CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "epubs.siam.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92c3c8642d69fe1a',cH: 'KrkEibWOx9lrqwGW63rBsZ42m40eF3OfcRP.S.K3iX4-1743968696-1.2.1.1-FqynPffwolZXTG.RsbfQB5DvXnsJtap3l6z8fzryBd9q4SIiTlxRAG6kRa7OL.x1',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1137\/15M1035550?__cf_chl_tk=SHHjHrWDTHdtC0Vn8qPTHnKnumr60K0f7uSv1zaBJ1E-1743968696-1.0.1.1-rBiavRqVQvf0CPrqCtGGtI2CYvNCIlKQAARpwtsECtk",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1743968696',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1137\/15M1035550?__cf_chl_f_tk=SHHjHrWDTHdtC0Vn8qPTHnKnumr60K0f7uSv1zaBJ1E-1743968696-1.0.1.1-rBiavRqVQvf0CPrqCtGGtI2CYvNCIlKQAARpwtsECtk",md: "GRrQaOdDMPI.i.MR02q3_VHjBWYBMSsnqtPbtqTbxUA-1743968696-1.2.1.1-.oaTYTkesbiLHG7W7K8Y_aOEHbmbsZ08l.8g5V7t7pYSr8lCpNr9zMhcEHwNMcu.FpYxdDMZQJFek.xtJDClMTmxi8shKb1NDsu2FLiAYtlrEWnZ9wIAHKeDoIdHuBplocq2a2dnrAiWYvYD9h.zuzVN1bFQxhYfAwCvUEoaxN0tptZuiqRdNXLgAIqAsthTxZqMytpKV.PZ773wQYHuSUDorqpY8fvPvhTTwnluQwhIJM2xWg6rlhyXTVGarmBTUicsyvfapTUVzEvI_XVOm9JlssLXqrr3sxT4UYSfHJWwk6.kpPnCSpc2OR458bz1iUbrunkX3MwRR.p1cPx3cjHoOR5EYPk.L8vLDD18nO3MmhEg2aoEFJ50EoSE0ZO2Oqc8VcrCOS_bTgCykm75xj4pfUz2JFUBARGSM2eJu0UdONJXCkf3RwPapME3l.WjAkeVV5oIrS7Y5eug4iitbJUPt.zA9FKBeoOjn3DlvBsRyrTlsUODk8_zyiy6gmY4cnWVDkaZYJUTPEXJFOoVLAMHnXk8cHAAwy9o9YnlqtGZ1_MO4wBWzit0kUImwPw94fri6WbVxlOJY0A9JETBAPsRsH8Qppkzpe9AVGsu9SGhg0c4FoyJd_Nnd4gHrvOXh.70GUik13x6MPC_N.7plqsdh35B8tv4hkUt4Cr8rS4XtbYljG.6JoOurMi55XdfuXsU.9FfFjDOOZkYJnsOorv.sz1aSFI.L..XHmpyWE3iusiH2sPBjORJBxA5MV9yuEIsIs2huuVSHD5PoX8pY9HoGmzkBOzDCdlZVbZ5NA6rAEJHL7GdQSMkedaZbqX_0.5557KckpUvWvrN3E0OlYGHTo9HA9E2XB._bdCAmI4U0ZBe1LDTYyIvOoAEBk1yM612GepTBp.UlsVgkN8viTcGOyiHwALzup3CWSD2414dXXywhw2Ftr2v4oZ_EompX7.KImJbZqiHdiv3gtj3qW7QUJq5qM172p1zBII9GHxU.wgXB9uF8jNndRnlQHa4B1Wce_DNpYj.mS8V3niCrhkpBHBRpopfa5tTqnFEQXtR84zFKvLbQtk.F8D.JAB5klidm8oi5lkIDdJoP8PNGvccQEG1i6d0P3LM17qpdgNbc7VuvjPAwrGJITWWPRRytBGUmuZT0iMX7IfBfpcOKu3yjxYmdeGIyBKSELedcxOBExusLTL38C8VmquLviGUw_jnLrZ_waDtqt0jLGPlMIvD_hJ4bH7RKdkymiAz7Eunqa.PmYSK5AqOS7xvAu88",mdrd: "8xUUsSE8dWKNYsTeSDlKqiHZjF3Wzul3QxQM1jflhV8-1743968696-1.2.1.1-0IqgUckWuUQDNHxxeCxH1uqmvohnm7uQrpr_FwEOAFXeHmMEJb.6Yeo6p3_jpQx3rZRMIDXER463xNMMeuIUguyR5h51k5sOH.xRi5BUkDsMr6ejbD0sf.pIxWso5l5q0kbBsruCDCBzR3gkKYCL_OXBNaF1ggTIFKt8K0Xnzx5_s4TPYuAoUtgj8KgZSJBEl8xUU5bFP0dGA0ppD73iN812OLy0NWDRrl6VMdNePi0KQbWlCEfd29wF8toN.9Bc.ULsIE0Sva51qQ0_ILLM7Fv0c1pJMxY6QF6wOO7jtDXyQAoo92jzBzfFoOmv9X1HcgtODiEyk2idebS9IpnCR.fV5_3l2a7rTP_q4h3ajgIEuULJlK9MhRS0XdRRM7SWdp2Wf97EuA48o6Mls0mY.Ek4UcTaDNRLqKWVV7qxnV.WYsKyYY.48da_jZ1zjo_IOEjSGtHUJU2kK_jSY3xpnXNhgS8v4PCxTTwmWSVF_2JiiIs6dafoGg2D0AjqwjusmFlirBpr.vJJrVB0AcOfPodb9QToyq41mviBh__R8HrIXqmhgotmmQgamry7IxszrAf_Tj4eBfzntlCs5jSZ93c8NdW7d8KU3TXlUbJ8CDCOiDPp5t9p1ctWOEdbRfJ4Stp79IScSA0.0awtEFjsBIlWTBR6fHEfzYmacfHIqFKL6nVPY0N34BnsnLZWQ2DpvWWeh_keA9fltcD7idoo1eW6iZtO91lfPXkVxajGHnynLCUAVrYviClfjAEXw9COQgg3Bi5UPhoP_3v2F8kgF0ux_rJAH4OB95GtR5YoHT8ACI2ed83IJIdMU8DfMTB61KbeMujR3yqh2pYoMXsySEZbxnZwpzJEBHn8sKNKd9fPeeVwIILytAPY87e.iY.PtNgfVpyASXSNm1BYaJWHrh0hL0kMZWejjRVmmCImfhuTTHOWGpuc.OZXyYaNmN8dPVZp7hqjV1uDo63dA3RmToChJnQyVZLFUzRbqzff_D8XhEPWc6L290yJAhUAnPN8mSegTjytxfreQqAzngCmyV0v361jGFZtSb5dzIYFqPaYkabi2pZ3q.Pl.SwPORtrVIlJ4Ap8SihMn68nCa76a1jABsrGw3l_xwy0ngYe3do0BabXagAH3paFVxfJN7LRSExGuBSoUJ1iWlBr7oYvdOOP9mM.iXS8j3GmPVxQZTd_Y0pCrcrEzaPPXfj2hRy2mBi6XlOoxuy99SX_03NOa_5pZOCOEM7RJizU3_mcWncrCHl9c99m9u0Cno6QlTb11L4fvaBCyNgLwuLxoSbq.qL.w4zF6dnFRNK87K.7PdY2O5gQ6N8EBA8Hkbpvl064Rci4BRtqVbRl2Eav3sDyTba4VL0qV_avnEYUAuYBT0WKYk4tycPMD5OsdCNZtJ7382E_m4KxpNtI2chYIRLycZI84qTvkZuVua8KCipyr3Z3xcrvEr6XrO14tVjPTublBK6AlBc2OyvaNu91Hez.DwqKkXVKwYc.lg9cszYz7WE9CxEJShGhVKOYzdd3cvAmRm5cAibBvkzbxNknAh3U07XBsaQszO.Ho_C.JhxfBAssgNlr1IEEDh2P4Jy_gFPsmznsomX6jL2FptPGLYhn0LHJjqjxh.o0Bnz0E5CGIzdXBZADMD12swec4tLKUH0U4aEFE7npSqInTCsDJPdvIdodNxFErugDm51Xm0ZZp9YWNoU88pHEqEoaY_pFwZRbXxtni76TXkw9oQtGpb5h4cOe5VgVePdYt57mdfFVb0L_jzjXaI_rnkTPNt6EFvUqv7JlG.5YEPTCOkDAPd0s2KLQgeXwkGbiayrHX2hdFLxR0MUVUn6PfjRjbzgb6a6_CEv2UuifARclQn5pC9k7jF0dY13ihxp8vrec1SL7p4RNX4hhUazQNbz0i9CjBudAiEHtcHK6P9zdz4fND2l0k1wdGz3mXDOgFHDqTWjudTKngT3Dq.edbX2OLFWIp7EQgmsN5a0qj5oesBaOKWM4y2ztPnIvHtPbFlikyln9pnyubtLWlnss5kFdlwnzbjePI1cdhbfnlDYWlzOAXa6x.70JIfMOtHau60d7a28imug"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92c3c8642d69fe1a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1137\/15M1035550?__cf_chl_rt_tk=SHHjHrWDTHdtC0Vn8qPTHnKnumr60K0f7uSv1zaBJ1E-1743968696-1.0.1.1-rBiavRqVQvf0CPrqCtGGtI2CYvNCIlKQAARpwtsECtk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>