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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Freeform CAD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freeform_CAD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Software-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Software subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-License_management_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#License_management_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>License management software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-License_management_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_software_packages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_software_packages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of software packages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_software_packages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of software packages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_software_packages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Commercial software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open-source_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open-source_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Open-source software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open-source_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freeware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freeware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Freeware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freeware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CAD_kernels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CAD_kernels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>CAD kernels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CAD_kernels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Computer-aided design</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenaargesteunde_ontwerp" title="Rekenaargesteunde ontwerp – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rekenaargesteunde ontwerp" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8" title="تصميم بمساعدة حاسوب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصميم بمساعدة حاسوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtomatla%C5%9Fd%C4%B1r%C4%B1lm%C4%B1%C5%9F_layih%C9%99l%C9%99ndirm%C9%99_sisteml%C9%99ri" title="Avtomatlaşdırılmış layihələndirmə sistemləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avtomatlaşdırılmış layihələndirmə sistemləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="কম্পিউটার-এইডেড ডিজাইন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কম্পিউটার-এইডেড ডিজাইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-n%C3%A1u_h%C3%BA-ch%C5%8D%CD%98_siat-k%C3%A8" title="Tiān-náu hú-chō͘ siat-kè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-náu hú-chō͘ siat-kè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Компютърно проектиране – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Компютърно проектиране" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD" title="CAD – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="CAD" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseny_assistit_per_ordinador" title="Disseny assistit per ordinador – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Disseny assistit per ordinador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_aided_design" title="Computer aided design – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Computer aided design" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerst%C3%B8ttet_design" title="Computerstøttet design – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Computerstøttet design" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD" title="CAD – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="CAD" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raalprojekteerimine" title="Raalprojekteerimine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raalprojekteerimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dise%C3%B1o_asistido_por_computadora" title="Diseño asistido por computadora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diseño asistido por computadora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenagailuz_lagundutako_diseinu" title="Ordenagailuz lagundutako diseinu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ordenagailuz lagundutako diseinu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="طراحی به کمک رایانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طراحی به کمک رایانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conception_assist%C3%A9e_par_ordinateur" title="Conception assistée par ordinateur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conception assistée par ordinateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD" title="CAD – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="CAD" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EC%A7%80%EC%9B%90_%EC%84%A4%EA%B3%84" title="컴퓨터 지원 설계 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴퓨터 지원 설계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD" title="CAD – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="CAD" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="कम्प्यूटर-साधित अभिकल्प – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कम्प्यूटर-साधित अभिकल्प" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD" title="CAD – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="CAD" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancangan_dibantu_komputer" title="Perancangan dibantu komputer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perancangan dibantu komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Computer-aided design" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91" title="תכנון בעזרת מחשב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תכנון בעזרת מחשב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8_(CAD)" title="ಗಣಕ ನೆರವಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ (CAD) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣಕ ನೆರವಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ (CAD)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Автоматтандырылған жобалау жүйесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Автоматтандырылған жобалау жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datoriz%C4%93t%C4%81_projekt%C4%93%C5%A1ana" title="Datorizētā projektēšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Datorizētā projektēšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokanisi_%C3%B3yo_es%C3%A1lisam%C3%AD_na_komp%C3%ADta" title="Bokanisi óyo esálisamí na kompíta – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bokanisi óyo esálisamí na kompíta" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Computer-aided design" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ സഹായത്തോടെയുള്ള ഡിസൈൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ സഹായത്തോടെയുള്ള ഡിസൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reka_bentuk_berbantu_komputer" title="Reka bentuk berbantu komputer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Reka bentuk berbantu komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Компьютерын тусламжтай дизайн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Компьютерын тусламжтай дизайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%87%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ ထောက်ကူပြု ဒီဇိုင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ ထောက်ကူပြု ဒီဇိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Computer-aided design" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD" title="CAD – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="CAD" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataassistert_konstruksjon" title="Dataassistert konstruksjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dataassistert konstruksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektowanie_wspomagane_komputerowo" title="Projektowanie wspomagane komputerowo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Projektowanie wspomagane komputerowo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenho_assistido_por_computador" title="Desenho assistido por computador – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Desenho assistido por computador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proiectare_asistat%C4%83_de_calculator" title="Proiectare asistată de calculator – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Proiectare asistată de calculator" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Система автоматизированного проектирования – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Система автоматизированного проектирования" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuafuaga_faakomepiuta/gaosiga_faakomepiuta" title="Fuafuaga faakomepiuta/gaosiga faakomepiuta – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Fuafuaga faakomepiuta/gaosiga faakomepiuta" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Computer-aided design" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektovanie_pomocou_po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8Da" title="Projektovanie pomocou počítača – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Projektovanie pomocou počítača" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalni%C5%A1ko_podprto_na%C4%8Drtovanje" title="Računalniško podprto načrtovanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Računalniško podprto načrtovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%98%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Компјутерски потпомогнуто дизајнирање – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Компјутерски потпомогнуто дизајнирање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietokoneavusteinen_suunnittelu" title="Tietokoneavusteinen suunnittelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietokoneavusteinen suunnittelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datorst%C3%B6dd_konstruktion" title="Datorstödd konstruktion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Datorstödd konstruktion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கணினி உதவு வடிவமைப்பும் வரைதலும் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கணினி உதவு வடிவமைப்பும் வரைதலும்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8" title="కంప్యూటర్ ఆధారిత రూపకల్పన – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కంప్యూటర్ ఆధారిత రూపకల్పన" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2" title="การออกแบบใช้คอมพิวเตอร์ช่วย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การออกแบบใช้คอมพิวเตอร์ช่วย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgisayar_destekli_tasar%C4%B1m" title="Bilgisayar destekli tasarım – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilgisayar destekli tasarım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Система автоматизованого проєктування і розрахунку – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система автоматизованого проєктування і розрахунку" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="کمپیوٹر امدادی ڈیزائن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمپیوٹر امدادی ڈیزائن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD_(tin_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="CAD (tin học) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="CAD (tin học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="计算机辅助设计 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="计算机辅助设计" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="電腦輔助設計 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電腦輔助設計" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="计算机辅助设计 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="计算机辅助设计" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184793#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"CAD" and "CADD" redirect here. For the currency, see <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cad (disambiguation)">Cad (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/CADD_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="CADD (disambiguation)">CADD (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schneckengetriebe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Schneckengetriebe.png/220px-Schneckengetriebe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Schneckengetriebe.png/330px-Schneckengetriebe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Schneckengetriebe.png/440px-Schneckengetriebe.