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leaves extracts</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: black tea leaves extracts"> <meta name="keywords" content="black tea leaves extracts"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="black tea leaves extracts"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2514</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: black tea leaves extracts</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2514</span> The Comparison of Chromium Ions Release Stainless Steel 18-8 between Artificial Saliva and Black Tea Leaves Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nety%20Trisnawaty">Nety Trisnawaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirna%20Febriani"> Mirna Febriani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of stainless steel wires in the field of dentistry is widely used, especially for orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment using stainless steel wire. The oral cavity is the ideal environment for corrosion, which can be caused by saliva. Prevention of corrosion on stainless steel wires can be done by using an organic or non-organic corrosion inhibitor. One of the organic inhibitors that can be used to prevent corrosion is black tea leaves extracts. To explain the comparison of chromium ions release for stainlees steel between artificial saliva and black tea leaves extracts. In this research we used artificial saliva, black tea leaves extracts, stainless steel wire and using Atomic Absorption Spectrophometric testing machine. The samples were soaked for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days in the artificial saliva and black tea leaves extracts. The results showed the difference of chromium ion release soaked in artificial saliva and black tea leaves extracts on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Statistically, calculation with independent T-test with p < 0,05 showed a significant difference. The longer the duration of days, the more ion chromium were released. The conclusion of this study shows that black tea leaves extracts can inhibit the corrosion rate of stainless steel wires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium%20ion" title="chromium ion">chromium ion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20saliva" title=" artificial saliva"> artificial saliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20tea%20leaves%20extracts" title=" black tea leaves extracts"> black tea leaves extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94605/the-comparison-of-chromium-ions-release-stainless-steel-18-8-between-artificial-saliva-and-black-tea-leaves-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2513</span> Antımıcrobıal Actıvıty of Gırardınıa Heterophılla</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20BEDI%2A">P. S. BEDI* </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neavty%20Thakur"> Neavty Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balv%C4%B1nder%20S%C4%B1ngh"> Balvınder Sıngh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study an attempt has been made to prepare the crude extracts of leaves and stem of ‘Girardinia heterophylla’ by using various solvents like petroleum ether, ethanol and double distilled water. The samples were given the code NGLS 1, NGLS 2, NGLS 3, NGSS 1, NGSS 2 and NGSS 3 respectively. All the extracts were used to study their antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria eg. Bacillus subtilis, Gram negative bacteria eg. E. coli, K. pneumonia and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The results of the antimicrobial activity showed that all the crude extracts of the plant posseses antibacterial activity. Maximum antibacterial activity was shown by NGLS 2, NGLS 3 and NGSS 3 against K. pneumonia. The growth of fungus A. niger was also inhibited by all the crude extracts. Maximum inhibition was shown by NGSS 2 followed by NGSS 1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girardinia%20heterophylla" title="Girardinia heterophylla">Girardinia heterophylla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaves%20and%20stem%20extracts" title=" leaves and stem extracts"> leaves and stem extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antibacterial%20activity" title=" Antibacterial activity"> Antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20activity." title=" antifungal activity."> antifungal activity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2494/antimicrobial-activity-of-girardinia-heterophilla" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2512</span> Antifeedant Activity of Methanol and Hexane Extracts of Datura Innoxia (Mill.) (Solanaceae) in the Management of Spodoptera Litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vagisha%20Rawal">Vagisha Rawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupam%20V.%20Sharma"> Anupam V. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarun%20Kumar%20Vats"> Tarun Kumar Vats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Kumar%20Singh"> Ashok Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The antifeedant activity of methanol and hexane extract of leaves and seeds of Datura innoxia (Mill.) (Solanaceae) was evaluated against the 5th instar Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in choice and no-choice leaf disc bioassays under laboratory conditions. These larvae when given a choice between the ‘control’ and ‘treated’ leaf discs in choice bioassays, consumed significantly (p ˂ 0.05) greater area of the ‘control’ leaf discs compared to those treated with the crude extracts of leaves and seeds of D. innoxia. The Antifeedant Index (AFI) for 5% concentration of the hexane extract of Datura seeds (DSHE) was 43.3% and 38.5% for methanol extract of Datura seeds (DSME). On the other hand, these values were 34.1% for the hexane extract of Datura leaves (DLHE), and 31.0% for the methanol extract of Datura leaves (DLME), respectively. In no-choice bioassays also, there was a significant (p˂0.05) reduction in the larval consumption of ‘treated’ leaf discs compared to the ‘control’ leaf discs. Maximum AFI was recorded at 5% concentration of the extracts of both the leaves and seeds with 47.7% for DSHE against 40.0% (DSME) and 39.4% for DLHE compared with 38.4% (DLME). Moreover, DSHE was found to have the maximum antifeedant effect irrespective of its concentration in comparison to the other crude extracts of leaves or seeds of D. innoxia. It is evident from these results that the crude methanol and hexane extracts of leaves and seeds of D. innoxia exhibited potent antifeedant activity against the 5th instar S. litura larvae. Also, the use of the bioactive compound(s) present in these extracts can prove to be an effective, eco-friendly, viable and sustainable component that can be integrated in IPM programs for the management of this economically important polyphagous insect pest in the Indian subcontinent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifeedant%20activity" title="antifeedant activity">antifeedant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifeedant%20index" title=" antifeedant index"> antifeedant index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=datura%20innoxia" title=" datura innoxia"> datura innoxia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spodoptera%20litura" title=" spodoptera litura"> spodoptera litura</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37846/antifeedant-activity-of-methanol-and-hexane-extracts-of-datura-innoxia-mill-solanaceae-in-the-management-of-spodoptera-litura-f-lepidoptera-noctuidae-larvae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2511</span> Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius Leaves Extracts against Some Selected Clinical Isolates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Usman%20Balan">Isa Usman Balan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Aliyu"> Umar Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Tijjani%20Muhammed"> Ahmad Tijjani Muhammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The laboratory scale experiment was conducted to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activities of epiphytic neem leaves (Tapinanthusdodoneifolius) extracts on some selected clinical isolates. The samples were collected using polythene bags to avoid unnecessary contamination of the plants, and they were collected from the old site garden of the BUK. The phytochemical screening and antibacterial test were carried out in the Chemistry and Biology laboratory, respectively at Bayero University Kano (BUK). The result obtained showed that carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, phenol, saponins and flavonoids are present in the ethanolic extract. However, chloroform extract showed only glycosides, phenols, and carbohydrates. