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Tunisian Atlas</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: southern Tunisian Atlas"> <meta name="keywords" content="southern Tunisian Atlas"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="southern Tunisian Atlas"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1153</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: southern Tunisian Atlas</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1153</span> The Structure of Southern Tunisian Atlas Deformation Front: Integrated Geological and Geophysical Interpretation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Manai">D. Manai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Alvarez-Marron"> J. Alvarez-Marron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Inoubli"> M. Inoubli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The southern Tunisian Atlas is a part of the wide Cenozoic intracontinental deformation that affected North Africa as a result of convergence between African and Eurasian plates. The Southern Tunisian Atlas Front (STAF) corresponds to the chotts area that covers several hundreds of Km² and represents a 60 km wide transition between the deformed Tunisian Atlas to the North and the undeformed Saharan platform to the South. It includes three morphostructural alignments, a fold and thrust range in the North, a wide depression in the middle and a monocline to horizontal zone to the south. Four cross-sections have been constructed across the chotts area to illustrate the structure of the Southern Tunisian Atlas Front based on integrated geological and geophysical data including geological maps, petroleum wells, and seismic data. The fold and thrust zone of the northern chotts is interpreted as related to a detachment level near the Triassic-Jurassic contact. The displacement of the basal thrust seems to die out progressively under the Fejej antiform and it is responsible to the south dipping of the southern chotts range. The restoration of the cross-sections indicates that the Southern Tunisian Atlas front is a weakly deformed wide zone developed during the Cenozoic inversion with a maximum calculated shortening in the order of 1000 m. The wide structure of this STAF has been influenced by a pre-existing large thickness of upper Jurassic-Aptian sediments related to the rifting episodes associated to the evolution of Tethys in the Maghreb. During Jurassic to Aptian period, the chotts area corresponded to a highly subsiding basin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southern%20Tunisian%20Atlas%20Front" title="Southern Tunisian Atlas Front">Southern Tunisian Atlas Front</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsident%20sub-%20basin" title=" subsident sub- basin"> subsident sub- basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wide%20deformation" title=" wide deformation"> wide deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balanced%20cross-sections." title=" balanced cross-sections. "> balanced cross-sections. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103122/the-structure-of-southern-tunisian-atlas-deformation-front-integrated-geological-and-geophysical-interpretation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1152</span> Flap Structure Geometry in Breakthrough Structure: A Case Study from the Southern Tunisian Atlas Example, Orbata Anticline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soulef%20Amamria">Soulef Amamria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadok%20Bensalem"> Mohamed Sadok Bensalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghanmi"> Mohamed Ghanmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structural and sedimentological study of fault-related- folds in the Southern Tunisian Atlas is distinguished by a special geometry of the gravitational structures. This distinct geometry is observable in the example of a flap structure in Jebel Ben Zannouch with the formation of a stuck syncline. This geometry can be explained by the mechanism of major thrusting in Orbata anticline in the occidental extremity of Gafsa chains, with asymmetrical flank dips and hinge migration kinematics. These kinematics was originally controlled by the Breakthrough structure; the study of this special geometry of gravity flap structure depends on the sedimentation domain, shortening ratios, and erosion speed. This study constitutes one of the complete examples of kinematic model validation on a field scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault-related-folds" title="fault-related-folds">fault-related-folds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southern%20Tunisian%20Atlas" title=" southern Tunisian Atlas"> southern Tunisian Atlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flap%20structure" title=" flap structure"> flap structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough" title=" breakthrough"> breakthrough</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161486/flap-structure-geometry-in-breakthrough-structure-a-case-study-from-the-southern-tunisian-atlas-example-orbata-anticline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1151</span> The Evolution of Deformation in the Southern-Central Tunisian Atlas: Parameters and Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadok%20Bensalem">Mohamed Sadok Bensalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soulef%20Amamria"> Soulef Amamria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Lazzez"> Khaled Lazzez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghanmi"> Mohamed Ghanmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The southern-central Tunisian Atlas presents a typical example of external zone. It occupies a particular position in the North African chains: firstly, it is the eastern limit of atlassicstructures; secondly, it is the edges between the belts structures to the north and the stable Saharan platform in the south. The evolution of deformation studyis based on several methods such as classical or numerical methods. The principals parameters controlling the genesis of folds in the southern central Tunisian Atlas are; the reactivation of pre-existing faults during later compressive phase, the evolution of decollement level, and the relation between thin and thick-skinned. One of the more principal characters of the southern-central Tunisian Atlas is the variation of belts structures directions determined by: NE-SW direction named the attlassic direction in Tunisia, the NW-SE direction carried along the Gafsa fault (the oriental limit of southern atlassic accident), and the E-W direction defined in the southern Tunisian Atlas. This variation of direction is the result of an important variation of deformation during different tectonics phases. A classical modeling of the Jebel ElKebar anticline, based on faults throw of the pre-existing faults and its reactivation during compressive phases, shows the importance of extensional deformation, particular during Aptian-Albian period, comparing with that of later compression (Alpine phases). A numerical modeling, based on the software Rampe E.M. 1.5.0, applied on the anticline of Jebel Orbata confirms the interpretation of “fault related fold” with decollement level within the Triassic successions. The other important parameter of evolution of deformation is the vertical migration of decollement level; indeed, more than the decollement level is in the recent series, most that the deformation is accentuated. The evolution of deformation is marked the development of duplex structure in Jebel AtTaghli (eastern limit of Jebel Orbata). Consequently, the evolution of deformation is proportional to the depth of the decollement level, the most important deformation is in the higher successions; thus is associated to the thin-skinned deformation; the decollement level permit the passive transfer of deformation in the cover. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution%20of%20deformation" title="evolution of deformation">evolution of deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-existing%20faults" title=" pre-existing faults"> pre-existing faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decollement%20level" title=" decollement level"> decollement level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-skinned" title=" thin-skinned"> thin-skinned</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145323/the-evolution-of-deformation-in-the-southern-central-tunisian-atlas-parameters-and-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1150</span> Evolution of Deformation in the Southern Central Tunisian Atlas: Parameters and Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadok%20Bensalem">Mohamed Sadok Bensalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soulef%20Amamria"> Soulef Amamria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Lazzez"> Khaled Lazzez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghanmi"> Mohamed Ghanmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The southern-central Tunisian Atlas presents a typical example of an external zone. It occupies a particular position in the North African chains: firstly, it is the eastern limit of atlassic structures; secondly, it is the edges between the belts structures to the north and the stable Saharan platform in the south. The evolution of deformation study is based on several methods, such as classical or numerical methods. The principals parameters controlling the genesis of folds in the southern central Tunisian Atlas are; the reactivation of pre-existing faults during the later compressive phase, the evolution of decollement level, and the relation between thin and thick-skinned. One of the more principal characters of the southern-central Tunisian Atlas is the variation of belts structures directions determined by: NE-SW direction, named the attlassic direction in Tunisia, the NW-SE direction carried along the Gafsa fault (the oriental limit of southern atlassic accident), and the E-W direction defined in the southern Tunisian Atlas. This variation of direction is the result of important variation of deformation during different tectonics phases. A classical modelling of the Jebel ElKebar anticline, based on faults throw of the pre-existing faults and its reactivation during compressive phases, shows the importance of extensional deformation, particular during Aptian-Albian period, comparing with that of later compression (Alpine phases). A numerical modelling, based on the software Rampe E.M. 1.5.0, applied on the anticline of Jebel Orbata confirms the interpretation of “fault related fold” with decollement level within the Triassic successions. The other important parameter of evolution of deformation is the vertical migration of decollement level; indeed, more than the decollement level is in the recent series, most that the deformation is accentuated. The evolution of deformation is marked the development of duplex structure in Jebel At Taghli (eastern limit of Jebel Orbata). Consequently, the evolution of deformation is proportional to the depth of the decollement level, the most important deformation is in the higher successions; thus, is associated to the thin-skinned deformation; the decollement level permit the passive transfer of deformation in the cover. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution%20of%20deformation" title="evolution of deformation">evolution of deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-existing%20faults" title=" pre-existing faults"> pre-existing faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decollement%20level" title=" decollement level"> decollement level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-skinned" title=" thin-skinned"> thin-skinned</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161469/evolution-of-deformation-in-the-southern-central-tunisian-atlas-parameters-and-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1149</span> Evolution of Gravity Flap Structures in the Southern Central Atlas of Tunisia. Example: Northern of Orbata Anticline (Ben Zannouch Structure)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soulef%20Amamria">Soulef Amamria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadok%20Bensalem"> Mohamed Sadok Bensalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghanmi"> Mohamed Ghanmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several works found in the fold-and-thrust belt area of the southern central atlas of Tunisia, which were often related with tectonic shortening, are, in fact, related to superficial gravity structures. These gravitational collapse structures have developed in the northern flank of jebel Orbata. These include rock-slides, rock falls, wrinkle folds, slip sheets, and flaps. The Gravity collapse structures of ben zannouch are parallel to the major thrust of Bou Omrane between Orbata and El Ong structures. The thrust activity of Bou Omrane associated to the important paleo-slope to the south and plastic lithology (incompetent marly and gypsum layers) facilitates the development of the Ben Zannouch Flap structure. The definition in the first time of gravitional collapse structures in Tunisia, particularly in the northern flank of Jebel Orbata, is controlled by three principal structural conditions: the fragmentation of the landslide surfaces, the lithology, and the topography. Other regional factors can be distinguished in the southern-central Tunisian Atlas as the seismity activity of the Gafsa fault and the wetter conditions during the postglacial period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20structure" title="collapse structure">collapse structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flap%20structure" title=" flap structure"> flap structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20structures" title=" gravity structures"> gravity structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust%20activity" title=" thrust activity"> thrust activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160369/evolution-of-gravity-flap-structures-in-the-southern-central-atlas-of-tunisia-example-northern-of-orbata-anticline-ben-zannouch-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1148</span> Geophysical Contribution to Reveal the Subsurface Structural Setting Using Gravity, Seismic and Seismological Data in the Chott Belts, Southern Atlas of Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrine%20Frifita">Nesrine Frifita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Gharbi"> Mohamed Gharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Mickus"> Kevin Mickus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physical methods based on gravity, seismic and seismological data were adopted to clarify the relationship between the distribution of seismicity and the crustal deformations under the chott belts and surrounding regions, in southern atlas of Tunisia. Gafsa and its surrounding were described as a moderate seismic zone, and the fault of Gafsa is one of most seismically active faults in Tunisia in general, and in the southern Atlas in particularly. The present work aims to prove a logical relationship between the distribution of seismicity and deformations which strongly related to thickness and density variations within the basement and sedimentary cover along the study area, through several physical methods; gravity, seismic and seismological data were interpreted to calculate physical propriety of the subsurface rocks, the depth and geometry of active faults and causatives bodies. Findings show that depths variation and mixed thin and thick skinned structural style characterizing the chott belts explain the moderate seismicity in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20fields" title="potential fields">potential fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismicity" title=" seismicity"> seismicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southern%20Atlas" title=" Southern Atlas"> Southern Atlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128546/geophysical-contribution-to-reveal-the-subsurface-structural-setting-using-gravity-seismic-and-seismological-data-in-the-chott-belts-southern-atlas-of-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1147</span> Overview of the CRM Market in Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Bouraoui">Mohamed Amine Bouraoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to realize the importance of a CRM approach, to detect the degree of awareness of Tunisian managers of this importance and analyse the degree of integration of CRM in the Tunisian companies. Initially, we focus on the definition and components of CRM, then we focus on the level of integration of CRM within Tunisian enterprises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRM" title="CRM">CRM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20tools" title=" operational tools"> operational tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20tools" title=" analytical tools"> analytical tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20company" title=" Tunisian company"> Tunisian company</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27003/overview-of-the-crm-market-in-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1146</span> Seismotectonics and Seismology the North of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djeddi%20Mabrouk">Djeddi Mabrouk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The slow coming together between the Afro-Eurasia plates seems to be the main cause of the active deformation in the whole of North Africa which in consequence come true in Algeria with a large zone of deformation in