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1670" /></a><figcaption>A 2D CAD drawing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cad_crank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cad_crank.jpg/220px-Cad_crank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cad_crank.jpg/330px-Cad_crank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cad_crank.jpg/440px-Cad_crank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A 3D CAD model</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Computer-aided design</b> (<b>CAD</b>) is the use of <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a> (or <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="[[workstation]]s"></span><span id="WORKSTATION"></span><span class="vanchor-text"><a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstations</a></span></span>) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Narayan_2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narayan_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> This software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-Narayan_2008_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narayan_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> Designs made through CAD software help protect products and inventions when used in <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> applications. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, <a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">machining</a>, or other manufacturing operations. The terms <b>computer-aided drafting</b> (<b>CAD</b>) and <b>computer-aided design and drafting</b> (<b>CADD</b>) are also used.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its use in designing electronic systems is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">electronic design automation</a></i> (<i>EDA</i>). In <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical design">mechanical design</a> it is known as <i>mechanical design automation</i> (<i>MDA</i>), which includes the process of creating a <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">technical drawing</a> with the use of <a href="/wiki/Computer_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer software">computer software</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CAD software for mechanical design uses either <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector-based graphics</a> to depict the objects of traditional drafting, or may also produce <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</a> showing the overall appearance of designed objects. However, it involves more than just shapes. As in the manual <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/drafting" class="extiw" title="wikt:drafting">drafting</a> of <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">technical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">engineering drawings</a>, the output of CAD must convey information, such as <a href="/wiki/Material" title="Material">materials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturing process">processes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimension" title="Dimension">dimensions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Engineering_tolerance" title="Engineering tolerance">tolerances</a>, according to application-specific conventions. </p><p>CAD may be used to design curves and figures in <a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">two-dimensional</a> (2D) space; or curves, <a href="/wiki/Computer_representation_of_surfaces" title="Computer representation of surfaces">surfaces</a>, and solids in <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">three-dimensional</a> (3D) space.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 71, 106">: 71, 106 </span></sup> </p><p>CAD is an important <a href="/wiki/Industrial_arts" title="Industrial arts">industrial art</a> extensively used in many applications, including <a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> industries, industrial and <a href="/wiki/Architectural_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural design">architectural design</a> (<a href="/wiki/Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">building information modeling</a>), <a href="/wiki/Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">prosthetics</a>, and many more. CAD is also widely used to produce <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">computer animation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">special effects</a> in movies, <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> and technical manuals, often called DCC <a href="/wiki/Digital_content_creation" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital content creation">digital content creation</a>. The modern ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by engineers of the 1960s. Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major driving force for research in <a href="/wiki/Computational_geometry" title="Computational geometry">computational geometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a> (both hardware and software), and <a href="/wiki/Discrete_differential_geometry" title="Discrete differential geometry">discrete differential geometry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The design of <a href="/wiki/Geometric_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometric model">geometric models</a> for object shapes, in particular, is occasionally called <b>computer-aided geometric design</b> (<b>CAGD</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div> <p>Computer-aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question. </p><p>CAD is one part of the whole digital product development (DPD) activity within the <a href="/wiki/Product_lifecycle_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Product lifecycle management">product lifecycle management</a> (PLM) processes, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_engineering" title="Computer-aided engineering">Computer-aided engineering</a> (CAE) and <a href="/wiki/Finite_element_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Finite element analysis">finite element analysis</a> (FEA, FEM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_manufacturing" title="Computer-aided manufacturing">Computer-aided manufacturing</a> (CAM) including instructions to <a href="/wiki/Computer_numerical_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer numerical control">computer numerical control</a> (CNC) machines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealistic_rendering" class="mw-redirect" title="Photorealistic rendering">Photorealistic rendering</a> and motion simulation</li> <li>Document management and <a href="/wiki/Revision_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision control">revision control</a> using <a href="/wiki/Product_data_management" title="Product data management">product data management</a> (PDM)</li></ul> <p>CAD is also used for the accurate creation of photo simulations that are often required in the preparation of environmental impact reports, in which computer-aided designs of intended buildings are superimposed into photographs of existing environments to represent what that locale will be like, where the proposed facilities are allowed to be built. Potential blockage of view corridors and shadow studies are also frequently analyzed through the use of CAD.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison of computer-aided design software</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAD_Modeling.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CAD_Modeling.gif/220px-CAD_Modeling.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CAD_Modeling.gif/330px-CAD_Modeling.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/CAD_Modeling.gif 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>A simple procedure of recreating a solid model out of 2D sketches</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several different types of CAD,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each requiring the operator to think differently about how to use them and design their virtual components in a different manner. Virtually all of CAD tools rely on <a href="/wiki/Constraint_(computer-aided_design)" title="Constraint (computer-aided design)">constraint</a> concepts that are used to define geometric or non-geometric elements of a model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2D_CAD">2D CAD</h3></div> <p>There are many producers of the lower-end 2D sketching systems, including a number of free and open-source programs. These provide an approach to the drawing process where scale and placement on the drawing sheet can easily be adjusted in the final draft as required, unlike in hand drafting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3D_CAD">3D CAD</h3></div> <p><i>3D <a href="/wiki/Wire-frame_model" title="Wire-frame model">wireframe</a></i> is an extension of 2D drafting into a <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">three-dimensional space</a>. Each line has to be manually inserted into the drawing. The final product has no mass properties associated with it and cannot have features directly added to it, such as holes. The operator approaches these in a similar fashion to the 2D systems, although many 3D systems allow using the wireframe model to make the final engineering drawing views. </p><p><i>3D "dumb" solids</i> are created in a way analogous to manipulations of real-world objects. Basic three-dimensional geometric forms (e.g., prisms, cylinders, spheres, or rectangles) have solid volumes added or subtracted from them as if assembling or cutting real-world objects. Two-dimensional projected views can easily be generated from the models. Basic 3D solids do not usually include tools to easily allow the motion of the components, set their limits to their motion, or identify interference between components. </p><p>There are several types of <i>3D <a href="/wiki/Solid_modeling" title="Solid modeling">solid modeling</a></i> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parametric_modeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Parametric modeling">Parametric modeling</a></i> allows the operator to use what is referred to as "design intent". The objects and features are created modifiable. Any future modifications can be made by changing on how the original part was created. If a feature was intended to be located from the center of the part, the operator should locate it from the center of the model. The feature could be located using any geometric object already available in the part, but this random placement would defeat the design intent. If the operator designs the part as it functions, the parametric modeler is able to make changes to the part while maintaining geometric and functional relationships.