, the time vortex. The TARDIS has a vast interior but appears smaller on the outside, and is equipped with a "[[chameleon circuit]]" intended to make the machine take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise. Because of a malfunction, the Doctor's TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British [[police box]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Doctor Who: Why The Tardis Looks Like A Police Box |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-tardis-police-box-reason/ |access-date=16 April 2023 |work=Screen Rant}}</ref> Across time and space, the Doctor's many incarnations often find events that pique their curiosity, and try to prevent evil forces from harming innocent people or changing history, using only ingenuity and minimal resources, such as the versatile [[sonic screwdriver]]. The Doctor rarely travels alone and is often joined by one or more [[Companion (Doctor Who)|companions]] on these adventures; these companions are usually humans, owing to the Doctor's fascination with planet [[Earth]], which also leads to frequent collaborations with the international military task force [[UNIT]] when Earth is threatened.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bacon |first=Thomas |date=25 November 2023 |title=Doctor Who's UNIT: Origins & History With The Doctor Explained |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-unit-scientific-advisers-history-explained/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> The Doctor is centuries old and, as a Time Lord, has the ability to [[Regeneration (Doctor Who)|regenerate]] when there is mortal damage to their body.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elvy |first=Craig |date=28 August 2019 |title=Why Each Doctor Regenerated In Doctor Who |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-every-regeneration-reason/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> The Doctor's various incarnations have gained numerous recurring enemies during their travels, including the [[Dalek]]s, their creator [[Davros]], the [[Cybermen]], and the renegade Time Lord [[The Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]].<ref name="DeadliestVillains">{{Cite web |last1=Ashford |first1=Sage |last2=Lowthian |first2=Declan |date=23 September 2018 |title=The 25 Deadliest Doctor Who Villains in the Franchise, Ranked |url=https://www.cbr.com/doctor-who-villains-ranked/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=CBR}}</ref> ==History== {{Main|History of Doctor Who{{!}}History of ''Doctor Who''}} ''Doctor Who'' was originally intended to appeal to a family audience<ref>Howe, Stammers, Walker (1992), p. 3.</ref> as an educational programme using time travel as a means to explore scientific ideas and famous moments in history. The programme first appeared on the [[BBC One|BBC Television Service]] at 17:16:20 [[GMT]] on 23 November 1963; this was eighty seconds later than the scheduled programme time, because of announcements concerning the previous day's [[assassination of John F. Kennedy]].<ref>Howe, Stammers, Walker (1994), p. 54</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2012 |title=An Unearthly Child |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/unearthlychild/detail.shtml |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626184328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/unearthlychild/detail.shtml |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> It was to be a regular weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length. Discussions and plans for the programme had been in progress for a year. The [[BBC television drama|head of drama]] [[Sydney Newman]] was mainly responsible for developing the programme, with the first format document for the series being written by Newman along with the head of the script department (later head of serials) [[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]] and staff writer [[C. E. Webber]]; in a 1971 interview Wilson claimed to have named the series, and when this claim was put to Newman he did not dispute it.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burk |first=Graeme |title=Head of Drama: The Memoir of Sydney Newman |date=2017 |publisher=[[ECW Press]] |isbn=978-1-77041-304-7 |location=[[Toronto]] |pages=450–1}}</ref> Writer [[Anthony Coburn]], [[Script editor|story editor]] [[David Whitaker (screenwriter)|David Whitaker]] and initial producer [[Verity Lambert]] also heavily contributed to the development of the series.<ref>Howe, Stammers, Walker (1994), pp. 157–230 ("Production Diary")</ref>{{efn|Newman is often given sole creator credit for the series. Some reference works such as ''The Complete Encyclopedia of Television Programs 1947–1979'' by Vincent Terrace erroneously credit Terry Nation with creating ''Doctor Who'', because of the way his name is credited in the two Peter Cushing films.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/5dk7pttwlywTJL6YgGR2HGP/who-created-who |title=Who Created Who? |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>}} On 31 July 1963, Whitaker commissioned [[Terry Nation]] to write a story under the title ''The Mutants''. As originally written, the [[Dalek]]s and [[Thals]] were the victims of an alien [[neutron bomb]] attack but Nation later dropped the aliens and made the Daleks the aggressors. When the script was presented to Wilson, it was immediately rejected as the programme was not permitted to contain any "[[bug-eyed monster]]s". According to Lambert, "We didn't have a lot of choice—we only had the Dalek serial to go&nbsp;... We had a bit of a crisis of confidence because Donald [Wilson] was so adamant that we shouldn't make it. Had we had anything else ready we would have made that." Nation's script became the second ''Doctor Who'' serial&nbsp;– ''[[The Daleks]]'' (also known as ''The Mutants''). The serial introduced the eponymous aliens that would become the series' most popular monsters, dubbed "Dalekmania", and was responsible for the BBC's first merchandising boom.<ref>Steve Tribe; James Goss (2011). ''Dr Who: The Dalek Handbook''. [[BBC Books]]. [[Random House]]. {{ISBN|978-1-84990-232-8}}. p. 9.</ref> {{Quote box | quote = We had to rely on the story because there was little we could do with the effects. ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' in a way was the turning point. Once ''Star Wars'' had happened, ''Doctor Who'' effectively was out of date from that moment on really, judged by that level of technological expertise. | source =&nbsp;—[[Philip Hinchcliffe]], producer of ''Doctor Who'' from 1974 to 1977, on why the "classic series" eventually fell behind other science fiction in production values and reputation, leading to its cancellation<ref>Voice-over commentary on the BBC DVD "''[[The Robots of Death]]''" (1977, 2000)</ref> | align = right | width = 25% | style = padding:10px; }} The BBC drama department produced the programme for 26 seasons, broadcast on [[BBC One]]. Due to his increasingly poor health, [[William Hartnell]], first actor to play the Doctor, was succeeded by [[Patrick Troughton]] in 1966. In 1970, [[Jon Pertwee]] replaced Troughton and the series began production in colour. In 1974, [[Tom Baker]] was cast as the Doctor. His eccentric personality became hugely popular, with viewing figures for the series returning to a level not seen since the height of "Dalekmania" a decade earlier.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyons |first=Kevin |date=31 January 2014 |title=Tom Baker: the definitive Doctor Who? |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/tom-baker-definitive-doctor-who |access-date=12 June 2020 |website=BFI}}</ref> After seven years in the role, Baker was replaced by [[Peter Davison]] in 1981, and [[Colin Baker]] replaced Davison in 1984. In 1985, the channel's controller [[Michael Grade]] cancelled the upcoming twenty-third season, forcing the series into an eighteen-month hiatus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeffery |first=Morgan |date=23 November 2015 |title=In Defence of... Doctor Who in the 1980s |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a774897/in-defence-of-doctor-who-in-the-1980s/ |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ley |first=Shaun |date=29 May 2013 |title=Was Doctor Who rubbish in the 1980s? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-22628484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040256/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-22628484 |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=9 May 2020 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="mcewan">{{cite web |last=McEwan |first=Cameron K. |date=3 December 2018 |title=Doctor Who star Peter Davison thinks he 'dodged a bullet' by quitting when he did |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a871595/peter-davison-doctor-who-exit-dodged-bullet/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040153/https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a871595/peter-davison-doctor-who-exit-dodged-bullet/ |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=9 May 2020 |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> In 1986, the series was recommissioned on the condition that Baker left the role of the Doctor,<ref name="mcewan"/> which was recast to [[Sylvester McCoy]] in 1987. Falling viewing numbers, a decline in the public perception of the series and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production ended in 1989 by [[Peter Cregeen]], the BBC's new head of series.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Graeme Burk |first=Robert Smith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iTUFAQAAQBAJ&q=peter+cregeen+cancelled+doctor+who&pg=PT520 |title=Who's 50: The 50 Doctor Who Stories to Watch Before You Die |date=2013 |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=9781770411661 |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040352/https://books.google.com/books?id=iTUFAQAAQBAJ&q=peter+cregeen+cancelled+doctor+who&pg=PT520 |archive-date=16 November 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although it was effectively [[cancellation (television)|cancelled]], the BBC repeatedly affirmed over several years that the series would return.<ref name="8thdrspecial" /> While in-house production concluded, the BBC explored an independent production company to relaunch the series. [[Philip Segal]], a British [[expatriate]] who worked for [[Columbia Pictures]]' [[Columbia Pictures Television|television arm]] in the United States, had approached the BBC as early as July 1989, while the 26th season was still in production.<ref name="8thdrspecial">Doctor Who Magazine Eighth Doctor Special, Panini Comics 2003</ref> Segal's negotiations eventually led to a [[Doctor Who (film)|''Doctor Who'' television film]] as a [[Television pilot|pilot]] for an American series, broadcast on the [[Fox Network]] in 1996, as an [[international co-production]] between Fox, [[Universal Pictures]], the BBC and [[BBC Worldwide]]. Starring [[Paul McGann]] as the Doctor, the film was successful in the UK (with 9.1&nbsp;million viewers), but was less so in the United States and did not lead to a series.<ref name="8thdrspecial" /> Licensed media such as novels and audio plays provided [[Doctor Who spin-offs|new stories]], but as a television programme, ''Doctor Who'' remained dormant. In September 2003,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibson |first=Owen |date=26 September 2003 |title=Doctor Who returns to BBC1 screens |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/sep/26/bbc.broadcasting |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930145106/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/sep/26/bbc.broadcasting |archive-date=30 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who returns to BBC ONE |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2003/09_september/26/dr_who.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061225183425/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2003/9_september/26/dr_who.shtml |archive-date=25 December 2006 |access-date=23 July 2020 |website=bbc.co.uk}}</ref> [[BBC Television]] announced the in-house production of a new series, after several years of attempts by BBC Worldwide to find backing for a feature film version. The 2005 revival of ''Doctor Who'' is a direct [[Continuity (fiction)|plot continuation]] of the original 1963–1989 series and the 1996 television film. The executive producers of the new incarnation of the series were ''[[Queer as Folk (British TV series)|Queer as Folk]]'' writer [[Russell T Davies]] and [[BBC Cymru Wales]] head of drama [[Julie Gardner]]. From 2005, the series switched from a [[multi-camera]] to a [[single-camera]] setup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC – Doctor Who – Graeme Harper Interview |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/features/interviews/interview_advent_08_graeme_harper/page/4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102115557/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/features/interviews/interview_advent_08_graeme_harper/page/4 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |access-date=2 January 2019 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> [[File:Peter Davison, Sylvester McCoy, Colin Baker (24 November 2013) (2).jpg|thumb|The 50th anniversary of ''Doctor Who'' convention, held over three days at the [[ExCeL London]] in November 2013, included an appearance of three former Doctors: pictured left to right: [[Peter Davison]], [[Sylvester McCoy]] and [[Colin Baker]].]] Starring [[Christopher Eccleston]] as the Doctor, ''Doctor Who'' returned with the episode [[Rose (Doctor Who episode)|"Rose"]] on BBC One on 26 March 2005, after a 16-year hiatus of in-house production.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Doctor Who is Saturday night hit |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4385801.stm |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219132727/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4385801.stm |archive-date=19 December 2019}}</ref> Eccleston left after one series and was replaced by [[David Tennant]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Davies |first1=Russell T |title=Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale: The Final Chapter |last2=Cook |first2=Benjamin |publisher=[[BBC Books]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84607-861-3 |location=London |page=216}}</ref> Davies left the production team in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brook |first1=Stephen |last2=Robbins |first2=Peter |date=23 December 2009 |title=Doctor Who's departing Davies reveals debt to Pop Idol |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2009/dec/23/doctor-who-russell-davies-tennant |website=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref> [[Steven Moffat]], a writer under Davies, was announced as his successor, along with [[Matt Smith]] as the new Doctor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 June 2008 |title=Profile: Russell T Davies |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7453623.stm |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163731/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7453623.stm |archive-date=3 August 2018}}</ref> Smith decided to leave the role of the Doctor in 2013, the 50th anniversary year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Masters |first=Tim |date=1 June 2013 |title=Matt Smith to leave Doctor Who at the end of year |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22741493#:~:text=Doctor%20Who%20star%20Matt%20Smith,year%2C%20the%20BBC%20has%20announced.&text=Doctor%20Who%20marks%20its%2050th,%22kept%20tightly%20under%20wraps%22. |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040239/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-22741493#:~:text=Doctor%20Who%20star%20Matt%20Smith,year%2C%20the%20BBC%20has%20announced.&text=Doctor%20Who%20marks%20its%2050th,%22kept%20tightly%20under%20wraps%22. |archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> He was replaced by [[Peter Capaldi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2013 |title=Doctor Who: Peter Capaldi revealed as 12th Doctor |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23570354 |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427073433/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-23570354 |archive-date=27 April 2014}}</ref> In January 2016, Moffat announced that he would step down after the [[The Doctor Falls|2017 finale]], to be replaced by [[Chris Chibnall]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dowell |first=Ben |title=Steven Moffat quits Doctor Who to be replaced by Chris Chibnall in 2018 |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-01-22/doctor-who-showrunner-steven-moffat-quits-to-be-replaced-by-broadchurch-creator-chris-chibnall |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714153522/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-01-22/doctor-who-showrunner-steven-moffat-quits-to-be-replaced-by-broadchurch-creator-chris-chibnall/ |archive-date=14 July 2018 |access-date=22 January 2016 |website=RadioTimes}}</ref> [[Jodie Whittaker]], the first female Doctor, appeared in three series, the last of which was shortened due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2020 |title=Doctor Who boss confirms series 13 will be shorter as filming begins |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a34645768/doctor-who-series-13-shorter-filming-starts/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref> Both Whittaker and Chibnall announced that they would depart the series after a series of specials in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kanter |first=Jake |date=29 July 2021 |title='Doctor Who': BBC Confirms Jodie Whittaker & Chris Chibnall Are Leaving The Iconic Sci-Fi Series |url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/doctor-who-jodie-whittaker-chris-chibnall-quit-bbc-show-1234802150/ |accessdate=4 January 2024 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Davies returned as showrunner from the [[Doctor Who (2023 specials)|60th anniversary specials]], twelve years after he had left the series previously.<ref name="RTDreturns"/> [[Bad Wolf (production company)|Bad Wolf]] co-produces the series in partnership with [[BBC Studios Productions]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/entertainment/doctor-who-bbc-partnering-disney-transform-show-global-franchise-1933434 |title=Doctor Who: BBC partnering with Disney to 'transform show into global franchise' with 'shared creative vision' |last=Duffy |first=Nick |work=[[i (newspaper)|i]] |date=25 October 2022 |accessdate=31 December 2023 }}</ref> Bad Wolf's involvement sees Gardner return to the series alongside Davies and [[Jane Tranter]], who recommissioned the series in 2005.<ref name="RTDreturns">{{Cite web |last=Whittock |first=Jesse |date=24 September 2021 |title=Russell T Davies returns to Doctor Who |url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/drama/russell-t-davies-returns-to-doctor-who/5163606.article |access-date=25 September 2021 |website=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]}}</ref> The programme has been sold to many other countries worldwide {{see below|{{slink||Viewership}}}}. ===Public consciousness=== It has been claimed that the transmission of the first episode was delayed by ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassination]] of US President [[John F. Kennedy]] the previous day; in fact, it went out after a delay of eighty seconds.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V075SAAACAAJ |title=The Television Companion: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to Doctor Who |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |publisher=[[Telos Publishing]] |year=2004 |isbn=1-903889-51-0 |edition=2nd |location=[[Canterbury]] |author-link=David J. Howe}}</ref> The BBC believed that coverage of the assassination, as well as a series of power blackouts across the country, had caused many viewers to miss this introduction to a new series, and it was broadcast again on 30 November 1963, just before episode two.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kenneth Muir |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMKSCgAAQBAJ&q=doctor+who+unearthly+child+30+november+1963+jfk&pg=PA11 |title=A Critical History of Doctor Who on Television |date=15 September 2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9781476604541 |access-date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040141/https://books.google.com/books?id=qMKSCgAAQBAJ&q=doctor+who+unearthly+child+30+november+1963+jfk&pg=PA11 |archive-date=16 November 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who's First Episode: An Unearthly Child |url=http://www.televisionheaven.co.uk/dw3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015194327/http://televisionheaven.co.uk/dw3.htm |archive-date=15 October 2012 |access-date=6 September 2013 |publisher=televisionheaven.co.uk}}</ref> [[File:Doctor Who Experience (13080763345).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|The [[Doctor Who exhibitions|''Doctor Who Experience'']] in [[Cardiff]]. The programme's broad appeal attracts audiences of children and families as well as [[science fiction fans]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leith |first=Sam |date=4 July 2008 |title=Worshipping Doctor Who from behind the sofa |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2008/07/05/do0502.xml |url-status=dead |access-date=7 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706030948/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2008%2F07%2F05%2Fdo0502.xml |archive-date=6 July 2008}}</ref>]] The programme soon became a national institution in the United Kingdom, with a large following among the general viewing audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Anthony |title=Doctor Who (1963–89, 2005–) |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/454592/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207192801/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/454592/index.html |archive-date=7 February 2007 |access-date=21 March 2007 |website=[[Screenonline]] |quote=The science fiction adventure series Doctor Who (BBC, 1963–89) has created a phenomenon unlike any other British TV programme.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tulloch |first=John |title=Doctor Who |url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/doctorwho/doctorwho.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211080018/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/doctorwho/doctorwho.htm |archive-date=11 February 2007 |access-date=21 March 2007 |website=[[Museum of Broadcast Communications]] |quote=The official fans have never amounted to more than a fraction of the audience. Doctor Who achieved the status of an institution as well as a cult.}}</ref> The show received controversy over the suitability of the series for children. Morality campaigner [[Mary Whitehouse]] repeatedly complained to the BBC over what she saw as the programme's violent, frightening and gory content. According to ''[[Radio Times]]'', the series "never had a more implacable foe than Mary Whitehouse".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who's most controversial episodes |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2020-08-07/doctor-who-controversial-episodes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040155/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2020-08-07/doctor-who-controversial-episodes/ |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=Radio Times}}</ref> A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence ("any act[s] which may cause physical and/or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental"), ''Doctor Who'' was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time.<ref name="times-violence">{{Cite news |last=Howard |first=Philip |date=29 January 1972 |title=Violence is not really Dr Who's cup of tea |page=2 |work=The Times}}</ref> The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience believed the series was "very unsuitable" for family viewing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 January 1972 |title=The Times Diary—Points of view |page=16 |work=The Times}}</ref> Responding to the findings of the survey in ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that, "to compare the violence of ''Dr Who'', sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare, with the more realistic violence of other television series, where actors who look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood, is like comparing [[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]] with the property market in London: both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously."<ref name="times-violence" /> During [[Jon Pertwee]]'s [[Doctor Who season 8|second season]] as the Doctor, in the serial ''[[Terror of the Autons]]'' (1971), images of murderous plastic dolls, daffodils killing unsuspecting victims, and blank-featured policemen marked the apex of the series' ability to frighten children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC&nbsp;– Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide&nbsp;– Terror of the Autons |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/terrorautons/detail.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418002618/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/terrorautons/detail.shtml |archive-date=18 April 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Other notable moments in that decade include a disembodied brain falling to the floor in ''[[The Brain of Morbius]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide&nbsp;– The Brain of Morbius |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/brainmorbius/detail.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119031338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/brainmorbius/detail.shtml |archive-date=19 January 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> and the Doctor apparently being drowned by a villain in ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'' (both 1976).<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC&nbsp;– Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide&nbsp;– The Deadly Assassin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/deadlyassassin/detail.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330042451/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/deadlyassassin/detail.shtml |archive-date=30 March 2014 |access-date=25 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Mary Whitehouse's complaint about the latter incident prompted a change in BBC policy towards the series, with much tighter controls imposed on the production team,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Season 14 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/season14.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040154/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/season14.shtml |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=[[BBC Online]]}}</ref> and the series' next producer, [[Graham Williams (television producer)|Graham Williams]], was under a directive to take out "anything graphic in the depiction of violence".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=David J. Howe |title=Doctor Who: The Seventies |last2=Mark Stammers |last3=Stephen Walker |publisher=Dr Who |year=1994 |isbn=978-1852274443 |page=120}}</ref> [[John Nathan-Turner]] produced the series during the 1980s and said in the documentary ''[[Doctor Who: Thirty Years in the TARDIS|More Than Thirty Years in the TARDIS]]'' that he looked forward to Whitehouse's comments because the ratings of the series would increase soon after she had made them. Nathan-Turner also got into trouble with BBC executives over the violence he allowed to be depicted for [[Doctor Who season 22|season 22]] of the series in 1985, which was publicly criticised by controller [[Michael Grade]] and given as one of his reasons for suspending the series for 18 months.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banks |first=David |title=Doctor Who: Cybermen |publisher=WH Allen & Co |year=1990 |isbn=0352327383 |page=126}}</ref> The phrase "hiding {{visible anchor|behind the sofa}}" (or "watching from behind the sofa") entered British [[pop culture]], signifying the stereotypical but apocryphal early-series behaviour of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a [[television program]]me while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leith |first=Sam |date=4 July 2008 |title=Worshipping Doctor Who from behind the sofa |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/samleith/3560202/Worshipping-Doctor-Who-from-behind-the-sofa.html |url-status=live |access-date=5 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220124127/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/samleith/3560202/Worshipping-Doctor-Who-from-behind-the-sofa.html |archive-date=20 December 2008 |quote=The cliché about ''Doctor Who''—that it had us "hiding behind the sofa"—is more telling in its tone than its questionable factuality. It connotes nostalgia, and a pleasurable mixture of fright and fascination—but above all it connotes domesticity. It united fear and soft furnishings in the British mind.