an enough large limited band, southern through Saharan atlas and northern through tell atlas. Maghrebin and Atlassian Chain along North Africa are the consequence of this convergence. In junction zone, we have noticed a compressive regime NW-SE with a creases-faults structure and structured overthrust. From a geological point of view the north part of Algeria is younger then Saharan platform, it’s changing so unstable and constantly in movement, it’s characterized by creases openly reversed, overthrusts and reversed faults, and undergo perpetually complex movement vertically and horizontally. On structural level the north of Algeria it's a part of erogenous alpine peri-Mediterranean and essentially the tertiary age It’s spread from east to the west of Algeria over 1200 km.This oogenesis is extended from east to west on broadband of 100 km.The alpine chain is shaped by 3 domains: tell atlas in north, high plateaus in mid and Saharan atlas in the south In extreme south we find the Saharan platform which is made of Precambrian bedrock recovered by Paleozoic practically not deformed. The Algerian north and the Saharan platform are separated by an important accident along of 2000km from Agadir (Morocco) to Gabes (Tunisian). The seismic activity is localized essentially in a coastal band in the north of Algeria shaped by tell atlas, high plateaus, Saharan atlas. Earthquakes are limited in the first 20km of the earth's crust; they are caused by movements along faults of inverted orientation NE-SW or sliding tectonic plates. The center region characterizes Strong Earthquake Activity who locates mainly in the basin of Mitidja (age Neogene).The southern periphery (Atlas Blidéen) constitutes the June, more Important seism genic sources in the city of Algiers and east (Boumerdes region). The North East Region is also part of the tellian area, but it is characterized by a different strain in other parts of northern Algeria. The deformation is slow and low to moderate seismic activity. Seismic activity is related to the tectonic-slip earthquake. The most pronounced is that of 27 October 1985 (Constantine) of seismic moment magnitude Mw = 5.9. North-West region is quite active and also artificial seismic hypocenters which do not exceed 20km. The deep seismicity is concentrated mainly a narrow strip along the edge of Quaternary and Neogene basins Intra Mountains along the coast. The most violent earthquakes in this region are the earthquake of Oran in 1790 and earthquakes Orléansville (El Asnam in 1954 and 1980). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpine%20chain" title="alpine chain">alpine chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismicity%20north%20Algeria" title=" seismicity north Algeria"> seismicity north Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquakes%20in%20Algeria" title=" earthquakes in Algeria"> earthquakes in Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geophysics" title=" geophysics"> geophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Earth" title=" Earth"> Earth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37831/seismotectonics-and-seismology-the-north-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1145</span> Determination of Skeletal Age in Nigerian Children: Applicability of the Greulich and Pyle Atlas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udoaka%20A.%20I.">Udoaka A. I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didia%20B.%20C."> Didia B. C.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The maturation of a child’s bones as it grows to adulthood can be viewed radiologically. The skeletal age (bone age) is the average age at which a particular stage of bone maturation is achieved. The Greulich and Pyle standard is the commonest method used to assess the skeletal age using the hand and wrist radiograph throughout the world. This atlas was compiled solely from Caucasian children and made use of the orderly sequence of carpal ossification to determine the skeletal age. Several authors have faulted this atlas for not being suitable for other races. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine if the Greulich and Pyle Atlas is applicable to Nigerian children when compared to their chronological ages. Methods: The total number of 78 normal radiographs of the hand and wrist of Nigerian children obtained from several hospitals were used for this study . These radiographs were compared with the atlas and their skeletal ages noted form the atlas. The child’s chronological age in each case was also recorded. Results: The result shows a mean increase of two months in the skeletal ages of the Nigerian children compared to the atlas. This difference, however, was not significant. The skeletal age (in months) was greater in 77% of the children than the expected age in the atlas. Conclusion: The mean skeletal age of Nigerian children, though more than the standard in the atlas, is not statistically significant; as a result the study finds the radiographic atlas of Greulich and Pyle atlas applicable to Nigerian children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greulich%20and%20Pyle%20Atlas" title="Greulich and Pyle Atlas">Greulich and Pyle Atlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiograph" title=" radiograph"> radiograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20age" title=" skeletal age"> skeletal age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27828/determination-of-skeletal-age-in-nigerian-children-applicability-of-the-greulich-and-pyle-atlas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1144</span> Characterization of Climatic Drought in the Saiss Plateau (Morocco) Using Statistical Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdeghani%20Qadem">Abdeghani Qadem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is now an undeniable reality with increasing impacts on water systems worldwide, especially leading to severe drought episodes. The Southern Mediterranean region is particularly affected by this drought, which can have devastating consequences on water resources. Morocco, due to its geographical location in North Africa and the Southern Mediterranean, is especially vulnerable to these effects of climate change, particularly drought. In this context, this article focuses on the study of climate variability and drought characteristics in the Saiss Plateau region and its adjacent areas with the Middle Atlas, using specific statistical indices. The study begins by analyzing the annual precipitation variation, with a particular emphasis on data homogenization and gap filling using a regional vector. Then, the analysis delves into drought episodes in the region, using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) over a 12-month period. The central objective is to accurately assess significant drought changes between 1980 and 2015, based on data collected from nine meteorological stations located in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title="climate variability">climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20vector" title=" regional vector"> regional vector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardized%20precipitation%20index" title=" standardized precipitation index"> standardized precipitation index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saiss%20Plateau" title=" Saiss Plateau"> Saiss Plateau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20atlas" title=" middle atlas"> middle atlas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173990/characterization-of-climatic-drought-in-the-saiss-plateau-morocco-using-statistical-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1143</span> Segmentation along the Strike-slip Fault System of the Chotts Belt, Southern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Soumaya">Abdelkader Soumaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aymen%20Arfaoui"> Aymen Arfaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Ben%20Ayed"> Noureddine Ben Ayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kadri"> Ali Kadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Chotts belt represents the southernmost folded structure in the Tunisian Atlas domain. It is dominated by inherited deep extensional E-W trending fault zones, which are reactivated as strike-slip faults during the Cenozoic compression. By examining the geological maps at different scales and based on the fieldwork data, we propose new structural interpretations for the geometries and fault kinematics in the Chotts chain. A set of ENE-WSW right-lateral en echelon folds, with curved shapes and steeply inclined southern limbs, is visible in the map view of this belt. These asymmetric tight anticlines are affected by E-W trending fault segments linked by local bends and stepovers. The revealed kinematic indicators along one of these E-W striated