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explicit_modeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Explicit modeling (page does not exist)">Direct or explicit modeling</a></i> provide the ability to edit geometry without a history tree. With direct modeling, once a sketch is used to create geometry it is incorporated into the new geometry, and the designer only has to modify the geometry afterward without needing the original sketch. As with parametric modeling, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Direct_modeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direct modeling (page does not exist)">direct modeling</a> has the ability to include the relationships between selected geometry (e.g., tangency, concentricity).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assembly_modelling" title="Assembly modelling">Assembly modelling</a></i> is a process which incorporates results of the previous single-part modelling into a final product containing several parts. Assemblies can be hierarchical, depending on the specific CAD software vendor, and highly complex models can be achieved (e.g. in building engineering by using <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_architectural_design" title="Computer-aided architectural design">computer-aided architectural design</a> software)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 539">: 539 </span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freeform_CAD">Freeform CAD</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-surface_intersection_problem" title="Surface-to-surface intersection problem">Surface-to-surface intersection problem</a></div> <p>Top-end CAD systems offer the capability to incorporate more organic, aesthetic and ergonomic features into the designs. <a href="/wiki/Freeform_surface_modelling" title="Freeform surface modelling">Freeform surface modeling</a> is often combined with solids to allow the designer to create products that fit the human form and visual requirements as well as they interface with the machine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Computer-aided_design" title="Special:EditPage/Computer-aided design">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cad_mouse_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cad_mouse_1.svg/220px-Cad_mouse_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cad_mouse_1.svg/330px-Cad_mouse_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cad_mouse_1.svg/440px-Cad_mouse_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption>A CAD model of a <a href="/wiki/Mouse_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse (computing)">computer mouse</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Originally software for CAD systems was developed with computer languages such as <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>, <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> but with the advancement of <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a> methods this has radically changed. Typical modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parametric_feature-based_modeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parametric feature-based modeler (page does not exist)">parametric feature-based modeler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freeform_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeform surface">freeform surface</a> systems are built around a number of key <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> modules with their own <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a>. A CAD system can be seen as built up from the interaction of a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) with <a href="/wiki/NURBS" class="mw-redirect" title="NURBS">NURBS</a> geometry or <a href="/wiki/Boundary_representation" title="Boundary representation">boundary representation</a> (B-rep) data via a <a href="/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel" title="Geometric modeling kernel">geometric modeling kernel</a>. A geometry constraint engine may also be employed to manage the associative relationships between geometry, such as wireframe geometry in a sketch or components in an assembly. </p><p>Unexpected capabilities of these associative relationships have led to a new form of <a href="/wiki/Prototyping" class="mw-redirect" title="Prototyping">prototyping</a> called <a href="/wiki/Digital_prototyping" title="Digital prototyping">digital prototyping</a>. In contrast to physical prototypes, which entail manufacturing time in the design. That said, CAD models can be generated by a computer after the physical prototype has been scanned using an <a href="/wiki/Industrial_CT_scanning" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial CT scanning">industrial CT scanning</a> machine. Depending on the nature of the business, digital or physical prototypes can be initially chosen according to specific needs. </p><p>Today, CAD systems exist for all the major platforms (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>); some packages support multiple platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, no special hardware is required for most CAD software. However, some CAD systems can do graphically and computationally intensive tasks, so a modern <a href="/wiki/Graphics_card" title="Graphics card">graphics card</a>, high speed (and possibly multiple) <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPUs</a> and large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> may be recommended. </p><p>The human-machine interface is generally via a <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">computer mouse</a> but can also be via a pen and digitizing <a href="/wiki/Graphics_tablet" title="Graphics tablet">graphics tablet</a>. Manipulation of the view of the model on the screen is also sometimes done with the use of a <a href="/wiki/3Dconnexion" title="3Dconnexion">Spacemouse/SpaceBall</a>. Some systems also support stereoscopic glasses for <a href="/wiki/Scientific_visualization" title="Scientific visualization">viewing the 3D model</a>. Technologies that in the past were limited to larger installations or specialist applications have become available to a wide group of users. These include the <a href="/wiki/Cave_automatic_virtual_environment" title="Cave automatic virtual environment">CAVE</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">HMDs</a> and interactive <a href="/wiki/Leap_Motion" title="Leap Motion">devices</a> like motion-sensing <a href="/wiki/Kinect" title="Kinect">technology</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drafter_-_1992_-_BLS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Drafter_-_1992_-_BLS.png/220px-Drafter_-_1992_-_BLS.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Drafter_-_1992_-_BLS.png/330px-Drafter_-_1992_-_BLS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Drafter_-_1992_-_BLS.png/440px-Drafter_-_1992_-_BLS.png 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="1053" /></a><figcaption>Drafter at work with CAD. (1992)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_CAD_software" title="History of CAD software">History of CAD software</a></div> <p>Starting with the IBM Drafting System in the mid-1960s, computer-aided design systems began to provide more capabilitties than just an ability to reproduce manual drafting with electronic drafting, and the <a href="/wiki/Cost%E2%80%93benefit_analysis" title="Cost–benefit analysis">cost-benefit</a> for companies to switch to CAD became apparent. The software automated many tasks that are taken for granted from computer systems today, such as automated generation of <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_materials" title="Bill of materials">bills of materials</a>, auto layout in <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated circuits">integrated circuits</a>, interference checking, and many others. Eventually, CAD provided the designer with the ability to perform engineering calculations.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this transition, calculations were still performed either by hand or by those individuals who could run computer programs. CAD was a revolutionary change in the engineering industry, where draftsman, designer, and engineer roles that had previously been separate began to merge. CAD is an example of the pervasive effect computers were beginning to have on the industry. Current computer-aided design software packages range from 2D <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector</a>-based drafting systems to 3D <a href="/wiki/Solid_modeling" title="Solid modeling">solid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freeform_surface_modelling" title="Freeform surface modelling">surface modelers</a>. Modern CAD packages can also frequently allow rotations in three dimensions, allowing viewing of a designed object from any desired angle, even from the inside looking out.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some CAD software is capable of dynamic mathematical modeling.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CAD technology is used in the design of tools and machinery and in the drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small residential types (houses) to the largest commercial and industrial structures (hospitals and factories).