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class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Brukernavigasjon"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tidlig kristendom</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Språk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Språk</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Tidlig+kristendom&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Overvåk</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tidlig_kristendom&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Rediger</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Tidlig kristendom</b>, også kalt for «oldkirken», eller «den gamle kirken», er en betegnelse på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristendommen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristendommen">kristendommens</a> eldste tid, fra den uformelt ble dannet og fram til den var etablert. Denne tiden dekker løselig tre århundrer, fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/100-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="100-tallet">100-tallet</a> til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/300-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="300-tallet">300-tallet</a> e.Kr., mellom <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesus_Kristus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesus Kristus">Kristi</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korsfestelse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korsfestelse">korsfestelse</a> (år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26">26</a>-<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/36?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="36">36</a> e.Kr.) og fram til det første <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsilet_i_Nikea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsilet i Nikea">konsilet i Nikea</a> i år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/325?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="325">325</a> e.Kr.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Agape_feast_03.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Agape_feast_03.jpg/350px-Agape_feast_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Agape_feast_03.jpg/525px-Agape_feast_03.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Agape_feast_03.jpg/700px-Agape_feast_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="555"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fresko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresko">Fresko</a> som forestiller et <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A5ltid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Måltid">måltid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Siden <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1800-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a> har historikere lært mer om de tidlige kristne samfunnene da hverken <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ritual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ritual">ritualer</a>, bibeltekster, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dogme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dogme">dogmer</a> eller troens innhold var fastlagt. Tidligere tekster av betydning er blant andre <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Didache?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Didache">Didache</a></i> eller <i>De tolv apostlenes lære</i> (fra 100-tallet, men bevart i kopier fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1800-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a>) og <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tomasevangeliet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomasevangeliet">Tomasevangeliet</a></i> (i to manuskripter som er datert så tidlig som mellom <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/200?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="200">200</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/340?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="340">340</a>), en <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apokryfer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apokryfer">apokryf</a> og omdiskuert samling Jesus-<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sitat">sitater</a>, av noen betraktet som jevngammelt med de kanoniske evangeliene, av andre som en <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostisisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gnostisisme">gnostisk</a> versjon av dem, mens noen holder dem for rester av en muntlig overlevering.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Spread_of_Christianity_in_Europe_to_AD_600.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spread_of_Christianity_in_Europe_to_AD_600.png/350px-Spread_of_Christianity_in_Europe_to_AD_600.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spread_of_Christianity_in_Europe_to_AD_600.png/525px-Spread_of_Christianity_in_Europe_to_AD_600.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spread_of_Christianity_in_Europe_to_AD_600.png/700px-Spread_of_Christianity_in_Europe_to_AD_600.png 2x" data-file-width="2285" data-file-height="2181"></a> <figcaption> Kristendommens spredning. Oransje = anslagsvis utbredelse rundt år 325. Gult, inkludert forannevnte område = utbredelse rundt 600. </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Innhold</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Historie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kristendommens_spredning"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Kristendommens spredning</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referanser"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Referanser</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Litteratur"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Litteratur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eksterne_lenker"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Eksterne lenker</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tidlig_kristendom&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>I begynnelsen var den kristne kirke sentrert i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> i et «øvre rom», kanskje i samme bygning som <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_av_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="David av Israel">kong Davids grav</a>; <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fransiskanerordenen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fransiskanerordenen">fransiskanerne</a> måtte i 1452/53 overlate stedet til militante <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muslim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">muslimer</a> som hevdet at kristnes nærvær besudlet kong Davids grav som en bibelsk muslimsk helligdom,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men uansett er påstanden om kong Davids grav i bygningen en tradisjon verken historikere eller troende <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B8der?