faults (Tafferna segment), such as breccias and gently inclined slickenlines (N094, 80N, 15°W pitch angles), show direct evidence of dextral strike-slip movement. The calculated stress tensors from corresponding faults slip data reveal an overall strike-slip tectonic regime with reverse component and NW-trending sub-horizontal σ1 axis ranking between N130 to N150. From west to east, we distinguished several types of structures along the segmented dextral fault system of the Chotts Range. The NE-SW striking fold-thrust belt (~25 km-long) between two continuously linked E-W fault segments (NW of Tozeur town) has been suggested as a local restraining bend. The central part of the Chotts chain is occupied by the ENE-striking Ksar Asker anticlines (Taferna, Torrich, and Sif Laham), which are truncated by a set of E-W strike-slip fault segments. Further east, the fault segments of Hachichina and Sif Laham connected across the NW-verging asymmetric fold-thrust system of Bir Oum Ali, which can be interpreted as a left-stepping contractional bend (~20 km-long). The oriental part of the Chotts belt corresponds to an array of subparallel E-W oriented fault segments (i.e., Beidha, Bouloufa, El Haidoudi-Zemlet El Beidha) with similar lengths (around 10 km). Each of these individual separated segments is associated with curved ENE-trending en echelon right-stepping anticlines. These folds are affected by a set of conjugate R and R′ shear-type faults indicating a dextral strike-lip motion. In addition, the relay zones between these E-W overstepping fault segments define local releasing stepovers dominated by NW-SE subsidiary faults. Finally, the Chotts chain provides well-exposed examples of strike-slip tectonics along E-W distributed fault segments. Each fault zone shows a typical strike-slip architecture, including parallel fault segments connecting via local stepovers or bends. Our new structural interpretations for this region reveal a great influence of the E-W deep fault segments on regional tectonic deformations and stress field during the Cenozoic shortening. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chotts%20belt" title="chotts belt">chotts belt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunisian%20atlas" title=" tunisian atlas"> tunisian atlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strike-slip%20fault" title=" strike-slip fault"> strike-slip fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stepovers" title=" stepovers"> stepovers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20segments" title=" fault segments"> fault segments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168428/segmentation-along-the-strike-slip-fault-system-of-the-chotts-belt-southern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1142</span> Multi-Atlas Segmentation Based on Dynamic Energy Model: Application to Brain MR Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Huo">Jie Huo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Wu"> Jonathan Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Segmentation of anatomical structures in medical images is essential for scientific inquiry into the complex relationships between biological structure and clinical diagnosis, treatment and assessment. As a method of incorporating the prior knowledge and the anatomical structure similarity between a target image and atlases, multi-atlas segmentation has been successfully applied in segmenting a variety of medical images, including the brain, cardiac, and abdominal images. The basic idea of multi-atlas segmentation is to transfer the labels in atlases to the coordinate of the target image by matching the target patch to the atlas patch in the neighborhood. However, this technique is limited by the pairwise registration between target image and atlases. In this paper, a novel multi-atlas segmentation approach is proposed by introducing a dynamic energy model. First, the target is mapped to each atlas image by minimizing the dynamic energy function, then the segmentation of target image is generated by weighted fusion based on the energy. The method is tested on MICCAI 2012 Multi-Atlas Labeling Challenge dataset which includes 20 target images and 15 atlases images. The paper also analyzes the influence of different parameters of the dynamic energy model on the segmentation accuracy and measures the dice coefficient by using different feature terms with the energy model. The highest mean dice coefficient obtained with the proposed method is 0.861, which is competitive compared with the recently published method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20MRI%20segmentation" title="brain MRI segmentation">brain MRI segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20energy%20model" title=" dynamic energy model"> dynamic energy model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-atlas%20segmentation" title=" multi-atlas segmentation"> multi-atlas segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20minimization" title=" energy minimization"> energy minimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68716/multi-atlas-segmentation-based-on-dynamic-energy-model-application-to-brain-mr-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1141</span> Ponticuli of Atlas Vertebra: A Study in South Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hema%20Lattupalli">Hema Lattupalli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: A bony bridge extends from the lateral mass of the atlas to postero medial margin of vertebral artery groove, termed as a posterior bridge of atlas or posterior ponticulus. The foramen formed by the bridge is called as arcuate foramen or retroarticulare superior. Another bony bridge sometimes extends laterally from lateral mass to posterior root of transverse foramen forming and additional groove for vertebral artery, above and behind foramen transversarium called Lateral bridge or ponticulus lateralis. When both posterior and lateral are present together it is called as Posterolateral ponticuli. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to detect the presence of such Bridge or Ponticuli called as Lateral, Posterior and Posterolateral reported by earlier investigators in atlas vertebrae. Material and Methods: The study was done on 100 Atlas vertebrae from the Department of Anatomy Narayana Medical College Nellore, and also from SVIMS Tirupati was collected over a period of 2 years. The parameters that were studied include the presence of ponticuli, complete and incomplete and right and left side ponticuli. They were observed for all these parameters and the results were documented and photographed. Results: Ponticuli were observed in 25 (25%) of atlas vertebrae. Posterior ponticuli were found in 16 (16%), Lateral in 01 (01%) and Posterolateral in 08(08%) of the atlas vertebrae. Complete ponticuli were present in 09 (09%) and incomplete ponticuli in 16 (16%) of the atlas vertebrae. Bilateral ponticuli were seen in 10 (10%) and unilateral ponticuli were seen in 15 (15%) of the atlas vertebrae. Right side ponticuli were seen in 04 (04%) and Left side ponticuli in 05 (05%) of the atlas vertebrae respectively. Interpretation and Conclusion: In the present study posterior complete ponticuli were said to be more than the lateral complete ponticuli. The presence of Bilateral Incomplete Posterior ponticuli is higher and also Atlantic ponticuli. The present study is to say that knowledge of normal anatomy and variations in the atlas vertebra is very much essential to the neurosurgeons giving a message that utmost care is needed to perform surgeries related to craniovertebral regions. This is additional information to the Anatomists, Neurosurgeons and Radiologist. This adds an extra page to the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atlas%20vertebra" title="atlas vertebra">atlas vertebra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ponticuli" title=" ponticuli"> ponticuli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posterior%20arch" title=" posterior arch"> posterior arch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arcuate%20foramen" title=" arcuate foramen"> arcuate foramen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40978/ponticuli-of-atlas-vertebra-a-study-in-south-coastal-region-of-andhra-pradesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1140</span> Collaborative Technology Implementation Success and Knowledge Capacity: Case of Tunisian Banks with Mixed Capital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Khelil">Amira Khelil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Affes"> Habib Affes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organization resource planning implementation success is important. Today`s competitors in business, in enterprise resource planning and in managing are becoming one of the main tools of achieving