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CAD is mainly used for detailed design of 3D models or 2D drawings of physical components, but it is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies to definition of manufacturing methods of components. It can also be used to design objects such as jewelry, furniture, appliances, etc. Furthermore, many CAD applications now offer advanced rendering and animation capabilities so engineers can better visualize their product designs. <a href="/wiki/4D_BIM" class="mw-redirect" title="4D BIM">4D BIM</a> is a type of virtual construction engineering simulation incorporating time or schedule-related information for project management. </p><p>CAD has become an especially important technology within the scope of <a href="/wiki/CAx" class="mw-redirect" title="CAx">computer-aided technologies</a>, with benefits such as lower product development costs and a greatly shortened <a href="/wiki/Systems_development_life_cycle#Design" title="Systems development life cycle">design cycle</a>. CAD enables designers to layout and develop work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing, saving time on their drawings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="License_management_software">License management software</h3></div> <p>In the 2000s, some CAD system software vendors shipped their distributions with a dedicated license manager software that controlled how often or how many users can utilize the CAD system.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 166">: 166 </span></sup> It could run either on a local machine (by loading from a local storage device) or a local <a href="/wiki/File_server" title="File server">network fileserver</a> and was usually tied to a specific IP address in latter case.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 166">: 166 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_software_packages">List of software packages</h2></div> <p>CAD software enables engineers and architects to design, inspect and manage engineering projects within an integrated <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) on a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> system. Most applications support <a href="/wiki/Solid_modeling" title="Solid modeling">solid modeling</a> with <a href="/wiki/Boundary_representation" title="Boundary representation">boundary representation</a> (B-Rep) and <a href="/wiki/NURBS" class="mw-redirect" title="NURBS">NURBS</a> geometry, and enable the same to be published in a variety of formats.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Based on market statistics, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">commercial software</a> from Autodesk, <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Syst%C3%A8mes" title="Dassault Systèmes">Dassault Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens_PLM_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens PLM Software">Siemens PLM Software</a>, and PTC dominate the CAD industry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following is a list of major CAD applications, grouped by usage statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-bm_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bm-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_software">Commercial software</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABViewer" title="ABViewer">ABViewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC3D" title="AC3D">AC3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibre_Design" title="Alibre Design">Alibre Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArchiCAD" class="mw-redirect" title="ArchiCAD">ArchiCAD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Graphisoft" title="Graphisoft">Graphisoft</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoTURN" title="AutoTURN">AutoTURN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AxSTREAM" title="AxSTREAM">AxSTREAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BricsCAD" title="BricsCAD">BricsCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CATIA" title="CATIA">CATIA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dassault_Syst%C3%A8mes" title="Dassault Systèmes">Dassault Systèmes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_(CAD_program)" title="Cobalt (CAD program)">Cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelCAD" title="CorelCAD">CorelCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAGLE_(program)" title="EAGLE (program)">EAGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_360" title="Fusion 360">Fusion 360</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntelliCAD" title="IntelliCAD">IntelliCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Inventor" title="Autodesk Inventor"> Inventor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRONCAD" title="IRONCAD">IRONCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">KeyCreator</a> (Kubotek)</li> <li>Landscape Express</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEDUSA4" title="MEDUSA4">MEDUSA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStation" title="MicroStation">MicroStation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bentley_Systems" title="Bentley Systems">Bentley Systems</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modelur" title="Modelur">Modelur</a> (AgiliCity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onshape" title="Onshape">Onshape</a> (<a href="/wiki/PTC_(software_company)" title="PTC (software company)">PTC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_NX" title="Siemens NX">NX</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siemens_Digital_Industries_Software" title="Siemens Digital Industries Software">Siemens Digital Industries Software</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTC_Creo" title="PTC Creo">PTC Creo</a> (successor to <a href="/wiki/Pro/ENGINEER" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro/ENGINEER">Pro/ENGINEER</a>) (<a href="/wiki/PTC_(software_company)" title="PTC (software company)">PTC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PunchCAD" class="mw-redirect" title="PunchCAD">PunchCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remo_3D" title="Remo 3D">Remo 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Revit" title="Autodesk Revit"> Revit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_3D" title="Rhinoceros 3D">Rhinoceros 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SketchUp" title="SketchUp">SketchUp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Edge" title="Solid Edge">Solid Edge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siemens_Digital_Industries_Software" title="Siemens Digital Industries Software">Siemens Digital Industries Software</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLIDWORKS" class="mw-redirect" title="SOLIDWORKS">SOLIDWORKS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dassault_Syst%C3%A8mes" title="Dassault Systèmes">Dassault Systèmes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceClaim" title="SpaceClaim">SpaceClaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-FLEX_CAD" title="T-FLEX CAD">T-FLEX CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TranslateCAD" title="TranslateCAD">TranslateCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboCAD" title="TurboCAD">TurboCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectorworks" title="Vectorworks">Vectorworks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nemetschek" title="Nemetschek">Nemetschek</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open-source_software">Open-source software</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRL-CAD" title="BRL-CAD">BRL-CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeCAD" title="FreeCAD">FreeCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreCAD" title="LibreCAD">LibreCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeoCAD" title="LeoCAD">LeoCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSCAD" title="OpenSCAD">OpenSCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QCAD" title="QCAD">QCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(software)" title="Salome (software)">Salome (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolveSpace" title="SolveSpace">SolveSpace</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freeware">Freeware</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BricsCAD#BricsCAD_Shape" title="BricsCAD">BricsCAD Shape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkercad" title="Tinkercad">Tinkercad</a> (successor to <a href="/wiki/Autodesk_123D" title="Autodesk 123D">Autodesk 123D</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CAD_kernels">CAD kernels</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACIS" title="ACIS">ACIS</a> by (<a href="/wiki/Spatial_Corp" title="Spatial Corp">Spatial Corp</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Syst%C3%A8mes" title="Dassault Systèmes">Dassault Systèmes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D Toolkit</a> by C3D Labs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_CASCADE" class="mw-redirect" title="Open CASCADE">Open CASCADE</a> Open Source</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasolid" title="Parasolid">Parasolid</a> by (<a href="/wiki/Siemens_Digital_Industries_Software" title="Siemens Digital Industries Software">Siemens Digital Industries Software</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShapeManager" title="ShapeManager">ShapeManager</a> by (<a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D computer graphics</a> – Graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a> – Additive process used to make a three-dimensional object</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additive_Manufacturing_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Additive Manufacturing File Format">Additive Manufacturing File Format</a> – Open standard for describing objects for additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_art" title="Algorithmic art">Algorithmic art</a> – Art genre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAD_standards" title="CAD standards">CAD standards</a> – Guidelines for the appearance of computer-aided design drawings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)#CAD_library" title="Library (computing)">CAD library</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a> based <a href="/wiki/Software_repository" title="Software repository">repository</a> of <a href="/wiki/3D_modeling" title="3D modeling">3D models</a> or parts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coarse_space_(numerical_analysis)" title="Coarse space (numerical analysis)">Coarse space (numerical analysis)</a> – reduced representation of a numerical problem<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_3D_computer_graphics_software" title="Comparison of 3D computer graphics software">Comparison of 3D computer graphics software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_CAD,_CAM,_and_CAE_file_viewers" title="Comparison of CAD, CAM, and CAE file viewers">Comparison of CAD, CAM, and CAE file viewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison of computer-aided design software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_EDA_software" title="Comparison of EDA software">Comparison of EDA software</a> (electronic design automation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">Computer-aided industrial design</a> – Subset of computer-aided design</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_architecture" title="Digital architecture">Digital architecture</a> – Architecture using digital technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_twin" title="Digital twin">Digital twin</a> – Digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a> – Software