}}</ref><ref name="times">"Still, the Daleks are the boss space horrors, something to get the children hiding behind the sofa." {{cite news |title=The metamorphoses of Who |first=Stanley |last=Reynolds |work=[[The Times]] |date=1973-04-09 |page=15}}</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' presented "hiding behind the sofa whenever the Daleks appear" as a British [[cultural institution]] on a par with [[Bovril]] and [[tea (meal)|tea-time]].<ref>{{cite news |date=2006-09-14 |title=The end of Olde Englande: A lament for Blighty |newspaper= [[The Economist]] |url=http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7912946 |access-date=2006-09-18}}</ref> Paul Parsons, author of ''The Science of Doctor Who'', explains the appeal of hiding behind the sofa as the activation of the fear response in the [[amygdala]] in conjunction with reassurances of safety from the brain's [[frontal lobe]].<ref>Parsons, Paul. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060614222905/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2006/03/28/ecwho28.xml "Who believes in who"] ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Tuesday 28 March 2006. (URL accessed 30 March 2006.)</ref> The phrase retains this association with ''Doctor Who'', to the point that in 1991 the [[Museum of the Moving Image (London)|Museum of the Moving Image]] in [[London]] named its exhibition celebrating the programme ''Behind the Sofa''. The electronic [[Doctor Who theme music|theme music]] too was perceived as eerie, novel, and frightening at the time. A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtaposition of fear and thrill "at the center of many people's relationship with the series",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Charlie Jane Anders |date=25 December 2012 |title=If you weren't scared of Doctor Who as a child, you missed out on a crucial experience |url=https://gizmodo.com/if-you-werent-scared-of-doctor-who-as-a-child-you-miss-5971113 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217105100/http://io9.com/5971113/if-you-werent-scared-of-doctor-who-as-a-child-you-may-never-fully-understand-it |archive-date=17 February 2014 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=Gizmodo}}</ref> and a 2011 online vote at [[Digital Spy]] deemed the series the "scariest TV show of all time".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wightman |first=Catriona |date=31 October 2011 |title='Doctor Who' named scariest TV show of all time: Your Top 10 revealed |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/cult/a348363/doctor-who-named-scariest-tv-show-of-all-time-your-top-10-revealed/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028014922/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/tubetalk/a348363/doctor-who-named-scariest-tv-show-of-all-time-your-top-10-revealed.html |archive-date=28 October 2014 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=Digital Spy}}, ''Digital Spy'', Catriona Wightman & Morgan Jeffery, 31 October 2011.</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | width = 210 | image1 = Tardis BBC Television Center.jpg | width1 = | alt1 = | caption1 = The [[TARDIS]] (2010–2017) prop in front of the [[BBC Television Centre]] | image2 = Tardis, Doctor Who Experience - panoramio.jpg | width2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = TARDIS interior (2005–2010) at the ''Doctor Who'' Experience, [[London Olympia]] }} The image of the [[TARDIS]] has become firmly linked to the series in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter [[Anthony Coburn]], who lived in the resort of [[Herne Bay, Kent]], was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2011 |title=Doctor Who fan in tardis replica plan for Herne Bay |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-13411516 |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224182321/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-13411516 |archive-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> In 1996, the BBC applied for a [[trademark]] to use the TARDIS' blue [[police box]] design in merchandising associated with ''Doctor Who''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Case details for Trade Mark UK00002104259 |url=http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmcase/Results/1/UK00002104259 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118131332/https://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmcase/Results/1/UK00002104259 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=27 October 2013 |website=[[UK Patent Office]]}}</ref> In 1998, the [[Metropolitan Police Authority]] filed an objection to the trademark claim; but in 2002, the [[Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)|Patent Office]] ruled in favour of the BBC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2006 |title=Trade mark decision |url=http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm/t-decisionmaking/t-challenge/t-challenge-decision-results/t-challenge-decision-results-bl?BL_Number=O/336/02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102901/http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm/t-decisionmaking/t-challenge/t-challenge-decision-results/t-challenge-decision-results-bl?BL_Number=O%2F336%2F02 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 January 2007 |website=[[UK Patent Office]] website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Knight |first=Mike |title=In the matter of application No. 2104259 by The British Broadcasting Corporation to register a series of three marks in Classes 9, 16, 25 and 41 And in the Matter of – Opposition thereto under No. 48452 by The Metropolitan Police Authority |url=http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm//legal/decisions/2002/o33602.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925214943/http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm//legal/decisions/2002/o33602.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2007 |access-date=17 January 2007 |website=[[UK Patent Office]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 October 2002 |title=BBC wins police Tardis case |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2352743.stm |url-status=live |access-date=17 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213102735/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2352743.stm |archive-date=13 February 2007}}</ref> The 21st-century revival of the programme became the centrepiece of BBC One's Saturday schedule and "defined the channel".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Robinson |first=James |date=18 March 2007 |title=Television's Lord of prime time awaits his next regeneration |work=The Observer |location=London |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,,2036415,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320221526/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,,2036415,00.html |archive-date=20 March 2007}}</ref> Many renowned actors have made [[List of guest appearances in Doctor Who|guest-starring]] appearances in various stories including [[Kylie Minogue]],<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Association |date=3 July 2007 |title=Kylie lands Doctor Who role|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jul/03/bbc.musicnews |access-date=27 September 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Sir Ian McKellen]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Fitzpatrick |date=10 December 2012 |title='Doctor Who' Series 7 Casts…Sir Ian McKellen?! |url=https://screencrush.com/doctor-who-christmas-special-ian-mckellen/ |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=ScreenCrush}}</ref> and [[Andrew Garfield]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thapa |first=Shaurya |date=15 January 2023 |title=Andrew Garfield's Role In Doctor Who, Explained |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-andrew-garfield-character-explained/ |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nguyen |first=Jessie |date=28 September 2022 |title='Doctor Who': 16 Iconic Celebrities You May Forget Starred on the Show |url=https://collider.com/doctor-who-celebrities-you-forget-starred-on-the-show/ |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=Collider}}</ref> According to an article in the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' in 2009, the revival of ''Doctor Who'' had consistently received high ratings, both in number of viewers and as measured by the [[Appreciation Index]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pettie |first=Andrew |date=4 January 2009 |title=Casting Matt Smith shows that Doctor Who is a savvy multi-million pound brand |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/4094067/Casting-Matt-Smith-shows-that-Doctor-Who-is-a-savvy-multi-million-pound-brand.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122183212/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/4094067/Casting-Matt-Smith-shows-that-Doctor-Who-is-a-savvy-multi-million-pound-brand.html |archive-date=22 January 2009}}</ref> In 2007, [[Caitlin Moran]], television reviewer for ''[[The Times]]'', wrote that ''Doctor Who'' is "quintessential to being British".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moran |first=Caitlin |author-link=Caitlin Moran |date=30 June 2007 |title=Doctor Who is simply masterful |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/tv_and_radio/article1989181.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=1 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013175631/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/tv_and_radio/article1989181.ece |archive-date=13 October 2008 |quote=[''Doctor Who''] is as thrilling and as loved as ''Jolene'', or bread and cheese, or honeysuckle, or Friday. It's quintessential to being British.}}</ref> According to [[Steven Moffat]], the American film director [[Steven Spielberg]] has commented that "the world would be a poorer place without ''Doctor Who''".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dowell |first=Ben |date=23 August 2008 |title=Edinburgh TV Festival 2008: don't rule out Doctor Who feature film, says Steven Moffat |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2008/08/steven_moffat_dont_rule_out_do.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827232557/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2008/08/steven_moffat_dont_rule_out_do.html |archive-date=27 August 2008}}</ref> On 4 August 2013, a live programme titled ''Doctor Who Live: The Next Doctor''<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2013 |title=Doctor Who: Fans await announcement |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23567602 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805014306/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23567602 |archive-date=5 August 2013 |access-date=4 August 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> was broadcast on BBC One, during which the actor who was going to play the Twelfth Doctor was revealed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2013 |title=New Doctor Who star to be unveiled |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23531724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802034936/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23531724 |archive-date=2 August 2013 |access-date=3 August 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> The live show was watched by an average of 6.27&nbsp;million in the UK, and was also simulcast in the United States, Canada and Australia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Glanfield |first=Tim |date=5 August 2013 |title=Doctor Who: Almost 7m watch Peter Capaldi revealed as 12th Doctor |work=Radio Times |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-08-05/doctor-who-almost-7m-watch-peter-capaldi-revealed-as-12th-doctor |url-status=live |access-date=5 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807224831/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-08-05/doctor-who-almost-7m-watch-peter-capaldi-revealed-as-12th-doctor |archive-date=7 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2013 |title=From spin doctor to Doctor Who... star's childhood dream comes true |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13116923.spin-doctor-doctor-stars-childhood-dream-comes-true/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907224216/http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/from-spin-doctor-to-doctor-who-stars-childhood-dream-comes-true.21792902 |archive-date=7 September 2013 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=The Herald |location=Glasgow}}</ref> ==Episodes== {{Further|List of Doctor Who episodes (1963–1989){{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' episodes (1963–1989)|List of Doctor Who episodes (2005–present){{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' episodes (2005–present)}} ''Doctor Who'' originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989. During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or "serial")—usually of four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} Some notable exceptions were: ''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]'', which aired twelve episodes (plus an earlier one-episode teaser,<ref>''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]''. Writers [[Terry Nation]] and [[Dennis Spooner]], Director [[Douglas Camfield]], Producer [[John Wiles]]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC. BBC One, London. 13 November 1965&nbsp;– 29 January 1966.</ref> "[[Mission to the Unknown]]", featuring none of the regular cast<ref>{{Cite episode |title=Mission to the Unknown |episode-link=Mission to the Unknown |series=Doctor Who |network=BBC |station=BBC One |date=9 October 1965 |credits=Writer [[Terry Nation]], Director [[Derek Martinus]], Producer [[Verity Lambert]] |location=London}}</ref>); almost an entire season of seven-episode serials (season 7); the ten-episode serial ''[[The War Games]]'';<ref>''[[The War Games]]''. Writers [[Malcolm Hulke]] and [[Terrance Dicks]], Director [[David Maloney]], Producer [[Derrick Sherwin]]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC. BBC One, London. 19 April 1969&nbsp;– 21 June 1969.</ref> and ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'', which ran for fourteen episodes (albeit divided into three production codes and four narrative segments) during [[Doctor Who season 23|season 23]].<ref>''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]''. Writers [[Robert Holmes (scriptwriter)|Robert Holmes]], [[Philip Martin (screenwriter)|Philip Martin]] and [[Pip and Jane Baker]], Directors [[Nicholas Mallett]], [[Ron Jones (television director)|Ron Jones]] and Chris Clough, Producer [[John Nathan-Turner]]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC. BBC One, London. 6 September 1986&nbsp;– 6 December 1986.</ref> Occasionally, serials were loosely connected by a story line, such as [[Doctor Who season 8|season 8]] focusing on the Doctor battling a rogue Time Lord called [[Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC&nbsp;– Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide&nbsp;– Season 8 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/season8.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401073128/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/season8.shtml |archive-date=1 April 2014 |access-date=25 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Master&nbsp;– BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/characters/the-master.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114102824/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/characters/the-master.shtml |archive-date=14 November 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[Doctor Who season 16|season 16]]'s quest for [[the Key to Time]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC&nbsp;– Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide&nbsp;– Season 16 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/season16.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121150148/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/season16.shtml |archive-date=21 November 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[Doctor Who season 18|season 18]]'s journey through E-Space and the theme of entropy,<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC&nbsp;– Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide&nbsp;– Logopolis |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/logopolis/detail.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212195320/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/logopolis/detail.shtml |archive-date=12 February 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> and [[Doctor Who season 20|season 20]]'s Black Guardian trilogy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC&nbsp;– Season 20&nbsp;– Episode guide |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00sfvc7/episodes/guide |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409173111/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00sfvc7/episodes/guide |archive-date=9 April 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> The programme was intended to be educational and for family viewing on the early Saturday evening schedule.<ref name="Doctor Who Education">{{Cite web |title=10 things you didn't know about Doctor Who |url=http://uktv.co.uk/watch/stepbystep/aid/576125 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116052952/http://uktv.co.uk/watch/stepbystep/aid/576125 |archive-date=16 January 2011 |access-date=20 January 2012 |publisher=[[Watch (TV channel)|Watch]]}}</ref> It initially alternated stories set in the past, which taught younger audience members about history, and with those in the future or outer space, focusing on science.<ref name="Doctor Who Education" /> This was also reflected in the Doctor's original companions, one of whom was a science teacher and another a history teacher.<ref name="Doctor Who Education" /> However, science fiction stories came to dominate the programme, and the history-oriented episodes, which were not popular with the production team,<ref name="Doctor Who Education" /> were dropped after ''[[The Highlanders (Doctor Who)|The Highlanders]]'' (1967). While the show continued to use historical settings, they were generally used as a backdrop for science fiction tales,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blair |first=Andrew |date=14 August 2023 |title=Doctor Who's Best Historical Episodes: Aztecs, Greeks, Daleks & Demons |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who-best-historical-episodes/ |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=Den of Geek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chrysostomou |first=George |date=20 February 2020 |title=Doctor Who: 5 Times The Show Was Historically Accurate (& 5 Times It Wasn't) |url=https://screenrant.com/bbc-doctor-who-historically-accurate-times/ |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> with one exception: ''[[Black Orchid (Doctor Who)|Black Orchid]]'' (1982), set in 1920s England.<ref>''[[Black Orchid (Doctor Who)|Black Orchid]]''. Writer [[Terence Dudley]], Director [[Ron Jones (television director)|Ron Jones]], Producer [[John Nathan-Turner]]. ''Doctor Who''. BBC. BBC One, London. 1 March 1982&nbsp;– 2 March 1982.</ref> The early stories were serialised in nature, with the narrative of one story flowing into the next and each episode having its own title, although produced as distinct stories with their own production codes.<ref name="BBC Doctor Who Episode List">{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who Episode List |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/treasurehunt/missing/drwho.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017100338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/treasurehunt/missing/drwho.shtml |archive-date=17 October 2012 |access-date=26 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Following ''[[The Gunfighters]]'' (1966), however, each serial was given its own title, and the individual parts were assigned episode numbers.<ref name="BBC Doctor Who Episode List" /> Of the programme's [[List of Doctor Who writers|many writers]], [[Robert Holmes (scriptwriter)|Robert Holmes]] was the most prolific,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2007 |title=Master of the universe |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3663738/Master-of-the-universe.html |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> while [[Douglas Adams]] became the best known outside ''Doctor Who'' itself, due to the popularity of his ''[[Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' works.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Online&nbsp;– Cult&nbsp;– Hitchhiker's&nbsp;– Douglas Adams&nbsp;– Biography |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/hitchhikers/dna/biog.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412130831/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/hitchhikers/dna/biog.shtml |archive-date=12 April 2014 |access-date=26 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2011 |title=Shada, Douglas Adams's 'lost' Doctor Who story, to be novelised |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/mar/24/douglas-adams-doctor-who-story-published |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200952/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/mar/24/douglas-adams-doctor-who-story-published |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=26 October 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> The serial format changed for the [[Doctor Who (series 1)|2005 revival]], with what was now called a series usually consisting of thirteen 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels) and an extended 60-minute episode broadcast on Christmas Day. This system was shortened to twelve episodes and one Christmas special following the revival's [[Doctor Who (series 8)|eighth series]], and ten episodes from the [[Doctor Who (series 11)|eleventh series]]. Each series includes standalone and multiple episodic stories, often linked with a loose story arc resolved in the series finale. As in the early "classic" era, each episode has its own title, whether stand-alone or part of a larger story. Occasionally, regular-series episodes will exceed the 45-minute run time; notably, the episodes "[[Journey's End (Doctor Who)|Journey's End]]" from 2008 and "[[The Eleventh Hour (Doctor Who)|The Eleventh Hour]]" from 2010 were longer than an hour.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} {{DW episode count}} ''Doctor Who'' instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format for the classic era), 45/50-minute episodes (for ''[[Resurrection of the Daleks]]'' in the 1984 series, a single season in 1985, and the most common format for the revival era since 2005), two feature-length productions (1983's "[[The Five Doctors]]" and the [[Doctor Who (1996 film)|1996 television film]]), twelve [[List of Doctor Who Christmas and New Year's specials|Christmas specials]] (most of approximately 60 minutes' duration, one of 72 minutes), and four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes in 2009, 2010, and 2013. Four mini-episodes, running about eight minutes each, were also produced for the 1993, 2005, and 2007 [[Children in Need]] charity appeals, while another mini-episode was produced in 2008 for a ''Doctor Who''–themed edition of [[The Proms]]. The 1993 two-part story, entitled ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'', was made in collaboration with the cast of the BBC soap-opera ''[[EastEnders]]'' and was filmed partly on the ''EastEnders'' set. A two-part mini-episode was also produced for the 2011 edition of [[Comic Relief]].{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} Starting with the 2009 special "[[Planet of the Dead]]", the series was filmed in [[1080i]] for [[HDTV]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2009 |title=Doctor Who to be filmed in HD |url=http://www.drwho-online.co.uk/news/#newseries-hd0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090106032738/http://www.drwho-online.co.uk/news/#newseries-hd0 |archive-date=6 January 2009 |access-date=5 February 2009 |website=Doctor Who Online}}</ref> and broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and [[BBC HD]]. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show, a special [[3D television|3D]] episode, "[[The Day of the Doctor]]", was broadcast in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2013 |title=BBC announces Doctor Who 3D Special |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21413511 |url-status=live |access-date=12 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212172533/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21413511 |archive-date=12 February 2013}}</ref> In March 2013, it was announced that Tennant and Piper would be returning<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 2013 |title=Doctor Who: David Tennant returns for anniversary show |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21980892 |url-status=live |access-date=2 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040241/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-21980892 |archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> and that the episode would have a limited cinematic release worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McMillan, Graeme |date=12 February 2013 |title='Doctor Who' goes 3D for its half-century edition |url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/doctor-who-to-go-3d-for-half-century-sepcial-edition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216072922/http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/doctor-who-to-go-3d-for-half-century-sepcial-edition/ |archive-date=16 February 2013 |access-date=2 April 2013 |publisher=Digital Trends}}</ref> In June 2017, it was announced that due to the terms of a deal between [[BBC Worldwide]] and [[SMG Pictures]] in China, the company has first right of refusal on the purchase for the Chinese market of future series of the programme until and including Series 15.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC is already preparing for at least FIVE more series of Doctor Who |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-06-03/the-bbc-is-already-preparing-for-at-least-five-more-series-of-doctor-who |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608210206/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-06-03/the-bbc-is-already-preparing-for-at-least-five-more-series-of-doctor-who |archive-date=8 June 2017 |access-date=19 June 2017 |publisher=RadioTimes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC – Doctor Who Gets Brand Boost in China – Media Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/worldwide/2017/doctor-who-china |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621052159/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/worldwide/2017/doctor-who-china |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=19 June 2017 |website=bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC}}</ref> ===Missing episodes=== {{Main|Doctor Who missing episodes{{!}}''Doctor Who'' missing episodes}} Between 1967 and 1978, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries was either destroyed{{efn|The tapes were on a [[405-line television system|405-line broadcast standard]] and not transferred to the [[625-line television system]] entering use.}} or [[Lost television broadcast|wiped]]. This included many early episodes of ''Doctor Who'', those stories featuring the first two Doctors: [[William Hartnell]] and [[Patrick Troughton]]. In all, 97 of 253 episodes produced during the programme's first six years are not held in the BBC's archives (most notably seasons 3, 4, and 5, from which 79 episodes are missing).<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Doctor Who has 97 'missing episodes'. Where are they hiding? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/doctor-who-missing-episodes-lost-anniversary-b2451834.html |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thorpe |first=Vanessa |date=11 November 2023 |title=Lost Doctor Who episodes found – but owner is reluctant to hand them to BBC |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2023/nov/11/lost-doctor-who-episodes-found-owner-reluctant-to-hand-them-to-bbc |access-date=5 January 2024 |work=The Observer|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> In 1972, almost all episodes then made were known to exist at the BBC,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Molesworth |first=Richard |title=BBC Archive Holdings |url=http://www.purpleville.