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the ethanolic extracts and bacterial isolates (p<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20screening" title="phytochemical screening">phytochemical screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20isolates" title=" clinical isolates"> clinical isolates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epiphytic%20neem%20leaves" title=" epiphytic neem leaves"> epiphytic neem leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapinanthus%20dodoneifolius" title=" Tapinanthus dodoneifolius"> Tapinanthus dodoneifolius</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183330/phytochemical-screening-and-antibacterial-activities-of-tapinanthus-dodoneifolius-leaves-extracts-against-some-selected-clinical-isolates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2510</span> Fatty Acid Composition, Total Sugar Content and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Methanol and Water Extracts of Nine Different Fruit Tree Leaves Collected from Mediterranean Region of Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sengul%20Uysal">Sengul Uysal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Zengin"> Gokhan Zengin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahman%20Aktumsek"> Abdurrahman Aktumsek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukru%20Karatas"> Sukru Karatas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we determined the total sugar content, fatty acid compositions and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of methanolic and water extracts of nine different fruit tree leaves. α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity were determined by using Caraway-Somogyi–iodine/potassium iodide (IKI) and 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as substrate, respectively. Total sugar content of the nine different fruit tree leaves varies from 281.02 mg GE/g (glucose equivalents) to 643.96 mg GE/g. Methanolic extract from avocado leaves had the strongest in α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, 69.21% and 96.26 %, respectively. Fatty acid composition of nine fruit tree leaves was characterized by GC (gas chromatography) and twenty-four components were identified. Among the tested fruit tree leaves, the main component was linolenic acid (49.09%). The level of essential fatty acids are over 50% in mulberry, grape and loquat leaves. PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were major group of fatty acids present in oils of mulberry, fig, pomegranate, grape, and loquat leaves. Therefore, these oils can be considered as a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, avocado can be regarded as a new source for diabetic therapies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid%20compositions" title="fatty acid compositions">fatty acid compositions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20sugar%20contents" title=" total sugar contents"> total sugar contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-amylase" title=" α-amylase"> α-amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title=" α-glucosidase"> α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20tree%20leaves" title=" fruit tree leaves"> fruit tree leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19405/fatty-acid-composition-total-sugar-content-and-anti-diabetic-activity-of-methanol-and-water-extracts-of-nine-different-fruit-tree-leaves-collected-from-mediterranean-region-of-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2509</span> Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa Leaves against Women’s Cancer Cell Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patsorn%20Worawattananutai">Patsorn Worawattananutai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srisopa%20Ruangnoo"> Srisopa Ruangnoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunporn%20Itharat"> Arunporn Itharat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) leaves are vegetables which are extensively used as blood tonic and laxatives in Thai traditional medicine. They are popularly used as healthy sour soup for prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer. Therefore, the cytotoxic activity of different extracts of fresh and dried Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves were investigated via the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against three types of women’s cancer cell lines, namely the human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa), the human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line (SKOV-3), and the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Extraction methods were squeezing, boiling with water and maceration with 95% or 50% ethanol. The 95% ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa dry leaves (HSDE95) showed the highest cytotoxicity against all types of women’s cancer cell lines with the IC50 values in range 7.51±0.33 to 12.13±1.85 µg/ml. Its IC50 values against SKOV-3, HeLa and MCF-7 were 7.51±0.33, 9.44±1.41 and 12.13±1.85 µg/ml, respectively. In these results, this extract can be classified as “active” according to the NCI guideline which indicated that IC50 values of the active cytotoxic plant extracts have to be beneath 20 µg/ml. Thus, HSDE95 was concluded to be a potent cytotoxic drug for all women’s cancer cells. This extract should be further investigated to isolate active compounds against women’s cancer cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20adenocarcinoma" title="breast adenocarcinoma">breast adenocarcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20adenocarcinoma" title=" cervical adenocarcinoma"> cervical adenocarcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxic%20activity" title=" cytotoxic activity"> cytotoxic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hibiscus%20sabdariffa" title=" Hibiscus sabdariffa"> Hibiscus sabdariffa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20adenocarcinoma" title=" ovarian adenocarcinoma"> ovarian adenocarcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25269/cytotoxic-activity-of-extracts-from-hibiscus-sabdariffa-leaves-against-womens-cancer-cell-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2508</span> Climate Impact on Spider Mite (Tetranychus Sp. Koch) Infesting Som Plant Leaves (Machilus Bombycina King) and Their Sustainable Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar%20Ghosh">Sunil Kumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Som plant (Machilus bombycina King) is an important plant in agroforestry system. It is cultivated in north -east part of India. It is cultivated in agricultural land by the marginal farmers for multi-storeyed cultivation with intercropping. Localized cottage industries are involved with this plant like sericulture industry (muga silk worm cultivation). Clothes are produced from this sericulture industry. Leaves of som plants are major food of muga silk worm ( Antherea assama ). Nutritional value of leaves plays an important role in the larval growth and silk productivity. The plant also has timber value. The plant is susceptible to mite pest (Tetranychus sp.) causes heavy damage to tender leaves. Lower population was recorded during 7th to 38th standard week, during 3rd week of February to 4th week of September and higher population was during 46th to 51st standard week, during 3rd week of November to 3rd week of December and peak population (6.06/3 leaves) was recorded on 46th standard week that is on 3rd week of November. Correlation studies revealed that mite population had a significant negative correlation with temperature and non-significant positive correlation with relative humidity. This indicates that activity of mites population increase with the rise of relative humidity and decrease with the rise of temperature. Tobacco leaf extracts was found most effective against mite providing 40.51% suppression, closely followed by extracts of Spilanthes (39.06% suppression). Extracts of Garlic and extracts of Polygonum plant gave moderate results, recording about 38.10% and 37.78% mite suppression respectively. The polygonum (Polygonum hydropiper) plant (floral parts), pongamia (Pongamia pinnata) leaves, garlic (Allium sativum), spilanthes (Spilanthes paniculata) (floral parts) were extracted in methanol. Synthetic insecticides contaminate plant leaves with the toxic chemicals. Plant extracts are of biological origin having low or no hazardous effect on health and environment and so can be incorporated in organic cultivation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiotic%20factors" title="Abiotic factors">Abiotic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidence" title=" incidence"> incidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botanical%20extracts" title=" botanical extracts"> botanical extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20cultivation" title=" organic cultivation"> organic cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20industry" title=" silk industry"> silk industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122168/climate-impact-on-spider-mite-tetranychus-sp-koch-infesting-som-plant-leaves-machilus-bombycina-king-and-their-sustainable-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2507</span> The Cell Viability Study of Extracts of Bark, Flowers, Leaves and Seeds of Indian Dhak Tree, Flame of Forest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhavi%20S.