for designing electronic systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_optimization" title="Engineering optimization">Engineering optimization</a> – Techniques for optimization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finite_element_method" title="Finite element method">Finite element method</a> – Numerical method for solving physical or engineering problems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-form_select" title="Free-form select">Free-form select</a> – Printmaking and design technique</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">ISO 128</a> – International standard about the graphical representation of objects on technical drawings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">ISO 10303</a> – ISO standard (STEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer-aided_engineering_software" title="List of computer-aided engineering software">List of computer-aided engineering software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-based_definition" title="Model-based definition">Model-based definition</a> – Annotating computer-aided design models</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_design_software" title="Molecular design software">Molecular design software</a> – CAD software for molecular-level engineering, modelling, and analysis<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a> – Hardware from the open-design movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prototyping" title="Rapid prototyping">Rapid prototyping</a> – Group of techniques to quickly construct physical objects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsive_computer-aided_design" title="Responsive computer-aided design">Responsive computer-aided design</a> – Approach to computer-aided design</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_mapping" title="Space mapping">Space mapping</a> – Design optimization methodology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_model" title="Surrogate model">Surrogate model</a> – Engineering model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_integration" title="System integration">System integration</a> – Bringing together component sub-systems into one system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_prototyping" title="Virtual prototyping">Virtual prototyping</a> – Computer-simulated prototype development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a> – Computer-simulated experience</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Narayan_2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan_2008_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan_2008_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNarayan2008" class="citation book cs1">Narayan, K. Lalit (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zXdivq93WIUC"><i>Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing</i></a>. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120333420" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120333420"><bdi>978-8120333420</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computer+Aided+Design+and+Manufacturing&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+of+India&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-8120333420&rft.aulast=Narayan&rft.aufirst=K.+Lalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzXdivq93WIUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuggal2000" class="citation book cs1">Duggal, Vijay (2000). <i>Cadd Primer: A General Guide to Computer Aided Design and Drafting-Cadd, CAD</i>. Mailmax Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0962916595" title="Special:BookSources/978-0962916595"><bdi>978-0962916595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cadd+Primer%3A+A+General+Guide+to+Computer+Aided+Design+and+Drafting-Cadd%2C+CAD&rft.pub=Mailmax+Pub&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0962916595&rft.aulast=Duggal&rft.aufirst=Vijay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadsen2012" class="citation book cs1">Madsen, David A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qdtJDEPZrrkC&pg=PA2"><i>Engineering Drawing & Design</i></a>. Clifton Park, New York: Delmar. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1111309572" title="Special:BookSources/978-1111309572"><bdi>978-1111309572</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+Drawing+%26+Design&rft.place=Clifton+Park%2C+New+York&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Delmar&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1111309572&rft.aulast=Madsen&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqdtJDEPZrrkC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarin,_GeraldHoschek,_JosefKim,_Myung-Soo2002" class="citation book cs1">Farin, Gerald; Hoschek, Josef; Kim, Myung-Soo (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0SV5G8fgxLoC"><i>Handbook of computer aided geometric design [electronic resource]</i></a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-51104-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-444-51104-1"><bdi>978-0-444-51104-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+computer+aided+geometric+design+%5Belectronic+resource%5D&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-444-51104-1&rft.au=Farin%2C+Gerald&rft.au=Hoschek%2C+Josef&rft.au=Kim%2C+Myung-Soo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0SV5G8fgxLoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schoonmaker2003-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schoonmaker2003_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoonmaker2003" class="citation book cs1">Schoonmaker, Stephen J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50868192"><i>The CAD guidebook : a basic manual for understanding and improving computer-aided design</i></a>. New York: Marcel Dekker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8247-0871-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8247-0871-7"><bdi>0-8247-0871-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50868192">50868192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+CAD+guidebook+%3A+a+basic+manual+for+understanding+and+improving+computer-aided+design&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50868192&rft.isbn=0-8247-0871-7&rft.aulast=Schoonmaker&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F50868192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pottmann, H.; Brell-Cokcan, S. and Wallner, J. (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geometrie.tuwien.ac.at/ig/sn/2007/pbw_surfaces_07/pbw_surfaces_07.html">"Discrete surfaces for architectural design"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090812113324/http://www.geometrie.tuwien.ac.at/ig/sn/2007/pbw_surfaces_07/pbw_surfaces_07.html">Archived</a> 2009-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp. 213–234 in <i>Curve and Surface Design</i>, Patrick Chenin, Tom Lyche and Larry L. Schumaker (eds.), Nashboro Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9728482-7-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9728482-7-5">978-0-9728482-7-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farin, Gerald (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farinhansford.com/books/cagd/"><i>Curves and Surfaces for CAGD: A Practical Guide</i></a>, Morgan-Kaufmann, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55860-737-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55860-737-4">1-55860-737-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/computer-aided-design-cad-and-computer-aided-cam.html">"Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)"</a>. <i>Inc.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://engineershandbook.com/Software/cad2.htm#3dp">the original</a> on 2012-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EngineersHandbook.com&rft.atitle=3D+Feature-based%2C+Parametric+Solid+Modeling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fengineershandbook.com%2FSoftware%2Fcad2.htm%233dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStroudNagy2011" class="citation book cs1">Stroud, Ian; Nagy, Hildegarde (2011). <i>Solid modelling and CAD systems: how to survive a CAD system</i>. London New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85729-259-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85729-259-9"><bdi>978-0-85729-259-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solid+modelling+and+CAD+systems%3A+how+to+survive+a+CAD+system&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-85729-259-9&rft.aulast=Stroud&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Nagy%2C+Hildegarde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computertechreviews.com/definition/cad-workstation/">"What is a CAD Workstation? Definition, Uses and More"</a>. <i>Computer Tech Reviews</i>. 2019-11-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+Tech+Reviews&rft.atitle=What+is+a+CAD+Workstation%3F+Definition%2C+Uses+and+More&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computertechreviews.com%2Fdefinition%2Fcad-workstation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Herron2010" class="citation web cs1">Jennifer Herron (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www10.mcadcafe.com/nbc/articles/2/867959/3D-Model-Based-Design-Setting-Definitions-Straight">"3D Model-Based Design: Setting the Definitions Straight"</a>. MCADCafe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3D+Model-Based+Design%3A+Setting+the+Definitions+Straight&rft.pub=MCADCafe&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Jennifer+Herron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww10.mcadcafe.com%2Fnbc%2Farticles%2F2%2F867959%2F3D-Model-Based-Design-Setting-Definitions-Straight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caewatch.com/the-big-6-in-cadcaeplm-software-industry-2011/">The Big 6 in CAD/CAE/PLM software industry (2011)</a>, CAEWatch, September 12, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Kooten2011" class="citation web cs1">van Kooten, Michel (2011-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.softwaretop100.org/global-software-top-100-edition-2011">"GLOBAL SOFTWARE TOP 100 – EDITION 2011"</a>. <i>Software Top 100</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Software+Top+100&rft.atitle=GLOBAL+SOFTWARE+TOP+100+%E2%80%93+EDITION+2011&rft.date=2011-08-23&rft.aulast=van+Kooten&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.softwaretop100.org%2Fglobal-software-top-100-edition-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComputer-aided+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bm-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bm_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beyondmech.com/pro-e/cad-topic-33.html">List of mechanical 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Alias">Autodesk Alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Inventor" title="Autodesk Inventor">Autodesk Inventor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Revit" title="Autodesk Revit">Autodesk