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/rtwebsite/archive.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228210500/http://www.purpleville.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/rtwebsite/archive.htm |archive-date=28 December 2012 |access-date=30 April 2007 |website=[[Doctor Who Restoration Team]] |quote=A full set was held at least until early 1972, as 16 mm black and white film negatives (apart—of course—from 'Masterplan' 7)}}</ref> while by 1978 the practice of wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies had been brought to a stop.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Molesworth |first=Richard |title=BBC Archive Holdings |url=http://www.purpleville.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/rtwebsite/archive.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228210500/http://www.purpleville.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/rtwebsite/archive.htm |archive-date=28 December 2012 |access-date=30 April 2007 |website=[[Doctor Who Restoration Team]] |quote=the videotapes began to be wiped, or re-used, until the formation of the BBC's Film and Videotape Library in 1978 put a stop to this particular practice.}}</ref> No 1960s episodes exist on their original videotapes (all surviving prints being film transfers), though some were transferred to film for editing before transmission and exist in their broadcast form.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Doctor Who': Restoring and Reconstructing Missing Episodes |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-lancashire/plain/A14066589 |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201140746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-lancashire/plain/A14066589 |archive-date=1 December 2012}}</ref> Some episodes have been returned to the BBC from the archives of other countries that bought prints for broadcast or by private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans have also been retrieved, as well as excerpts filmed from the television screen onto 8&nbsp;mm [[cine film]] and clips that were shown on other programmes. Audio versions of all lost episodes exist from home viewers who made tape recordings of the show. Short clips from every story with the exception of ''[[Marco Polo (Doctor Who)|Marco Polo]]'' (1964), "[[Mission to the Unknown]]" (1965) and ''[[The Massacre (Doctor Who)|The Massacre]]'' (1966) also exist. In addition to these, there are off-screen photographs made by photographer [[John Cura]], who was hired by various production personnel to document many of their programmes during the 1950s and 1960s, including ''Doctor Who''.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} These have been used in [[Doctor Who missing episodes#Reconstruction|fan reconstructions]] of the serials. The BBC has tolerated these amateur reconstructions, provided they are not sold for profit and are distributed as low-quality copies.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lewinski |first=John Scott |date=29 September 2008 |title=Fans Reconstruct Doctor Who's Trashed Past |url=https://www.wired.com/2008/09/who-recon/ |url-status=live |magazine=Wired |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111095803/http://www.wired.com/underwire/2008/09/who-recon |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> One of the most sought-after lost episodes is part four of the last William Hartnell serial, ''[[The Tenth Planet]]'' (1966), which ends with the [[First Doctor]] transforming into the [[Second Doctor|Second]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Lara |date=20 February 2009 |title=Zimbabwe 'hoarding lost 'Who' episodes' |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/news/a147355/zimbabwe-hoarding-lost-who-episodes.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629145219/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/news/a147355/zimbabwe-hoarding-lost-who-episodes.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=20 January 2012 |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> The only portion of this in existence, barring a few poor-quality silent 8&nbsp;mm clips, is the few seconds of the regeneration scene, as it was shown on the children's magazine show ''[[Blue Peter]]''. With the approval of the BBC, efforts are now underway to restore as many of the episodes as possible from the extant material.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} "Official" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS, on MP3 [[CD-ROM]], and as special features on DVD. The BBC, in conjunction with animation studio [[Cosgrove Hall]], reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4 of ''[[The Invasion (Doctor Who)|The Invasion]]'' (1968), using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the original filming, for the serial's DVD release in November 2006.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} The missing episodes of ''[[The Reign of Terror (Doctor Who)|The Reign of Terror]]'' were animated by animation company Theta-Sigma, in collaboration with [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]], and became available for purchase in May 2013 through Amazon.com.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foster |first=Chuck |date=21 June 2011 |title=The Reign of Terror—animation update |url=https://www.doctorwhonews.net/2011/06/dwn210611211508-reign-of-terror-update.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505050947/http://www.doctorwhonews.net/2011/06/dwn210611211508-reign-of-terror-update.html |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=6 October 2011 |publisher=[[Doctor Who News Page]]}}</ref> Subsequent animations made in 2013 include ''[[The Tenth Planet]]'', ''[[The Ice Warriors]]'' (1967) and ''[[The Moonbase]]'' (1967).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shayo |first=Lukas |date=29 October 2023 |title=More Missing Doctor Who Episodes Planned For Animated Restorations |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-episodes-animated-restoration-future-plans/ |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> In April 2006, ''[[Blue Peter]]'' launched a challenge to find missing ''Doctor Who'' episodes with the promise of a full-scale [[Dalek]] model as a reward.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2006 |title=Blue Peter—Missing Doctor Who tapes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/bluepeter/content/articles/2006/04/19/doctor_who_feature.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424144255/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/bluepeter/content/articles/2006/04/19/doctor_who_feature.shtml |archive-date=24 April 2006 |access-date=24 April 2006 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> In December 2011, it was announced that part 3 of ''[[Galaxy 4]]'' (1965) and part 2 of ''[[The Underwater Menace]]'' (1967) had been returned to the BBC by a fan who had purchased them in the mid-1980s without realising that the BBC did not hold copies of them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mulkern |first=Patrick |date=11 December 2011 |title=Doctor Who: two long-lost episodes uncovered |work=Radio Times |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2011-12-11/doctor-who-two-long-lost-episodes-uncovered |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107050824/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2011-12-11/doctor-who-two-long-lost-episodes-uncovered |archive-date=7 January 2012}}</ref> On 10 October 2013, the BBC announced that films of eleven episodes, including nine missing episodes, had been found in a Nigerian television relay station in [[Jos]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Christopher |date=10 October 2013 |title=Two "Missing" Doctor Who Adventures Found |url=http://www.doctorwho.tv/whats-new/article/two-missing-doctor-who-adventures-found/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011014953/http://www.doctorwho.tv/whats-new/article/two-missing-doctor-who-adventures-found/ |archive-date=11 October 2013 |access-date=11 October 2013 |publisher=BBC Worldwide}}</ref> Six of the eleven films discovered were the six-part serial ''[[The Enemy of the World]]'' (1968), from which all but the third episode had been missing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doctor Who Online |date=11 October 2013 |title=Nine Missing Doctor Who Episodes Recovered! |url=http://news.drwho-online.co.uk/Nine-Missing-Doctor-Who-Episodes-Recovered!.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131011225318/http://news.drwho-online.co.uk/Nine-Missing-Doctor-Who-Episodes-Recovered!.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2013 |access-date=11 October 2013 |publisher=Doctor Who Online}}</ref> The remaining films were from another six-part serial, ''[[The Web of Fear]]'' (1968), and included the previously missing episodes 2, 4, 5 and 6. Episode 3 of ''The Web of Fear'' is still missing.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Masters |first=Tim |date=11 October 2013 |title=Doctor Who: Yeti classic among episodes found in Nigeria |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24467337 |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025183523/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24467337 |archive-date=25 October 2013}}</ref> ==Characters== {{See also|List of Doctor Who cast members{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' cast members}} ===The Doctor=== {{Main|The Doctor}} [[File:Versions of the Doctor.jpg|thumb|The Doctor portrayed by series leads in chronological order. Left to right from top row: [[William Hartnell]], [[Patrick Troughton]], [[Jon Pertwee]], [[Tom Baker]], [[Peter Davison]], [[Colin Baker]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Paul McGann]], [[Christopher Eccleston]], [[David Tennant]] (first tenure), [[Matt Smith]], [[Peter Capaldi]], [[Jodie Whittaker]], David Tennant (second tenure), and [[Ncuti Gatwa]].]] The Doctor was initially shrouded in mystery. In the programme's early days, the character was an eccentric alien traveller of great intelligence who battled injustice while exploring time and space in an unreliable [[time machine]], the "[[TARDIS]]" (an [[acronym]] for Time and Relative Dimension in Space), which notably appears much larger on the inside than on the outside.{{efn|When it became an entry in the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', the word "TARDIS" often came to be used to describe anything that appeared larger on the inside than its exterior implied.}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full record for Tardis-like adj. |url=http://www.jessesword.com/sf/view/424 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523205631/http://www.jessesword.com/sf/view/424 |archive-date=23 May 2008 |access-date=7 September 2007 |website=Science Fiction Citations}}</ref> The initially irascible and slightly sinister Doctor quickly mellowed into a more compassionate figure and was eventually revealed to be a [[Time Lord]], whose race are from the planet [[Gallifrey]], which the Doctor fled by stealing the TARDIS.<ref>{{cite news |last=Debnath |first=Neela |date=30 June 2012 |title=Interview with 'Doctor Who' star Paul McGann |url=http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/06/30/interview-with-'doctor-who'-star-paul-mcgann/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921081230/http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/06/30/interview-with-%E2%80%98doctor-who%E2%80%99-star-paul-mcgann/ |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2020 |title=Doctor Who Season 12 changed a lot of canon. Here's what matters most |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/doctor-who-season-12-canon-changes |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=SYFY Official Site}}</ref> ====Changes of appearance==== {{Main|Regeneration (Doctor Who){{!}}Regeneration {{(-}}''Doctor Who''{{--)}}}} Producers introduced the concept of [[Regeneration (Doctor Who)|regeneration]] to permit the recasting of the main character. This was prompted by the poor health of the original star, [[William Hartnell]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2021 |title=The reasons why each Doctor Who actor quit |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a854678/doctor-who-actors-quit-david-tennant-matt-smith/ |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Meszaros |first=E. L. |date=21 January 2021 |title=Doctor Who: Why First Doctor William Hartnell Left the Series |url=https://www.cbr.com/doctor-who-why-william-hartnell-left-series/ |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=CBR}}</ref> The term "regeneration" was not conceived until the Doctor's third on-screen regeneration; Hartnell's Doctor merely described undergoing a "renewal", and the Second Doctor underwent a "change of appearance".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doctor Who Transcripts – The Power of the Daleks |url=http://www.chakoteya.net/DoctorWho/4-3.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201190540/http://www.chakoteya.net/DoctorWho/4-3.htm |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=27 January 2017 |website=chakoteya.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doctor Who Transcripts – The War Games |url=http://www.chakoteya.net/DoctorWho/6-7.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202025218/http://www.chakoteya.net/DoctorWho/6-7.htm |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |website=chakoteya.net}}</ref> The device has allowed for the recasting of the actor various times in the show's history, as well as the depiction of alternative Doctors either from the Doctor's relative past or future.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moffat |first=Steven |title=The Day of The Doctor |publisher=BBC}}</ref> The serials ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'' (1976) and ''[[Mawdryn Undead]]'' (1983) established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations.<ref name="507joke"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bryce |first=Evangeline |date=9 December 2022 |title=Doctor Who: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Regeneration |url=https://gamerant.com/doctor-who-regeneration-facts-lore-trivia/ |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=Game Rant}}</ref> This line became stuck in the public consciousness despite not often being repeated and was recognised by producers of the show as a plot obstacle for when the show finally had to regenerate the Doctor a thirteenth time.<ref name="507joke">{{Cite web |title=Interview – Russell T. Davies talks about That Sarah Jane Adventures line |url=http://www.sfx.co.uk/2010/10/26/interview-russell-t-davies-talks-about-that-sarah-jane-adventures-line/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231070415/http://www.sfx.co.uk/2010/10/26/interview-russell-t-davies-talks-about-that-sarah-jane-adventures-line/ |archive-date=31 December 2010 |access-date=5 August 2013 |publisher=sfx.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Darren |date=26 November 2013 |title=Steven Moffat on 'Doctor numbers' and the regeneration limit |url=http://www.doctorwho.tv/whats-new/article/steven-moffat-on-doctor-numbers-and-the-regeneration-limit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128055027/http://www.doctorwho.tv/whats-new/article/steven-moffat-on-doctor-numbers-and-the-regeneration-limit |archive-date=28 November 2013 |access-date=26 November 2013}}</ref> The episode "[[The Time of the Doctor]]" (2013) depicted the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations, starting from the [[Twelfth Doctor]], due to the [[Eleventh Doctor]] being the product of the Doctor's twelfth regeneration from his original set.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norman |first=Dalton |date=19 March 2023 |title=Doctor Who: How Many Times Can A Time Lord Regenerate? |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-how-many-time-lord-regeneration/ |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Although the idea of casting a woman as the Doctor had been suggested by the show's writers several times, including by Newman in 1986 and Davies in 2008, until 2017, all official depictions were played by men.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Horn |first=Marc |date=10 October 2010 |title=How Doctor Who nearly became the Time Lady |work=Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/doctor-who/8052694/How-Doctor-Who-nearly-became-the-Time-Lady.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719002341/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/doctor-who/8052694/How-Doctor-Who-nearly-became-the-Time-Lady.html |archive-date=19 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nichols |first=Sam |date=18 December 2008 |title=Could Catherine Zeta-Jones be the next Doctor Who |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/dec/18/could-catherine-zeta-jones-be-next-doctor-who |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615061049/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/dec/18/could-catherine-zeta-jones-be-next-doctor-who |archive-date=15 June 2017}}</ref> [[Jodie Whittaker]] took over the role as the [[Thirteenth Doctor]] at the end of the 2017 Christmas special and is the first woman to be cast as the character.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Turner |first=Camilla |date=16 July 2017 |title=Doctor Who: Jodie Whittaker is to replace Peter Capaldi in the Time Lord regeneration game |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2017/07/16/doctor-jodie-whittaker-replace-peter-capaldi-time-lord-regeneration/ |url-status=live |access-date=16 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718015944/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2017/07/16/doctor-jodie-whittaker-replace-peter-capaldi-time-lord-regeneration/ |archive-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> The show introduced the Time Lords' ability to change sex on regeneration in earlier episodes, first in dialogue, then with [[Michelle Gomez]]'s version of [[The Master (Doctor Who)|The Master]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oxman |first=Demaris |date=16 April 2022 |title=Doctor Who: Why Missy Is The Best Incarnation Of The Master |url=https://gamerant.com/doctor-who-missy-best-incarnation-the-master/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Game Rant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gladman |first=Andrew |date=14 June 2023 |title=Doctor Who: Did Sacha Dhawan's Master Actually Come Before Missy? |url=https://www.cbr.com/doctor-who-sacha-dhawan-master-before-missy/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=CBR}}</ref> and [[T'Nia Miller]]'s version of The General.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2020 |title=Bly Manor star T'Nia Miller says Doctor Who was a "hard job" |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a34403458/haunting-of-bly-manor-tnia-miller-doctor-who/ |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref> Upon Whittaker's final appearance as the character in "[[The Power of the Doctor]]" on 23 October 2022, she regenerated into a form portrayed by [[David Tennant]], who was confirmed to be the [[Fourteenth Doctor]] and the first actor to play two incarnations, having previously played the [[Tenth Doctor]]. In the same year, [[Ncuti Gatwa]] was revealed to be portraying the [[Fifteenth Doctor]], making him the first black actor to headline the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/may/08/doctor-who-ncuti-gatwa-to-replace-jodie-whittaker-bbc-announces|title=Doctor Who: Ncuti Gatwa to replace Jodie Whittaker, BBC announces|author=Martin Belam|website=The Guardian|date=8 May 2022|access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Doctor Who trailer confirms when 60th anniversary specials and Ncuti Gatwa's first episode will air|first=Tasha|last=Hegarty|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a41746448/doctor-who-trailer-air-date/|date=23 October 2022|access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Series lead !! Incarnation !! Tenure{{efn|The years shown cover the actor's tenure as the lead character only.}} |- | [[William Hartnell]] || [[First Doctor]] || 1963–1966 |- | [[Patrick Troughton]] || [[Second Doctor]] || 1966–1969 |- | [[Jon Pertwee]] || [[Third Doctor]] || 1970–1974 |- | [[Tom Baker]] || [[Fourth Doctor]] || 1974–1981 |- | [[Peter Davison]] || [[Fifth Doctor]] || 1982–1984 |- | [[Colin Baker]] || [[Sixth Doctor]] || 1984–1986 |- | [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Seventh Doctor]] || 1987–1989 |- | [[Paul McGann]] || [[Eighth Doctor]] || 1996 |- | [[Christopher Eccleston]] || [[Ninth Doctor]] || 2005 |- | [[David Tennant]] || [[Tenth Doctor]] || 2005–2010 |- | [[Matt Smith]] || [[Eleventh Doctor]] || 2010–2013 |- | [[Peter Capaldi]] || [[Twelfth Doctor]] || 2014–2017 |- | [[Jodie Whittaker]] || [[Thirteenth Doctor]] || 2018–2022 |- | David Tennant || [[Fourteenth Doctor]] || 2023 |- | [[Ncuti Gatwa]] || [[Fifteenth Doctor]] || 2023–present |} In addition to those actors who have headlined the series, others have portrayed versions of the Doctor in guest roles. Notably, in 2013, [[John Hurt]] guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the [[War Doctor]] in the run-up to the show's 50th-anniversary special "[[The Day of the Doctor]]".<ref name="HurtDoctor">{{Cite news |last=Hogan, Michael |date=18 May 2013 |title=Doctor Who: The Name of the Doctor, BBC One, review |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/doctor-who/10065201/Doctor-Who-The-Name-of-the-Doctor-BBC-One-review.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522023526/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/doctor-who/10065201/Doctor-Who-The-Name-of-the-Doctor-BBC-One-review.html |archive-date=22 May 2013}}</ref> He is shown in mini-episode "[[The Night of the Doctor]]" [[retroactive continuity|retroactively inserted]] into the show's fictional chronology between McGann's and Eccleston's Doctors, although his introduction was written so as not to disturb the established numerical naming of the Doctors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigby, Sam |date=24 November 2013 |title='Doctor Who': Steven Moffat on regeneration limit |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/news/a533505/doctor-who-steven-moffat-on-regeneration-limit.html?rss |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127012123/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/news/a533505/doctor-who-steven-moffat-on-regeneration-limit.html?rss |archive-date=27 November 2013 |access-date=25 November 2013 |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> The show later introduced another such unknown past Doctor with [[Jo Martin]]'s recurring portrayal of the [[Fugitive Doctor]], beginning with "[[Fugitive of the Judoon]]" (2020).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blumberg |first=Arnold T. |date=28 January 2020 |title=Doctor Who: Jo Martin's Character and That Surprise Cameo Explained |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/doctor-who-jo-martin-character-john-barrowman-cameo-explained |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=IGN}}</ref> An example from the classic series comes from ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' (1986), in which [[Michael Jayston]]'s character the [[Valeyard]] is described as an amalgamation of the darker sides of the Doctor's nature, somewhere between the twelfth and final incarnation.<ref>{{cite serial | title = ''Season 23.'' [[The Trial of a Time Lord]] | episode = Part Thirteen" "[[The Ultimate Foe|(The Ultimate Foe episode 1)]] | series = Doctor Who | credits = [[Robert Holmes (scriptwriter)|Robert Holmes]] (writer), [[Chris Clough]] (director), [[John Nathan-Turner]] (producer) | network = [[BBC]] | station = [[BBC1]] | airdate = 29 November 1986}}</ref>The most recent example is when [[Richard E. Grant]], who previously portrayed an alternate version of the Doctor known as the Shalka Doctor in the animated series [[Scream of the Shalka]] (2003), appeared as a hologram of a past Doctor in "[[Rogue (Doctor Who)|Rogue]]" (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2024 |title=Did Doctor Who just drop a canon-shattering reveal? |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-rogue-richard-e-grant-newsupdate/ |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=[[Radio Times]]}}</ref> On rare occasions, [[List of actors who have played the Doctor|other actors have stood in for the lead]]. In "[[The Five Doctors]]", [[Richard Hurndall]] played the First Doctor due to William Hartnell's death in 1975;<ref name="EWReturn">{{Cite magazine |title='Doctor Who': Every former Doctor return appearance, ranked |url=https://ew.com/gallery/doctor-who-returning-doctors/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> 34 years later [[David Bradley (English actor)|David Bradley]] similarly replaced Hartnell in "[[Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who)|Twice Upon a Time]]".<ref name="Bradley">{{Cite web |last=Britt |first=Ryan |date=21 December 2017 |title=David Bradley Says the 1st 'Doctor Who' Makes Mistakes |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/39638-doctor-who-1st-david-bradley-christmas-special-william-hartnell |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Inverse}}</ref> In ''[[Time and the Rani]]'', Sylvester McCoy briefly played the Sixth Doctor during the regeneration sequence, carrying on as the Seventh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Megan |title=Doctor Who Star Reveals Scene They Regret Not Filming |url=https://comicbook.com/tv-shows/news/doctor-who-colin-baker-scene-regret-regeneration/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=ComicBook.com|date=17 September 2019 }}</ref> In other media, the Doctor has been played by various other actors, including [[Peter Cushing]] in [[Dr. Who (Dalek films)|two films]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Britt |first=Ryan |date=23 November 2023 |title=58 Years Ago, A Legendary Actor Turned a Sci-Fi Phenomenon Into a Canon-Breaking Curiosity |url=https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/doctor-who-peter-cushing-dalek-movies-1965 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Inverse}}</ref> The casting of a new Doctor has often inspired debate and speculation. Common topics of focus include the Doctor's sex (prior to the casting of Whittaker, all official incarnations were male), race (all Doctors were white prior to the casting of [[Jo Martin]] in "[[Fugitive of the Judoon]]") and age (the youngest actor to be cast is Smith at 26, and the oldest are Capaldi and Hartnell, both 55).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kissell |first=Ted B. |date=5 August 2013 |title=The Depressing, Disappointing Maleness of Doctor Who's New Time Lord |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/08/the-depressing-disappointing-maleness-of-i-doctor-who-i-s-new-time-lord/278380/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sundayworld.com/entertainment/tv/neil-gaiman-hopes-a-non-white-person-will-take-doctor-who-role-someday "Neil Gaiman hopes a non-white person will take Doctor Who role someday"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011005312/http://www.sundayworld.com/entertainment/tv/neil-gaiman-hopes-a-non-white-person-will-take-doctor-who-role-someday |date=11 October 2013 }} ''Sunday World'', 8 August 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jackson |first=Matthew |date=9 December 2013 |title=Peter Capaldi explains why no one can be too old to play The Doctor |work=Blastr |publisher=[[Syfy]] |url=http://www.blastr.com/2013-12-9/peter-capaldi-explains-why-no-one-can-be-too-old-play-doctor |url-status=live |access-date=16 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504025525/http://www.blastr.com/2013-12-9/peter-capaldi-explains-why-no-one-can-be-too-old-play-doctor |archive-date=4 May 2016}}</ref> ====Meetings of different incarnations==== There have been instances of actors returning later to reprise their specific Doctor's role. In 1973's ''[[The Three Doctors (Doctor Who)|The Three Doctors]]'', William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee. For 1983's "[[The Five Doctors]]", Troughton and Pertwee returned to star with Peter Davison, and Tom Baker appeared in previously unseen footage from the uncompleted ''[[Shada (Doctor Who)|Shada]]'' serial. For this episode, Richard Hurndall replaced William Hartnell. Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985's ''[[The Two Doctors]]'' with Colin Baker.<ref name="EWReturn" /> In 2007, Peter Davison returned in the Children in Need short "[[Time Crash]]" alongside David Tennant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Sarah |date=11 May 2023 |title=The Ultimate 'Doctor Who' Crash Course for First-Time Viewers |url=https://www.themarysue.com/heres-how-to-watch-doctor-who-in-order/ |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=The Mary Sue}}</ref> In "[[The Name of the Doctor]]" (2013), the Eleventh Doctor meets a previously unseen incarnation of himself, subsequently revealed to be the [[War Doctor]].<ref name="HurtDoctor" /> In the following episode, "[[The Day of the Doctor]]", David Tennant's [[Tenth Doctor]] appeared alongside [[Matt Smith]] as the [[Eleventh Doctor]] and [[John Hurt]] as the [[War Doctor]], as well as brief footage of all the previous actors.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=The Day of the Doctor |series=Doctor Who |network=BBC |station=BBC One |date=23 November 2013 |minutes=60 |location=Cardiff}}</ref> In 2017, the First Doctor (this time portrayed by [[David Bradley (English actor)|David Bradley]]) returned alongside Peter Capaldi in "[[The Doctor Falls]]" and "[[Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who)|Twice Upon a Time]]".<ref name="Bradley" /> In 2020's "Fugitive of the Judoon", Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor meets Jo Martin's incarnation of the Doctor, subsequently known as the Fugitive Doctor; they later interact in "The Timeless Children" later that year and "[[Once, Upon Time]]" in 2021. In her final episode, "[[The Power of the Doctor]]" (2022), Whittaker interacts with the Guardians of the Edge, manifestations of the Doctor's First (Bradley), Fifth (Davison), Sixth (Colin Baker), Seventh (McCoy), and Eighth (McGann) incarnations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gladman |first=Andrew |date=26 October 2022 |title=Doctor Who: David Tennant Is Not the Centenary's Biggest Surprise - These Doctors Are |url=https://www.cbr.com/doctor-who-peter-davison-colin-baker-sylvester-mccoy-paul-mcgann-bbc/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=CBR}}</ref> Additionally, multiple incarnations of the Doctor have met in various [[#Audio|audio dramas]] and [[#Books|novels]] based on the television show.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2017 |title=Two, three, four Doctors are better than one! - News - Big Finish |url=https://www.bigfinish.com/news/v/two-three-four-doctors-are-better-than-one |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Big Finish}}</ref> ===Companions=== {{Main|Companion (Doctor Who){{!}}Companion {{(-}}''Doctor Who'')}} The companion figure&nbsp;– generally a human&nbsp;– has been a constant feature in ''Doctor Who'' since the programme's inception in 1963. One of the roles of the companion is to be a reminder for the Doctor's "moral duty".<ref name="Overview">{{Cite news |date=19 November 2008 |title=Doctor Who (before the Tardis) |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7736130.stm |url-status=live |access-date=22 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111180257/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7736130.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> The Doctor's first companions seen on-screen were his granddaughter [[Susan Foreman]] ([[Carole Ann Ford]]) and her teachers [[Barbara Wright (Doctor Who)|Barbara Wright]] ([[Jacqueline Hill]]) and [[Ian Chesterton]] ([[William Russell (English actor)|William Russell]]). These characters were intended to act as [[audience surrogates]], through which the audience would discover information about the Doctor, who was to act as a mysterious father figure.<ref name=Overview/> The only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone is "[[The Deadly Assassin]]" (1976).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Dan |date=14 June 2013 |title=The Deadly Assassin: Doctor Who classic episode #8 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2013/jun/14/deadly-assassin-doctor-who-classic-episode |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Notable companions from the earlier series include [[Romana (Doctor Who)|Romana]] ([[Mary Tamm]] and [[Lalla Ward]]), a [[Time Lord|Time Lady]]; [[Sarah Jane Smith]] ([[Elisabeth Sladen]]); and [[Jo Grant]] ([[Katy Manning]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who companions in order: From Susan Foreman to Ruby Sunday |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-companions-in-order/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Radio Times |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Burton |first=Jak |date=15 January 2022 |title=10 Classic Doctor Who Characters That Should Make A Return |url=https://screenrant.com/classic-doctor-who-characters-should-return/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> Dramatically, these characters provide a figure with whom the audience can identify and serve to further the story by requesting exposition from the Doctor and manufacturing peril for the Doctor to resolve. The Doctor regularly gains new companions and loses old ones;<ref name="Alien Companions">{{Cite web |last=Oakman |first=Emma Susan |date=24 March 2022 |title=Doctor Who Should Include More Alien Companions |url=https://gamerant.com/doctor-who-should-include-more-alien-companions/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}</ref> sometimes they return home or find new causes—or loves—on worlds they have visited. Some have died during the course of the series.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donaldson |first=Mark |date=25 October 2022 |title=It Took 40 Years, But Doctor Who Finally Honored Adric's Death |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-adric-death-tegan-cyberman-reference/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> Companions are usually humans or humanoid aliens.<ref name="Alien Companions" /> [[File:Matt Smith and Karen Gillan at Salford (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Karen Gillan]] (pictured in 2010 with the eleventh Doctor, [[Matt Smith]]) played the Doctor's companion [[Amy Pond]].]] Since the 2005 revival, the Doctor generally travels with a primary female companion, who occupies a larger narrative role. Steven Moffat described the companion as the main character of the show, as the story begins anew with each companion and she undergoes more change than the Doctor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Paul |date=19 April 2012 |title=Steven Moffat: the companion is the main character in Doctor Who, not the Doctor |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2012-04-19/steven-moffat-the-companion-is-the-main-character-in-doctor-who-not-the-doctor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203120410/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2012-04-19/steven-moffat-the-companion-is-the-main-character-in-doctor-who-not-the-doctor |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=28 November 2013 |website=Radio Times |publisher=[[BBC Magazines]]}}</ref><ref name="MoffatColeman">{{Cite web |last=Berkshire |first=Geoff |date=27 March 2013 |title='Doctor Who' returns: Steven Moffat talks new companion Clara and Jenna-Louise Coleman |url=http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2013/03/doctor-who-returns-steven-moffat-talks-new-companion-clara-and-jenna-louise-coleman.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002317/http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2013/03/doctor-who-returns-steven-moffat-talks-new-companion-clara-and-jenna-louise-coleman.html |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=28 November 2013 |publisher=[[Zap2it]]}}</ref> The primary companions of the [[Companion (Doctor Who)#Ninth Doctor|Ninth]] and [[Companion (Doctor Who)#Tenth Doctor|Tenth]] Doctors were [[Rose Tyler]] ([[Billie Piper]]), [[Martha Jones]] ([[Freema Agyeman]]), and [[Donna Noble]] ([[Catherine Tate]]), with [[Mickey Smith]] ([[Noel Clarke]]) and [[Jack Harkness]] ([[John Barrowman]]) recurring as secondary companion figures.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orthia |first=Lindy A. |year=2010 |title="Sociopathetic Abscess" or "Yawning Chasm"? The Absent Postcolonial Transition in ''Doctor Who'' |url=http://jcl.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/45/2/207 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Commonwealth Literature |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=207–225 |doi=10.1177/0021989410366891 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219132743/http://jcl.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/45/2/207 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=28 November 2013 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10440/1261 |s2cid=142983255|issn = 0021-9894}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Box |first=Christy |date=2 December 2020 |title=Doctor Who: Why Captain Jack Harkness Never Met Eleven Or Twelve |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-captain-jack-moffat-11-12-absent-reasons/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> The [[Eleventh Doctor]] became the first to travel with a married couple, [[Amy Pond]] ([[Karen Gillan]]) and [[Rory Williams]] ([[Arthur Darvill]]), whilst out-of-sync meetings with [[River Song (Doctor Who)|River Song]] ([[Alex Kingston]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2018 |title=River Song's ridiculously complex timeline explained |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a855886/doctor-who-timeline-river-song-chronology-episodes-alex-kingston/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref> and [[Clara Oswald]] ([[Jenna Coleman]])<ref name="MoffatColeman" /> provided ongoing story arcs that continued with the [[Twelfth Doctor]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elvy |first=Craig |date=12 July 2020 |title=Doctor Who: How Clara Became Immortal (& Still Died) |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-clara-immortality-death-explained/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> The [[Doctor Who (series 10)|tenth series]] included the alien [[Nardole]] ([[Matt Lucas]])<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Collis |first=Clark |date=14 June 2016 |title='Bridesmaids' actor joins 'Doctor Who' cast |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/06/14/doctor-who-matt-lucas/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> and introduced [[Pearl Mackie]] as [[Bill Potts (Doctor Who)|Bill Potts]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2016 |title=Doctor Who: Pearl Mackie named as new companion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-36111598 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424000033/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-36111598 |archive-date=24 April 2016 |access-date=24 April 2016 |website=BBC}}</ref> the Doctor's first openly gay companion. Pearl Mackie said that the increased representation of LGBTQ people is important on a mainstream show.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hawkes |first=Rebecca |date=31 March 2017 |title=Bill Potts |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/doctor-new-companion-bill-potts-gay-actress-says-time/ |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101132249/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/doctor-new-companion-bill-potts-gay-actress-says-time/ |archive-date=1 January 2018}}</ref> The [[Thirteenth Doctor]] has primarily travelled with [[Ryan Sinclair]] ([[Tosin Cole]]), [[Graham O'Brien]] ([[Bradley Walsh]]), [[Yasmin Khan (Doctor Who)|Yasmin Khan]] ([[Mandip Gill]]),<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2017 |title=Doctor Who: Bradley Walsh among three new cast members |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-41716877 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023125227/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-41716877 |archive-date=23 October 2017 |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=BBC}}</ref> and [[Companion (Doctor Who)#Thirteenth Doctor|Dan Lewis]] ([[John Bishop]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2021 |title=Comedian John Bishop joins Doctor Who cast |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55509582 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101105713/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55509582 |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=BBC}}</ref> Some companions have gone on to reappear, either in the main series or in spin-offs. Sarah Jane Smith became the central character in ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–2011) following a return to ''Doctor Who'' in 2006. Guest stars in the series include former companions Jo Grant, [[K9 (Doctor Who)|K9]], and [[Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]] ([[Nicholas Courtney]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who companions in order: From Susan Foreman to Ruby Sunday |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-companions-in-order/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=Radio Times}}</ref> The character of Jack Harkness also served to launch a spin-off, ''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–2011), in which Martha Jones also appeared.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Doctor Who - Martha Jones - Character Guide |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/characters/martha |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=bbc.co.uk}}</ref> ===Foes=== {{See also|List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' universe creatures and aliens|List of Doctor Who villains{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' villains}} When Sydney Newman commissioned the series, he specifically did not want to perpetuate the cliché of the "[[bug-eyed monster]]" of science fiction.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 November 2008 |title=Doctor Who (before the Tardis) |publisher=[[BBC Magazine]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7736130.stm |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103012904/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7736130.stm |archive-date=3 January 2009}}</ref> However, [[monster]]s were popular with audiences and so became a staple of ''Doctor Who'' almost from the beginning.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wells |first=Bobby |date=24 January 2022 |title=Doctor Who villains, ranked |url=https://www.space.com/doctor-who-villains-ranked-worst-to-best |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=[[Space.com]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Dalek]]s, [[Cybermen]], and the Master are some of the most iconic [[Enemy|foes]] the Doctor has battled in the series.<ref name="DeadliestVillains" /> With the show's 2005 revival, executive producer Russell T Davies stated his intention to reintroduce the classic monsters of ''Doctor Who''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 June 2005 |title=Doctor Who series two secrets revealed |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4100000/newsid_4104500/4104586.stm |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928080056/http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4100000/newsid_4104500/4104586.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> The [[Auton]]s with the Nestene Consciousness, first seen in 1970's [[Spearhead from Space]], and Daleks, first seen in 1963's [[The Daleks]], returned in series 1. Davies's successor, Steven Moffat, continued the trend by reviving the [[Silurians]], also first seen in 1970, in series 5 and [[Zygon]]s, first seen in 1975, in the 50th-anniversary special.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Monster Files: Cybermats |publisher=iTunes Store |year=2011}}</ref> Since its 2005 return, the series has also introduced new recurring aliens: [[Slitheen]] (Raxacoricofallapatorians), [[Ood]], [[Judoon]], [[Weeping Angel]]s and [[Silence (Doctor Who)|the Silence]].<ref name="DeadliestVillains" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Burton |first=Jak |date=16 October 2021 |title=10 Best Doctor Who Monsters |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-best-monsters/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> ====Daleks==== {{Main|Dalek}} [[File:Dalek (10634451635).jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|A Dalek at the ''Doctor Who'' Experience, [[Cardiff]]]] The Daleks, which first appeared in the show's [[The Daleks|second serial]] in 1963,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Griffin |first=Louise |date=21 December 2023 |title=Doctor Who star Nicholas Briggs celebrates 60 years of the Daleks |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-daleks-nicholas-briggs-exclusive-newsupdate/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=[[Radio Times]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Farmer |first=Sarah |date=21 December 2023 |title=Doctor Who: TV crew member recalls genesis of the Daleks |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-hampshire-67509239 |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> are ''Doctor Who''{{'}}s oldest villains. The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet [[Skaro]], mutated by the scientist [[Davros]] and housed in mechanical armour shells for mobility. The actual creatures resemble octopuses with large, pronounced brains. Their armour shells have a single eye-stalk, a sink-plunger-like device that serves the purpose of a hand, and a [[directed-energy weapon]]. Their main weakness is their eyestalk; attacks upon them using various weapons can blind a Dalek, making it go mad. Their chief role in the series plot, as they frequently remark in their instantly recognisable metallic voices, is to "exterminate" all non-Dalek beings. They even attack the [[Time Lords]] in the [[Time War (Doctor Who)|Time War]], as shown during the 50th Anniversary of the show. They continue to be a recurring 'monster' within the Doctor Who franchise, having appeared in every series since 2005.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blair |first1=Andrew |date=8 August 2023 |title=Doctor Who: No, It's Not Time To Rest the Daleks |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who-not-time-to-rest-the-daleks/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=Den of Geek}}</ref> Davros has also been a recurring figure since his debut in ''[[Genesis of the Daleks]]'', although played by several different actors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Draven |first=Derek |date=12 April 2020 |title=Doctor Who: 5 Best Davros Moments (& 5 Of His Worst) |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-davros-best-worst-moments/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> The Daleks were created by the writer [[Terry Nation]] (who intended them to be an [[allegory]] of the [[Nazis]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nation, Terry |url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/N/htmlN/nationterry/nationterry.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210152526/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/N/htmlN/nationterry/nationterry.htm |archive-date=10 December 2006 |access-date=19 May 2008}}</ref> and BBC designer [[Raymond Cusick]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2013 |title=Doctor Who Dalek designer Ray Cusick dies after illness |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21563344 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104130915/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21563344 |archive-date=4 January 2014 |access-date=27 October 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> The Daleks' début in the programme's second serial, ''[[The Daleks]]'' (1963–1964), made both the Daleks and ''Doctor Who'' very popular. A Dalek appeared on a postage stamp celebrating British popular culture in 1999, photographed by [[Lord Snowdon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC News {{!}} Entertainment {{!}} Daleks get stamp of approval |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/273260.stm |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> The Daleks received another stamp in 2013 as part of the 50th anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Mail to issue 'Doctor Who' stamps |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/01/02/royal-mail-to-issue-doctor-who-stamps/1805519/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> In "[[Victory of the Daleks]]" a new set of Daleks were introduced that come in a range of colours; the colour denoting its role within the species.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2010 |title=The New Daleks |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p007l73p |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617174226/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p007l73p |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=12 February 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> ==== Cybermen ==== {{Main|Cyberman}} [[File:Cyberman from Doctor Who (529659465).jpg|thumb|upright=0.55|A 2006 Cyberman]] Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth's [[Counter-Earth|twin planet]] Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies. This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating [[cyborg]]s, with emotions usually only shown when naked aggression was called for. With the demise of Mondas, they acquired Telos as their new home planet. They continue to be a recurring 'monster' within the ''Doctor Who'' franchise.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Norman |first1=Dalton |title=Doctor Who: The First Appearance Of The Cybermen Explained |url=https://screenrant.com/when-cybermen-first-appeared-doctor-who/ |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=Screen Rant |publisher=Valnet Inc. |date=6 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wells |first1=Bobby |title=Doctor Who villains, ranked |url=https://www.space.com/doctor-who-villains-ranked-worst-to-best |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=Space.com |publisher=Future plc |date=24 January 2022}}</ref> The Cybermen have evolved dramatically over the course of the show. They were reintroduced in the [[Doctor Who series 2|2006 series]] in the form of alternate universe aliens, with radically different back stories.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mulkern |first1=Patrick |title=Rise of the Cybermen The Age of Steel ★★★ |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-guide/rise-of-the-cybermen-the-age-of-steel/ |website=Radio Times |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref> The standard Cybermen returned in "[[Closing Time (Doctor Who)|Closing Time]]", though they kept their 2006 design.<ref>{{Cite web |title=To Mondas and back again: a brief history of the Cybermen in Doctor Who |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/cybermen-doctor-who-history-background/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Radio Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> In the [[Doctor Who series 12|2020 series]], the Cybermen aligned themselves with The Master, and were given the ability to regenerate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blair |first=Andrew |date=27 May 2021 |title=Doctor Who: Ranking the Cybermen Stories - Which is the Best? |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who-ranking-the-cybermen-stories-which-is-the-best/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Den of Geek |language=en-US}}</ref> ====The Master==== {{Main|The Master (Doctor Who){{!}}The Master {{(-}}''Doctor Who'')}} The Master is the Doctor's [[archenemy]], a renegade [[Time Lord]] who desires to rule the universe. Conceived as "[[Professor Moriarty]] to the Doctor's [[Sherlock Holmes]]",<ref>''Doctor Who Magazine Special Edition'' No. 2, 5 September 2002, [subtitled ''The Complete Third Doctor''], p. 14.</ref> the character first appeared in 1971. As with the Doctor, the role has been portrayed by several actors, since the Master is a Time Lord as well and able to regenerate; the first of these actors was [[Roger Delgado]], who continued in the role until his death in 1973. The Master was briefly played by [[Peter Pratt]] and [[Geoffrey Beevers]] until [[Anthony Ainley]] took over and continued to play the character until ''Doctor Who''{{'}}s hiatus in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who: Who is the Master? |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-who-is-the-master/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=RadioTimes |language=en-GB}}</ref> The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of ''[[Doctor Who (1996 film)|Doctor Who]]'', and was played by American actor [[Eric Roberts]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eric Roberts plays Doctor Who villain The Master in live-action for first time in 24 years |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-eric-roberts-master/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Radio Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> Following the series revival in 2005, [[Derek Jacobi]] provided the character's reintroduction in the 2007 episode "[[Utopia (Doctor Who)|Utopia]]". During that story, the role was then assumed by [[John Simm]], who returned to the role multiple times throughout the [[Tenth Doctor]]'s tenure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Simm Returns for the Finale! |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/news/latest/090728_news_02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418055321/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/news/latest/090728_news_02 |archive-date=18 April 2012 |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref> In the 2014 episode "[[Dark Water (Doctor Who)|Dark Water]]", it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation or "Time Lady", going by the name of "Missy" (short for Mistress, the feminine equivalent of "Master"). This incarnation is played by [[Michelle Gomez]]. Simm returned to his role as the Master alongside Gomez in the [[Doctor Who (series 10)|tenth series]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2017 |title=John Simm to return as the Master in Doctor Who |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/doctorwho/entries/9ecdaaa1-10e1-45a7-a266-bdd7a1adcdf2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406155936/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/doctorwho/entries/9ecdaaa1-10e1-45a7-a266-bdd7a1adcdf2 |archive-date=6 April 2017 |access-date=6 April 2017 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> The Master returned for the 2020 [[Doctor Who (series 12)|twelfth series]] with [[Sacha Dhawan]] in the role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siede |first=Caroline |date=1 January 2020 |title=Doctor Who's New Year's special kicks off the new season with a bang |url=https://www.avclub.com/doctor-who-s-new-year-s-special-kicks-off-the-new-seaso-1840726984 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> This incarnation dubbed himself the "Spy Master" referencing a role he had taken with [[MI6]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeffery |first=Morgan |title=Doctor Who: How did Missy become Sacha Dhawan's Master? |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-missy-master-sacha-dhawan/ |access-date=6 February 2024 |website=Radio Times}}</ref> ==Music== {{See also|List of Doctor Who composers{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' composers}} ===Theme music=== {{Main|Doctor Who theme music{{!}}''Doctor Who'' theme music}} {{Listen |type=music |filename=Doctor Who theme excerpt.ogg |title=''Doctor Who'' theme excerpt |description=An excerpt from the original (1963) classic theme music to ''Doctor Who'' }} The [[Doctor Who theme music|''Doctor Who'' theme music]] was one of the first [[electronic music]] signature tunes for television, and after more than a half century remains one of the most easily recognised. The original theme was composed by [[Ron Grainer]] and realised by [[Delia Derbyshire]] of the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]], with assistance from Dick Mills, and was released as a single on Decca F 11837 in 1964. The Derbyshire arrangement served, with minor edits, as the theme tune up to the end of [[Doctor Who season 17|season 17]] (1979–1980). It is regarded as a significant and innovative piece of electronic music recorded well before the availability of commercial synthesisers or multitrack mixers. Each note was individually created by cutting, splicing, speeding up and slowing down segments of [[analogue tape]] containing recordings of a single plucked string, [[white noise]], and the simple [[harmonic]] waveforms of [[Tone generator|test-tone oscillators]], intended for calibrating equipment and rooms, not creating music. New techniques were invented to allow [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]] of the music, as this was before the era of multitrack tape machines. On hearing the finished result, Grainer asked, "Jeez, Delia, did I write that?" She answered, "Most of it."