CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Telegrafi - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"5f806e9d-96cf-4ee0-b3ee-27d19e9605e5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Telegrafi","wgTitle":"Telegrafi","wgCurRevisionId":5134902,"wgRevisionId":5134902,"wgArticleId":58577,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Telekomunikasi","Telegram"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Telegrafi","wgRelevantArticleId":58577,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir": "ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q721587","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg/800px-OptischerTelegraf.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg/640px-OptischerTelegraf.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Telegrafi - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Telegrafi rootpage-Telegrafi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Telegrafi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Telegrafi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Telegrafi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Telegrafi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Telegrafi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 76 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="إبراق – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إبراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF" title="টেলিগ্রাফি – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেলিগ্রাফি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-p%C3%B2" title="Tiān-pò – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-pò" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafija" title="Telegrafija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Telegrafija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangaram" title="Tangaram – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tangaram" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraafside" title="Telegraafside – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Telegraafside" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τηλεγραφία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τηλεγραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Telegraphy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafio" title="Telegrafio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Telegrafio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="تلگراف – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلگراف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9graphie" title="Télégraphie – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télégraphie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teileagrafa%C3%ADocht" title="Teileagrafaíocht – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teileagrafaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealan-sp%C3%A8id" title="Dealan-spèid – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dealan-spèid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraf%C3%ADa" title="Telegrafía – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telegrafía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%B3%B4" title="전보 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전보" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Հեռագրական կապ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեռագրական կապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB" title="टेलीग्राफ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टेलीग्राफ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafija" title="Telegrafija – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Telegrafija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rits%C3%ADmi" title="Ritsími – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ritsími" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="טלגרפיה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტელეგრაფი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტელეგრაფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafu" title="Telegrafu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Telegrafu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphia" title="Telegraphia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Telegraphia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegr%C4%81fs" title="Telegrāfs – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Telegrāfs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafas" title="Telegrafas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Telegrafas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Телеграфија – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Телеграфија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD" title="കമ്പിത്തപാൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പിത്തപാൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტელეგრაფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტელეგრაფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="التلغراف – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التلغراف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကြေးနန်း – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြေးနန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="टेलेग्राफी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टेलेग्राफी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="電報 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電報" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafiya" title="Telegrafiya – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Telegrafiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%84%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="ټلګرافي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټلګرافي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafia" title="Telegrafia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Telegrafia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телеграфия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телеграфия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Telegrafie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Telegraphy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="تەلەگراف – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەلەگراف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Телеграфија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Телеграфија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Telegrafi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapiya" title="Telegrapiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Telegrapiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="தந்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="తంతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తంతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82" title="โทรเลข – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทรเลข" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_b%C3%A1o" title="Điện báo – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện báo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telgraf" title="Telgraf – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Telgraf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Телеграфний зв'язок – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Телеграфний зв'язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="ٹیلی گرافی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹیلی گرافی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapiya" title="Telegrapiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Telegrapiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" title="电报 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电报" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2" title="טעלעגראפיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעלעגראפיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B1" title="電報 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電報" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAlegraf" title="Têlegraf – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Têlegraf" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5" title="电报 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电报" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q721587#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Telegrafi" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Telegrafi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Telegrafi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Telegrafi" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Telegrafi" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&oldid=5134902" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Telegrafi&id=5134902&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTelegrafi"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTelegrafi"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Telegrafi"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Telegrafi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telegraphy" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q721587" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><small><div class="dablink" style="font-size:105%; font-weight:nobold"> <p><i>"Telegraf" dan "Telegram" beralih ke sini. Untuk kegunaan lain, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegraf_(nyahkekaburan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegraf (nyahkekaburan) (laman tidak wujud)">Telegraf (nyahkekaburan)</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(nyahkekaburan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegram (nyahkekaburan) (laman tidak wujud)">Telegram (nyahkekaburan)</a>.</i> </p> </div></small> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana ini mengenai telegrafi secara am.  