Revit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoTURN" title="AutoTURN">AutoTURN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BricsCAD" title="BricsCAD">BricsCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CATIA" title="CATIA">CATIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimatron" title="Cimatron">Cimatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_(CAD_program)" title="Cobalt (CAD program)">Cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTC_Creo_Elements/Direct_Drafting" title="PTC Creo Elements/Direct Drafting">Creo Elements/Direct Drafting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creo_Parametric" title="Creo Parametric">Creo Parametric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesignSpark_Mechanical" title="DesignSpark Mechanical">DesignSpark Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastCAD" title="FastCAD">FastCAD</a> (EasyCAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FINE_MEP" title="FINE MEP">FINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FORAN_System" title="FORAN System">FORAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_360" title="Fusion 360">Fusion 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GstarCAD" title="GstarCAD">GstarCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRONCAD" title="IRONCAD">IRONCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">KeyCreator</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/CADKEY" title="CADKEY">CADKEY</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEDUSA4" title="MEDUSA4">MEDUSA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStation" title="MicroStation">MicroStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_NX" title="Siemens NX">NX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onshape" title="Onshape">Onshape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDMS_(software)" title="PDMS (software)">PDMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro/DESKTOP" title="Pro/DESKTOP">Pro/DESKTOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_3D" title="Rhinoceros 3D">Rhinoceros 3D</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_3D" title="Grasshopper 3D">Grasshopper 3D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RattleCAD#Source_closing" title="RattleCAD">rattleCAD 4.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapr3D" title="Shapr3D">Shapr3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Edge" title="Solid Edge">Solid Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonata_(building_design_software)" title="Sonata (building design software)">Sonata</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/RUCAPS" title="RUCAPS">RUCAPS</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceClaim" title="SpaceClaim">SpaceClaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-FLEX_CAD" title="T-FLEX CAD">T-FLEX CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkercad" title="Tinkercad">Tinkercad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboCAD" title="TurboCAD">TurboCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VariCAD" title="VariCAD">VariCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZWCAD" title="ZWCAD">ZWCAD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electrical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegro (CAD software)">Allegro</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/OrCAD" title="OrCAD">OrCAD</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altium_Designer" title="Altium Designer">Altium Designer</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Altium#History" title="Altium">Protel</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Autotrax" title="Autotrax">Autotrax</a></i> (<i>Easytrax</i>, <i>Tango PCB</i>)), <i><a href="/wiki/P-CAD" title="P-CAD">P-CAD</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a> Electrical</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentor_Graphics" title="Mentor Graphics">BoardStation, IntegraStation, PADS, Xpedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CADSTAR" title="CADSTAR">CADSTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CircuitMaker" title="CircuitMaker">CircuitMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuken" title="Zuken">CR-2000, CR-3000</a>, <a href="/wiki/CR-5000" title="CR-5000">CR-5000</a>, <a href="/wiki/CR-8000" title="CR-8000">CR-8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesignSpark_PCB" title="DesignSpark PCB">DesignSpark PCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DipTrace" title="DipTrace">DipTrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAGLE_(program)" title="EAGLE (program)">EAGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyEDA" title="EasyEDA">EasyEDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTspice" title="LTspice">LTspice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Micro-Cap" title="Micro-Cap">Micro-Cap</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_Multisim" title="NI Multisim">Multisim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCB_(software)" title="PCB (software)">PCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_Design_Suite" title="Proteus Design Suite">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsonix" title="Pulsonix">Pulsonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a> Electrical</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TARGET_(CAD_software)" title="TARGET (CAD software)">TARGET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopoR" title="TopoR">TopoR</a> (<a href="/wiki/TopoR#Features" title="TopoR">Delta Design</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/TopoR#History" title="TopoR">FreeStyle</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_Ultiboard" title="NI Ultiboard">Ultiboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upverter" title="Upverter">Upverter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">File formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_Manufacturing_Format" title="3D Manufacturing Format">3MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACIS#File_format" title="ACIS">ACIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additive_manufacturing_file_format" title="Additive manufacturing file format">AMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">CKD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specctra" title="Specctra">DSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Web_Format" title="Design Web Format">DWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Packaging_Conventions" title="Open Packaging Conventions">DWFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dwg" title=".dwg">DWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavefront_.obj_file" title="Wavefront .obj file">OBJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">OpenDWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLY_(file_format)" title="PLY (file format)">PLY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrCAD#OrCAD_PSpice" title="OrCAD">PSpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specctra" title="Specctra">SES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">STEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STL_(file_format)" title="STL (file format)">STL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel" title="Geometric modeling kernel">Modeling<br />kernels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACIS" title="ACIS">ACIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Geometric_Kernel" title="Digital Geometric Kernel">Digital Geometric Kernel</a> (<i>KernelCAD</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntelliCAD" title="IntelliCAD">IntelliCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Cascade_Technology" title="Open Cascade Technology">Open Cascade Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">Open Design Alliance</a> (<i>Teigha</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_(modelling_kernel)" title="Romulus (modelling kernel)">Romulus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parasolid" title="Parasolid">Parasolid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Geometric_Kernel" title="Russian Geometric Kernel">RGK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShapeManager" title="ShapeManager">ShapeManager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Modeling_Solutions" title="Solid Modeling Solutions">SMLib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DAC-1" title="DAC-1">DAC-1</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNISURF" title="UNISURF">UNISURF</a> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> <b>= discontinued</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">Computer-aided industrial design</a> • <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_CAD_software" title="History of CAD software">History</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Building_information_modeling_(BIM)417" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Building_information_modeling" title="Template:Building information modeling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Building_information_modeling" title="Template talk:Building information modeling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Building_information_modeling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Building information modeling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Building_information_modeling_(BIM)417" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">Building information modeling</a> (BIM)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemetschek" title="Nemetschek">Allplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archicad" title="Archicad">Archicad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Revit" title="Autodesk Revit">Autodesk Revit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BricsCAD" title="BricsCAD">BricsCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwork" title="Cadwork">cadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CodeBook" title="CodeBook">CodeBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Design_System" title="Data Design System">DDS-CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Project" title="Digital Project">Digital Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FINE_MEP" title="FINE MEP">FINE MEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeCAD" title="FreeCAD">FreeCAD</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStation" title="MicroStation">MicroStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navisworks" title="Navisworks">Navisworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStudio" title="OpenStudio">OpenStudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFEM" title="RFEM">RFEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekla" title="Tekla">Tekla</a> BIMsight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekla_Structures" title="Tekla Structures">Tekla Structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimble_SketchUp" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimble SketchUp">Trimble SketchUp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectorworks" title="Vectorworks">Vectorworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisualARQ" title="VisualARQ">VisualARQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gable_CAD" title="Gable