%20Apte">Madhavi S. Apte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milind%20Bhitre"> Milind Bhitre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In pharmaceutical research and new drug development, medicinal plants have important roles. Similarly, Indian dhak tree belonging to family Fabaceae has been widely used in the traditional Indian medical system of ‘Ayurveda’ for the treatment of a variety of ailments. Hence the cell viability study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the activity of extracts of various parts like flower, bark, leaf, seed by conducting MTT assay method along with other pharmacognostical studies. The methanolic extracts of bark, flowers, leaves, and seeds were used for the study. The cell viability MTT assay was performed using the standard operating procedures. The extracts were dissolved in DMSO and serially diluted with complete medium to get the concentrations range of test concentration. DMSO concentration was kept < 0.1% in all the samples. HUVEC cells maintained in appropriate conditions were seeded in 96 well plates and treated with different concentrations of the test samples and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO₂ for 96 hours. MTT reagent was added to the wells and incubated for 4 hours; the dark blue formazan product formed by the cells was dissolved in DMSO under a safety cabinet and read at 550nm. Percentage inhibitions were calculated and plotted with the concentrations used to calculate the IC50 values. The bark, flower, leaves and seed extracts have shown the cytotoxicity activity and can be further studied for antiangiogenesis activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacognosy" title="pharmacognosy">pharmacognosy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cell%20viability" title=" Cell viability"> Cell viability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTT%20assay" title=" MTT assay"> MTT assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-angiogenesis" title=" anti-angiogenesis "> anti-angiogenesis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85741/the-cell-viability-study-of-extracts-of-bark-flowers-leaves-and-seeds-of-indian-dhak-tree-flame-of-forest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2506</span> Spin One Hawking Radiation from Dirty Black Holes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petarpa%20Boonserm">Petarpa Boonserm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tritos%20Ngampitipan"> Tritos Ngampitipan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20Visser"> Matt Visser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 'clean' black hole is a black hole in vacuum such as the Schwarzschild black hole. However in real physical systems, there are matter fields around a black hole. Such a black hole is called a 'dirty black hole'. In this paper, The effect of matter fields on the black hole and the greybody factor is investigated. The results show that matter fields make a black hole smaller. They can increase the potential energy to a black hole to obstruct Hawking radiation to propagate. This causes the greybody factor of a dirty black hole to be less than that of a clean black hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dirty%20black%20hole" title="dirty black hole">dirty black hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greybody%20factor" title=" greybody factor"> greybody factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hawking%20radiation" title=" hawking radiation"> hawking radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matter%20fields." title=" matter fields."> matter fields.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1553/spin-one-hawking-radiation-from-dirty-black-holes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2505</span> In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Against Biofilm-Forming Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesleem%20Adewale%20Ibrahim">Tesleem Adewale Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been slowly rising in Nigeria for the past few decades. Therefore, novel classes of antibiotics are indispensable to combat the increased incidence of newly emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria like MRSA. Plants have been commonly used in popular medicine of most cultures for the treatment of disease. The in vitro antibacterial activity of some Nigerian common medicinal plants used in traditional medicine has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm of these native plants (Entada abysinnica (leaves), Croton macrostachyus (leaves), Bridelia speciosa (seeds, bark), and Aframomum melegueta (leaves, seeds, and stem) collected in Southwestern Nigeria against a panel of seven biofilm-forming MRSA. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the plant extracts against MRSA were determined by the broth dilution method, and the anti-biofilm assay of the most potent plant extract was performed. Result: The results revealed that, of the four plants, water extracts of leaves of Entada abysinnica, leaves of Croton macrostachyus, seeds and bark Bridelia speciosa, and seeds of Aframomum melegueta exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Based on the MIC/MBC ratio, the extracts of these plants were determined to be bacteriostatic in nature. Anti-biofilm assay showed that the extract of seeds of Aframomum melegueta and leaves of Croton macrostachyus fairly inhibited the growth of MRSA in the preformed biofilm matrix. Conclusion: These four medicinal plant species may represent a source of alternative drugs derived from plant extracts based on folklore use and ethnobotanical knowledge from southwest Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title="extract">extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRSA" title=" MRSA"> MRSA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title=" biofilm"> biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title=" medicinal plants"> medicinal plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155331/in-vitro-antibacterial-activity-of-some-medicinal-plants-against-biofilm-forming-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2504</span> Evaluation of Chromium Fortified - Parboiled Rice Coated with Herbal Extracts: Cooking Quality and Sensory Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wisnu%20Adi%20Yulianto">Wisnu Adi Yulianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Slamet"> Agus Slamet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Luwihana"> Sri Luwihana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Septian%20Albar%20Dwi%20Suprayogi"> Septian Albar Dwi Suprayogi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parboiled rice was developed to produce rice, which has a low glycemic index for diabetics. However, diabetics also have a chromium (Cr) deficiency. Thus, it is important to fortify rice with Cr to increase the Cr content. Moreover, parboiled rice becomes rancid easily and has a musty odor, rendering the rice unfavorable. Natural herbs such as pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.), bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum [Wigh] Walp) and cinnamon bark powder (Cinnamomon cassia) are commonly added to food as aroma enhancers. Previous research has shown that these herbs could improve insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbal extract coatings on the cooking quality and the preference level of chromium fortified - parboiled rice (CFPR). The rice grain variety used for this experiment was Ciherang and the fortificant was CrCl3. The three herbal extracts used for coating the CFPR were cinnamon, pandan and bay leaf, with concentration variations of 3%, 6%, and 9% (w/w) for each of the extracts. The samples were analyzed for their alkali spreading value, cooking time, elongation, water uptake ratio, solid loss, colour and lightness; and their sensory properties were determined by means of an organoleptic test. The research showed that coating the CFPR with pandan and cinnamon extracts at a concentration of 3% each produced a preferred CFPR. When coated with those herbal extracts the CFPR had the following cooking quality properties: alkali spreading value 5 (intermediate gelatinization temperature), cooking time, 26-27 min, color value, 14.95-15.00, lightness, 42.30 – 44.06, elongation, 1.53 – 1.54, water uptake ratio , 4.05-4.06, and solid loss, 0.09/100 g – 0.13 g/100 g. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bay%20leaves" title="bay leaves">bay leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title=" chromium"> chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cinnamon" title=" cinnamon"> cinnamon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandan%20leaves" title=" pandan leaves"> pandan leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parboiled%20rice" title=" parboiled rice"> parboiled rice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35633/evaluation-of-chromium-fortified-parboiled-rice-coated-with-herbal-extracts-cooking-quality-and-sensory-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2503</span> Antimicrobial Effects and Phytochemical Analysis of Chrysophyllum Albidum Plant Parts (Leaves, Roots and Seeds) Extracts on Bacterial Isolates from Urinary Catheters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebere%20Christian%20Ugochukwu">Ebere Christian Ugochukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okafor%20Josephine"> Okafor Josephine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyawoye%20Tomisin"> Oyawoye Tomisin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The occurrence of multidrug resistance patterns that have been developed by bacteria has made it difficult to properly treat infections using standard clinical medications. Hence, the use of herbs as an alternative source of therapy is considered cheap and easily accessible to locals. This research explored the antimicrobial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from Chrysophyllum albidum (commonly called ‘Agbalumo’ in southwest Nigeria and ‘Udara’ in the eastern and southern parts of Nigeria) plant parts (leaves, roots and seeds) against bacteria isolated from urinary catheter tips. The following isolates were obtained; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella aerogenes. The agar well diffusion method was used. The average percentages of antimicrobial resistance of the isolates to gentamycin were 45.5% for P. aeruginosa, 42.1% for E. coli, 46.9% for K. aerogenes, and ˃90% for other isolates. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant parts extracts was done using chemical test for the screening and identification of bioactive chemical constituents. The ethanolic extract mixtures (leaf, root and seed) had the greatest effect on all the isolates, with inhibition zones (IZs) ranging from 8-26 mm and MICs ranging from <16-32 mg/ml. The Potencies of the C. albidum extracts based on the IZ and MIC values were greater in the extract mixtures, followed by those in the roots. Phytochemical screening revealed that all the extracts contained phenol except for the seeds while tannins were present in all the extracts except the leaves. The activity of the ethanolic extracts of each part at high and low concentrations was greater than that of the aqueous extracts at the same concentrations (p<0.05). The acute toxicity results showed that the LD50 of the extracts was ˃5000 mg/body weight, indicating no toxicity. The antibacterial activities of the extract mixtures and roots on the isolates confirmed the use of C. albidum in folk medicine for the treatment of CAUTIs, hence indicating its antibacterial potential for use in novel antibiotic production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobials" title="antimicrobials">antimicrobials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptibility" title=" susceptibility"> susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20inhibitory%20concentration" title=" minimum inhibitory concentration"> minimum inhibitory concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracts" title=" extracts"> extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189605/antimicrobial-effects-and-phytochemical-analysis-of-chrysophyllum-albidum-plant-parts-leaves-roots-and-seeds-extracts-on-bacterial-isolates-from-urinary-catheters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2502</span> Phenolic Rich Dry Extracts and Their Antioxidant Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Raudonis">R. Raudonis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Raudon%C4%97"> L. Raudonė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Janulis"> V. Janulis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Vi%C5%A1kelis"> P. Viškelis </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pharmacological and clinical studies demonstrated that phenolic compounds particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids are responsible for a wide spectrum of therapeutic activities. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are regarded as natural antioxidants that play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Qualitatively prepared dry extracts possess high stability and concentration of bio active compounds, facility of standardization and quality control. The aim of this work was to determine the phenolic and antioxidant profiles of Hippophaë rhamnoides L., Betula pendula Roth., Tilia cordata Mill., Sorbus aucuparia L. leaves dry extracts and to identify markers of antioxidant activity. Extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with FRAP post-column assay. Dry extracts are versatile forms possessing wide area of applications, final product ensure consistent phytochemical and functional properties. Seven ﬂavonoids: rutin, hyperoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin were identiﬁed in dry extract of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. leaves. Predominant compounds were ﬂavonol glycosides which were chosen as markers for quantitative control of dry extracts. Chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin, isorhamnetin were prevailing compounds in Betula pendula Roth. leaves extract, whereas strongest ferric reducing activity was determined for chlorogenic acid and hyperoside. Notable amounts of protocatechuic acid and flavonol glycosides, rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin were identified in the chromatographic profile of Tilia cordata Mill. Neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids were significantly dominant compounds in antioxidant profile in dry extract of Sorbus aucuparia L. leaves. Predominant compounds of antioxidant profiles could be proposed as functional markers of quality of phenolic rich raw materials. Dry extracts could be further used for manufacturing of pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20extract" title="dry extract">dry extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRAP" title=" FRAP"> FRAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic" title=" phenolic"> phenolic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15510/phenolic-rich-dry-extracts-and-their-antioxidant-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2501</span> Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesis Silver Nanoparticles from Moringa Oleifera</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Fadhel%20Ahmed">Ali Fadhel Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuqa%20Abdulkareem%20Hameed"> Tuqa Abdulkareem Hameed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moringa oleifera (leaves and seeds) ethanolic and aqueous extracts were tested for antibacterial activity. The effect of plant extracts on three types of bacterial species: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was investigated. Using the agar well diffusion method, ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect on the forty tested bacterial strains. Seed-induced inhibition zones (ethanolic extracts)were ranged from16 to 24 mm in diameter against S. aureus, respectively, whileE. coli and K. pneumonia had no effect. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were not affected by alcoholic and aqueous plant leaf extracts. The purpose of this present study was to look at the cytotoxic effects of M.Oleifera plant (alcoholic extracts). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moringa%20oleifera" title="moringa oleifera">moringa oleifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=escherichia%20coli" title=" escherichia coli"> escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=klebsiella%20pneumoniae" title=" klebsiella pneumoniae"> klebsiella pneumoniae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staphylococcus%20aureus" title=" staphylococcus aureus"> staphylococcus aureus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142190/antibacterial-activity-of-green-synthesis-silver-nanoparticles-from-moringa-oleifera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2500</span> Media Manipulations and the Culture of Beneficial Endophytic Fungi in the Leaves and Stem Bark of Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akwu%20A.%20Nneka">Akwu A. Nneka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naidoo"> Naidoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yougasphree"> Yougasphree</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significantly high number of microbes exist in higher plants; these microbes include bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. There are reports on the benefits of endophytic fungi and their products of metabolism to the host plant and man, consequently, it is expedient to explore the changes that could arise as a result of manipulating their growth media. Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv. (Malvaceae) is an indigenous Southern African plant, that belongs to a genus with known medicinal properties. Three media were used to culture the endophytic fungi viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA), and Bacteriological Agar (BA) were used singly, and supplemented with three dilutions of the leaves and stem bark extracts. The manipulated growth media composition had a significant effect on the diversity of the isolated fungal populations. Several endophytic fungi were isolated; their distribution and diversity revealed a significant relatedness with the manipulated media. The media supplemented with the plant extracts was observed to give a significant increase in the growth rate and yield of the endophytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the endophytic fungi present in the leaves and stem bark of G. lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grewia%20lasiocarpa" title="Grewia lasiocarpa">Grewia lasiocarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-based%20extracts" title=" plant-based extracts"> plant-based extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malvaceae" title=" Malvaceae"> Malvaceae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123827/media-manipulations-and-the-culture-of-beneficial-endophytic-fungi-in-the-leaves-and-stem-bark-of-grewia-lasiocarpa-e-mey-ex-harv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2499</span> Activity Anti-Motility Exstract Kedondong Leaf in Balb/C Strain Male Mice Invivo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdul%20Latif">Muhammad Abdul Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edijanti%20Goenarwo"> Edijanti Goenarwo </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intan%20Rahmania%20Eka"> Intan Rahmania Eka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many countries, as well as responsible for the deaths of millions of people each year. Previous research showed that the leaves, bark, and root bark of kedondong contains saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Tannins have anti-diarrheal effects that work as the freeze of protein / astrigen, and may inhibit the secretion of chloride over the tannate bonding between protein in the intestines. Chemical compounds of flavonoids also have an effect as anti-diarrheal block receptors Cl ˉ in intestinal thus reducing the secretion of Cl ˉ to the intestinal lume. This research aims to know the anti-diarrheal activity of extracts kedondong leaf in mice Balb/C strain males in vivo. This research also proves kedondong leaves as an anti-diarrhea through trial efficacy of kedondong leaves as antisekretori and antimotilitas. This research using post-test only controlled