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hebblethwaite |first=Phil |date=29 June 2016 |title=Surprising Facts about BBC Theme Tunes You've Heard Hundreds of Times |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/36b860f1-b3d5-4fcc-acdc-c2e95fb99176 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725043928/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/36b860f1-b3d5-4fcc-acdc-c2e95fb99176 |archive-date=25 July 2017 |access-date=12 January 2018 |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Although Grainer was willing to give Derbyshire the co-composer credit, it was against BBC policy at the time. She would not receive an on-screen credit until the 50th-anniversary story "The Day of the Doctor" in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pidd |first=Helen |date=20 November 2017 |title=Doctor Who theme's co-creator honoured with posthumous PhD |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/nov/20/delia-derbyshire-doctor-who-theme-co-creator-posthumous-phd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228115219/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/nov/20/delia-derbyshire-doctor-who-theme-co-creator-posthumous-phd |archive-date=28 December 2017 |access-date=31 December 2017 |website=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Ben |title=Doctor Who theme co-composer honoured with posthumous PhD |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2017-11-21/doctor-who-theme-co-composer-honoured-delia-derbyshire-honorary-phd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101030501/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2017-11-21/doctor-who-theme-co-composer-honoured-delia-derbyshire-honorary-phd/ |archive-date=1 January 2018 |access-date=31 December 2017 |website=Radio Times |publisher=Immediate Media Company Ltd}}</ref> A different arrangement was recorded by [[Peter Howell (musician)|Peter Howell]] for [[Doctor Who season 18|season 18]] (1980), which was in turn replaced by [[Dominic Glynn]]'s arrangement for the season-long serial ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' in [[Doctor Who season 23|season 23]] (1986). [[Keff McCulloch]] provided the new arrangement for the [[Seventh Doctor]]'s era, which lasted from [[Doctor Who season 24|season 24]] (1987) until the series' suspension in 1989. American composer [[John Debney]] created a new arrangement of Grainer's original theme for ''[[Doctor Who (film)|Doctor Who]]'' in 1996. For the return of the series in 2005, [[Murray Gold]] provided a new arrangement, which featured [[sampling (music)|samples]] from the 1963 original with further elements added in the 2005 Christmas episode "[[The Christmas Invasion]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/01/10/28657.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060114173247/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/01/10/28657.shtml|archive-date=14 January 2006|title=Hear the Christmas Song|publisher=BBC|date=10 January 2006|access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/01/03/28476.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060117152809/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/01/03/28476.shtml|archive-date=17 January 2006|title=The New Theme|publisher=BBC|date=3 January 2006|access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> A new arrangement of the theme, once again by Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, "[[Voyage of the Damned (Doctor Who)|Voyage of the Damned]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfx.co.uk/page/sfx?entry=phil_collinson_on_doctor_who|title=Phil Collinson on Doctor Who|publisher=SFX|first=Ian|last=Berriman|date=13 December 2007|access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> Gold returned as composer for the 2010 series, and was responsible for a new version of the theme which was reported to have had a hostile reception from some viewers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Blake |first=Heidi |date=18 April 2010 |title=Doctor Who: 'nasty' new theme tune angers fans |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/doctor-who/7603262/Doctor-Who-nasty-new-theme-tune-angers-fans.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530214525/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/doctor-who/7603262/Doctor-Who-nasty-new-theme-tune-angers-fans.html |archive-date=30 May 2010}}</ref> In 2011, the theme tune charted at number 228 of radio station Classic FM's Hall of Fame, a survey of classical music tastes. A revised version of Gold's 2010 arrangement had its debut over the opening titles of the 2012 Christmas special "[[The Snowmen]]", and a further revision of the arrangement was made for the 50th-anniversary special "[[The Day of the Doctor]]" in November 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Name of the Doctor |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-10-21/the-name-of-the-doctor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701083205/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-10-21/the-name-of-the-doctor/ |archive-date=1 July 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |website=Radio Times}}</ref> Versions of the "Doctor Who Theme" have also been released as pop music. In the early 1970s, Jon Pertwee, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics, titled, "Who Is the Doctor".{{efn|Often mistitled "I am the Doctor". Originally released as a 7" vinyl single, plain sleeve, December 1972 on label Purple PUR III}} In 1978, a disco version of the theme in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind, which reached number 24 in the UK charts. In 1988, the band The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (later known as [[The KLF]]) released the single "[[Doctorin' the Tardis]]" under the name The Timelords, which reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia; this version incorporated several other songs, including "Rock and Roll Part 2" by [[Gary Glitter]] (who recorded vocals for some of the CD-single remix versions of "Doctorin' the Tardis").<ref name="guardian music">{{Cite news |last=Peel |first=Ian |date=7 July 2008 |title=Doctor Who: a musical force? |work=The Guardian |publisher=[[Guardian News and Media Ltd.]] |location=London |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/07/doctor_who_a_musical_force.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708223445/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/07/doctor_who_a_musical_force.html |archive-date=8 July 2008}}</ref> Others who have covered or reinterpreted the theme include [[Orbital (band)|Orbital]],<ref name="guardian music" /> [[Pink Floyd]],<ref name="guardian music" /> the Australian string ensemble [[FourPlay Electric String Quartet|Fourplay]], New Zealand punk band [[Blam Blam Blam]], [[The Pogues]], [[Thin Lizzy]], [[Dub Syndicate]], and the comedians [[Bill Bailey]] and [[Mitch Benn]]. Both the theme and obsessive fans were satirised on ''[[The Chaser's War on Everything]]''. The theme tune has also appeared on many compilation CDs, and has made its way into mobile-phone ringtones. Fans have also produced and distributed their own remixes of the theme. In January 2011, the Mankind version was released as a [[music download|digital download]] on the album ''Gallifrey And Beyond''.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} On 26 June 2018, producer Chris Chibnall announced that the musical score for [[Doctor Who (series 11)|series 11]] would be provided by [[Royal Birmingham Conservatoire]] alumnus [[Segun Akinola]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeffery |first=Morgan |date=26 June 2018 |title=Doctor Who series 11 composer has been revealed |work=[[Digital Spy]] |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/doctor-who/news/a860312/doctor-who-series-11-composer-music/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627034313/http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/doctor-who/news/a860312/doctor-who-series-11-composer-music/ |archive-date=27 June 2018}}</ref> ===Incidental music=== {{See also|List of Doctor Who music releases{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' music releases}} Most of the innovative incidental music for ''Doctor Who'' has been specially commissioned from freelance composers, although in the early years some episodes also used [[stock music]], as well as occasional excerpts from original recordings or [[cover version]]s of songs by popular music acts such as [[The Beatles]] and [[The Beach Boys]]. Since its 2005 return, the series has featured occasional use of excerpts of pop music from the 1970s to the 2000s.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} The incidental music for the first ''Doctor Who'' adventure, ''An Unearthly Child'', was written by [[Norman Kay (composer)|Norman Kay]]. Many of the stories of the [[William Hartnell]] period were scored by electronic music pioneer [[Tristram Cary]], whose ''Doctor Who'' credits include ''The Daleks'', ''[[Marco Polo (Doctor Who)|Marco Polo]]'', ''The Daleks' Master Plan'', ''The Gunfighters'' and ''[[The Mutants]]''. Other composers in this early period included [[Richard Rodney Bennett]], [[Carey Blyton]] and [[Geoffrey Burgon]].{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was [[Dudley Simpson]], who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for ''[[Blake's 7]]'', and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of ''[[The Tomorrow People]]''. Simpson's first ''Doctor Who'' score was ''[[Planet of Giants]]'' (1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s, including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker periods, ending with ''[[The Horns of Nimon]]'' (1979). He also made a [[cameo appearance]] in ''The Talons of Weng-Chiang'' (as a [[Music hall]] conductor).<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2017 |title=Dudley Simpson: Composer and conductor who used synthesizers to create eerie music for Doctor Who serials |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London, UK |pages=33}}</ref> In 1980 starting with the serial ''[[The Leisure Hive]]'' the task of creating incidental music was assigned to the Radiophonic Workshop. [[Paddy Kingsland]] and [[Peter Howell (musician)|Peter Howell]] contributed many scores in this period and other contributors included [[Roger Limb]], [[Malcolm Clarke (composer)|Malcolm Clarke]] and [[Jonathan Gibbs (composer)|Jonathan Gibbs]]. The Radiophonic Workshop was dropped after 1986's ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' series, and [[Keff McCulloch]] took over as the series' main composer until the end of its run, with [[Dominic Glynn]] and [[Mark Ayres]] also contributing scores.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} From the 2005 revival to the 2017 Christmas episode "[[Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who)|Twice Upon a Time]]",{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} all incidental music for the series was composed by [[Murray Gold]] and [[Ben Foster (orchestrator)|Ben Foster]] and has been performed by the [[BBC National Orchestra of Wales]] from the 2005 Christmas episode "[[The Christmas Invasion]]" onwards. A concert featuring the orchestra performing music from the first two series took place on 19 November 2006 to raise money for Children in Need. David Tennant hosted the event, introducing the different sections of the concert. Murray Gold and [[Russell T Davies]] answered questions during the interval, and [[Dalek]]s and [[Cybermen]] appeared whilst music from their stories was played. The concert aired on [[BBC Red Button|BBCi]] on Christmas Day 2006. A [[Doctor Who Prom (2008)|Doctor Who Prom]] was celebrated on 27 July 2008 in the [[Royal Albert Hall]] as part of the annual [[BBC Proms]]. The BBC Philharmonic and the [[London Philharmonic Choir]] performed Murray Gold's compositions for the series, conducted by Ben Foster, as well as a selection of classics based on the theme of space and time. The event was presented by [[Freema Agyeman]] and guest-presented by various other stars of the show with numerous monsters participating in the proceedings. It also featured the specially filmed mini-episode "[[Music of the Spheres (Doctor Who)|Music of the Spheres]]", written by Russell T Davies and starring David Tennant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2008 |title=BBC Prom 27 July 2008 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/proms/2008/whatson/2707.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718203226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/proms/2008/whatson/2707.shtml |archive-date=18 July 2008 |access-date=29 September 2008 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Six soundtracks have been released since 2005. The [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack|first]] featured tracks from the first two series,<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2006 |title=Who soundtrack soon |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/07/17/33953.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813135617/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/07/17/33953.shtml |archive-date=13 August 2006 |access-date=4 August 2006 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2006 |title=Silva Screen announces Doctor Who CD release date |url=http://www.silvascreen.co.uk/news.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212205542/http://www.silvascreen.co.uk/news.htm |archive-date=12 December 2006 |access-date=4 December 2006 |website=Silva Screen |publisher=Silva Screen Records}}</ref> the [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack - Series 3|second]] and [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack - Series 4|third]] featured music from the third and fourth series respectively. The [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack - Series 4: The Specials|fourth]] was released on 4 October 2010 as a two-disc special edition and contained music from the 2008–2010 specials (''[[The Next Doctor]]'' to "[[The End of Time (Doctor Who)|End of Time Part 2]]").<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who&nbsp;– Series 4 – Murray Gold |url=http://silvascreenmusic.greedbag.com/buy/doctor-who-series-3/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902004830/http://silvascreenmusic.greedbag.com/buy/doctor-who-series-3/ |archive-date=2 September 2013 |access-date=6 September 2013 |publisher=Silva Screen Music}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who: Series 4-The Specials – Murray Gold |url=http://silvascreenmusic.greedbag.com/buy/doctor-who-series-4-the-specials-0/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119235042/http://silvascreenmusic.greedbag.com/buy/doctor-who-series-4-the-specials-0/ |archive-date=19 January 2014 |access-date=6 September 2013 |publisher=Silva Screen Music}}</ref> The [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack - Series 5|soundtrack for Series 5]] was released on 8 November 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who Series 5 Original TV Soundtrack (Music CD) |url=http://www.bbcshop.com/doctor-who/doctor-who-series-5-original-tv-soundtrack-music-cd/invt/silcd1345 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927162540/http://www.bbcshop.com/doctor-who/doctor-who-series-5-original-tv-soundtrack-music-cd/invt/silcd1345 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=6 September 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> In February 2011, a soundtrack was released for the 2010 Christmas special "A Christmas Carol",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who: A Christmas Carol (Soundtrack) |url=http://www.bbcshop.com/doctor-who/doctor-who-a-christmas-carol-soundtrack/invt/silcd1360 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920232638/http://www.bbcshop.com/doctor-who/doctor-who-a-christmas-carol-soundtrack/invt/silcd1360 |archive-date=20 September 2013 |access-date=6 September 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> and in December 2011, the [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack - Series 6|soundtrack for Series 6]] was released, both by Silva Screen Records.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who: Series 6 (Soundtrack) |url=http://www.bbcshop.com/soundtracks/doctor-who-series-6-soundtrack/invt/silcd1375 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927162449/http://www.bbcshop.com/soundtracks/doctor-who-series-6-soundtrack/invt/silcd1375 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=6 September 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> In 2013, a 50th-anniversary boxed set of audio CDs was released featuring music and sound effects from Doctor Who's 50-year history. The celebration continued in 2016 with the release of Doctor Who: The 50th Anniversary Collection Four LP Box Set by New York City-based Spacelab9. The company pressed 1,000 copies of the set on "Metallic Silver" vinyl, dubbed the "Cyberman Edition".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coopee |first=Todd |date=2 March 2016 |title=Doctor Who: The 50th Anniversary Collection 4 LP Box Set |url=https://toytales.ca/doctor-who-the-50th-anniversary-collection-4-lp-box-set/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307025256/https://toytales.ca/doctor-who-the-50th-anniversary-collection-4-lp-box-set/ |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=3 March 2016 |website=Toy Tales}}</ref> ==Viewership== {{Main|Doctor Who fandom{{!}}''Doctor Who'' fandom}} ===United Kingdom=== [[File:MCM Expo Oct 2009 - TARDIS (4042460628).jpg|left|thumb|The image of the [[TARDIS]] is iconic in British popular culture. Here, a woman [[Cosplay|dresses]] as a TARDIS.]] Premiering the day after the [[assassination of John F. Kennedy]], the first episode of ''Doctor Who'' was repeated with the second episode the following week.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lawson |first=Mark |date=30 September 2022 |title=JFK derails Doctor Who, plus the drama that was too terrifying to show: 100 years of the BBC, part five |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/sep/30/jfk-doctor-who-bbc-pythons-mathc-of-the-day-dads-army |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Farnell |first=Chris |date=9 June 2023 |title=Debunking Doctor Who Urban Legends: Daleks, JFK, and River Song's Dirty Joke |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/debunking-doctor-who-urban-legends-daleks-jfk-river-song/ |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=Den of Geek}}</ref> ''Doctor Who'' has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream [[BBC One]] channel, where it is regarded as a family show, drawing audiences of many millions of viewers;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kuiper |first=El |date=20 November 2023 |title='Doctor Who' Is Bigger Than Ever—Find Out Where It's Streaming |url=https://www.themarysue.com/where-is-doctor-who-streaming-answered/ |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=The Mary Sue}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gearan |first=Hannah |date=14 November 2023 |title="Quite Violent": 1 David Tennant Doctor Who Special Is "Not For Children," Showrunner Warns |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-60th-anniversary-not-for-children-showrunner/ |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> The programme's popularity has waxed and waned over the decades, with three notable periods of high ratings.<ref name="ratings chart">{{cite news|first=Matt |last=Hilton |title=Doctor Who—Top Chart Placing&nbsp;– 1963–2008 |url=http://www.gallifreyone.com/picview.php?ret=news&sub=news&id=season4_final_4.jpg |work=Doctor Who News Page |publisher=[[Outpost Gallifrey]] |date=16 July 2008 |access-date=16 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719041204/http://www.gallifreyone.com/picview.php?ret=news&sub=news&id=season4_final_4.jpg |archive-date=19 July 2008 }};{{Cite web |last=Hilton |first=Matt |date=11 January 2008 |title=Doctor Who Top Ratings: 1963–2007 |url=http://www.gallifreyone.com/picview.php?ret=news&sub=news&id=2007_ratings.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315003100/http://www.gallifreyone.com/picview.php?ret=news&sub=news&id=2007_ratings.jpg |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=17 July 2008 |website=Doctor Who News Page |publisher=[[Outpost Gallifrey]]}}</ref> The first of these was the "[[Dalekmania]]" period ({{circa|1964–1965}}), when the popularity of the Daleks regularly brought ''Doctor Who'' ratings of between 9 and 14 million, even for stories which did not feature them.<ref name="ratings chart" /> The second was the mid to late 1970s, when Tom Baker occasionally drew audiences of over 12&nbsp;million.<ref name="ratings chart" /> [[File:Cardiff - Dr Who Experience.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Exhibits in the ''Doctor Who Experience'', [[Cardiff Bay]], in 2015]] During the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] network strike of 1979, viewership peaked at 16&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratings Guide |url=https://guide.doctorwhonews.net/info.php?detail=ratings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040406/https://guide.doctorwhonews.net/info.php?detail=ratings |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=Doctor Who Guide}}</ref> Figures remained respectable into the 1980s, but fell noticeably after the programme's 23rd series was postponed in 1985 and the show was off the air for 18 months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elvy |first=Craig |date=20 November 2019 |title=Why Doctor Who Was Cancelled In The 1980s |url=https://screenrant.com/doctor-who-cancelled-1980s-why/ |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Its late 1980s performance of three to five million viewers was seen as poor at the time and was, according to the BBC Board of Control, a leading cause of the programme's 1989 suspension. Some fans considered this disingenuous, since the programme was scheduled against the ITV soap opera ''[[Coronation Street]]'', the most popular show at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ley |first=Shaun |date=29 May 2013 |title=Was Doctor Who rubbish in the 1980s? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-22628484 |url-status=live |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410021937/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-22628484 |archive-date=10 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Douglas |first=Torin |date=8 December 2010 |title=Why Corrie is an enduring TV hit |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-11935400 |url-status=live |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410044950/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-11935400 |archive-date=10 April 2019}}</ref> During Tennant's run (the third notable period of high ratings), the show had consistently high viewership, with the Christmas specials regularly attracting over 10&nbsp;million.<ref name="ratings chart" /> The BBC One broadcast of "[[Rose (Doctor Who episode)|Rose]]", the first episode of the 2005 revival, drew an average audience of 10.81&nbsp;million, third highest for BBC One that week and seventh across all channels.<ref name="ratings chart" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2008 |title=Weekly Viewing Summary: Terrestrial Top 30&nbsp;– Week ending 6 July 2008 |url=http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&requesttimeout=500 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713233601/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&RequestTimeout=500 |archive-date=13 July 2008 |access-date=16 July 2008 |website=[[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hilton |first=Matt |date=16 July 2008 |title=Journey's End: Officially Number One |url=http://www.gallifreyone.com/cgi-bin/viewnews.cgi?id=EkEykpAEuAeSoAAghE&tmpl=newsrss&style=feedstyle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719155722/http://www.gallifreyone.com/cgi-bin/viewnews.cgi?id=EkEykpAEuAeSoAAghE&tmpl=newsrss&style=feedstyle |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=16 July 2008 |website=Doctor Who News Page |publisher=[[Outpost Gallifrey]]}}</ref> The current revival also garners the highest audience [[Appreciation Index]] of any drama on television.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Mark |date=1 November 2007 |title=These sci-fi people vote |work=[[The Stage]] |url=http://blogs.thestage.co.uk/tvtoday/2007/11/these-scifi-people-vote/ |url-status=dead |access-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409164855/http://blogs.thestage.co.uk/tvtoday/2007/11/these-scifi-people-vote/ |archive-date=9 April 2008}}</ref> ===International=== [[File:DoctorWhoWorld Map.svg|thumb|upright=1.20|Map of countries that have broadcast ''Doctor Who'' ({{as of|2013|lc=y}})]] ''Doctor Who'' has been broadcast internationally outside of the United Kingdom since 1964, a year after the show first aired. {{as of|2013|November}}, the modern series has been broadcast in more than 50 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fear |first=Chelsea |date=20 November 2013 |title=50 Years of Doctor Who: Listening to Audiences Around the World |url=https://www.brandwatch.com/blog/dr-who/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040406/https://www.brandwatch.com/blog/dr-who/ |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=Brandwatch}}</ref> The 50th anniversary episode, "[[The Day of the Doctor]]", was broadcast in 94 countries and screened to more than half a million people in cinemas across Australia, Latin America, North America and Europe. The scope of the broadcast was a world record, according to ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Booth |first=Robert |date=24 November 2013 |title=Doctor Who one of biggest shows in the world, says BBC following 'simulcast' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/nov/24/doctor-who-biggest-show-world-bbc-simulcast |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> ''Doctor Who'' is one of the five top-grossing titles for [[BBC Worldwide]], the BBC's commercial arm.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sweney |first=Mark |date=8 July 2008 |title=Profits grow at BBC Worldwide |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jul/08/bbc.television2 |url-status=live |access-date=8 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930144404/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jul/08/bbc.television2 |archive-date=30 September 2013}}</ref> BBC Worldwide CEO [[John Smith (BBC executive)|John Smith]] has said that ''Doctor Who'' is one of a small number of "Superbrands" which Worldwide will promote heavily.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Connor |first=Gavin |date=13 July 2008 |title=Daleks speak to all nations |work=[[Wales on Sunday]] |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2008/07/13/daleks-speak-to-all-nations-91466-21331585/ |access-date=13 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080715043335/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2008/07/13/daleks-speak-to-all-nations-91466-21331585/ |archive-date=15 July 2008}}</ref> Only four episodes have premiere showings on channels other than [[BBC One]]. The 1983 20th-anniversary special "[[The Five Doctors]]" had its debut on 23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on a number of PBS stations two days before its BBC One broadcast. The 1988 story ''[[Silver Nemesis]]'' was broadcast with all three episodes airing back to back on [[TVNZ]] in New Zealand in November, after the first episode had been shown in the UK but before the final two instalments had aired there.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} Starting with the [[Doctor Who (2023 specials)|60th-anniversary specials]] in 2023, ''Doctor Who'' has been released on [[Disney+]] outside the United Kingdom and Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Dade |date=25 October 2022 |title='Doctor Who' Moves To Disney+ Outside UK And Ireland Via BBC-Disney Branded Television Partnership |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/doctor-who-moves-to-disney-plus-outside-uk-and-ireland-1235154220/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025141346/https://deadline.com/2022/10/doctor-who-moves-to-disney-plus-outside-uk-and-ireland-1235154220/ |archive-date=25 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]}}</ref> ====Oceania==== {{Main|Doctor Who in Australia{{!