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jøder">jøder</a> fester lit til i dag. Bygget kalles <i>Cenacle</i> (fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>cenaculum</i>, avledet av <i>cena</i> = middag)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fordi tradisjonen forteller at <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_siste_nattverd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Den siste nattverd">den siste nattverd</a> ble holdt her. Arkeologen Emanuel Eisenbergs utgravning i nabolaget i 1983 påviste at området rundt <i>Cenacle</i> var sammenhengende bebodd fra tidlig <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romertid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romertid">romersk</a> til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ottoman-imperiet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman-imperiet">ottomansk tid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leder for denne urmenigheten i Jerusalem var blant andre <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jakob_den_rettferdige?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jakob den rettferdige">Jesu bror Jakob</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostelen_Peter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostelen Peter">Peter</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelisten_Johannes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evangelisten Johannes">Johannes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Den viktigste hovedkilden til denne apostoliske tidsalder (ca. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30">30</a> – ca. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/100?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="100">100</a>) er <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostlenes_gjerninger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostlenes gjerninger">Apostlenes gjerninger</a></i>, men tekstens historiske nøyaktighet er omstridt. Etter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Misjonsbefalingen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Misjonsbefalingen">misjonsbefalingen</a> ga apostlene seg ut på misjonering, inkludert <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paulus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulus">Paulus</a> fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarsus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarsus">Tarsus</a>, og spredte kristendommen til mange byer i den <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hellenisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hellenisme">hellenistiske</a> verden, som <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiokia_ved_Orontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiokia ved Orontes">Antiokia ved Orontes</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hinson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hinson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og steder utenfor Romerriket.</p> <p>Begrepet «kristen» ble ifølge <i>Apostlenes gjerninger</i> første gang benyttet for medlemmer av kirken i Antiokia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Det_nye_testamente?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Det nye testamente">Det nye testamente</a></i> inkluderte <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paulus%27_brev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulus' brev">brev skrevet av Paulus</a> til kirkene, slike som de i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thessaloniki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korinth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Korinth">Korinth</a>, i løpet av årene 50-62.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tidlige kristne var i utgangspunktet jøder i en jødisk sekt, men omvendelse og misjonering førte til at antallet ikke-jøder økte betydelig, og de første kristne fortsatte den jødiske praksis med ærbødighet for «de jødiske skriftene», det vil si at de benyttet <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septuaginta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septuaginta">Septuaginta</a></i>, den <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gresk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gresk">greske</a> oversettelsen av <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Det_gamle_testamente?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Det gamle testamente">Det gamle testamente</a></i>, og dermed knyttet seg til <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hellenistisk_j%C3%B8dedom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hellenistisk jødedom">hellenistisk jødedom</a>, en annen <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monoteisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monoteisme">monoteistisk</a> retning som var populær på denne tiden. <i>Septuaginta</i> ble benyttet av de som forsto og benyttet <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koin%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koiné">koiné-gresk</a>, men også <i><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Targum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Targum">Targum</a>, Det gamle testamente</i> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arameisk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arameisk">arameisk</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oversettelse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oversettelse">oversettelse</a>, ble brukt av arameisktalende. Etter hvert ble skriftene oversatt til flere språk.</p> <p>I år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/70?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="70">70</a> ble <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Det_andre_tempelet_i_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Det andre tempelet i Jerusalem">Det andre tempelet i Jerusalem</a> ødelagt av romerne, og i tiden rundt år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/135?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="135">135</a> ble jøder forvist fra deres hellige by etter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bar_Kokhba-oppr%C3%B8ret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bar Kokhba-opprøret">Bar Kokhba-opprøret</a>. Blant de som forlot Jerusalem var de fleste i den kristne befolkningen.<sup id="cite_ref-Hinson_7-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hinson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senere har den tidlige kirkehistorikeren <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebius_av_C%C3%A6sarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebius av Cæsarea">Eusebius av Cæsarea</a> nedtegnet at det <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etnisitet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etnisitet">etniske</a> jødiske lederskapet av kirken i Jerusalem (bokstavelig de «av hebraisk avstamming» og «de omskårne») ble erstattet av et lederskap bestående av <i>gentilis</i> (ikke-jøder).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ifølge <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> var disse underbiskoper utpekt av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metropolitt">metropolittbiskoper</a> i den nye hovedstaden <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a> i dagens <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Tilsvarende hadde keiser <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claudius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> utvist jødene fra Roma i år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/49?