competitiveness in business. Resource technologies are considered as an infrastructure to create and maintain business to improve front and back-office efficiency and effectiveness. This study is significant to bring new ideas in determining the key antecedents which are technological resource planning implementation based on knowledge capacity perspectives and help to understand the key success factor in the Tunisian banks. Based on a survey of 150 front office Tunisian agents working in Tunisian banks with mixed capital, using Groupware system, only 51 respondents had given feedback to this survey. By using Warp PLS 3.0, through several tests the relationship between knowledge capability and Groupware implementation success having beta coefficient 0.37 and P-Value <0.01. This result highlights that knowledge capability of bank agent can influence the success of the Groupware implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groupware%20implementation" title="groupware implementation">groupware implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20capacity" title=" knowledge capacity"> knowledge capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20least%20squares%20method" title=" partial least squares method"> partial least squares method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20banks" title=" Tunisian banks"> Tunisian banks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20281/collaborative-technology-implementation-success-and-knowledge-capacity-case-of-tunisian-banks-with-mixed-capital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1139</span> E-Management and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study in Tunisian Firms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khlif%20Hamadi">Khlif Hamadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The principal aim of our research is to analyze the impact of the adoption of e-management approach on the performance of Tunisian firms. The method of structural equation was adopted to conduct our exploratory and confirmatory analysis. The results arising from the questionnaire sent to 155 E-managers affirm that the adoption of e-management approach influences the performance of Tunisian firms. The results of the questionnaire show that e-management favors the deployment of ICT usage and contributes enormously to the performance of the modern enterprise. The theoretical and practical implications of the study, as well as directions for future research, are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-management" title="e-management">e-management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT%20Deployment" title=" ICT Deployment"> ICT Deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20performance" title=" organizational performance"> organizational performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-manager" title=" e-manager"> e-manager</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90492/e-management-and-firm-performance-an-empirical-study-in-tunisian-firms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1138</span> Spatial Occupation of the Wild Boar 'Sus Scrofa Algirus' in the Oasis of Southern Tunisia: The Continental Oasis of Kebili and the Coastal Oasis of Gabes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghandri%20Aida">Ghandri Aida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wild boar ‘Sus scrofa algirus’ is an invasive species that has a significant invasive potential allowing it to colonize the agroecosystems of southern Tunisia. In fact, these agroecosystems contain sites with high tranquility-refuge value (refuge zones) which are very attractive for this Suidae thanks to the very dense vegetation (reed beds on the outskirts of the oases and the border areas of the wadis and chotts) and the almost impenetrability for man. When this species is present in abundance, it could cause severe ecological and socio-economic damage. The present work aims to analyze the spatial distribution of this species in the oases of southern Tunisia, namely the coastal oases of Gabès and the continental oases of Kébili, using GLMMs (generalized linear mixed models). In particular, it aims to evaluate the influence of certain landscape factors and vegetation on the occurrence of this harmful species. Our results suggest that the spatial occupancy of wild boar in Tunisian oases essentially depends on proximity to the nearest roads as a repelling factor as well as irrigation, the proportion of cereal cultivation and proximity to areas of refuge as attractive factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sus%20scrofa%20algirus" title="sus scrofa algirus">sus scrofa algirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occurence" title=" occurence"> occurence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GLMM" title=" GLMM"> GLMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oasis%20of%20southern%20tunisia" title=" oasis of southern tunisia"> oasis of southern tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195002/spatial-occupation-of-the-wild-boar-sus-scrofa-algirus-in-the-oasis-of-southern-tunisia-the-continental-oasis-of-kebili-and-the-coastal-oasis-of-gabes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1137</span> Perceptions of Tunisian EFL Students toward Their Writing Difficulties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20Enneifer">Salwa Enneifer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research is intended to investigate Tunisian students’ own perception of the difficulties they encounter in the writing task. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was administered to students enrolled in the ‘Faculty of Letters Arts and Humanities’ in Kairouan, in Tunisia. Students were classified into three groups: first-, second-, and third-year students. The researcher used 120 questionnaires filled in by the students as data for this study; moreover, 30 students participated in a semi-structured interview to complete the data. The questionnaire results revealed that Tunisian EFL students faced spelling and grammar difficulties. ANOVA also revealed that the first-year students did not recognise that Arabic and English greatly differ in their respective punctuation systems. The second-year class, however, was fully aware of this difference. Additionally, the interview shed light on other aspects or different difficulties experienced by students in writing: a cruel ‘lack of vocabulary’, Arabic language interference, the organisation of the essay and especially the academic essay, and difficulty with writing an argumentative essay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difficulties" title="difficulties">difficulties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing" title=" writing"> writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian" title=" Tunisian"> Tunisian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20students" title=" EFL students"> EFL students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139398/perceptions-of-tunisian-efl-students-toward-their-writing-difficulties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1136</span> Modeling of Water Erosion in the M'Goun Watershed Using OpenGIS Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khal">M. Khal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ab.%20Algouti"> Ab. Algouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Algouti"> A. Algouti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water erosion is the major cause of the erosion that shapes the earth's surface. Modeling water erosion requires the use of software and GIS programs, commercial or closed source. The very high prices for commercial GIS licenses, motivates users and researchers to find open source software as relevant and applicable as the proprietary GIS. The objective of this study is the modeling of water erosion and the hydrogeological and morphophysical characterization of the Oued M'Goun watershed (southern flank of the Central High Atlas) developed by free programs of GIS. The very pertinent results are obtained by executing tasks and algorithms in a simple and easy way. Thus, the various geoscientific and geostatistical analyzes of a digital elevation model (SRTM 30 m resolution) and their combination with the treatments and interpretation of satellite imagery information allowed us to characterize the region studied and to map the area most vulnerable to water erosion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20High-Atlas" title="central High-Atlas">central High-Atlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogeology" title=" hydrogeology"> hydrogeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%E2%80%99Goun%20watershed" title=" M’Goun watershed"> M’Goun