group design. Analysis of statistical data normality and homogenity were tested by Kolmogorov Smirnov. If the data obtained homogenous then using ANOVA test. This research using ethanolic extracts kedondong leaf 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg BW to prove there is anti-motility became five treatment groups. The result showed dose of ethanolic extracts kedondong leaf 800 mg/kg BW have significant value (p < 0.005). The conclusion from this extracts kedondong leaf research 800 mg/kg BW have pharmacological effects as antimotility on Balb/C strain male mice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-diarrhea" title="anti-diarrhea">anti-diarrhea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-motility" title=" anti-motility"> anti-motility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=castrol%20oil" title=" castrol oil"> castrol oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kedondong%20leaf" title=" kedondong leaf"> kedondong leaf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33420/activity-anti-motility-exstract-kedondong-leaf-in-balbc-strain-male-mice-invivo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2498</span> The Comparison of pH Saliva before and after Brushing Teeth Using Tooth Paste Containing Betel Leaf Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ika%20Anisyah">Ika Anisyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nety%20Trisnawaty"> Nety Trisnawaty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mechanical brushing can help control plaque and is the first step to control dental caries. The type of toothpaste used is one of the contributing factors in it since the benefits of toothpaste are to reduce plaque formation and strengthen the teeth against dental caries, clean and polish tooth surfaces, eliminate or reduce bad breath, give a fresh taste to the mouth and maintain gingival health. Betel leaf toothpaste has the ability to inhibit the Streptococcus mutans bacteria that can cause the increase of pH saliva. Betel leaf extracts can increase the pH saliva because betel leaf has an anti bacterial characteristic against Streptococcus mutans so that pH saliva increases. This study aims to see the difference between pH saliva before and after brushing teeth with toothpaste containing betel leaf extracts. This type of research is pre-experimental using One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This study was conducted on 32 subjects taken randomly from the representatives of students aged 11-12 years old in SD Pesanggrahan 03. The result of statistic test using non parametric test showed a value of 0.000. The resulted value being smaller than 0.05 (p < 0.05) means there is a significant salivary pH difference before and after teeth brushing using toothpaste containing betel leaf. The conclusion of this study showed an increase in salivary pH after teeth brushing with toothpaste containing betel leaves extracts in children aged 11-12 years old. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20saliva" title="pH saliva">pH saliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushing%20teeth" title=" brushing teeth"> brushing teeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth%20paste" title=" tooth paste"> tooth paste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=betel%20leaves%20extracts" title=" betel leaves extracts"> betel leaves extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87155/the-comparison-of-ph-saliva-before-and-after-brushing-teeth-using-tooth-paste-containing-betel-leaf-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2497</span> Phytochemical Evaluation and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Moroccan Lavandula x Intermedia Leaves and Flowers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamila%20Fliou">Jamila Fliou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federica%20Spinola"> Federica Spinola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouassima%20Riffi"> Ouassima Riffi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Zriouel"> Asmaa Zriouel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Amechrouq"> Ali Amechrouq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Nalbone"> Luca Nalbone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Giuffrida"> Alessandro Giuffrida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filippo%20Giarratana"> Filippo Giarratana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study performed a preliminary evaluation of the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Lavandula x intermedia leaves and flowers collected in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. Phytochemical analyses comprised qualitative colourimetric determinations of alkaloids, anthraquinones, and terpenes and quantitative analysis of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins by UV spectrophotometer. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against different ATCC bacterial strains. The phytochemical analysis showed a high amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the leaf extract and a higher amount of terpenes based on colourimetric reaction than the flower extract. A positive colourimetric reaction for alkaloids and anthraquinones was detected for both extracts. The antibacterial activity of leaves and flower extract was not different against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest the possible use of ethanolic extracts of L. x intermedia collected in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco as a natural agent against bacterial pathogens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title="antimicrobial activity">antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lavandula%20spp." title=" Lavandula spp."> Lavandula spp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lavender" title=" lavender"> lavender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lavandin" title=" lavandin"> lavandin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20spectrophotometric%20analysis" title=" UV spectrophotometric analysis"> UV spectrophotometric analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176476/phytochemical-evaluation-and-in-vitro-antibacterial-activity-of-ethanolic-extracts-of-moroccan-lavandula-x-intermedia-leaves-and-flowers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2496</span> Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Inhibits Fe2+ and Sodium Nitroprusside Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwafemi%20Ojo">Oluwafemi Ojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omotade%20Oloyede"> Omotade Oloyede </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study seeks to investigate the antioxidative properties and the ability of aqueous, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts from Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaves to inhibit some pro-oxidants (Fe2+ and sodium nitroprusside) induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s liver homogenates in vitro. The ability of the extracts to inhibit 25 µM FeSO4 and 7.0 µM sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in isolated rat’s liver was determined. The results of the study revealed that both pro-oxidants caused a significantly decrease in (p < 0.05) accumulation of lipid peroxides. However, aqueous extract of OG shows a high ability to inhibit lipid production in the liver induced with SNP than Fe2+. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract of OG which shows a high ability to inhibit lipid production more when induced with Fe2+ than SNP. However, ethyl acetate fraction of OG shows a higher inhibitory effect on both Fe2+ and SNP induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s liver. This applies to its significantly higher extractable phytochemicals. Therefore, Fe II and sodium nitroprusside induced oxidative stress could be managed by dietary intake of Ocimum gratissimum leaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidative" title="antioxidative">antioxidative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pro-oxidants" title=" pro-oxidants"> pro-oxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ocimum%20gratissimum" title=" Ocimum gratissimum "> Ocimum gratissimum </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23636/extracts-of-ocimum-gratissimum-leaves-inhibits-fe2-and-sodium-nitroprusside-induced-oxidative-stress-in-rat-liver" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2495</span> Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Isolated from Prunus persica L. Leaves </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Fellah">K. Fellah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Benmehdi"> H. Benmehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amrouche"> A. Amrouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Malainine"> H. Malainine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Memmou"> F. Memmou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Dalile"> H. Dalile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Siata"> W. Siata </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant of flavonoids extracted from the leaves of Prunus persica L. A phytochemical screening allowed us to highlight the different phytochemicals present in the leaves of the studied plant. The selective extraction of flavonoids gave yields of 0.71, 1.5, and 4.8% for the fractions ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n- butanol, respectively. The reading of the antioxidant activity of different extracts of flavonoids by HPLTC method revealed positive reaction (yellow spots) on the TLC plates sprayed with DPPH. Using the DPPH method, the fractions of flavonoids (bunanol, ethyl acetate and Diethyl ether) showed a potent scavenging activity with IC50 = 0.22; 0.27 and 0.76 mg / ml, respectively. Furthermore, our findings revealed the extracts under study exhibited higher reducing potential which depends upon extract concentration. These results obtained from this investigation confirm that the Prunus persica remains a major resource of bioactive molecules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prunus%20persica%20L." title="Prunus persica L.">Prunus persica L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20study" title=" phytochemical study"> phytochemical study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLC%20bioautographic" title=" TLC bioautographic"> TLC bioautographic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRAP" title=" FRAP"> FRAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPH" title=" DPPH"> DPPH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13223/phytochemical-study-and-evaluation-of-the-antioxidant-activity-of-flavonoids-isolated-from-prunus-persica-l-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2494</span> In vitro Study of Inflammatory Gene Expression Suppression of Strawberry and Blackberry Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franco%20Van%20De%20Velde">Franco Van De Velde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debora%20Esposito"> Debora Esposito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20E.