}}''Doctor Who'' in Australia}} New Zealand was the first country outside the United Kingdom to screen ''Doctor Who'', beginning in September 1964, and continued to screen the series for many years, including the new revived series that aired on [[Prime (New Zealand TV channel)|Prime]] Television from 2005 to 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand |url=https://broadwcast.org/index.php/New_Zealand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040201/https://broadwcast.org/index.php/New_Zealand |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=broadwcast}}</ref> In 2018, the series is aired on Fridays on TVNZ 2, and on TVNZ On Demand on the same episode as the UK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/shows/doctor-who |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930022605/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/shows/doctor-who |archive-date=30 September 2018 |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=TVNZ |publisher=[[Television New Zealand]]}}</ref> The series moved to [[TVNZ 1]] in 2021,{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} before TVNZ lost the rights to the show altogether in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-17 |title=TVNZ loses Dr Who to Disney+ as another franchise goes global |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/tvnz-loses-dr-who-to-disney-as-another-franchise-goes-global/BQA34MKN3VQXXKXBATWB7TC7TY/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=[[NZ Herald]] |language=en-NZ}}</ref> In Australia, the show has had a strong fan base since its inception, having been exclusively first run by the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] (ABC) since January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the daily screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary and the weekly screenings of all available revived episodes in 2013 for the show's 50th anniversary. The ABC broadcast the modern series' first run on [[ABC1]] and [[ABC Me]], with repeats on [[ABC2]] and streaming available on [[ABC iview]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Doctor Who: Everything you need to know about the new season without any spoilers |agency=ABC |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-20/doctor-who-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-season/10013820 |url-status=live |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040301/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-20/doctor-who-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-season/10013820 |archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> ====Americas==== {{Main|Doctor Who in Canada and the United States{{!}}''Doctor Who'' in Canada and the United States}} [[File:Icons of Science Fiction - Doctor Who, Dalek (15197698124).jpg|thumb|upright|Dalek at the ''Icons of Science Fiction'' exhibition held at the [[Museum of Pop Culture]], [[Seattle]] ]] The series also has a fan base in the United States, where it was shown in [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] from the 1970s to the 1990s, particularly on [[PBS]] stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Do Americans Like Doctor Who? {{!}} Forbes and Fifth {{!}} University of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.forbes5.pitt.edu/article/why-do-americans-doctor-who |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531131850/https://www.forbes5.pitt.edu/article/why-do-americans-doctor-who |archive-date=31 May 2019 |access-date=31 May 2019 |website=forbes5.pitt.edu}}</ref> [[File:WonderCon 2012 - Doctor Who (7019139071).jpg|thumb|Doctor Who fans [[cosplay]] as the Doctor and his companion, Rose, at [[WonderCon]], [[California]]]] [[TVOntario]] picked up the show in 1976 beginning with ''[[The Three Doctors (Doctor Who)|The Three Doctors]]'' and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991. From 1979 to 1981, TVO airings were bookended by science-fiction writer [[Judith Merril]] who introduced the episode and then, after the episode concluded, tried to place it in an educational context in keeping with TVO's status as an educational channel. Its airing of ''[[The Talons of Weng-Chiang]]'' was cancelled as a result of accusations that the story was [[racist]]; the story was later broadcast in the 1990s on cable station YTV. CBC began showing the series again in 2005. The series moved to the Canadian cable channel [[Space (Canadian TV channel)|Space]] in 2009.<ref name="Next Doctor" /> Series three began broadcasting on CBC on 18 June 2007 followed by the second Christmas special, "[[The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)|The Runaway Bride]]", at midnight,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Canada: Runaway Bride and Series Three on CBC |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/doctorwho/ |url-status=dead |access-date=9 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070531224227/http://www.cbc.ca/doctorwho/ |archive-date=31 May 2007}}</ref> and the Sci Fi Channel began on 6 July 2007, starting with the second Christmas special at 8:00&nbsp;pm E/P followed by the first episode.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sci Fi on Air Schedule |url=http://www.scifi.com/schedulebot/index.php3?date=6%20July%202007&feed_req= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611211201/http://www.scifi.com/schedulebot/index.php3 |archive-date=11 June 2007 |publisher=Scifi.com}}</ref> Series four aired in the United States on the Sci Fi Channel (now known as [[Syfy]]), beginning in April 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Doctor Who' series 4, 'Sarah Jane' Travel to Sci Fi |url=http://www.zap2it.com/tv/news/zap-doctorwhoseason4scifi,0,6573489.story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207013326/http://www.zap2it.com/tv/news/zap-doctorwhoseason4scifi%2C0%2C6573489.story |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=4 February 2008 |website=Zap2it}}</ref> It aired on CBC beginning 19 September 2008, although the CBC did not air the "Voyage of the Damned" special.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Series Four Starts 19 September on CBC |url=http://www.dwin.org/article.php?sid=242 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719032413/http://www.dwin.org/article.php?sid=242 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=22 May 2008 |website=dwin.org |publisher=Doctor Who Information Network}}</ref> The Canadian cable network Space (now known as [[CTV Sci-Fi Channel]]) broadcast "The Next Doctor" (in March 2009) and all subsequent series and specials.<ref name="Next Doctor">{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who: The Next Doctor |url=http://www.spacecast.com/shows/doctorwho.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331121045/http://www.spacecast.com/shows/doctorwho.aspx |archive-date=31 March 2009 |access-date=5 March 2009 |website=SPACE |publisher=[[CTVGlobemedia]]}}</ref> The series was aired in [[Brazil]] at the TV networks [[Syfy]] and, more frequently, at the public broadcaster [[TV Cultura]]. Expect international distribution rights holders, it had already been made available on local streaming platforms [[Looke]] and [[Globoplay]]. Starting from 2024, the previous 13 series will be available at the upcoming streaming service [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|+SBT]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SBT anuncia novo streaming para 2024 e tem Doctor Who como principal atração |url=https://aratuon.com.br/geral/2023-12-01/sbt-anuncia-novo-streaming-para-2024-e-tem-doctor-who-como-principal-atracao/ |date=1 December 2023 |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=Aratu On |publisher=[[TV Aratu]]}}</ref> ====Asia==== Series 1 through 3 of Doctor Who were broadcast on various [[NHK]] channels from 2006 to 2008 with Japanese subtitles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who NHK |url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/kaigai/doctorwho/yotei/yotei_27.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914071626/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/kaigai/doctorwho/yotei/yotei_27.html |archive-date=14 September 2008 |access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref> Beginning on 2 August 2009, upon the launch of [[Disney XD Japan|Disney XD in Japan]], the series has been broadcast with Japanese dubbing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ディズニーXD 8月「アーロン・ストーン」「ドクター・フー」他 |url=https://www.tvgroove.com/news/article/ctg/2/nid/2273.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819041352/https://www.tvgroove.com/news/article/ctg/2/nid/2273.html |archive-date=19 August 2019 |access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref> ===Home media=== {{Main|List of Doctor Who home video releases{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' home video releases}} A wide selection of serials is available from BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States. Every fully extant serial has been released on VHS, and BBC Worldwide continues to regularly [[List of Doctor Who DVD releases|release serials on DVD]]. The 2005 series is also available in its entirety on [[Universal Media Disc|UMD]] for the [[PlayStation Portable]]. Eight original series serials have been released on [[Laserdisc]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC classic series laserdiscs @ The TARDIS Library (Doctor Who books, DVDs, videos & audios) |url=http://www.timelash.com/tardis/list.asp?laserdisc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011081435/http://timelash.com/tardis/list.asp?laserdisc |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=30 July 2011 |publisher=Timelash}}</ref> and many have also been released on [[Betamax]] tape and [[Video 2000]]. One episode of Doctor Who ([[The Infinite Quest]]) was released on [[VCD]]. Initially, only the series from 2005 onwards were also available on [[Blu-ray]], along with the 1996 TV film ''[[Doctor Who (film)|Doctor Who]]'', released in September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doctor Who TV Movie Lands on blurray! |url=http://www.doctorwho.tv/whats-new/article/the-doctor-who-tv-movie-lands-on-bluray |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918020606/http://www.doctorwho.tv/whats-new/article/the-doctor-who-tv-movie-lands-on-bluray |archive-date=18 September 2016 |access-date=17 September 2016 |publisher=doctorwho.tv}}</ref> However in March 2021, it was announced that the classic run would be released on Blu-ray starting with seasons 12 and [[Doctor Who season 19|19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who classic seasons get new Blu-ray release after original run sells out |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-the-collection-classic-seasons-standard-edition/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |website=Radio Times}}</ref> Over 600 episodes of the classic series (the first 8 Doctors, from 1963 to 1996) are available to stream on [[BritBox]] (launched in 2017) and [[Pluto TV]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Over 600 Doctor Who Episodes |agency=BritBox |url=https://www.britbox.co.uk/ |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040205/https://www.britbox.co.uk/ |archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> From 2020, the revival series is available for streaming on [[HBO Max]], as well as spin-offs ''Sarah Jane Adventures'' and ''Torchwood''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MacDonald |first=Lindsay |date=1 August 2019 |title=Calling All Whovians: ''Doctor Who'' Is Streaming Exclusively on HBO Max Next Year |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/hbo-max-doctor-who-streaming-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040248/https://www.tvguide.com/news/hbo-max-doctor-who-streaming-hbo-max/ |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020 |website=TV Guide |publisher=[[Red Ventures]]}}</ref> Ahead of the 60th anniversary of the series, BBC cleared the rights to allow almost every single non-missing episode of ''Doctor Who''{{efn|With the exception of ''[[An Unearthly Child]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-an-unearthly-child-iplayer-newsupdate/|publisher=Radio Times|access-date=7 December 2023|date=17 October 2023|title=BBC confirms Doctor Who's first story won't be in iPlayer back catalogue}}</ref>}} onto [[iPlayer]]. Additionally various spin-offs were also added to iPlayer including ''[[Torchwood]]'', ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'', ''[[Class (2016 TV series)|Class]]'', and ''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/doctor-who-60-year-anniversary-800-episode-archive/ |title=Doctor Who celebrates 60 year anniversary by releasing 800 episodes online |last=Milici |first=Lauren |work=[[Total Film]] |date=10 October 2023 |accessdate=11 October 2023 }}</ref> ==Adaptations and other appearances== ===Films=== {{Main|Dr. Who (Dalek films){{!}}Dr. Who {{(-}}''Dalek'' films)|Doctor Who (film){{!}}''Doctor Who'' (film)}} There are two Dr. Who feature films: ''[[Dr. Who and the Daleks]]'', released in 1965 and ''[[Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D.]]'' in 1966. Both are retellings of existing television stories (specifically, the first two Dalek serials, ''[[The Daleks]]'' and ''[[The Dalek Invasion of Earth]]'' respectively) with a larger budget and alterations to the series concept.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} In these films, [[Peter Cushing]] plays a human scientist<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 January 2009 |title=Matt Smith is the eleventh, and youngest, actor to play Doctor Who |work=News |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/celebritynews/4124547/Matt-Smith-is-the-eleventh-and-youngest-actor-to-play-Doctor-Who.html?image=4 |url-status=live |access-date=15 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003144211/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/celebritynews/4124547/Matt-Smith-is-the-eleventh-and-youngest-actor-to-play-Doctor-Who.html?image=4 |archive-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> named "Dr. Who" who travels with his granddaughter, niece, and other companions in a time machine he has invented. The [[Dr. Who (Dalek films)#Other appearances|Cushing version]] of the character reappears in both comic strips and a short story, the latter attempting to reconcile the film continuity with that of the series. In addition, several planned films were proposed, including a sequel, ''The Chase'', loosely based on the [[The Chase (Doctor Who)|original series story]], for the Cushing Doctor, plus [[List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films#Proposed films|many attempted television movie and big-screen productions]] to revive the original ''Doctor Who'' after the original series was cancelled.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} [[Paul McGann]] starred in [[Doctor Who (film)|the only television film]] as the [[Eighth Doctor|eighth incarnation]] of the Doctor. After the film, he continued the role in audio dramas and was confirmed as the eighth incarnation through flashback footage and a mini episode in the 2005 revival, effectively linking the two series and the television movie.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} In 2011, [[David Yates]] announced that he had started work with the BBC on a ''Doctor Who'' film, a project that would take three or more years to complete. Yates indicated that the film would take a different approach from ''Doctor Who'',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dawtrey |first=Adam |date=14 November 2011 |title=Yates to direct bigscreen 'Doctor Who' |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2011/film/news/yates-to-direct-bigscreen-doctor-who-1118046098/ |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115192725/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118046098 |archive-date=15 November 2011}}</ref> although then showrunner [[Steven Moffat]] stated later that any such film would not be a reboot of the series and that a film should be made by the BBC team and star the current TV Doctor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sperling |first=Daniel |date=2 December 2011 |title='Doctor Who' Movie Will Not Be A Reboot Says Moffat |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a354022/doctor-who-movie-will-not-be-a-reboot-says-steven-moffat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119155344/http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/s7/doctor-who/news/a354022/doctor-who-movie-will-not-be-a-reboot-says-steven-moffat.html |archive-date=19 January 2012 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref> ===Spin-offs=== {{Main|Doctor Who spin-offs{{!}}''Doctor Who'' spin-offs}} ''Doctor Who'' has appeared on stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, [[Trevor Martin]] played the role in ''Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday''. In the late 1980s, Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker both played the Doctor at different times during the run of a play titled ''Doctor Who&nbsp;– The Ultimate Adventure''. For two performances, while Pertwee was ill, [[David Banks (British actor)|David Banks]] (better known for playing [[Cybermen]]) played the Doctor. Other original plays have been staged as amateur productions, with other actors playing the Doctor, while [[Terry Nation]] wrote ''The Curse of the Daleks'', a stage play mounted in the late 1960s, but without the Doctor.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} A pilot episode ("[[A Girl's Best Friend]]") for a potential spin-off series, ''[[K-9 and Company]]'', aired in 1981, with [[Elisabeth Sladen]] reprising her role as companion [[Sarah Jane Smith]] and [[John Leeson]] as the voice of [[K9 (Doctor Who)|K9]], but was not picked up as a regular series. Concept art for an animated ''Doctor Who'' series was produced by animation company [[Nelvana]] in the 1980s, but the series was not produced.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=http://www.cbc.ca/planetofthedoctor/videos.html |title=The Planet of the Doctor, Part 6: Doctor Who & Culture II |date=2004 |type=Documentary |publisher=[[CBC Television]] |place=Toronto |access-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702214033/http://www.cbc.ca/planetofthedoctor/videos.html |archive-date=2 July 2009 |url-status=dead |format=[[QuickTime]] or [[Windows Media]] |people=Bailey, Shaun (Producer); Kalangis, Johnny (Director)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Planet of the Doctor |work=[[CBC Television]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/planetofthedoctor/tb_gallery.html |access-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430203208/http://www.cbc.ca/planetofthedoctor/tb_gallery.html |archive-date=30 April 2008}}</ref> Following the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled ''[[Torchwood]]'' (an [[anagram]] of "Doctor Who"), set in modern-day [[Cardiff]] and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on [[BBC Three]] on 22 October 2006.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Stephen James |title=Inside the Hub |publisher=[[Telos Publishing]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84583-013-7 |location=Tolworth, Surrey |page=101 |author-link=Stephen James Walker}}</ref> [[John Barrowman]] reprised his role of [[Jack Harkness]] from the 2005 series of ''Doctor Who''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 October 2005 |title=Doctor Who spin-off made in Wales |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4349120.stm |url-status=live |access-date=24 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423184225/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4349120.stm |archive-date=23 April 2006}}</ref> Two other actresses who appeared in ''Doctor Who'' also star in the series: [[Eve Myles]] as [[Gwen Cooper]], who played the similarly named servant girl Gwyneth in the 2005 ''Doctor Who'' episode "[[The Unquiet Dead]]",<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2006 |title=Team Torchwood |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/02/24/29846.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208082919/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/02/24/29846.shtml |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=24 April 2006 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> and [[Naoko Mori]], who reprised her role as [[Toshiko Sato]], first seen in "[[Aliens of London]]". A second series of ''Torchwood'' aired in 2008; for three episodes, the cast was joined by Freema Agyeman reprising her ''Doctor Who'' role of [[Martha Jones]]. A third series was broadcast from 6 to 10 July 2009, and consisted of a single five-part story called ''Children of Earth'' which was set largely in London. A fourth series, ''[[Torchwood: Miracle Day]]'' jointly produced by BBC Wales, BBC Worldwide and the American entertainment company Starz debuted in 2011. The series was predominantly set in the United States, though Wales remained part of the show's setting.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'', starring [[Elisabeth Sladen]] who reprised her role as investigative journalist [[Sarah Jane Smith]], was developed by [[CBBC]]; a special aired on New Year's Day 2007, and a full series began on 24 September 2007.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Russell T Davies creates new series for CBBC, starring Doctor Who's Sarah Jane Smith |date=14 September 2006 |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/09_september/14/sarah.shtml |access-date=14 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040152/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/9_september/14/sarah.shtml |archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> A second series followed in 2008, featuring the return of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Daniel |date=1 December 2008 |title=Why is the Brigadier joining Sarah Jane? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/tvandradioblog/2008/dec/01/sarah-jane-dr-who-brigadier |access-date=1 April 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkes |first=Niel |date=28 September 2008 |title=Preview: Sontaran return in 'Sarah Jane' |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/cult/a131081/preview-sontaran-return-in-sarah-jane/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> A third in 2009 featured a crossover appearance from the main show by David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Holmwood |first=Leigh |date=26 May 2009 |title=Doctor Who's David Tennant to appear in Sarah Jane Adventures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/may/26/david-tennant-doctor-who |access-date=1 April 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McEwan |first=Cameron K. |date=14 October 2009 |title=The Sarah Jane Adventures: Prisoner Of The Judoon Part One review |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/the-sarah-jane-adventures-prisoner-of-the-judoon-part-one-review/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Den of Geek]]}}</ref> In 2010, a fourth season featured [[Matt Smith]] as the Eleventh Doctor alongside former companion actress [[Katy Manning]] reprising her role as [[Jo Grant]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Dan |date=27 October 2010 |title=Doctor Who: Matt Smith in The Sarah Jane Adventures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2010/oct/27/doctor-who-matt-smith-sarah-jane-adventures |access-date=1 April 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A final, three-story fifth series was transmitted in autumn 2011&nbsp;– uncompleted due to Sladen's death in early 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ling |first=Thomas |date=19 April 2020 |title=Doctor Who's Russell T Davies announces Sarah Jane Adventures goodbye story |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-whos-russell-t-davies-announces-sarah-jane-adventures-goodbye-story/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Radio Times]]}}</ref> An animated serial, ''[[The Infinite Quest]]'', aired alongside the 2007 series of ''Doctor Who'' as part of the children's television series ''[[Totally Doctor Who]]''. The serial featured the voices of series regulars David Tennant and [[Freema Agyeman]] but is not considered part of the 2007 series.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2007 |title=Who's a Toon? |work=BBC Doctor Who website |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/01/26/40315.shtml |url-status=dead |access-date=26 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202125822/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/01/26/40315.shtml |archive-date=2 February 2007}}</ref> A second animated serial, ''[[Dreamland (Doctor Who)|Dreamland]]'', aired in six parts on the [[BBC Red Button]] service, and the official ''Doctor Who'' website in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2009 |title=Wire star set for Dr Who cartoon |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8300002.stm |url-status=live |access-date=6 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012045347/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8300002.stm |archive-date=12 October 2009}}</ref> ''[[Class (2016 TV series)|Class]]'', featuring students of Coal Hill School, was first aired on-line on BBC Three from 22 October 2016, as a series of eight 45 minute episodes, written by [[Patrick Ness]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Doctor Who Team |date=October 2015 |title=BBC Latest News&nbsp;– Doctor Who&nbsp;– Doctor Who Spin Off: Class |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/doctorwho/entries/953c5b1f-3cc8-4db9-8184-f1b6567260f1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027033906/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/doctorwho/entries/953c5b1f-3cc8-4db9-8184-f1b6567260f1 |archive-date=27 October 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |website=Doctor Who}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dowell |first=Ben |date=29 February 2016 |title=Doctor Who spin off Class begins filming in April 2016 and may feature Peter Capaldi |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-02-29/doctor-who-spin-off-class-to-start-filming-in-april-with-peter-capaldi-set-to-pop-up-in-new-show |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301094301/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-02-29/doctor-who-spin-off-class-to-start-filming-in-april-with-peter-capaldi-set-to-pop-up-in-new-show |archive-date=1 March 2016 |access-date=29 February 2016 |publisher=[[RadioTimes]]}}</ref> Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor appears in the show's first episode.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} The series was picked up by [[BBC America]] on 8 January 2016 and by [[BBC One]] a day later.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Friedlander |first=Whitney |date=8 January 2016 |title=BBC America Sets 'Doctor Who' Spinoff 'Class' for 2016 |url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/class-doctor-who-spinoff-2016-prey-philip-glenister-1201675312/ |url-status=live |magazine=Variety |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817235036/http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/class-doctor-who-spinoff-2016-prey-philip-glenister-1201675312/ |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> On 7 September 2017, BBC Three controller Damian Kavanagh confirmed that the series had officially been cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeffrey |first=Morgan |date=7 September 2017 |title=BBC Three boss confirms Doctor Who spin-off Class is done: "It just didn't really land for us" |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/cult/a837477/bbc-three-class-doctor-who-spin-off-cancelled/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907215648/http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/class/news/a837477/bbc-three-class-doctor-who-spin-off-cancelled/ |archive-date=7 September 2017 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref> On 27 January 2023, [[Russell T Davies]] confirmed via [[GQ]] that future ''Doctor Who'' spin-offs were in the works.