watershed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenGis" title=" OpenGis"> OpenGis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20erosion" title=" water erosion"> water erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99290/modeling-of-water-erosion-in-the-mgoun-watershed-using-opengis-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1135</span> Insights on Behavior of Tunisian Auditors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dammak%20Saida">Dammak Saida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mbarek%20Sonia"> Mbarek Sonia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to examine the impact of public interest commitment, the attitude towards independence enforcement, and organizational ethical culture on auditors' ethical behavior. It also tests the moderating effect of gender diversity on these relationships. The sample consisted of 100 Tunisian chartered accountants. An online survey was used to collect the data. Data analysis techniques used to test hypotheses The findings of this study provide practical implications for accounting professionals, regulators, and audit firms as they help understand auditors' beliefs and behaviors, which implies more effective mechanisms for improving their ethical values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20interest" title="public interest">public interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independence" title=" independence"> independence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20culture" title=" organizational culture"> organizational culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20behavior" title=" professional behavior"> professional behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20auditors" title=" Tunisian auditors"> Tunisian auditors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171287/insights-on-behavior-of-tunisian-auditors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1134</span> Natural Forest Ecosystem Services and Local Populations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sghir%20Taleb">Mohammed Sghir Taleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Located at the northwest corner of the African continent between 21 ° and 36 ° north latitude and between the 1st and the 17th degree of west longitude, Morocco, with a total area of 715,000 km², enjoys a privileged position with a coastline of 3 446 km long opening to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean. Its privileged location with a double coastline and its diverse mountain with four major mountain ranges: the Rif, Middle Atlas, High Atlas, and Anti Atlas, with altitudes exceeding 2000 m in the Rif, 3000 m in the Middle Atlas, and 4000 m in the High Atlas. Morocco is characterized by an important forest genetic diversity represented by a rich and varied flora and many ecosystems: forest, preforest, presteppe, steppe, Sahara that spans a range of bioclimatic zones: arid, semiarid, subhumid, and humid. The vascular flora of Morocco is rich and highly diversified, with a very significant degree of endemism. Natural flora and ecosystems provide important services to populations represented by grazing, timber harvest, harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants. This work will be focused on the Moroccan biodiversity and natural ecosystem services and on the interaction between local populations and ecosystems <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title="biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem" title=" ecosystem"> ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=services" title=" services"> services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156234/natural-forest-ecosystem-services-and-local-populations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1133</span> The History of the Birth of Tunisian Higher Accounting Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rim%20Khemiri">Rim Khemiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Dammak"> Mariam Dammak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to trace the historical evolution of Tunisian higher accounting education and to understand and highlight the circumstances of its birth and its development. A documentary study (archival documents, official documents, public speeches, etc.), as well as semi-directive interviews with key actors, were carried out as part of this research work. These interviews aim to fill a lack of information on this subject and to confirm events addressed by other sources, but for which it lacks the elements necessary for a good understanding. After having put forward the specificities of the Tunisian context, we will, first of all, proceed to a review of the literature related to our theme in various contexts of the world. Then, we will present the evolution of the accounting curriculum by highlighting the circumstances of its birth and those of the successive reforms led by the Tunisian government. The study of higher accounting education in Tunisia and its evolution has several interests. The first lies in understanding the circumstances of its birth and its evolution in relation to the historical, socio-economic, and political context of the country. The second is to propose a reading grid that allows an understanding of the reforms that led to the university accountancy accounting course as we know it today. And, the third, aims to complete the literature on the processes of evolution of higher education accounting, by treating a different context, in order to provide additional knowledge necessary to compare experiences in this area around the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20history" title="accounting history">accounting history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20accounting%20education" title=" higher accounting education"> higher accounting education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20and%20political%20context" title=" socio-economic and political context"> socio-economic and political context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20context" title=" Tunisian context"> Tunisian context</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111059/the-history-of-the-birth-of-tunisian-higher-accounting-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1132</span> Demographic Characteristics of the Atlas Barbary Sheep in Amassine Nature Reserve, Atlas Range, Morocco: Implications For Conservation and Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Bachiri">Hakim Bachiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Znari"> Mohammed Znari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moulay%20Abdeljalil%20Ait%20Baamranne"> Moulay Abdeljalil Ait Baamranne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Population characteristics of Atlas Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia lervia) were investigated 20 years following the 1999 introduction of 10 individuals into the fenced nature reserve of Amassine, High Atlas range, Morocco, for promoting wildlife watching and tourism. Population age-sex structure and density were determined in late winter-early spring during four consecutive years (2016-2019) by direct observation before the dispersal of the herd. In this latter case, the line transect distance sampling was successfully applied. Population size increased from 37 to 62 animals during the four-year study period; the maximal population size being 82 individuals recorded in 2006. An estimated population density ranged from 0.25 to 0.41 Barbary sheep/ha during the study period. The adult sex ratio varied from 91 to 67 per 100 females. The apparent birth rate was 14 to 73/100 females. Juveniles and subadults comprised 27-43% of the population, adult males 26-31% and adult females 29-45%. The survival rate from birth to 1 year of age approximated 35%, for adult males was estimated to average 69%/year. The obtained results would be helpful for developing sustainable population management and habitat restoration plan and assessing the feasibility of potential reintroduction/restocking in other areas of the Atlas range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atlas%20mountains" title="atlas mountains">atlas mountains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barbary%20sheep" title=" barbary sheep"> barbary sheep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demography" title=" demography"> demography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138553/demographic-characteristics-of-the-atlas-barbary-sheep-in-amassine-nature-reserve-atlas-range-morocco-implications-for-conservation-and-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1131</span> By-Line Analysis of Determinants Insurance Premiums : Evidence from Tunisian Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Sghaier">Nadia Sghaier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we aim to identify the determinants