CAD">Gable CAD</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reflex_(building_design_software)" title="Reflex (building design software)">Reflex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RUCAPS" title="RUCAPS">RUCAPS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonata_(building_design_software)" title="Sonata (building design software)">Sonata</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Systems" title="Bentley Systems">Bentley Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BuildingSMART" title="BuildingSMART">BuildingSMART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwork_informatik_AG" title="Cadwork informatik AG">Cadwork informatik AG</a></li> <li>Glodon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAITEC" title="GRAITEC">GRAITEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetschek" title="Nemetschek">Nemetschek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_Design_System" title="Data Design System">Data Design System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphisoft" title="Graphisoft">Graphisoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectorworks" title="Vectorworks">Vectorworks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">Open Design Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimble_Navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimble Navigation">Trimble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tekla" title="Tekla">Tekla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_modeling" title="3D modeling">3D BIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4D_BIM" class="mw-redirect" title="4D BIM">4D BIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5D_BIM" class="mw-redirect" title="5D BIM">5D BIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6D_BIM" class="mw-redirect" title="6D BIM">6D BIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIM_Task_Group" title="BIM Task Group">BIM Task Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Digital_Built_Britain" title="Centre for Digital Built Britain">Centre for Digital Built Britain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Computer-aided design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBie" title="COBie">COBie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel" title="Geometric modeling kernel">Geometric modeling kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Foundation_Classes" title="Industry Foundation Classes">Industry Foundation Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIM_Collaboration_Format" title="BIM Collaboration Format">BIM Collaboration Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raster_image_processor" title="Raster image processor">Raster image processor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> <b>= discontinued</b> • <b>° = <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></b><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_BIM_software" title="List of BIM software">List: software</a></b> • <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Building_information_modeling" title="Category:Building information modeling">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Design931" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Design" title="Template:Design"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Design" title="Template talk:Design"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Design" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Design"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Design931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_design" title="Outline of design">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer" title="Designer">Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disciplines931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disciplines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">Communication<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">Exhibit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_title_design" title="Film title design">Film title design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_graphic_design" title="Motion graphic design">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp_design" title="Postage stamp design">Postage stamp design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_design" title="Print design">Print design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_design" title="News design">News design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_design" title="Retail design">Retail design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signage" title="Signage">Signage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign_design" title="Traffic sign design">Traffic sign design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> / <a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_merchandising" title="Visual merchandising">Visual merchandising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">Environmental<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">Architectural lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_design" title="Building design">Building design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">Passive solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_design" title="Environmental impact design">Environmental impact design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">Computer-aided</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_community_design" title="Healthy community design">Healthy community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_design" title="Hotel design">Hotel design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_interior_design" title="Experiential interior design">EID</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyline_design" title="Keyline design">Keyline design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">Landscape design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">Spatial design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Industrial<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_suspension_design_process" title="Automotive suspension design process">Automotive suspension design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMF_design" title="CMF design">CMF design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar_design" title="Electric guitar design">Electric guitar design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_furniture_design" title="Sustainable furniture design">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_design" title="Motorcycle design">Motorcycle design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_and_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labeling">Packaging and labeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_lens_design" title="Photographic lens design">Photographic lens design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_design" title="Product design">Product design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_design" title="Sensory design">Sensory design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interaction_design" title="Interaction design">Interaction<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experience_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experience design">Experience design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employee_experience_design" title="Employee experience design">EED</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Video game design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_design" title="Icon design">Icon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_design" title="Immersive design">Immersive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_interaction_design" title="Sonic interaction design">Sonic interaction design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">glass design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_design" title="Costume design">Costume design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design" title="Game art design">Game art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Property designer">Property design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_design" title="Lighting design">Stage/set lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_design" title="Textile design">Textile design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />design<br />& <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithm_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithm design">Algorithm design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">Behavioural design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_design" title="Boiler design">Boiler design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_design" title="Database design">Database design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_design" title="Drug design">Drug design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_system_design" title="Electrical system design">Electrical system design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">Experimental design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_design" title="Filter design">Filter design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_design" title="Geometric design">Geometric design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_design" title="Work design">Work design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_design" title="Integrated circuit design">Integrated circuit design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_design" title="Circuit design">Circuit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_design_(electronics)" title="Physical design (electronics)">Physical design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_network_design_(IC)" title="Power network design (IC)">Power network design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">Nuclear weapon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_design" title="Nucleic acid design">Nucleic acid design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Organization design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_design" title="Process design">Process design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_design" title="Processor design">Processor design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_design" title="Protein design">Protein design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_design" title="Research design">Research design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_design" title="Social design">Social design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_design" title="Spacecraft design">Spacecraft design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_design" title="Systems design">Systems design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Approaches931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Approaches</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity-centered_design" title="Activity-centered