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russell T Davies confirms Doctor Who spin-offs: "Time for the next stage" |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-spin-offs-newsupdate/ |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=Radio Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2023 |title=Doctor Who boss Russell T Davies confirms return of spin-off shows |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a42691790/doctor-who-boss-confirms-return-spin-offs/ |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2023 |title=Russell T. Davies wants Edgar Wright to direct Doctor Who |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/russell-t-davies-nolly-doctor-who-interview-2023 |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=British GQ}}</ref> At [[San Diego Comic-Con]] in July 2024, Davies confirmed a new spin-off series, ''[[The War Between the Land and the Sea]]'', was in development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/doctor-who-spin-off-the-war-between-the-land-and-the-sea-announced-at-san-diego-comic-con|title=Doctor Who Spin-Off The War Between The Land And The Sea Announced at San Diego Comic-Con|last=Colbert|first=Isaiah|date=26 July 2024|accessdate=26 July 2024|work=[[IGN]]}}</ref> Davies wrote the spin-off with [[Pete McTighe]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/doctor-who-spinoff-the-war-between-the-land-and-the-sea-1236085079/|title='Doctor Who' Spinoff 'The War Between the Land and Sea' Announced, Russell Tovey and Gugu Mbatha-Raw to Star|last=Stephan|first=Katcy|date=26 July 2024|accessdate=26 July 2024|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> which will consist of five parts, and is set to be directed by [[Dylan Holmes Williams]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/doctor-who-spinoff-the-war-between-the-land-and-the-sea-disney-plus/|title='Doctor Who' Spin-Off 'The War Between the Land and the Sea' Heads to Disney+|last=Taylor|first=Drew|date=26 July 2024|accessdate=26 July 2024|work=[[The Wrap]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcberman1/2024/07/26/doctor-who-news-disney-and-the-bbc-announce-spinoff-the-war-between-the-land-and-the-sea/|title='Doctor Who' News: 'The War Between The Land And The Sea' Spinoff On The Way|last=Berman|first=Marc|date=26 July 2024|accessdate=26 July 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> [[Jemma Redgrave]] and Alexander Devrient are expected to reprise their roles from ''Doctor Who'' as [[Kate Lethbridge-Stewart]] and Colonel Ibrahim,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvline.com/news/doctor-who-spinoff-cast-gugu-mbatha-raw-russell-tovey-sea-devils-1235295969/|title=Doctor Who: Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Russell Tovey Join Series Vets in War Between Land and Sea Spinoff|last=Mitovich|first=Matt Webb|date=26 July 2024|accessdate=26 July 2024|work=[[TVLine]]}}</ref> while [[Russell Tovey]] and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]], who portrayed characters in ''Doctor Who'', were cast as new characters. The series is expected to see the return of the [[Sea Devil (Doctor Who)|Sea Devils]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/doctor-who-spinoff-disney-bbc-1235959164/|title='Doctor Who' Spinoff Officially Happening at Disney, BBC|last1=Vlessing|first1=Etan|last2=Gajewski|first2=Ryan|date=26 July 2024|accessdate=26 July 2024|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Numerous other spin-off series have been created not by the BBC but by the respective owners of the characters and concepts. Such spin-offs include the novel and audio drama series ''[[Faction Paradox]]'', ''[[Iris Wildthyme]]'' and ''[[Bernice Summerfield]]''; as well as the made-for-video series ''[[P.R.O.B.E.]]''; the Australian-produced television series ''[[K9 (TV series)|K-9]]'', which aired a 26-episode first season on [[Disney XD (British & Irish TV channel)|Disney XD]];<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2006 |title=Doctor Who dog K9 gets spin-off |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4939144.stm |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613221102/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4939144.stm |archive-date=13 June 2006}}</ref> and the audio spin-off ''Counter-Measures''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2011 |title=New Doctor Who Spin off&nbsp;... Counter-Measures |url=http://bigfinish.com/news/New-Doctor-Who-Spin-off-Counter-Measures |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022061150/http://www.bigfinish.com/news/New-Doctor-Who-Spin-off-Counter-Measures |archive-date=22 October 2011 |access-date=26 October 2013 |publisher=[[Big Finish Productions]]}}</ref> ===Aftershows=== When the revived series of ''Doctor Who'' was brought back, an aftershow series was created by the BBC, titled ''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]''. There have been three aftershow series created, with the latest one titled ''[[Doctor Who: The Fan Show]]'', which began airing from the tenth series. Each series follows behind-the-scenes footage on the making of ''Doctor Who'' through clips and interviews with the cast, production crew and other people, including those who have participated in the television series in some manner. Each episode deals with a different topic, and in most cases refers to the ''Doctor Who'' episode that preceded it.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Series !! Episodes !! First aired !! Last aired !! Narrator / Presenter |- | ''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' || 87 || 26 March 2005 || 1 October 2011 || David Tennant (2005)<br />Simon Pegg (2005)<br />Mark Gatiss (2005–2006)<br />Anthony Head (2006–2010)<br />Noel Clarke (2009)<br />Alex Price (2010)<br />Russell Tovey (2010–2011) |- | ''[[Doctor Who Extra]]'' || 90 || 23 August 2014 || 5 December 2015 || Matt Botten<br />Rufus Hound<br />Matt Lucas<br />Charity Wakefield |- | ''[[Doctor Who: The Fan Show]]'' || 166 || 8 May 2015 || 3 August 2018 || Christel Dee (main host)<br />Luke Spillane (co-host) |- | ''Doctor Who: Access All Areas'' || 10 || 13 October 2018 || 13 December 2018 || Yinka Bokinni |- | ''[[Doctor Who: Unleashed]]'' || {{tmpv|Doctor Who: Unleashed|Infobox television||num_episodes}} || 17 November 2023 || present || Steffan Powell |} ===Charity episodes and appearances=== In 1983, coinciding with the series' 20th anniversary, "[[The Five Doctors]]" was shown as part of the annual BBC ''[[Children in Need]]'' Appeal, however it was not a charity-based production, simply scheduled within the line-up of Friday 25 November 1983. This was the programme's first co-production with Australian broadcaster [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]].<ref>{{Cite AV media notes |title=The Five Doctors |title-link=The Five Doctors |year=1985 |type=Cover |publisher=BBC |id=BBC 2020 2}}</ref> At 90 minutes long it was the longest single episode of ''Doctor Who'' produced to date. It featured three of the first five Doctors, a new actor to replace the deceased William Hartnell, and unused footage to represent Tom Baker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Five Doctors Serial 6K |url=http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_6k.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202002/http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_6k.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=24 October 2013 |publisher=drwhoguide.com}}</ref> In 1993, for the franchise's 30th anniversary, another charity special, ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'', was produced for ''Children in Need'', featuring all the surviving actors who played the Doctor and a number of previous companions. It also featured a crossover with the soap opera ''[[EastEnders]]'', the action taking place in the latter's [[Albert Square]] location and around [[Greenwich]]. The special was one of several special 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time, using a 3D system that made use of the [[Pulfrich effect]], requiring glasses with one darkened lens; the picture would look normal to those viewers who watched without the glasses.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} [[File:"Paddington Who", Paddington Bear, Royal Observatory - geograph.org.uk - 4282486.jpg|thumb|upright|''Doctor Who''-themed [[Paddington Bear]] statue at the Royal Observatory, [[London]], in 2014. Designed by the twelfth Doctor [[Peter Capaldi]], it was auctioned for the [[National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] (NSPCC).]] In 1999, another special, ''[[Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death]]'', was made for [[Comic Relief]] and later released on VHS. An affectionate [[parody]] of the television series, it was split into four segments, mimicking the traditional serial format, complete with [[cliffhanger]]s, and running down the same corridor several times when being chased (the version released on video was split into only two episodes).{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} In the story, the Doctor ([[Rowan Atkinson]]) encounters both [[Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]] ([[Jonathan Pryce]]) and the [[Dalek]]s. During the special, the Doctor is forced to regenerate several times, with his subsequent incarnations played by, in order, [[Richard E. Grant]], [[Jim Broadbent]], [[Hugh Grant]], and [[Joanna Lumley]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitbrook |first=James |date=22 March 2022 |title=We've Already Had Enough of Hugh Grant as Doctor Who's Doctor |url=https://gizmodo.com/hugh-grant-doctor-who-casting-curse-of-fatal-death-1848688997 |access-date=11 February 2024 |website=Gizmodo}}</ref> The script was written by [[Steven Moffat]], later to be head writer and executive producer of the revived series.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 2008 |title=Doctor Who guru Davies steps down |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7411177.stm |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215163911/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7411177.stm |archive-date=15 February 2009}}</ref> Since the return of ''Doctor Who'' in 2005, the franchise has produced two original "mini-episodes" to support Children in Need. The first, which aired in November 2005, was an [[Doctor Who: Children in Need|untitled seven-minute scene]] introducing [[David Tennant]] as the [[Tenth Doctor]]. It was followed in November 2007 by "[[Time Crash]]", a 7-minute scene that featured the Tenth Doctor meeting the [[Fifth Doctor]], [[Peter Davison]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Who Needs Another Doctor? |work=BBC News |date=21 November 2007|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/10/21/50016.shtml |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025112220/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/10/21/50016.shtml |archive-date=25 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A set of two mini-episodes, titled [[Space and Time (Doctor Who)|"Space" and "Time"]] respectively, were produced to support [[Comic Relief]]. They were aired during the [[Comic Relief#2011 event|Comic Relief 2011 event]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2011 |title=Doctor Who For Comic Relief&nbsp;– Exclusive |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/news/a306899/moffat-reveals-who-comic-relief-plot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305215900/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/news/a306899/moffat-reveals-who-comic-relief-plot.html |archive-date=5 March 2011 |access-date=6 March 2011 |website=[[SFX (magazine)|SFX]]}}</ref> During ''[[Children in Need 2011]]'', an exclusively filmed segment showed the Doctor addressing the viewer, attempting to persuade them to purchase items of his clothing, which were going up for auction for Children in Need. ''[[Children in Need 2012]]'' featured the mini-episode "[[The Great Detective (Doctor Who)|The Great Detective]]".<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2012 |title=Doctor Who Mini Episode |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p011h3sb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040155/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p011h3sb |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=BBC |format=Video}}</ref> In 2014, the [[Twelfth Doctor]] [[Peter Capaldi]] designed a ''Doctor Who''-themed [[Paddington Bear]] statue, which was located at the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich|Royal Observatory]] in [[Greenwich]] (one of 50 placed around London), which was auctioned to raise funds for the [[National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] (NSPCC).<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Paddington Bear Statues Have Taken Over London |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2014-11-24/paddington-bear-statues-taken-over-london-david-beckham-benedict-cumberbatch |access-date=25 November 2023|work=Condé Nast}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=50 Paddington Bear sculptures unveiled in London – gallery |url=https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/gallery/2014/nov/03/paddington-bear-trail-sculptures-celebrities |date=3 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2023 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> ===Spoofs and cultural references=== {{Main|Doctor Who spoofs{{!}}''Doctor Who'' spoofs}} ''Doctor Who'' has been satirised and spoofed on many occasions by comedians including [[Spike Milligan]] (a Dalek invades his bathroom—Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and [[Lenny Henry]]. [[Jon Culshaw]] frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC ''[[Dead Ringers (series)|Dead Ringers]]'' series.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35uYgSYXtfA |title=Dead Ringers meets Doctor Who&nbsp;– Comedy Greats&nbsp;– BBC |publisher=BBC |year=2005 |time=0:00–1:30 |access-date=12 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223080400/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35uYgSYXtfA |archive-date=23 December 2015 |url-status=live |people=Mark Perry, Kevin Connelly and Phil Cornwell}}</ref> [[Doctor Who fandom|''Doctor Who'' fandom]] has also been lampooned on programs such as ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', ''[[The Chaser's War on Everything]]'', ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'', ''[[Family Guy]]'', ''[[American Dad!]]'', ''[[Futurama]]'', ''[[South Park]]'', ''[[Community (TV series)|Community]]'' as Inspector Spacetime, ''[[The Simpsons]]'' and ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]''.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} As part of the 50th-anniversary programmes, former [[Fifth Doctor]] Peter Davison directed, wrote, and co-starred in the parody ''[[The Five(ish) Doctors Reboot]]'', which also starred two other former Doctors, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy, and had cameo appearances from cast and crew involved in the programme, including showrunner [[Steven Moffat]] and Doctors Paul McGann, David Tennant, and Matt Smith.<ref>"The Five(ish) Doctors Reboot", BBC. Retrieved 23 November 2013</ref> There have also been [[Doctor Who in popular culture|many references to ''Doctor Who'' in popular culture]] and other science fiction, including ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' ("[[The Neutral Zone (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|The Neutral Zone]]")<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2012 |title=Random Doctor Who References in American TV Shows |newspaper=Arcadia Pod |url=http://anamericanviewofbritishsciencefiction.com/2012/04/23/random-doctor-who-references-in-american-tv-shows/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817142304/http://anamericanviewofbritishsciencefiction.com/2012/04/23/random-doctor-who-references-in-american-tv-shows/ |archive-date=17 August 2013 |access-date=27 August 2013 |publisher=An American View of British Science Fiction}}</ref> and ''[[Leverage (American TV series)|Leverage]]''. In the [[Channel 4]] series ''[[Queer as Folk (British TV series)|Queer as Folk]]'' (created by later ''Doctor Who'' executive producer Russell T. Davies), the character of Vince was portrayed as an avid ''Doctor Who'' fan, with references appearing many times throughout in the form of clips from the programme. In a similar manner, the character of Oliver on ''[[Coupling (British TV series)|Coupling]]'' (created and written by [[Steven Moffat]]) is portrayed as a ''Doctor Who'' collector and enthusiast. References to ''Doctor Who'' have also appeared in the young adult fantasy novels ''[[Brisingr]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paolini |first=Christopher |title=Brisingr (Hardcover) |date=20 September 2008 |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |isbn=978-0-375-82672-6 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/brisingrorsevenp00paol/page/204 204, 761] |chapter=Shadows of the Past |quote='Bending over, Eragon read, ''Adrift upon the sea of time, the lonely god wanders from shore to distant shore, upholding the laws of the stars above.''{{'}} and in acknowledgments 'Also, for those who understood the reference to a 'lonely god' when Eragon and Arya sitting around the campfire, my only excuse is that the Doctor can travel everywhere, even alternate realities. Hey, I'm a fan too!' |author-link=Christopher Paolini |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/brisingrorsevenp00paol/page/204}}</ref> and ''[[High Wizardry]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2005 |title=Man in the Bar, the |url=http://www.youngwizards.com/ErrantryWiki/index.php/Man_In_The_Bar%2C_the |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516110815/http://www.youngwizards.com/ErrantryWiki/index.php/Man_In_The_Bar%2C_the |archive-date=16 May 2006 |access-date=5 July 2007 |website=The Errantry Concordance |publisher=[[Diane Duane]]}}</ref> the video game ''[[Rock Band (video game)|Rock Band]]'',{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} the [[Adult Swim]] comedy show ''[[Robot Chicken]]'', the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episodes "[[Blue Harvest]]" and "[[420 (Family Guy)|420]]", and the game ''[[RuneScape]]''. It has also been referenced in ''[[Destroy All Humans! 2]]'', by civilians in the game's variation of England,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Destroy All Humans! 2 |url=http://www.vgfacts.com/game/destroyallhumans2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040410/https://www.vgfacts.com/game/destroyallhumans2/ |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=21 March 2016 |website=vgfacts.com}}</ref> and multiple times throughout the ''[[Ace Attorney]]'' series.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney |url=http://www.vgfacts.com/game/apollojusticeaceattorney/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311152016/http://www.vgfacts.com/game/apollojusticeaceattorney/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |access-date=21 March 2016 |website=vgfacts.com}}</ref> It has been featured in ''[[Good Omens (TV series)|Good Omens]]'' through the first ''Doctor Who Annual''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Good Omens Star David Tennant Addresses Show's Doctor Who Reference (Exclusive) |url=https://comicbook.com/tv-shows/news/good-omens-star-david-tennant-addresses-shows-doctor-who-reference-exclusive/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704044636/https://comicbook.com/tv-shows/news/good-omens-star-david-tennant-addresses-shows-doctor-who-reference-exclusive/ |archive-date=2024-07-04 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=TV Shows |date=29 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> ''Doctor Who'' has been a reference in several political cartoons, from a 1964 cartoon in the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' depicting [[Charles de Gaulle]] as a Dalek<ref>{{Cite news |last=Illingsworth |first=Leslie Gilbert |date=25 November 1964 |title=The Degaullek (France's leader, General De Gaulle, is caricatured as a Dalek) |work=Daily Mail |location=London |format=Reprint at the British Cartoon Archive |url=http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/record/06435 |url-status=live |access-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716062417/http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/record/06435 |archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> to a 2008 edition of ''[[This Modern World]]'' by [[Tom Tomorrow]] in which the Tenth Doctor informs an incredulous character from 2003 that the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] will nominate [[Barack Obama|an African-American]] as its presidential candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=This Modern World |url=https://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/06/10/doctor-who-in-this-modern-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315113407/https://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/06/10/doctor-who-in-this-modern-world/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |website=The Week that Was |publisher=[[Tom Tomorrow]]}}</ref> The word "TARDIS" is an entry in the ''[[Shorter Oxford English Dictionary]].''<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2002 |title=The essence of the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' |url=http://www.askoxford.com/worldofwords/wordfrom/shorter/?view=uk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510202311/http://www.askoxford.com/worldofwords/wordfrom/shorter/?view=uk |archive-date=10 May 2008 |access-date=15 May 2009}}</ref> ===Audio=== {{See also|List of Doctor Who audio releases{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' audio releases|List of Doctor Who audiobooks{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' audiobooks|List of Doctor Who audio plays by Big Finish{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' audio plays by Big Finish}} The earliest ''Doctor Who''–related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story ''[[The Chase (Doctor Who)|The Chase]]'' released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on [[LP record]]; ''[[Doctor Who and the Pescatons]]'' featuring the Fourth Doctor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who – Doctor Who & The Pescatons/Doctor Who Sound Affects ''[sic]'' |url=http://recordstoreday.co.uk/exclusive-releases/rsd-2017/doctor-who/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807095122/https://recordstoreday.co.uk/exclusive-releases/rsd-2017/doctor-who/ |archive-date=7 August 2018 |access-date=6 March 2021 |website=[[Record Store Day]]}}</ref> The first commercially available audiobook was an abridged reading of the Fourth Doctor story ''[[State of Decay (Doctor Who)|State of Decay]]'' in 1981. In 1988, during a hiatus in the television show, ''[[Slipback]]'', the first radio drama, was transmitted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genesis of the Daleks & Slipback |url=http://www.timelash.com/tardis/display.asp?1 |access-date=6 March 2021 |publisher=Timelash – The TARDIS Library}}</ref> Since 1999, [[Big Finish Productions]] has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors, with Paul McGann's Eighth Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor began appearing for Big Finish in 2012.<ref name="WildernessY">{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Steve |date=23 November 2023 |title=Doctor Who's wilderness years: How fans kept the flame alive after it was cancelled in 1989 |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/doctor-whos-wilderness-years-cancelled-1989-092337657.html |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=[[Yahoo! Entertainment]]}}</ref> Along with the main range, adventures of the First, Second and Third Doctors have been produced in both limited cast and full cast formats, as well as audiobooks. The 2013 series ''[[Destiny of the Doctor]]'', produced as part of the series' 50th-anniversary celebrations, marked the first time Big Finish created stories (in this case audiobooks) featuring the Doctors from the revived show.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} Along with this, in May 2016, the Tenth Doctor, David Tennant, appeared alongside Catherine Tate in a collection of three audio adventures,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Adventures - Coming May 16th 2016! - News - Big Finish |url=https://www.bigfinish.com/news/v/doctor-who-the-tenth-doctor-adventures-coming-may-16th-2016 |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=bigfinish.com}}</ref> before receiving his own range.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who - The Tenth Doctor Adventures - Ranges |url=https://www.bigfinish.com/ranges/v/doctor-who---the-tenth-doctor-adventures |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=[[Big Finish Productions]]}}</ref><ref name="WildernessY" /> In August 2020, Big Finish announced a new series of audios beginning release in May 2021, featuring [[Christopher Eccleston]] reprising his role as the [[Ninth Doctor]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher Eccleston returns to Doctor Who – News – Big Finish |url=https://www.bigfinish.com/news/v/christopher-eccleston-returns-to-doctor-who |access-date=6 March 2021 |website=[[Big Finish Productions]]}}</ref><ref name="WildernessY" /> The main range, ''[[Doctor Who: The Monthly Adventures]]'', holds the ''[[Guinness World Record]]'' for the longest-running science fiction audio play series.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2021 |title=Longest running science fiction audio play series |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/652735-longest-running-science-fiction-audio-play-series |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Guinness World Records}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-monthly-adventures-guinness-world-records-newsupdate/ |title=Doctor Who monthly audio range from Big Finish lands Guinness World Records title |last=Cremona |first=Patrick |work=[[Radio Times]] |date=26 April 2021 |accessdate=23 May 2024 }}</ref> In 2020 Big Finish revealed that ''The Monthly Adventures'' would come to an end in favor of individual box sets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who Relaunch Plans Revealed by Big Finish |url=https://comicbook.com/tv-shows/news/doctor-who-big-finish-relaunch-2022/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=TV Shows|date=29 May 2021 }}</ref> In 2022, [[BBC Sounds]] began airing ''Doctor Who: Redacted'', a podcast written by [[Juno Dawson]] and starring [[Charlie Craggs]] and [[Jodie Whittaker]]. The podcast focuses on a trio of friends who host a paranormal conspiracy podcast, "The Blue Box Files", and end up getting involved in much more than they expected.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hogan |first=Micahel |date=29 April 2022 |title='Very gay, very trans': the incredible Doctor Who spin-off that's breathing new life into the franchise |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/apr/29/doctor-who-redacted-transgender-podcast |access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fullerton |first=Huw |date=8 April 2022 |title=Jodie Whittaker to star in new Doctor Who audio drama spin-off |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/jodie-whittaker-doctor-who-redacted-audio-drama-newsupdate/ |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=RadioTimes}}</ref> The podcast was later renewed for a second series.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=Josh |date=8 April 2022 |title=Brilliant! Jodie Whittaker back for more Time Lord hijinks in podcast spinoff 'Doctor Who: Redacted' |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/jodie-whittaker-doctor-who-redacted-podcast |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=[[SyFy]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Books=== {{See also|List of Doctor Who novelisations{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' novelisations|List of Doctor Who anthologies (2009–present){{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' anthologies (2009–present)|Eighth Doctor Adventures{{!}}''Eighth Doctor Adventures''|Past Doctor Adventures{{!}}''Past Doctor Adventures''|New Series Adventures{{!}}''New Series Adventures''}} ''Doctor Who'' books have been published from the mid-sixties through to the present day. From 1965 to 1991 the books published were primarily novelised adaptations of broadcast episodes; beginning in 1991 an extensive line of original fiction was launched, the [[Virgin New Adventures]] and [[Virgin Missing Adventures]]. Since the relaunch of the programme in 2005, a new range of novels has been published by [[BBC Books]]. Numerous non-fiction books about the series, including guidebooks and critical studies, have also been published,{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} and a dedicated ''[[Doctor Who Magazine]]'' (''DWM'') with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979: ''DWM'' is recognised by ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' as the longest running TV tie-in magazine, celebrating 40 years of continuous publication on 11 October 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2013/11/doctor-who-50th-anniversary-the-time-lord's-world-records-53100|title=Doctor Who 50th anniversary: The Time Lord's world records|work=Guinness World Records|date=22 November 2013 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> This is published by Panini, as is the ''[[Doctor Who Adventures]]'' magazine for younger fans.