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="49">49</a>, skjønt <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nero">Nero</a> tillot dem å komme tilbake igjen, men vendte seg ifølge den romerske historikeren <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tacitus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> mot «kristne» etter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brannen_i_Roma_%C3%A5r_64?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brannen i Roma år 64">brannen i Roma år 64</a> som innledet romersk øvrighets kristenforfølgelser.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fox-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er uvisst om romerske myndigheter egentlig skilte mellom kristne og jøder i tiden før keiser <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nerva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nerva">Nervas</a> endring av <i>Fiscus Judaicus</i> (latin for «jødisk skatt») i år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="96">96</a>. Fra da av måtte praktiserende jøder betale skatt – kristne slapp.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Etter hvert som kristendommen spredde seg ytterligere i løpet av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/100-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="100-tallet">100-tallet</a> var de mest kjente uortodokse ledere og skribenter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ireneus_av_Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ireneus av Lyon">Ireneus av Lyon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_12-1" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fox-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polykarpos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polykarpos">Polykarpos</a> fra <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Izmir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Izmir">Smyrna</a>, Ignatius av Antiokia,<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_12-2" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fox-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klemens_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klemens I">Klemens I</a> fra Roma, og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justin_Martyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a>. 100-tallet var også en tid da det stod frem flere som senere ble erklært for å være <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kjetter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjetter">kjettere</a> – som Marcion fra Sinope, Valentinus, og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frygia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frygia">frygieren</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montanisme">Montanus</a> som dannet en kristen retning kalt <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montanisme">montanisme</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Nicaea_icon.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/250px-Nicaea_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="339" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1388"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 339px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/250px-Nicaea_icon.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="339" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/375px-Nicaea_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/500px-Nicaea_icon.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Ikon med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstantin_den_store?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstantin den store">Konstantin den store</a> og biskopene på <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsilet_i_Nikea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsilet i Nikea">konsilet i Nikea</a> i år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/325?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="325">325</a>. Framfor seg holder de opp trosbekjennelsen som senere ble tilpasset gresk liturgi. </figcaption> </figure> <p>I løpet av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/200-tallet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="200-tallet">200-tallet</a> økte de kristne ytterligere i antall, kanskje utgjorde de to % av befolkningen i Romerriket.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_12-3" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fox-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kirkefedre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kirkefedre">Lærere</a> i denne perioden omfattet blant andre <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Origenes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Origenes">Origenes</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertullianus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertullianus">Tertullianus</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord-Afrika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord-Afrika">Nord-Afrika</a> og de uttrykte i sine skrifter doktriner som ble formulert som <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treenigheten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Treenigheten">treenigheten</a>. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonius_den_store?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonius den store">Antonius den store</a>, en kristen leder i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, bidro til utviklingen av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eremitt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eremitt">eremittsamfunn</a> og et <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Askese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Askese">asketisk</a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Munk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Munk">munkevesen</a>. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregor_Lysbringeren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregor Lysbringeren">Gregor Lysbringeren</a> var ansvarlig for at <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> ble det første offisielt kristne landet. I kjølvannet av at keiser <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstantin_den_store?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstantin den store">Konstantin den store</a> valgte å bli kristen like før <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_ved_Pons_Mulvius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaget ved Pons Mulvius">slaget ved Pons Mulvius</a> (<a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ponte_Milvio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ponte Milvio">Ponte Milvio</a>) i år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/312?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="312">312</a>), vedtok Romerriket kristendommen med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milanoediktet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milanoediktet">Milano-ediktet</a> i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/313?