Untuk telegraf elektrik, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegraf_elektrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegraf elektrik (laman tidak wujud)">telegraf elektrik</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:OptischerTelegraf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg/200px-OptischerTelegraf.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg/300px-OptischerTelegraf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/OptischerTelegraf.jpg/400px-OptischerTelegraf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Telegraf optik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Chappe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Chappe (laman tidak wujud)">Claude Chappe</a> di atas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litermont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litermont (laman tidak wujud)">Litermont</a> berhampiran dengan <a href="/wiki/Nalbach" title="Nalbach">Nalbach</a>, Jerman</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Telegrafi</b> (daripada perkataan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a>, <i><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/tele-" class="extiw" title="wikt:tele-">tele</a> (τηλε)</i> = jauh, dan <i><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/-graphy" class="extiw" title="wikt:-graphy">graphein</a> (γραφειν)</i> = tulis) ialah penghantaran jarak jauh pesanan bertulis tanpa sebarang pengangkutan fizikal huruf. <b>Radiotelegrafi</b> atau <b>Telegrafi wayarles</b> menghantar pesanan melalui <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>. Telegrafi merangkumi berbagai-bagai bentuk penghantaran <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> yang terkini, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Faks" title="Faks">faks</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-mel" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mel">e-mel</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_komputer" title="Rangkaian komputer">rangkaian komputer</a>. </p><p>"Telegraf"' ialah mesin untuk menghantar dan menerima pesanan jarak jauh, iaitu untuk telegrafi. Perkataan "telegraf" pada dirinya merujuk kepada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegraf_elektrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegraf elektrik (laman tidak wujud)">telegraf elektrik</a>. Telegrafi wayarles juga dikenali sebagai CW (singkatan untuk <i>continuous wave</i> dalam bahasa Inggeris, iaitu gelombang selanjar). Ia merupakan pembawa yang dimodulatkan oleh penguncian buka-tutup, bertentangan dengan teknik radio yang lebih awal yang menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemancar_sela_bunga_api&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemancar sela bunga api (laman tidak wujud)">sela bunga api</a>. </p><p>Pesanan telegraf yang dihantar oleh operator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegraf_elektrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegraf elektrik (laman tidak wujud)">telegraf</a> dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Kod_Morse" title="Kod Morse">kod Morse</a> dikenali sebagai <b>telegram</b> atau <b>kabelgram</b>, seringnya disingkatkan menjadi pesanan <i>kabel</i> atau <i>wayar</i>. Telegram yang dihantar oleh rangkaian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesin_teletaip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesin teletaip (laman tidak wujud)">teleks</a>, iaitu rangkaian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesin_teletaip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesin teletaip (laman tidak wujud)">mesin teletaip</a> bersuis yang serupa dengan rangkaian telefon, dikenali sebagai pesanan <b>teleks</b>. </p><p>Sebelum perkhidmatan telefon jarak jauh boleh didapati dengan mudah dan pada harga yang murah, perkhidmatan telegram amat popular. Telegram seringnya digunakan untuk mengesahkan urusan perniagaan dan berbeza dengan e-mel, ia biasanya digunakan untuk mencipta dokumen urus niaga yang sah di sisi undang-undang. </p><p><b>Gambar wayar</b> atau <b>foto wayar</b> merupakan gambar akhbar yang dihantar dari lokasi jauh melalui <a href="/wiki/Faks" title="Faks">telegraf faksimile</a>. </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telekomunikasi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Telekomunikasi" title="Templat:Telekomunikasi"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Telekomunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Telekomunikasi (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Telekomunikasi&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telekomunikasi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telekomunikasi" title="Telekomunikasi">Telekomunikasi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_komunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah komunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Sejarah</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Telecom-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simbol telekomunikasi"><img alt="Simbol telekomunikasi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/50px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/75px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/100px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Simbol telekomunikasi</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beacon (laman tidak wujud)">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_penyiaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah penyiaran (laman tidak wujud)">Penyiaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_komunikasi#Sejarah" title="Satelit komunikasi">Satelit komunikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_komputer#Sejarah" title="Rangkaian komputer">Rangkaian komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gendang_dalam_komunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gendang dalam komunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Gendang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegraf_elektrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegraf elektrik (laman tidak wujud)">Telegraf elektrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faks#Sejarah" title="Faks">Faks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliograf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliograf (laman tidak wujud)">Heliograf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegraf_hidraulik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegraf hidraulik (laman tidak wujud)">Telegraf hidraulik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Internet" title="Sejarah Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_massa#Sejarah" title="Media massa">Media massa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_telefon_mudah_alih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah telefon mudah alih (laman tidak wujud)">Telefon mudah alih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komunikasi_optik" title="Komunikasi optik">Telekomunikasi optikal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talian_semafor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talian semafor (laman tidak wujud)">Telegraf optikal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotofon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotofon (laman tidak wujud)">Fotofon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_telefon_bimbit_prabayar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah telefon bimbit prabayar (laman tidak wujud)">Telefon bimbit prabayar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah radio (laman tidak wujud)">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelefon" title="Radiotelefon">Radiotelefon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_komunikasi" title="Satelit komunikasi">Satelit komunikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isyarat_asap" title="Isyarat asap">Isyarat asap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_telekomunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah telekomunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Sejarah telekomunikasi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Telegrafi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_telefon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah telefon (laman tidak wujud)">Telefon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Telephone_Cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Telephone Cases (laman tidak wujud)">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_televisyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah televisyen (laman tidak wujud)">Televisyen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_masa_teknologi_komunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis masa teknologi komunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Garis masa teknologi komunikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabel_komunikasi_bawah_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabel komunikasi bawah laut (laman tidak wujud)">Talian telegraf bawah laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidang_video#Sejarah" title="Sidang video">Persidangan video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefon_video#Sejarah_awal" title="Telefon video">Telefon video</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_videotelefoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah videotelefoni (laman tidak wujud)">Videotelefoni</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perintis</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Howard_Armstrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong (laman tidak wujud)">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Chappe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Chappe (laman tidak wujud)">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_de_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee de Forest (laman tidak wujud)">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reginald_Fessenden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reginald Fessenden (laman tidak wujud)">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisha Gray (laman tidak wujud)">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Innocenzo_Manzetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innocenzo Manzetti (laman tidak wujud)">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Meucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Meucci (laman tidak wujud)">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov (laman tidak wujud)">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Philipp_Reis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Philipp Reis (laman tidak wujud)">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camille_Papin_Tissot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camille Papin Tissot (laman tidak wujud)">Camille Papin Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Vail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Vail (laman tidak wujud)">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Wheatstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Wheatstone (laman tidak wujud)">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_K._Zworykin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin (laman tidak wujud)">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_penghantaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media penghantaran (laman tidak wujud)">Media<br />penghantaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabel_sepaksi" title="Kabel sepaksi">Kabel sepaksi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_optik_ruang_bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi optik ruang bebas (laman tidak wujud)">Optik ruang bebas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_berskala_nano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian berskala nano (laman tidak wujud)">Molekul (rangkaian berskala nano)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentian_optik" title="Gentian optik">Gentian optik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelombang_radio" title="Gelombang radio">Gelombang radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talian_telefon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talian telefon (laman tidak wujud)">Talian telefon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro#Komunikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelombang mikro">Gelombang mikro bumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi_rangkaian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topologi rangkaian (laman tidak wujud)">Topologi</a><br />dan pensuisan rangkaian</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_telekomunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan telekomunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Hubungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nod_(rangkaian)" title="Nod (rangkaian)">Nod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telekomunikasi)" title="Terminal (telekomunikasi)">Terminal nod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suis_rangkaian" title="Suis rangkaian">Suis rangkaian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pensuisan_litar" title="Pensuisan litar">litar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensuisan_paket" title="Pensuisan paket">paket</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertukaran_telefon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertukaran telefon (laman tidak wujud)">pertukaran telefon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pemultipleksan" title="Pemultipleksan">Pemultipleksan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MIMO_berbilang_pengguna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIMO berbilang pengguna (laman tidak wujud)">Pembahagian ruang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frekuensi_bahagian_pemultipleksan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frekuensi bahagian pemultipleksan (laman tidak wujud)">Pembahagian frekuensi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemultipleksan_pembahagian_masa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemultipleksan pembahagian masa (laman tidak wujud)">Pembahagian masa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemultipleksan_pembahagian_polarisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemultipleksan pembahagian polarisasi (laman tidak wujud)">Pembahagian polarisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_pemultipleksan_momentum_sudut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital pemultipleksan momentum sudut (laman tidak wujud)">Orbital momentum sudut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembahagian_kod_akses_pelbagai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembahagian kod akses pelbagai (laman tidak wujud)">Pembahagian kod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_telekomunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian telekomunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Rangkaian</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BITNET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BITNET (laman tidak wujud)">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_selular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian selular (laman tidak wujud)">Rangkaian selular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_komputer" title="Rangkaian komputer">Komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FidoNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FidoNet (laman tidak wujud)">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_Digital_Perkhidmatan_Bersepadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian Digital Perkhidmatan Bersepadu (laman tidak wujud)">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_kawasan_tempatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian kawasan tempatan (laman tidak wujud)">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telefoni_mudah_alih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telefoni mudah alih (laman tidak wujud)">Mudah alih</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_generasi_akan_datang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian generasi akan datang (laman tidak wujud)">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_telefon_awam_bersuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian telefon awam bersuis (laman tidak wujud)">Telefon Awam Bersuis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian radio (laman tidak wujud)">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peralatan_telekomunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peralatan telekomunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Peralatan telekomunikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_televisyen" title="Rangkaian televisyen">Televisyen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telex (laman tidak wujud)">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_kawasan_luas" title="Rangkaian kawasan luas">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_tanpa_wayar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian tanpa wayar (laman tidak wujud)">Tanpa wayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaringan_Sejagat" title="Jaringan Sejagat">Jaringan Sejagat</a> (WWW)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Telekomunikasi" title="Kategori:Telekomunikasi">Kategori</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Telekomunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Telekomunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&oldid=5134902">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&oldid=5134902</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Telekomunikasi" title="Kategori:Telekomunikasi">Telekomunikasi</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Telegram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Telegram (laman tidak wujud)">Telegram</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 01:40, 24 Jun 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telegrafi&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fp8vw","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.106","walltime":"0.237","ppvisitednodes":{"value":333,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":20527,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":381,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1433,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 94.755 1 -total"," 43.40% 41.123 1 Templat:Telekomunikasi"," 43.27% 40.999 1 Templat:Otheruses4"," 40.53% 38.400 1 Templat:Navbox"," 35.53% 33.669 1 Templat:Hatnote"," 13.10% 12.413 1 Templat:Redirect4"," 11.11% 10.529 1 Templat:Namespace_detect"," 10.70% 10.136 2 Templat:Icon"," 2.52% 2.386 1 Templat:Dablink"," 1.65% 1.565 1 Templat:Str_left"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.033","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":930907,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9s56p","timestamp":"20241123155955","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Telegrafi","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telegrafi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q721587","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q721587","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-04-24T11:48:00Z","dateModified":"2021-06-24T01:40:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/94\/OptischerTelegraf.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>