%20Pirovani"> Maria E. Pirovani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20A.%20Lila"> Mary A. Lila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physiology of various inflammatory diseases is a complex process mediated by inflammatory and immune cells such as macrophages and monocytes. Chronic inflammation, as observed in many cardiovascular and autoimmune disorders, occurs when the low-grade inflammatory response fails to resolve with time. Because of the complexity of the chronic inflammatory disease, major efforts have focused on identifying novel anti-inflammatory agents and dietary regimes that prevent the pro-inflammatory process at the early stage of gene expression of key pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The ability of the extracts of three blackberry cultivars (‘Jumbo’, ‘Black Satin’ and ‘Dirksen’), and one strawberry cultivar (‘Camarosa’) to inhibit four well-known genetic biomarkers of inflammation: inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxynase-2 (Cox-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophage model were investigated. Moreover, the effect of latter extracts on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production was assessed. Assay was conducted with 50 µg/mL crude extract concentration, an amount that is easily achievable in the gastrointestinal tract after berries consumption. The mRNA expression levels of Cox-2 and IL-6 were reduced consistently (more than 30%) by extracts of ‘Jumbo’ and ‘Black Satin’ blackberries. Strawberry extracts showed high reduction in mRNA expression levels of IL-6 (more than 65%) and exhibited moderate reduction in mRNA expression of Cox-2 (more than 35%). The latter behavior mirrors the intracellular ROS production of the LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages after the treatment with blackberry ‘Black Satin’ and ‘Jumbo’, and strawberry ‘Camarosa’ extracts, suggesting that phytochemicals from these fruits may play a role in the health maintenance by reducing oxidative stress. On the other hand, effective inhibition in the gene expression of IL-1β and iNOS was not observed by any of blackberry and strawberry extracts. However, suppression in the NO production in the activated macrophages among 5–25% was observed by ‘Jumbo’ and ‘Black Satin’ blackberry extracts and ‘Camarosa’ strawberry extracts, suggesting a higher NO suppression property by phytochemicals of these fruits. All these results suggest the potential beneficial effects of studied berries as functional foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. Moreover, the underlying role of phytochemicals from these fruits in the protection of inflammatory process will deserve to be further explored. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclooxygenase-2" title="cyclooxygenase-2">cyclooxygenase-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20foods" title=" functional foods"> functional foods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin-6" title=" interleukin-6"> interleukin-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20oxygen%20species" title=" reactive oxygen species"> reactive oxygen species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79138/in-vitro-study-of-inflammatory-gene-expression-suppression-of-strawberry-and-blackberry-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2493</span> Black Soybeans Show Acute and Chronic Liver Protective Functions against CCl4 Induced Liver Damage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Kuang%20Hsu">Cheng-Kuang Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Hsiang%20Chang"> Chih-Hsiang Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Chih%20Wang"> Chi-Chih Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Black soybeans contain high amount of antioxidants including polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavones. The protective function of black soybean against CCl4 (a strong oxidant) induced acute and chronic liver damage was investigated in vivo using SD rats or ICR mouse. The evaluation of CCl4 induced oxidative stress in the liver tissues included the measurements of the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase GPx), as well as the level of histological lesion in the liver tissues. For chronic experiment, a decoction at the concentration of 100 or 1000 mg/kg of body weight, produced by baking black soybean at 130°C for 5 min and followed by immerging in 100°C hot water for 20 min, showed the inhibitory effect against CCl4 induced liver damage in SD rats. Hot-water extract (80 °C for 30 min) from un-preheated black soybean at the concentration of 200 mg/kg of body weight could not reduce ALT and AST levels in CCl4 treated SD rats, but the hot-water extract from preheated black soybean did enhance antioxidant enzymes activities, decline ALT and AST levels. Specially, the hot-water extract from the seed cost of black soybean had the highest liver protective function since it can reduce vacuolization and necrosis in the liver tissues. For acute experiment, the hot-water extracts from black soybean and the seed coat, as well as pure cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) could reduce ALT and AST levels of CCl4 induced ICR mouse. The decoction and hot-water extract from the seed coat of black soybean had higher total polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavones contents than those extracts from whole black soybean. Such results agreed with high liver protective function in the decoction and hot-water from the seed coat of black soybean. Black soybean showed protective function only after preheating process (baking at 130°C for 5 to 10 min) because preheating treatment damaged the cell wall and made the extraction of the antioxidants more effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20soybean" title="black soybean">black soybean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20protective%20function" title=" liver protective function"> liver protective function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidative%20stress" title=" antioxidative stress"> antioxidative stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24686/black-soybeans-show-acute-and-chronic-liver-protective-functions-against-ccl4-induced-liver-damage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2492</span> Ultrasonic Extraction of Phenolics from Leaves of Shallots and Peels of Potatoes for Biofortification of Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lila%20Boulekbache-Makhlouf">Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatiha%20Brahmi"> Fatiha Brahmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out with the aim of enriching fresh cheese with the food by-products, which are the leaves of shallots and the peels of potatoes. Firstly, the conditions for extracting the total polyphenols using ultrasound are optimized. Then, the contents of total polyphenols PPT , flavonoids and antioxidant activity were evaluated for the extracts obtained by adopting the optimal parameter. On the other hand, we have carried out some physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyzes of the cheese produced. The maximum total polyphenols value of 70.44 mg GAE gallic acid equivalent / g of dry matter DM of shallot leaves was reached with 40% (v/v) ethanol, an extraction time of 90 min and a temperature of 10 °C. While, the maximum TPP total polyphenols content of potato peels of 45.03 ± 4.16 mg gallic acid equivalent / g of dry matter DM was obtained using an ethanol /water mixture (40%, v/v), a time of 30 min and a temperature of 60 °C and the flavonoid contents were 13.99 and 7.52 QE quercetin equivalent/g dry matter DM, respectively. From the antioxidant tests, we deduced that the potato peels present a higher antioxidant power with the concentration of extracts causing a 50% inhibition IC50s of 125.42 ± 2.78 μg/mL for 2,2-diphényl 1-picrylhydrazyle DPPH, of 87.21 ± 7.72 μg/mL for phosphomolybdate and 200.77 ± 13.38 μg/mL for iron chelation, compared with the results obtained for shallot leaves which were 204.29 ± 0.09, 45.85 ± 3,46 and 1004.10 ± 145.73 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the physicochemical analyzes have shown that the formulated cheese was compliant with