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="313">313</a>, slik at kristendommen ble statsreligion i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/380?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="380">380</a> under keiser <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodosius_den_store?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodosius den store">Theodosius den store</a> (se <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ediktet_i_Thessaloniki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ediktet i Thessaloniki">ediktet i Thessaloniki</a>) og til videre fremvekst av kristendommen i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98stromerriket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Østromerriket">Østromerriket</a>.</p> <p>Det som begynte som en bevegelse innenfor <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B8dedom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jødedom">jødedommen</a>, var i slutten av perioden romersk statsreligion, og gjorde seg gjeldende også utenfor Romerriket.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_12-4" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fox-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En alvorlig konkurrent var <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mithras-kulten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mithras-kulten">Mithras-kulten</a>, som delte kristendommens tro på himmel og helvete, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sjel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sjel">sjelens</a> udødelighet, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dommedag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dommedag">dommedag</a> og kampen mellom godt og ondt, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%B8ndag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Søndag">søndag</a> som <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helligdag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helligdag">helligdag</a> og feiring av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25._desember?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25. desember">25. desember</a>. Begge bevegelser gjorde rituelt bruk av <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vievann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vievann">vievann</a>, vokslys og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kirkeklokke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kirkeklokke">klokker</a>. Når Mithras-dyrkelsen tapte, skyldtes det delvis at den utelukket kvinner, og i tillegg manglet en organisering til å lede seg.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kristendommen var også aktivt misjonerende, og nedvurderte andre trosretninger. Med sitt ønske om å bli <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martyr">martyrer</a> var kristne ofte kampvillige i en helt annen grad enn andre. Det første <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsilet_i_Nikea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsilet i Nikea">konsilet i Nikea</a> i år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/325?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="325">325</a> e.Kr. markerte slutten på denne tidsalderen og begynnelsen på de første syv økumeniske konsiler (325-787).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Kristendommens_spredning">Kristendommens spredning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tidlig_kristendom&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kristendommens spredning" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Tidlig kristendom spredde seg fra by til by med <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostlene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostlene">apostlene</a> om reiste hyppig og langt for å stifte menigheter i de største byer og regioner utenfor Romerriket. De første samfunnene utenfor Jerusalem synes å ha oppstått i <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiokia_ved_Orontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiokia ved Orontes">Antiokia</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Efesos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Efesos">Efesos</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korint">Korint</a> og det politiske maktsenter <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a>.</p> <p>De første kirkesamfunnene var grunnlagt av apostlene og andre kristne misjonærer, fra soldater til handelsmenn<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i nordlige <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lilleasia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilleasia">Lilleasia</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Den_arabiske_halv%C3%B8y?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Den arabiske halvøy">Arabia</a>, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hellas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hellas">Hellas</a>, og andre steder.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 40 var etablert ved år <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/100?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="100">100</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mange i Lilleasia, slik som med «de syv kirkene» der. Ved slutten av det første århundret hadde kristendommen allerede spredt seg til Roma, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> og de største byene i Hellas, Lilleasia, og <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syria">Syria</a> som tjente som grunnlag for videre spredning av kristendommen til resten av Romerriket og bortenfor.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tidlig_kristendom&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ordet «Agape» i inskripsjonen har gitt tolkningen at det er en agapefest, det vil si i katolsk praksis, en dåpsfest. Imidlertid er frasen i sammenhengen <i>Agape misce nobis</i> («Agape, bland for oss», det vil si «tilbered vinen for oss»), noe som gjør det mer sannsynlig at Agape er navnet på kvinnen med begeret. En tilsvarende fresko og inskripsjon i den samme <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katakombe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katakombe">katakomben</a> har, på nøyaktig samme sted i fresken, ordene <i>Misce mi Irene</i> («Bland for meg, Irene»). En reproduksjon av denne fresken kan ses i <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hochfeiler.it/centocelle/parco/pietrestoria/catacombe.html"><i>Catacombe dei Ss. Marcellino e Pietro</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118221714/http://www.hochfeiler.it/centocelle/parco/pietrestoria/catacombe.html">Arkivert</a> 18. januar 2010 hos <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., fulgt av en forklaring (på italiensk). Agape, som Irene, må således være navnet på personen som er gravlagt hvor fresken er malt.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Store norske leksikon</i> (2005-07): «Tomasevangeliet» i <i>Store norske leksikon</i> på snl.no. Hentet 14. november 2023 fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://snl.no/Tomasevangeliet">[1]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/tx/Sulayman.htm">Sultan Suleimans vedtak fra 1523 om fransiskanerne</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/jesus-last-supper-tomb-of-david/">Marek Dospel: <i>Did Jesus’ Last Supper Take Place Above the Tomb of David?