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/03/29/30790.shtml|title=''Doctor Who Adventures'': New magazine for younger viewers launches|work=BBC News |date=20 March 2006 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> ===Video games=== {{See also|List of Doctor Who video games{{!}}List of ''Doctor Who'' video games}} Numerous ''Doctor Who'' [[video games]] have been created from the mid-80s through to the present day. A ''Doctor Who'' game was planned for the [[Sega Mega Drive]] but never released.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=August 1994 |title=News: Diddly-Dum, De Diddly-Dum... |url=https://archive.org/stream/mean-machines-sega-magazine-22#page/n10/mode/2up |magazine=[[Mean Machines Sega]] |publisher=[[EMAP]] |issue=21 |pages=10–11}}</ref> One of the recent ones is a [[match-3]] game released in November 2013 for [[iOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], Amazon App Store and [[Facebook]] called ''[[Doctor Who: Legacy]]''. It has been constantly updated since its release and features all the Doctors as playable characters as well as over 100 companions.<ref>[http://toucharcade.com/2015/02/17/doctor-who-legacy-keeps-getting-updated-as-10th-anniversary-of-dr-who-show-approaches/ 'Doctor Who: Legacy' Keeps Getting Updated as 10th Anniversary of 'Dr. Who' Show Approaches] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219202531/http://toucharcade.com/2015/02/17/doctor-who-legacy-keeps-getting-updated-as-10th-anniversary-of-dr-who-show-approaches/ |date=19 February 2015 }}. Retrieved 26 February 2015.</ref> Another video game instalment is [[Lego Dimensions]] – in which Doctor Who is one of the many "Level Packs" in the game. The pack contains the Twelfth Doctor (who can reincarnate into the others), K9, the TARDIS and a Victorian London adventure level area. The game and pack released in November 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2015 |title=All the Doctor Whos are in Lego Dimensions|work=Eurogamer.net |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/all-the-doctor-whos-are-in-lego-dimensions |access-date=27 September 2023}}</ref> ''Doctor Who: Battle of Time'' was a digital collectible card game developed by [[Bandai Namco Entertainment]] and released for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=TGT |date=10 August 2018 |title=Bandai Namco soft launches Doctor Who: Battle of Time |url=https://www.thegallifreytimes.com/news/bandai-namco-soft-launches-doctor-who/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823134831/https://www.thegallifreytimes.com/news/bandai-namco-soft-launches-doctor-who/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=22 August 2021 |publisher=thegallifreytimes.com}}</ref> It was soft-launched on 30 May 2018 in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Thailand, but was shut down on 26 November of that same year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Iain |date=8 November 2018 |title=Bandai Namco shuts down soft-launched title Doctor Who: Battle of Time |url=https://www.pocketgamer.biz/asia/news/69427/bandai-namco-shut-down-soft-launched-doctor-who-game/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823134522/https://www.pocketgamer.biz/asia/news/69427/bandai-namco-shut-down-soft-launched-doctor-who-game/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=22 August 2021 |publisher=[[Pocket Gamer]]}}</ref> ''Doctor Who Infinity'' was released on [[Steam (service)|Steam]] on 7 August 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who Infinity on Steam |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/725370/Doctor_Who_Infinity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922211749/https://store.steampowered.com/app/725370/Doctor_Who_Infinity/ |archive-date=22 September 2018 |access-date=25 April 2019 |website=STEAM Store}}</ref> It was nominated for "Best Start-up" at [[The Independent Game Developers' Association]] Awards 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Suzi |date=19 September 2018 |title=TIGA Announces Games Industry Awards 2018 Finalists |url=https://tiga.org/news/tiga-announces-games-industry-awards-2018-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425140519/https://tiga.org/news/tiga-announces-games-industry-awards-2018-finalists |archive-date=25 April 2019 |access-date=25 April 2019 |website=TIGA |publisher=[[Independent Games Developers Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 Winners |url=https://tiga.org/awards/2018-winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425143701/https://tiga.org/awards/2018-winners |archive-date=25 April 2019 |access-date=25 April 2019 |website=TIGA |publisher=[[Independent Games Developers Association]]}}</ref> ==Chronology and canonicity== Since the creation of the ''Doctor Who'' character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about ''Doctor Who'', in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC, there have also been novels, comics, short stories, audio books, radio plays, interactive video games, game books, webcasts, DVD extras, and stage performances. The BBC takes no position on the [[Canon (fiction)|canonicity]] of any of such stories, and producers of the show have expressed distaste for the idea of canonicity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Russell T. |date=March 2014 |title=Doctor Who Magazine |issue=356}}</ref> ==Awards== {{main|List of awards and nominations received by Doctor Who{{!}}List of awards and nominations received by ''Doctor Who''}} The show has received [[List of awards and nominations received by Doctor Who|recognition]] as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 [[British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series]] and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the [[National Television Awards]] during [[Russell T Davies]]' tenure as executive producer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 January 2010 |title=Doctor Who scoops two TV awards |work=News |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8471232.stm |url-status=live |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040301/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8471232.stm |archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sperling, Daniel |date=26 January 2011 |title=National Television Awards 2011&nbsp;– Winners |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a300378/national-television-awards-2011-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201192132/http://www.digitalspy.com/british-tv/news/a300378/national-television-awards-2011-winners.html |archive-date=1 December 2012 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> In 2011, [[Matt Smith]] became the first Doctor to be nominated for a [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actor|BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2011 |title=Ratings-winners dominate the Bafta shortlist |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/ratingswinners-dominate-the-bafta-shortlist-2275173.html |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=The Independent}}</ref> and in 2016, [[Michelle Gomez]] became the first woman to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series, getting a [[British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] nomination for her work as [[The Master (Doctor Who)#Missy|Missy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2016 Television Supporting Actress {{!}} BAFTA Awards |url=https://awards.bafta.org/award/2016/television/supporting-actress |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=awards.bafta.org}}</ref> [[File:Matt Smith , Jenna Louise Coleman and Steven Moffat at the 72nd Annual Peabody Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Matt Smith]], [[Jenna-Louise Coleman]] and [[Steven Moffat]] accepting a [[Peabody Award]] for ''Doctor Who'' in 2013]] In 2013, the [[Peabody Award]]s honoured ''Doctor Who'' with an Institutional Peabody "for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe."<ref>[http://www.peabodyawards.com/award-profile/institutional-award-doctor-who 72nd Annual Peabody Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913014108/http://www.peabodyawards.com/award-profile/institutional-award-doctor-who |date=13 September 2014 }}, May 2013.</ref> The programme is listed in ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' as the longest-running science-fiction television show in the world,<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2006 |title=Dr Who 'longest-running sci-fi' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5390372.stm |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525115004/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5390372.stm |archive-date=25 May 2012}}</ref> as the "most successful" science-fiction series of all time—based on its overall broadcast ratings, [[DVD]] and book sales, and [[iTunes]] traffic<ref name="Miller" />—and for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its [[The Day of the Doctor|50th-anniversary special]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2013 |title=Guinness World Record for The Day of the Doctor |url=http://www.doctorwho.tv/whats-new/article/guinness-world-record-for-the-day-of-the-doctor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040443/https://www.doctorwho.tv/news/?article=guinness-world-record-for-the-day-of-the-doctor |archive-date=16 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> In 1975, [[Doctor Who season 11|Season 11]] of the series won a [[Writers' Guild of Great Britain]] award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial. In 1996, BBC television held the "Auntie Awards" as the culmination of their "TV60" series, celebrating 60 years of BBC television broadcasting, where ''Doctor Who'' was voted as the "Best Popular Drama" the corporation had ever produced, ahead of such ratings heavyweights as ''[[EastEnders]]'' and ''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Culf |first=Andrew |date=4 November 1996 |title=Viewers spurn TV's golden age in poll of small screen classics as the BBC fetes its 60th birthday |page=4 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> In 2000, ''Doctor Who'' was ranked third in a list of the [[100 Greatest British Television Programmes]] of the 20th century, produced by the [[British Film Institute]] and voted on by industry professionals.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 September 2000 |title=Fawlty Towers tops TV hits |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/911085.stm |url-status=live |access-date=18 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621143654/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/911085.stm |archive-date=21 June 2006}}</ref> In 2005, the series came first in a survey by [[SFX magazine|''SFX'' magazine]] of "The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever". In [[Channel 4]]'s 2001 list of the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows, ''Doctor Who'' was placed at number nine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Greatest ... (The 100 Greatest Kids TV Shows) |url=http://www.itnsource.com/en/shotlist/ITVProgs/2001/08/27/Y22530001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221232148/http://www.itnsource.com/en/shotlist/ITVProgs/2001/08/27/Y22530001/ |archive-date=21 February 2015 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=[[ITN Source]]}}</ref> In 2004 and 2007, ''Doctor Who'' was ranked number 18 and number 22 on [[TV Guide]]'s Top Cult Shows Ever.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2004 |title=25 Top Cult Shows Ever! |work=TV Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2007 |title=TV Guide Names the Top Cult Shows Ever |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/top-cult-shows-40239/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507142236/https://www.tvguide.com/news/top-cult-shows-40239/ |archive-date=7 May 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |website=TV Guide |publisher=[[Red Ventures]]}}</ref> In 2013, TV Guide ranked it as the sixth-best sci-fi show.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16–22 September 2013 |title=TV Guide Magazine}}</ref> The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five [[BAFTA TV Award]]s, including [[British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series|Best Drama Series]], the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 April 2006 |title=Doctor leads Bafta Cymru winners |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4934216.stm |url-status=live |access-date=24 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105164822/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4934216.stm |archive-date=5 January 2007}}</ref> It was very popular at the [[BAFTA Cymru Awards]], with 25 wins overall including Best Drama Series (twice), Best Screenplay/Screenwriter (thrice) and Best Actor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2008 |title=Bafta glory for Channel 4's Boy A |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7395593.stm |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517174026/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7395593.stm |archive-date=17 May 2008}}</ref> It was also nominated for 7 [[Saturn Award]]s, winning the only [[Saturn Award for Best International Series|Best International Series]] in the ceremony's history. In 2009, ''Doctor Who'' was voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4, behind ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]'' and ''[[The Apprentice (British TV series)|The Apprentice]]''. The episode "[[Vincent and the Doctor]]" was [[shortlisted]] for a Mind Award at the 2010 Mind Mental Health Media Awards for its "touching" portrayal of [[Vincent van Gogh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners announced |url=http://www.mhmawards.org.uk/shortlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123050254/http://www.mhmawards.org.uk/shortlist.html |archive-date=23 November 2010 |access-date=4 May 2011 |publisher=[[Mind (charity)|Mind]] |quote=Dr Who&nbsp;– "Vincent and the Doctor" (BBC One/BBC Wales). [[Richard Curtis]] writes this touching episode of ''Dr Who'' about the mental health experiences of the great artist Vincent van Gogh.}}</ref> It has won the Short Form of the [[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form|Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation]], the oldest science fiction/fantasy award for films and series, six times since 2006. The winning episodes were "[[The Empty Child]]"/"[[The Doctor Dances]]" (2006), "[[The Girl in the Fireplace]]" (2007), "[[Blink (Doctor Who)|Blink]]" (2008), "[[The Waters of Mars]]" (2010), "[[The Pandorica Opens]]"/"[[The Big Bang (Doctor Who)|The Big Bang]]" (2011), and "[[The Doctor's Wife]]" (2012).<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2006 |title=Hugo and Campbell Awards Winners |url=http://www.locusmag.com/2006/News/08_HugoCampbellWinners.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903090237/http://www.locusmag.com/2006/News/08_HugoCampbellWinners.html |archive-date=3 September 2006 |access-date=27 August 2006 |website=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus Online]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2007 |title=2007 Hugo Awards |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/index.php?page_id=127 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708101608/http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2007-hugo-awards/ |archive-date=8 July 2013 |access-date=1 September 2007 |website=World Science Fiction Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2008 |title=2008 Hugo Awards Announced |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/index.php?page_id=146 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722140104/http://www.thehugoawards.org/2008/08/2008-hugo-award-results-announced/ |archive-date=22 July 2012 |access-date=15 August 2007 |website=World Science Fiction Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 April 2011 |title=2011 Hugo and Campbell Awards Nominees |url=http://www.locusmag.com/News/2011/04/2011-hugo-and-campbell-awards-nominees/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910154410/http://www.locusmag.com/News/2011/04/2011-hugo-and-campbell-awards-nominees/ |archive-date=10 September 2012 |access-date=24 April 2011 |newspaper=Locus Online}}</ref> The 2016 Christmas special "[[The Return of Doctor Mysterio]]" was also a finalist for the 2017 Hugo Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2017 |title=BBC Latest News – Doctor Who |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/doctorwho/entries/60727db8-a9c6-4859-b959-a9735a4eccd4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408231101/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/doctorwho/entries/60727db8-a9c6-4859-b959-a9735a4eccd4 |archive-date=8 April 2017 |access-date=14 April 2017 |website=BBC}}</ref> ''Doctor Who'' star Matt Smith won Best Actor in the [[17th National Television Awards|2012 National Television awards]] alongside Karen Gillan, who won Best Actress.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2012 |title=National TV Awards 2012: The winners |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-16733585 |access-date=4 January 2024 |work=BBC News}}</ref> As a British series, the majority of its nominations and awards have been for national competitions such as the BAFTAs, but it has occasionally received nominations in mainstream American awards, most notably a nomination for "Favorite Sci-Fi Show" in the 2008 [[People's Choice Awards]], and the series has been nominated multiple times in the Spike [[Scream Awards]], with Smith winning Best Science Fiction Actor in 2011. The Canadian [[Constellation Awards]] have also recognised the series. In 2019, ''Doctor Who'' was inducted into the [[Museum of Pop Culture#Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame|Science Fiction Hall of Fame]] based in [[Seattle, Washington]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Science Fiction Hall of Fame |url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/sf_hall_of_fame |access-date=21 April 2023 |work=Encyclopedia of Science Fiction}}</ref> ==See also== * [[Time travel in fiction]] * [[List of Welsh television series]] ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== === Citations === {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="1996 Speedup">{{cite web |url=http://www.impossiblethings.net/restorationteam/tvm.htm |title=The Television Movie |last=Roberts |first=Steve |publisher=[[Doctor Who Restoration Team]] |date=4 June 2001 |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526164018/http://www.impossiblethings.net/restorationteam/tvm.htm |archive-date=26 May 2019 }}</ref> }} ===Cited texts=== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |title=Doctor Who: The Sixties |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |last3=Stammers |first3=Mark |publisher=[[Virgin Books]] |year=1992 |isbn=0-86369-707-0 |edition=paperback |location=London |ref=none |author-link=David J. Howe}} * {{Cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |title=The Handbook: The First Doctor—The William Hartnell Years 1963–1966 |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |last3=Stammers |first3=Mark |publisher=[[Virgin Books]] |year=1994 |isbn=0-426-20430-1 |location=London |ref=none |author-link=David J. Howe}} * {{Cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |title=Doctor Who: The Television Companion |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |last3=Stammers |first3=Mark |publisher=[[BBC Books]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-563-40588-7 |edition=1st |location=London |ref=none |author-link=David J. Howe}} * {{Cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |title=The Television Companion: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to DOCTOR WHO |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |publisher=[[Telos Publishing]] |year=2003 |isbn=1-903889-51-0 |edition=2nd |location=[[Canterbury]] |ref=none |author-link=David J. Howe}} * {{Cite book |last=Richards |first=Justin |title=Doctor Who—The Legend |publisher=[[BBC Books]] |year=2003 |isbn=0-563-48602-3 |edition=1st |location=London |ref=none |author-link=Justin Richards}} {{refend}} ==Further reading== * Matt Hills. ''Triumph of a Time Lord: Regenerating "Doctor Who" in the Twenty-First Century'' (I. B. Tauris, 2010). 261 pages. Discusses the revival of the BBC's ''Doctor Who'' in 2005 after it had been off the air as a regular series for more than 15 years; topics include the role of "fandom" in the sci-fi programme's return, and notions of "cult" and "mainstream" in television. ===Scholarly views=== * {{Cite book |title=The Unsilent Library: Essays on the Russell T. Davies Era of the New Doctor Who |date=2011 |publisher=Science Fiction Foundation |isbn=978-0903007085 |editor-last=Bradshaw |editor-first=Simon |editor-last2=Keen |editor-first2=Anthony |editor-last3=Sleight |editor-first3=Graham}} * {{Cite book |last=Chapman |first=James |title=Inside the TARDIS: The Worlds of Doctor Who |date=2013 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1780761404 |location=London}} * Charles, Alec. "War Without End?: Utopia, the Family, and the Post-9/11 World in Russell T. Davies's ''Doctor Who''{{-"}}. ''Science Fiction Studies'' (2008): 450–465. * Charles, Alec. 2011. "[http://muse.jhu.edu/article/427006/pdf The crack of doom: The uncanny echoes of Steven Moffat's Doctor Who]". ''Science Fiction Film and Television''; Vol. 4, Issue 1, Spring 2011. Liverpool University Press. This analysis is framed specifically by the Freudian notion of the uncanny, and suggests that Moffat's work on ''Doctor Who'' confronts unconscious perceptions, repressed fears and death itself through storytelling techniques which attempt to connect directly with the audience by deconstructing the distance between material reality and the fantasy space of the series. * Fisher, R. Michael, and Barbara Bickel. "The Mystery of Dr. Who? On A Road Less Traveled in Art Education". ''Journal of Social Theory in Art Education'' 26.1 (2006): 28–57. * Fiske, John. "Popularity and ideology: A structuralist reading of Dr. Who". ''Interpreting television: Current research perspectives'' (1984): 165–198. * McCormack, Una (2011). "He's Not the Messiah: Undermining Political and Religious Authority in New ''Doctor Who''". In Bradshaw, S., Anthony Keen and Graham Sleight (eds.), ''The Unsilent Library: Essays on the Russell T. Davies Era of the New Doctor Who''. The Science Fiction Foundation. * Orthia, Lindy A. "Antirationalist critique or fifth column of scientism? Challenges from ''Doctor Who'' to the mad scientist trope". ''Public Understanding of Science'' 20.4 (2011): 525–542. * Perryman, Neil. "''Doctor Who'' and the Convergence of Media: A Case Study in Transmedia Storytelling". ''Convergence'' 14.1 (2008): 21–39. ==External links== {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons and category|Doctor Who}} ===Official websites=== * {{BBC programme}} * {{official website|https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/|name=Official website on BBC}} * {{official website|https://ondisneyplus.disney.com/show/doctor-who|name=Official website on Disney+}} * [http://www.doctorwho.tv/ ''Doctor Who''] at [[BBC Worldwide]] * Archived websites: [https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/ 1963–1996], [https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/archive.shtml 2005–2007], [https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/ 2008] * [https://www.bbcstudios.com/case-studies/doctor-who/ Production website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914184743/https://www.bbcstudios.com/case-studies/doctor-who/ |date=14 September 2022 }} ===Reference websites=== {{TardisIndexFile}} * [http://drwhoguide.com/who.htm ''Doctor Who'' Reference Guide]&nbsp;– synopses of all media based on the series (1963–2012) * ''Doctor Who'' at [[IMDb]]: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056751/ 1963], [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116118/ 1996], [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436992/ 2005], [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt31433814/ 2023] * {{AllMovie title|174951}} * {{Guardian topic}}  {{Doctor Who}} {{Doctor Who episodes}} {{Navboxes |title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Doctor Who|Awards for ''Doctor Who'']] |list = {{BAFTA TV Award for Best Drama Series 1998–2009}} {{Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form}} {{National Television Award for Outstanding Drama Series}} {{Nebula Award for Best Script/Bradbury Award 2001–2020}} {{Saturn Award for Best Television Presentation}} {{TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Youth Programming}} }} {{Media in Cardiff}} {{Russell T Davies}} {{Steven Moffat}} {{Chris Chibnall}} {{Disney+ original series}} {{Subject bar|Doctor Who|BBC|Science fiction|Television|United Kingdom}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Doctor Who| ]] [[Category:1960s British drama television series]] [[Category:1960s British science fiction television series]] [[Category:1963 British television series debuts]] [[Category:1970s British drama television series]] [[Category:1970s British science fiction television series]] [[Category:1980s British drama television series]] [[Category:1980s British science fiction television series]] [[Category:1989 British television series endings]] [[Category:2000s British drama television series]] [[Category:2000s British science fiction television series]] [[Category:2005 British television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s British drama television series]] [[Category:2010s British science fiction television series]] [[Category:2020s British drama television series]] [[Category:2020s British science fiction television series]] [[Category:1960s time travel television series]] [[Category:1970s time travel television series]] [[Category:1980s time travel television series]] [[Category:2000s time travel television series]] [[Category:2010s time travel television series]] [[Category:2020s time travel television series]] [[Category:Adventure television series]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (television series)]] [[Category:BBC Cymru Wales television shows]] [[Category:BBC high definition shows]] [[Category:BBC One original programming]] [[Category:Black-and-white British television shows]] [[Category:British science fiction television shows]] [[Category:British television series revived after cancellation]] [[Category:British time travel television series]] [[Category:British English-language television shows]] [[Category:Disney+ original programming]] [[Category:Fiction about intergalactic travel]] [[Category:Hugo Award–winning television series]] [[Category:Mass media franchises introduced in 1963]] [[Category:Nonlinear narrative television series]] [[Category:Peabody Award–winning television programs]] [[Category:Saturn Award–winning television series]] [[Category:Soft science fiction]] [[Category:Space adventure television series]] [[Category:Television series about extraterrestrial life]] [[Category:Television series about parallel universes]] [[Category:Television series by Bad Wolf (production company)]] [[Category:Television series by BBC Studios]] [[Category:Television series by Universal Television]] [[Category:Television series created by C. E. Webber]] [[Category:Television series created by Donald Wilson (writer and producer)]] [[Category:Television series created by Sydney Newman]] [[Category:Television series produced at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Television series set in the future]] [[Category:Television series set on fictional planets]] [[Category:Television shows adapted into comics]] [[Category:Television shows adapted into films]] [[Category:Television shows adapted into novels]] [[Category:Television shows adapted into video games]] [[Category:Television shows filmed in Wales]] [[Category:Temporal war fiction]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who:_Unleashed" title="Doctor Who: Unleashed">Doctor Who: Unleashed</a> (<a 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