standards. Microbiological analyzes show that the hygienic quality of the cheese produced was satisfactory. According to the sensory analysis, the experts liked the cheese enriched with the powder and pieces of the leaves of the shallots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallots%20leaves" title="shallots leaves">shallots leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato%20peels" title=" potato peels"> potato peels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20extraction" title=" ultrasound extraction"> ultrasound extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolics" title=" phenolics"> phenolics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cheese" title=" cheese"> cheese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160098/ultrasonic-extraction-of-phenolics-from-leaves-of-shallots-and-peels-of-potatoes-for-biofortification-of-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2491</span> Effects of Selected Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals on the Quality and Shelf-Life Stability of Frankfurter Type Sausages during Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazem%20Alirezalu">Kazem Alirezalu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Hesari"> Javad Hesari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zabihollah%20Nemati"> Zabihollah Nemati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukaga%20Farmani"> Boukaga Farmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of natural plant extracts which are rich in promising antioxidants and antimicrobial ingredients in the production of frankfurter-type sausages addresses consumer demands for healthier, more functional meat products. The effects of olive leaves, green tea and <em>Urtica dioica</em> L. extracts on physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristic of frankfurter-type sausage were investigated during 45 days of storage at 4 °C. The results revealed that pH and phenolic compounds decreased significantly (<em>P </em>< 0.05) in all samples during storage. Sausages containing 500 ppm green tea extract (1.78 mg/kg) showed the lowest TBARS values compared to olive leaves (2.01 mg/kg), <em>Urtica dioica</em> L. (2.26 mg/kg) extracts and control (2.74 mg/kg). Plant extracts significantly (<em>P </em>< 0.05) reduced the count of total mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold by at least 2 log cycles (CFU/g) than those of control samples. Sensory characteristics of texture showed no difference (<em>P </em>> 0.05) between sausage samples, but sausage containing <em>Urtica dioica</em> L. extract had the highest score regarding flavor, freshness odor, and overall acceptability. Based on the results, sausage containing plant extracts could have a significant impact on antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity, sensory score, and shelf life stability of frankfurter-type sausage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frankfurter-type%20sausage" title=" frankfurter-type sausage"> frankfurter-type sausage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20tea" title=" green tea"> green tea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20oil" title=" olive oil"> olive oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20life" title=" shelf life"> shelf life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urtica%20dioica%20L." title=" Urtica dioica L."> Urtica dioica L.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97051/effects-of-selected-plant-derived-nutraceuticals-on-the-quality-and-shelf-life-stability-of-frankfurter-type-sausages-during-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2490</span> Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Extracts Kedondong Leaf in Mice Balb/C Strain Males in Vivo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johanrik">Johanrik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arini%20Apriliani"> Arini Apriliani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fikri%20Haikal"> Fikri Haikal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dias%20Yuca"> Dias Yuca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdul%20Latif"> Muhammad Abdul Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edijanti%20Goenarwo"> Edijanti Goenarwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurita%20Pratama%20Sari"> Nurita Pratama Sari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many countries, as well as responsible for the deaths of millions of people each year. Previous research showed that the leaves, bark, and root bark of kedondong contains saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Tannins have anti-diarrheal effects that work as the freeze of protein/astringent, and may inhibit the secretion of chloride over the tannate bonding between protein in the intestines. Chemical compounds of flavonoids also have an effect as anti-diarrheal block receptors Cl ˉ in intestinal thus reducing the secretion of Cl ˉ to the intestinal lume .This research aims to know the anti-diarrheal activity of extracts kedondong leaf in mice Balb/C strain males in vivo. This research also proves kedondong leaves as an anti-diarrhea through trial efficacy of kedondong leaves as antisekretori and antimotilitas. This research using post-test only controlled group design. Analysis of statistical data normality and homogenity were tested by Kolmogorov Smirnov. If the data obtained homogenous then using ANOVA test. This research using ethanolic extracts kedondong leaf 200, 400 and 800 mg/kgBW to prove there is anti-diarrhea it makes into six treatment groups, for anti-secretory it makes into five treatment groups and anti-motility became five treatment groups. The result showed dose of ethanolic extracts kedondong leaf 800 mg/kgBW have significant value (p<0.005). The conclusion from this extracts kedondong leaf research 800 mg/kgBW have pharmacological effects as antidiarrhea on Balb/C strain male mice with a mechanism of action as anti-secretory and anti-motility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-diarrhea" title="anti-diarrhea">anti-diarrhea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-secretory" title=" anti-secretory"> anti-secretory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-motility" title=" anti-motility"> anti-motility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kedondong%20leaf" title=" kedondong leaf"> kedondong leaf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32601/anti-diarrheal-activity-of-extracts-kedondong-leaf-in-mice-balbc-strain-males-in-vivo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2489</span> Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants from Jordan for Their Protective Properties against Oxidative DNA Damage and Mutagenecity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karem%20H.%20Alzoubi">Karem H. Alzoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20S.%20Alkofahi"> Ahmad S. Alkofahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20F.%20Khabour"> Omar F. Khabour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizar%20M.%20Mhaidat"> Nizar M. Mhaidat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Herbal medicinal products represent a major focus for drug development and industry and it holds a significant share in drug-market all over the globe. In here, selected medicinal plant extracts from Jordan with high antioxidative capacity were tested for their protective effect against oxidative DNA damage using in vitro 8-hydroxydeoxyguanisine and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) assays in cultured human lymphocytes. The following plant extracts were tested Cupressus sempervirens L., Psidium guajava (L.) Gaerth., Silybum marianum L., Malva sylvestris L., Varthemia iphionoides Boiss., Eminium spiculatum L. Blume, Pistachia palaestina Boiss., Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Ficus carica L., Morus alba Linn , Cucumis sativus L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Salvia triloba L., Zizyphus spina-christi L. Desf., and Laurus nobilis L. A fractionation scheme for the active plant extracts of the above was followed. Plants extract fractions with best protective properties against DNA damage included hexane fraction of S. marianum L. (aerial parts), chloroform fractions of P. palaestina Boiss. (Fruits), ethanolic fractions of E. camaldulensis Dehnh (leaves), S. triloba L. (leaves), and ethanolic fractions of Z. spina-christi L. Desf. (Fruits/leaves). On the other hand, the ethanolic extracts of V. iphionoides Boiss was found to increase oxidative DNA damage. Results of the SCEs are undergoing. In conclusion, plant extracts with antioxidative DNA damage properties might have clinical applications in cancer prevention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants%20extract" title="medicinal plants extract">medicinal plants extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractionation" title=" fractionation"> fractionation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20DNA%20damage" title=" oxidative DNA damage"> oxidative DNA damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=8-hydroxydeoxyguanisine" title=" 8-hydroxydeoxyguanisine"> 8-hydroxydeoxyguanisine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCEs" title=" SCEs"> SCEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40067/screening-of-selected-medicinal-plants-from-jordan-for-their-protective-properties-against-oxidative-dna-damage-and-mutagenecity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2488</span> A Comparison between Reagents Extracted from Tree Leaves for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hafnium(IV)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boveiri%20Monji">A. Boveiri