</i></a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/department/archaeological-views-mount-zions-upper-room-and-tomb-of-david/">David Christian Clausen: <i>Archaeological Views: Mount Zion’s Upper Room and Tomb of David</i></a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://les.norsk-bibel.no/%23">Ap.gj. 2,9, <i>Norskbibel.no</i></a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Hinson-7"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hinson_7-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hinson_7-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> Hinson, E. Glenn: <i>The church triumphant: a history of Christianity up to 1300</i>, Mercer University Press, 1995.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://les.norsk-bibel.no/%23">Ap.gj. 11,26, <i>Norskbibel.no</i></a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-9"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Harris_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Harris, Stephen L.: <i>Understanding the Bible</i>. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Eusebius av Cæsarea: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250104.htm"><i>Historia Ecclesiae</i>, Bok IV, kapitler 5–6</a>. (engelsk)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08355a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Jerusalem (A.D. 71-1099)</a>: «As the rank...»</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-12"><b>^</b> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fox_12-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fox_12-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fox_12-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fox_12-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fox_12-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> Fox, Robin Lane: <i>Pagans and Christians: In the Mediterranean World from the Second Century AD to the Conversion of Constantine</i>, London: Viking, 1986, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780670808489?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0670808489</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Wylen, Stephen M.: <i>The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction</i>, Paulist Press (1995), <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0809136104?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0809136104</a>, ss 190-192.; Dunn, James D.G.: <i>Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, A.D. 70 to 135</i>, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999), <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0802844987?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0802844987</a>, ss 33-34.; Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro & Gargola, Daniel J & Talbert, Richard John Alexander: <i>The Romans: From Village to Empire</i>, Oxford University Press (2004), <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0195118758?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0195118758</a>, s. 426.;</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.perbenny.dk/krist.html">Per Benny Paulsen: <i>Bruddstykker av kristendommens historie</i></a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Franzen, August: <i>Church history, Kirchengeschichte</i>, Herder Freiburg, 1988, s 29.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vidmar: <i>The Catholic Church Through the Ages</i>, (2005), ss. 19–20</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tidlig_kristendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hitchcock: <i>Geography of Religion</i> (2004), s. 281, sitat: «By the year 100, more than 40 Christian communities existed in cities around the Mediterranean, including two in North Africa, at Alexandria and Cyrene, and several in Italy.»</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tidlig_kristendom&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li>Berard, Wayne Daniel (2006): <i>When Christians Were Jews (That Is, Now)</i>. Cowley Publications. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1561012807?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1561012807</a>.</li> <li>Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro & Gargola, Daniel J & Talbert, Richard John Alexander (2004): <i>The Romans: From Village to Empire</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0195118758?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0195118758</a>.</li> <li>Dauphin, C. (1993): «De l'Église de la circoncision à l'Église de la gentilité – sur une nouvelle voie hors de l'impasse». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://198.62.75.1/www1/ofm/sbf/SBFla93.html"><i>Studium Biblicum Franciscanum. Liber Annuus XLIII</i></a>.</li> <li>Dunn, James D. G. (1999): <i>Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, A.D. 70 to 135</i>. s. 33–34. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0802844987?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0802844987</a>.</li> <li>Ehrman, Bart D. (2005): <i>Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why</i>. HarperCollins. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0060738170?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0060738170</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dag_%C3%98istein_Endsj%C3%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dag Øistein Endsjø">Endsjø, Dag Øistein</a> (2009): <i>Greek Resurrection Beliefs and the Success of Christianity.</i> New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</li> <li>Esler, Phillip F. (2004): <i>The Early Christian World</i>. Routledge. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0415333121?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0415333121</a>.</li> <li>Harris, Stephen L. (1985): <i>Understanding the Bible</i>. Mayfield . <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/087484696X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 087484696X</a>.</li> <li>Hunt, Emily Jane (2003): <i>Christianity in the Second Century: The Case of Tatian</i>. Routledge. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0415304059?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0415304059</a>.</li> <li>Keck, Leander E. (1988): <i>Paul and His Letters</i>. Fortress Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0800623401?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0800623401</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pelikan,_Jaroslav_Jan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan">Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan</a> (1975): <i>The Christian Tradition: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100-600)</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0226653714?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0226653714</a>.</li> <li>Pritz, Ray A.(1988): <i>Nazarene Jewish Christianity From the End of the New Testament Period Until Its Disappearance in the Fourth Century</i>. Magnes Press – <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E.J._Brill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="E.J. Brill">E.J. Brill</a>, Jerusalem – Leiden .</li> <li>Richardson, Cyril Charles (1953): <i>Early Christian Fathers</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0664227473?