of the life and non-life insurance premiums of different lines for the case of the Tunisian insurance market over a recent period from 1997 to 2019. The empirical analysis is conducted using the linear cointegration techniques in the panel data framework, which allow both long and short-run relationships. The obtained results show evidence of long-run relationship between premiums, losses, and financial variables (stock market indices and interest rate). Furthermore, we find that the short-run effect of explanatory variables differs across lines. This finding has important implications for insurance tarification and regulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20premiums" title="insurance premiums">insurance premiums</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lines" title=" lines"> lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20insurance%20market" title=" Tunisian insurance market"> Tunisian insurance market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration%20approach%20in%20panel%20data" title=" cointegration approach in panel data"> cointegration approach in panel data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140643/by-line-analysis-of-determinants-insurance-premiums-evidence-from-tunisian-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1130</span> On the Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tunisian Stock Market: By Sector Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Sghaier">Nadia Sghaier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of the Tunisian stock market and 12 sectors over a recent period from 23 March 2020 to 18 August 2021, including several waves and the introduction of vaccination. The empirical study is conducted using cointegration techniques which allows for long and short-run relationships. The obtained results indicate that both daily growth in confirmed cases and deaths have a negative and significant effect on the stock market returns. In particular, this effect differs across sectors. It seems more pronounced in financial, consumer goods and industrials sectors. These findings have important implications for investors to predict the behavior of the stock market or sectors returns and to implement hedging strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20stock%20market" title="Tunisian stock market">Tunisian stock market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sectors" title=" sectors"> sectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20pandemic" title=" COVID-19 pandemic"> COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration%20techniques" title=" cointegration techniques"> cointegration techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141180/on-the-influence-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-tunisian-stock-market-by-sector-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1129</span> A Discourse Completion Test Analysis of Email Request Strategies as Used by Tunisian Postgraduate Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Aribi%20Ben%20Amor">Imen Aribi Ben Amor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study is to analyze the performance of requests in emails among a group of Tunisian postgraduate students. It also seeks to determine the influence of the social factors on the participants’ requests performance. For this purpose, the data were collected using a discourse completion test (DCT). Accordingly, 42 Tunisian postgraduate students were asked to respond in English to eight different situations in which they carried out the speech act of request in emails. The data were analyzed based on the degree of directness. A detailed analysis of the head acts found in the DCT revealed that Tunisian Postgraduate students use a varied repertoire of request strategies (direct, conventionally indirect and non-conventionally indirect) but at the same time rely heavily on direct request strategies. They tended to address their requestees directly except for distant superiors. DCT results suggest that the participants are to some extent aware of the influence of the ranking of imposition and social distance but fail to acknowledge the weight of social power when performing requests in emails. The preference of the participants to use direct strategies may be the result of the effect of Tunisian culture and the negative transfer of Tunisian communicative strategies. Accordingly, this study suggests some pedagogical implications and suggestions for Tunisian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) instructors. They are required to pay closer attention to the pragmalinguistic nuances of the ways in which requests in emails are realized. Teachers can also help students understand academic email etiquettes by explicitly explaining what they expect in the student email. Thus, EFL teachers and syllabus designers should devote more attention to developing EFL learners’ pragmatic competence through teaching L2 pragmatics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directness" title="directness">directness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranking%20of%20imposition" title=" ranking of imposition"> ranking of imposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=request%20strategies" title=" request strategies"> request strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20distance" title=" social distance"> social distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20power" title=" social power"> social power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72047/a-discourse-completion-test-analysis-of-email-request-strategies-as-used-by-tunisian-postgraduate-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1128</span> Natural Forest Ecosystem Services Provided to Local Populations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sghir%20Taleb">Mohammed Sghir Taleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Located at the northwest corner of the African continent between 21 ° and 36 ° north latitude and between the 1st and the 17th degree of west longitude, Morocco, with a total area of 715,000 km2, enjoys a privileged position with a coastline of 3 446 km long opening to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean. Its privileged location with a double coastline and its diverse mountain with four major mountain ranges: the Rif, Middle Atlas, High Atlas and Anti Atlas, with altitudes exceeding 2000 m in the Rif, 3000 m in the Middle Atlas and 4000 m in the High Atlas. Morocco is characterized by an important forest genetic diversity represented by a rich and varied flora and many ecosystems: forest, preforest, presteppe, steppe, Sahara that spans a range of bioclimatic zones: arid, semiarid, subhumid, and humid. The vascular flora of Morocco is rich and highly diversified, with a very significant degree of endemism. Natural flora and ecosystems provide important services to populations represented by grazing, timber harvest, harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants. This work will be focused on the Moroccan biodiversity and natural ecosystem services and on the interaction between local populations and ecosystems and on the strategies developed by Morocco for restoring and conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morocco" title="morocco">morocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20ecosystems" title=" forest ecosystems"> forest ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20population" title=" local population"> local population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168168/natural-forest-ecosystem-services-provided-to-local-populations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1127</span> Hate Speech Detection in Tunisian Dialect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helmi%20Baazaoui">Helmi Baazaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Zrigui"> Mounir Zrigui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study addresses the challenge of hate speech detection in Tunisian Arabic text, a critical issue for online safety and moderation. Leveraging the strengths of the AraBERT model, we fine-tuned and evaluated its performance against the Bi-LSTM model across four distinct datasets: T-HSAB, TNHS, TUNIZI-Dataset, and a newly compiled dataset with diverse labels such as Offensive Language, Racism, and Religious Intolerance. Our experimental results demonstrate that AraBERT significantly outperforms Bi-LSTM in terms of Recall, Precision, F1-Score, and Accuracy across all datasets. The findings underline the robustness of AraBERT in capturing the nuanced features of Tunisian Arabic and its superior capability in classification tasks. This research not only advances the technology for hate speech detection but also provides practical implications for social media moderation and policy-making in Tunisia. Future