Monji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yousefnia"> H. Yousefnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zolghadri"> S. Zolghadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Salimi"> B. Salimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main goal of this paper was to make use of green reagents as a substitute of perilous synthetic reagents and organic solvents for spectrophotometric determination of hafnium(IV). The extracts taken from six different kinds of tree leaves including <em>Acer negundo, Ficus carica, Cerasus avium, Chimonanthus, Salix babylonica</em> and <em>Pinus brutia</em>, were applied as green reagents for the experiments. In 6-M hydrochloric acid, hafnium reacted with the reagent to form a yellow product and showed maximum absorbance at 421 nm. Among tree leaves, <em>Chimonanthus</em> showed satisfactory results with a molar absorptivity value of 0.61 × 10<sup>4</sup> l mol<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> and the method was linear in the 0.3-9 µg mL<sup> -1</sup> concentration range. The detection limit value was 0.064 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. The proposed method was simple, low cost, clean, and selective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hafnium" title="hafnium">hafnium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrophotometric%20determination" title=" spectrophotometric determination"> spectrophotometric determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20reagents" title=" synthetic reagents"> synthetic reagents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree%20leaves" title=" tree leaves"> tree leaves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88856/a-comparison-between-reagents-extracted-from-tree-leaves-for-spectrophotometric-determination-of-hafniumiv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2487</span> Crude Extracts of Medicinal Plants Can Inhibit Some Bacteria of Clinical Importance in Minced Meat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chika%20C.%20Ogueke">Chika C. Ogueke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ijeoma%20M.%20Agunwah"> Ijeoma M. Agunwah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The antimicrobial activities and preservative potentials of crude extracts of Alstonia boonei stem bark and Euphorbia hirta leaves were studied. Soxhlet extraction and cold ethanol extraction methods were used for the extraction of the dried and ground plant samples. Well in agar diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial screening at different concentrations of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml on E.coli and B.subtilis. The preservative effects of the extracts at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% singly and in combination were determined in minced meat using E. coli and B. subtilis as test isolates. Phytochemical analysis was also conducted on the extracts using standard analytical methods. E.hirta cold and A.boonei cold extracts gave the highest zone of growth inhibition on E. coli and B.substilis with 20mm zone diameter at 200mg/ml concentration. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. A.boonei at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% produced a log cycle reduction on the growth of E.coli. Mixture of A. boonei and E. hirta extracts (1:1) at 0.1% and 0.2% also produced a log cycle reduction on the growth of E.coli and B. subtilis, however the A. boonei extracts had more significant effect on the isolates. The observed antimicrobial activities are attributed to the phytochemicals identified in the extracts. The results reveal the potentials of plant extracts as natural antimicrobial preservatives in minced meat. Thus the crude extracts can act as inhibitors of bacteria in a food system. Upon further purification better results may be obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20preservative" title="antimicrobial preservative">antimicrobial preservative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20extracts" title=" crude extracts"> crude extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minced%20meat" title=" minced meat"> minced meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20isolates" title=" test isolates"> test isolates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56801/crude-extracts-of-medicinal-plants-can-inhibit-some-bacteria-of-clinical-importance-in-minced-meat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2486</span> Antioxydant Activity of Flavonoïd’s Extracts of Rhamnus alaternus L. Leaves of Tessala Mountains (Occidental Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benchiha%20Walid">Benchiha Walid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahroug%20Samira"> Mahroug Samira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rhamnus alaternus L. is a shrub that belongs to the family of Rhamnaceae. It is a medicinal plant that is largely used in traditional medicine in Algeria. Five flavonoic extracts obtained of Rhamnus alaternus L. leaves. The flavonoids were evaluated by a method that uses aluminum chloride AlCl3 of each extract; the content is estimated at 19.33 (Hexanic. Extract), 18.42 (Chlroformic.extract), 16.75 (Acetate. Extract), 3.9 (Brute. Extract), and 3.02 (Aqueous. Extract) mg Equivalent quercetine/gram of extract (mg QE/ g extract). The antioxidant activity was realized by the antiradical test that was evaluated by using DPHH (2.2 diphenyl-1-1picrylhdrazile), the inhibitory concentration at 50% (CI50) were estimated at 74.78 (Vitamin.C), 143.78 (Catechine), 101.78 (Gallic acid), 205.41 (Tannic acid), 210 (Caffeic acid) µg/ml; 74.16 (Br.extr), 9.98 (Aq.extr), 54.08 (Hèx.extr), 8.64 (Ac.extr), 30.49 (Ch.extr) mg/ml. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhamnus%20alaternus%20L." title="Rhamnus alaternus L.">Rhamnus alaternus L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxydant%20activity" title=" antioxydant activity"> antioxydant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tessala" title=" Tessala"> Tessala</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31838/antioxydant-activity-of-flavonoids-extracts-of-rhamnus-alaternus-l-leaves-of-tessala-mountains-occidental-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2485</span> Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Some Other Biological Activities, Essential Oil Constituents, and Phytochemical Screening of Azadirachta indica Grown in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20Chankaye">Dawit Chankaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Azadirachta indica is the most versatile medicinal plant known as “the village pharmacy”. The plant is known for its broad spectrum of biological activity in India and various countries throughout history by many different human cultures. The present study was undertaken to determine the antimalarial and antidiabetic properties of the leaf extracts of A. indica grown in Ethiopia when treated in vivo. This work has also been concerned with determining essential oil composition and the antimicrobial activity of the plant in vitro. Methods: Leaf extracts were prepared using three different selected solvents. Standard and clinical isolates were treated with extracts of the leaves of A. indica using the agar well diffusion method. The antimalarial and antidiabetic tests were conducted in vivo in mice. Phytochemical screening was done using various chemical tests, and the volatile oil constituents were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: In vivo antimalarial activity studies showed 85.23%, 69.01%, and 81.54% suppression of parasitemia for 70% ethanol, acetone, and water extracts, respectively. The extracts collected from the leaves also showed reduced blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. In addition, the solvent extracts were shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms under the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 850 to 1050 µg/ml. Notably, the phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extracts showed the presence of secondary metabolites. Seventeen compounds (mainly sesquiterpenes) that represent 75.45% of the essential oil were characterized by GC/MS analysis. Conclusion: Extracts examined in this study indicated that the leaf of A. indica grown in Ethiopia retained the biological activities demonstrating the extent equivalent to when it was grown in its natural habitat. In addition, phytochemical investigation and GC/MS analysis of volatile oil constituents showed comparable results to those presented in India and elsewhere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadirachta%20indica" title="Azadirachta indica">Azadirachta indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vivo" title=" vivo"> vivo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimalarial%20activity" title=" antimalarial activity"> antimalarial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antidiabetic%20activity" title=" antidiabetic activity"> antidiabetic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloxan" title=" alloxan"> alloxan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title=" mice"> mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical" title=" phytochemical"> phytochemical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171066/assessment-of-antiplasmodial-and-some-other-biological-activities-essential-oil-constituents-and-phytochemical-screening-of-azadirachta-indica-grown-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20tea%20leaves%20extracts&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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