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0664227473</a>.</li> <li>Stark, Rodney (1997):<i>The Rise of Christianity</i>. Harper Collins Pbk. Rediget utg., <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0060677015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0060677015</a></li> <li>Stambaugh, John E. & Balch, David L. (1986): <i>The New Testament in Its Social Environment</i>. John Knox Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0664250122?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0664250122</a>.</li> <li>Tabor, James D. (1998): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/JDTABOR/ebionites.html">«Ancient Judaism: Nazarenes and Ebionites»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610050859/http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/JDTABOR/ebionites.html">Arkivert</a> 10. juni 2010 hos <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>The Jewish Roman World of Jesus</i>. Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.</li> <li>Taylor, Joan E. (1993): <i>Christians and the Holy Places: The Myth of Jewish-Christian Origins</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0198147856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0198147856</a>.</li> <li>Thiede, Carsten Peter (2003): <i>The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Jewish Origins of Christianity</i>. Palgrabe Macmillan. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1403961433?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1403961433</a>.</li> <li>Valantasis, Richard (2008): <i>The Making of the Self: Ancient and Modern Asceticism</i>. James Clarke & Co, <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780227172810?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780227172810</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511175343/http://www.lutterworth.com/jamesclarke/jc/titles/makingof.htm">[2]</a></li> <li>White, L. Michael (2004): <i>From Jesus to Christianity</i>. HarperCollins. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0060526556?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0060526556</a>.</li> <li>Wright, N.T. (1992): <i>The New Testament and the People of God</i>. Fortress Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0800626818?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0800626818</a>.</li> <li>Wylen, Stephen M. (1995): <i>The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction</i>. Paulist Press. <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0809136104?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0809136104</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tidlig_kristendom&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>rediger</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901043856/http://www.earlychristians.org/">Early Christians</a>, tidlige kristne</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ebionim.org">Ebionites</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213035059/http://www.ebionim.org/">Arkivert</a> 13. desember 2009 hos <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., ebionitter</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/">Early Christian Writings</a>, tidligkristne skrifter</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccel.org/">Christian Classics Ethereal Library</a>, bibliotek for kristne klassiske skrifter</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.earlychurchtexts.com">Early Church Texts</a>, tidligkristne tekster</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/">Catholic Encyclopedia: The Fathers of the Church</a>, kirkefedrene</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://department.monm.edu/classics/Speel_Festschrift/sundbergJr.htm">«The Old Testament of the Early Church»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414002426/http://department.monm.edu/classics/Speel_Festschrift/sundbergJr.htm">Arkivert</a> 14. april 2016 hos <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Albert C. Sundberg, Jr.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/JDTABOR/indexb.html">The Jewish Roman World of Jesus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817164055/http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/JDTABOR/indexb.html">Arkivert</a> 17. august 2010 hos <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Jesus' jødisk-romerske verden</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sofiatopia.org/equiaeon/jesus1.htm">From the Jesus-people to Early Christianity – 30 – 110 AD</a>, fra Jesus-folk til tidlig kristendom</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.josemariaescriva.info/index.php?id_cat%3D1574%26id_scat%3D1572">First Christians and Rome</a>, de første kristne i Roma</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dagbladet.no/2010/02/17/magasinet/religion/kristendom/10327910/">Derfor ble vi kristne</a>, Dagbladet 17. februar 2010</li> </ul> <p><br></p> <div id="catlinks"> <p id="portlinks" class="catlinks"><a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Portaler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Portaler">Portal</a>: <a href="https://no-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Historie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Historie">Historie</a></p> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2586%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE" title="আদি খ্রিস্টধর্ম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আদি খ্রিস্টধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F%25D0%25B5_%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Ранняе хрысціянства – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ранняе хрысціянства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Ранно християнство – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ранно християнство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esgl%25C3%25A9sia_primitiva" title="Església primitiva – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Església primitiva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ran%25C3%25A9_k%25C5%2599es%25C5%25A5anstv%25C3%25AD" title="Rané křesťanství – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rané křesťanství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Eglwys_Fore" title="Yr Eglwys Fore – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Eglwys Fore" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alte_Kirche" title="Alte Kirche – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alte Kirche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CF%2581%25CF%2589%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2587%25CF%2581%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CF%2580%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B4%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582" title="Πρωτοχριστιανική περίοδος – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτοχριστιανική περίοδος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Early Christianity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo_primitivo" title="Cristianismo primitivo – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristianismo primitivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apero_de_kristanismo" title="Apero de kristanismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apero de kristanismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="مسیحیت اولیه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیحیت اولیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianisme_primitif" title="Christianisme primitif – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christianisme primitif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25B4%2588%25EA%25B8%25B0_%25EA%25B8%25B0%25EB%258F%2585%25EA%25B5%2590" title="초기 기독교 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초기 기독교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258E%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B2_%25D6%2584%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Վաղ քրիստոնեություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վաղ քրիստոնեություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rano_kr%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587anstvo" title="Rano kršćanstvo – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rano kršćanstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frua_Kristanismo" title="Frua Kristanismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frua Kristanismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_perdana" title="Gereja perdana – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja perdana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origini_del_cristianesimo" title="Origini del cristianesimo – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Origini del cristianesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA_%25D7%25A7%25D7%2593%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%2594" title="נצרות קדומה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נצרות קדומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukristo_katika_karne_za_kwanza" title="Ukristo katika karne za kwanza – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukristo katika karne za kwanza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_antiqua" title="Ecclesia antiqua – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia antiqua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankstyvoji_krik%25C5%25A1%25C4%258Dionyb%25C4%2597" title="Ankstyvoji krikščionybė – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ankstyvoji krikščionybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2593kereszt%25C3%25A9ny_egyh%25C3%25A1z" title="Ókeresztény egyház – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ókeresztény egyház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Рано христијанство – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рано христијанство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianisma_voalohany" title="Kristianisma voalohany – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kristianisma voalohany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2586%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AE_%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B5%2588%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B4%25AD" title="ആദിമ ക്രൈസ്തവസഭ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആദിമ ക്രൈസ്തവസഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D9%2587_%25D9%2585%25D8%25A8%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="مسيحيه مبكره – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مسيحيه مبكره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_perdana" title="Gereja perdana – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gereja perdana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vroege_christendom" title="Vroege christendom – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vroege christendom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrogge_Kristendom" title="Vrogge Kristendom – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vrogge Kristendom" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2588%259D%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E6%2595%2599%25E4%25BC%259A" title="初代教会 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="初代教会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="ابتدائی مسیحیت – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابتدائی مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierwotne_chrze%25C5%259Bcija%25C5%2584stwo" title="Pierwotne chrześcijaństwo – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierwotne chrześcijaństwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo_primitivo" title="Cristianismo primitivo – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristianismo primitivo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B5_%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Раннее христианство – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раннее христианство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisht%25C3%25ABrimi_i_hersh%25C3%25ABm" title="Krishtërimi i hershëm – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Krishtërimi i hershëm" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Early Christianity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ran%25C3%25A9_kres%25C5%25A5anstvo" title="Rané kresťanstvo – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rané kresťanstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25DB%2595%25D8%25A8%25DB%2595%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D9%2585%25DB%2595%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25DB%258C%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA" title="بەرەبەیانی مەسیحییەت – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرەبەیانی مەسیحییەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2588%25D1%259B%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Рано хришћанство – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рано хришћанство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rano_hri%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587anstvo" title="Rano hrišćanstvo – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rano hrišćanstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varhaiskristillisyys" title="Varhaiskristillisyys – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varhaiskristillisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2581" title="ศาสนาคริสต์ยุคแรก – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาคริสต์ยุคแรก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erken_Hristiyanl%25C4%25B1k" title="Erken Hristiyanlık – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erken Hristiyanlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%2594_%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Раннє християнство – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Раннє християнство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="ابتدائی مسیحیت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابتدائی مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%25C3%25B4_gi%25C3%25A1o_s%25C6%25A1_khai" title="Kitô giáo sơ khai – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kitô giáo sơ khai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2597%25A9%25E6%259C%259F%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3%25E6%2595%2599" title="早期基督教 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="早期基督教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" 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