design">Activity-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_web_design" title="Adaptive web design">Adaptive web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_design" title="Affective design">Affective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">Brainstorming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_committee" title="Design by committee">By committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_contract" title="Design by contract">By contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-K_theory" title="C-K theory">C-K theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_closure" title="Design closure">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Co-design</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concept-oriented_design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concept-oriented design (page does not exist)">Concept-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Configuration_design" title="Configuration design">Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contextual_design" title="Contextual design">Contextual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_design" title="Continuous design">Continuous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle-to-cradle_design" title="Cradle-to-cradle design">Cradle-to-cradle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_problem-solving" title="Creative problem-solving">Creative problem-solving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_fiction" title="Design fiction">Design fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_design" title="Defensive design">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect-led_design%E2%80%93build" class="mw-redirect" title="Architect-led design–build">architect-led</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_design" title="Diffuse design">Diffuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-driven_design" title="Domain-driven design">Domain-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_neutral_design" title="Energy neutral design">Energy neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_design_process" title="Engineering design process">Engineering design process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Probabilistic_design" title="Probabilistic design">Probabilistic design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error-tolerant_design" title="Error-tolerant design">Error-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fault-tolerant_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-tolerant design">Fault-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework-oriented_design" title="Framework-oriented design">Framework-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_assembly" title="Design for assembly">For assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">For behaviour change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_manufacturability" title="Design for manufacturability">For manufacturability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Six_Sigma" title="Design for Six Sigma">For Six Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_testing" title="Design for testing">For testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_X" title="Design for X">For X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_design" title="Functional design">Functional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_design" title="Generative design">Generative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesign" title="Geodesign">Geodesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-centered_design" title="Human-centered design">HCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_design" title="High-level design">High-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_design" title="Inclusive design">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_design" title="Integrated design">Integrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_topside_design" title="Integrated topside design">Integrated topside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence-based_design" title="Intelligence-based design">Intelligence-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_design" title="Iterative design">Iterative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KISS_principle" title="KISS principle">KISS principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-level_design" title="Low-level design">Low-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadesign" title="Metadesign">Metadesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_map" title="Mind map">Mind mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_design" title="Modular design">Modular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(design)" title="New Wave (design)">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented design">Object-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametric_design" title="Parametric design">Parametric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform-based_design" title="Platform-based design">Platform-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy-based_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy-based design">Policy-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process-centered_design" title="Process-centered design">Process-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest_design" title="Public interest design">Public interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_design" title="Rational design">Rational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenerative_design" title="Regenerative design">Regenerative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research-based_design" title="Research-based design">Research-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsibility-driven_design" title="Responsibility-driven design">Responsibility-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">RWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe-life_design" title="Safe-life design">Safe-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_design" title="Systemic design">Systemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems-oriented_design" title="Systems-oriented design">SOD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableless_web_design" title="Tableless web design">Tableless web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_constraints" title="Theory of constraints">Theory of constraints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">Top-down and bottom-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_design" title="Transformation design">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_design" title="Transgenerational design">Transgenerational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIZ" title="TRIZ">TRIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_design" title="Universal design">Universal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_All_(in_ICT)" title="Design for All (in ICT)">Design for All</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage-centered_design" title="Usage-centered design">Usage-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use-centered_design" title="Use-centered design">Use-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">User-centered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empathic_design" title="Empathic design">Empathic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_innovation" title="User innovation">User innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value-driven_design" title="Value-driven design">Value-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_sensitive_design" title="Value sensitive design">Value sensitive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_by_design" title="Privacy by design">Privacy by</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_choice" title="Design choice">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_computing" title="Design computing">computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_controls" title="Design controls">controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_culture" title="Design culture">culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_flow_(EDA)" title="Design flow (EDA)">flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_management" title="Design management">management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_marker" title="Design marker">marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_methods" title="Design methods">methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_research" title="Design research">research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_science" title="Design science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_sprint" title="Design sprint">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_theory" title="Design theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">thinking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ToolsIntellectual_propertyOrganizationsAwards931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tools</li><li>Intellectual property</li><li>Organizations</li><li>Awards</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Design_tool" title="Design tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithms-Aided_Design" title="Algorithms-Aided Design">AAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Architectural model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueprint" title="Blueprint">Blueprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_layout" title="Comprehensive layout">Comprehensive layout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">CAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_home_design_software" title="Virtual home design software">Virtual home design software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-automated_design" title="Computer-automated design">CAutoD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_quality_indicator" title="Design quality indicator">Design quality indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">Flowchart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockup" title="Mockup">Mockup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_specification" title="Design specification">Design specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_wireframe" title="Website wireframe">Website wireframe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual<br />property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_design" title="Community design">Community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_around" title="Design around">Design around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_infringement" title="Design infringement">Design infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_patent" title="Design patent">Design patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geschmacksmuster" title="Geschmacksmuster">Geschmacksmuster</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_rights_in_the_European_Union" title="Industrial 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