work will focus on expanding the datasets and exploring more sophisticated architectures to further enhance detection accuracy, thus promoting safer online interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hate%20speech%20detection" title="hate speech detection">hate speech detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20Arabic" title=" Tunisian Arabic"> Tunisian Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AraBERT" title=" AraBERT"> AraBERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi-LSTM" title=" Bi-LSTM"> Bi-LSTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gemini%20annotation%20tool" title=" Gemini annotation tool"> Gemini annotation tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20moderation" title=" social media moderation"> social media moderation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193877/hate-speech-detection-in-tunisian-dialect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1126</span> The Language of Hip-Hop and Rap in Tunisia: Symbol of Cultural Change in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhir%20Gabsi">Zouhir Gabsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Arab Spring has had noticeable effects on Tunisia in socio-economic, political, and cultural terms. Few have predicted that the music of hip-hop and rap could engage with the socio-political situation in Tunisia, especially after the downfall of Ben Ali’s regime. Having survived as underground music since the year 2000, the genre of hip-hop and rap remains an aberration from the folkloric tradition. By adhering to the socio-economic reality of the Tunisian street, rappers attempt to claim authenticity mainly in both thematic and language uses, and by usurping the power of ‘space’ from the regime’s control. With the songs’ fast-paced rhythms, catchy phrases, puns, vulgarisms, and linguistic innovations using metaphors, hip-hop, and rap have struck a chord with Tunisia’s youth. Tunisia’s new social reality has allowed Tunisian rappers to express dissent and voice people’s despair over the socio-economic and political situation. This paper argues that rap artists use language as a vehicle to claim the authenticity of their message. It also explores how the performative nature of the language of hip-hop and rap interacts with the Tunisian culture and argues the power of music in the context of political and socio-economic grievances in post-Arab Spring Tunisia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip-hop" title=" hip-hop"> hip-hop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eevolution" title=" eevolution"> eevolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20Arabic" title=" Tunisian Arabic"> Tunisian Arabic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101961/the-language-of-hip-hop-and-rap-in-tunisia-symbol-of-cultural-change-in-post-arab-spring-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> Evaluation of Compatibility between Produced and Injected Waters and Identification of the Causes of Well Plugging in a Southern Tunisian Oilfield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Barbouchi">Sonia Barbouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriem%20Samcha"> Meriem Samcha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scale deposition during water injection into aquifer of oil reservoirs is a serious problem experienced in the oil production industry. One of the primary causes of scale formation and injection well plugging is mixing two waters which are incompatible. Considered individually, the waters may be quite stable at system conditions and present no scale problems. However, once they are mixed, reactions between ions dissolved in the individual waters may form insoluble products. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of well plugging in a southern Tunisian oilfield, where fresh water has been injected into the producing wells to counteract the salinity of the formation waters and inhibit the deposition of halite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogical analysis has been carried out on scale samples collected from the blocked well. Two samples collected from both formation water and injected water were analysed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, ion chromatography and other standard laboratory techniques. The results of complete waters analysis were the typical input parameters, to determine scaling tendency. Saturation indices values related to CaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4 and SrSO4 scales were calculated for the water mixtures at different share, under various conditions of temperature, using a computerized scale prediction model. The compatibility study results showed that mixing the two waters tends to increase the probability of barite deposition. XRD analysis confirmed the compatibility study results, since it proved that the analysed deposits consisted predominantly of barite with minor galena. At the studied temperatures conditions, the tendency for barite scale is significantly increasing with the increase of fresh water share in the mixture. The future scale inhibition and removal strategies to be implemented in the concerned oilfield are being derived in a large part from the results of the present study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compatibility%20study" title="compatibility study">compatibility study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=produced%20water" title=" produced water"> produced water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaling" title=" scaling"> scaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20injection" title=" water injection"> water injection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74217/evaluation-of-compatibility-between-produced-and-injected-waters-and-identification-of-the-causes-of-well-plugging-in-a-southern-tunisian-oilfield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Role of Inherited Structures during Inversion Tectonics: An Example from Tunisia, North Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aymen%20Arfaoui">Aymen Arfaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Soumaya"> Abdelkader Soumaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kadri"> Ali Kadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Ben%20Ayed"> Noureddine Ben Ayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Tunisian dorsal backland is located on the Eastern Atlas side of the Maghrebides (North Africa). The analysis of collected field data in the Rouas and Ruissate mountains area allowed us to develop new interpretations for its structural framework. Our kinematic analysis of fault-slip data reveals the presence of an extensional tectonic regime with NE-SW Shmin, characterizing the Mesozoic times. In addition, geophysical data shows that the synsedimentary normal faulting is accompanied by thickness variations of sedimentary sequences and Triassic salt movements. Then, after the Eurasia-Africa plate’s convergence during the Eocene, compressive tectonic deformations affected and reactivated the inherited NW-SE and N-S trending normal faults as dextral strike-slip and reverse faults, respectively. This tectonic inversion, with compression to the transpressional tectonic regime and NW-SE SHmax, continued during the successive shortening phases of the upper Miocene and Quaternary. The geometry of the Rouas and Ruissate belt is expressed as a fault propagation fold, affecting Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits. The Triassic evaporates constitute the decollement levels, facilitating the detachment and deformation of the sedimentary cover. The backland of this thrust belt is defined by NNE-SSW trending imbrication features that are controlled by a basement N-S fault. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20dorsal%20backland" title="Tunisian dorsal backland">Tunisian dorsal backland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20slip%20data%3B%20synsedimentary%20faults" title=" fault slip data; synsedimentary faults"> fault slip data; synsedimentary faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20inversion" title=" tectonic inversion"> tectonic inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decollement%20level" title=" decollement level"> decollement level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20propagation%20fold" title=" fault propagation fold"> fault propagation fold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132980/role-of-inherited-structures-during-inversion-tectonics-an-example-from-tunisia-north-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southern%20Tunisian%20Atlas&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southern%20Tunisian%20Atlas&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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