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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandibulata</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 21 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فقيميات – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فقيميات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فقيميات – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فقيميات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulats" title="Mandibulats – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mandibulats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulata" title="Mandibulata – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mandibulata" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibeltiere" title="Mandibeltiere – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mandibeltiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulata" title="Mandibulata – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mandibulata" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulata" title="Mandibulata – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mandibulata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آرواره‌داران – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرواره‌داران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulados" title="Mandibulados – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mandibulados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA" title="בעלי לסתות – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעלי לסתות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celjusnici" title="Čeljusnici – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čeljusnici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulata" title="Mandibulata – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mandibulata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulata" title="Mandibulata – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mandibulata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A1%8E%E9%A1%9E" title="大顎類 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大顎類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibeldyr" title="Mandibeldyr – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mandibeldyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulates" title="Mandibulates – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mandibulates" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBuwaczkowce" title="Żuwaczkowce – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żuwaczkowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulata" title="Mandibulata – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mandibulata" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Жвалоносные – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жвалоносные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hryzadlovce" title="Hryzadlovce – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hryzadlovce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%A2%9A%E7%B1%BB" title="有颚类 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="有颚类" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1633496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mandibulata" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Mandibulata" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mandibulata"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibulata&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibulata&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibulata&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mandibulata"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibulata&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibulata&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibulata&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Mandibulata" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Mandibulata" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibulata&oldid=208037600" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibulata&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Mandibulata&id=208037600&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMandibulata%26printable%3Dyes"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMandibulata%26printable%3Dyes"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mandibulata"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a 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Veuillez mettre à jour les signets de votre navigateur et utiliser à la place la fonction d’impression par défaut de celui-ci.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Protura.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Protura.png/45px-Protura.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Protura.png/68px-Protura.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Protura.png/90px-Protura.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="187" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant les <a href="/wiki/Arthropode" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropode">arthropodes</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations du <a href="/wiki/Projet:Zoologie" title="Projet:Zoologie">projet zoologie</a>. </p> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r204255952">.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3{font-size:0.99em}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .entete,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 p.bloc{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered td{padding-bottom:4px;border-top:1px solid #ededed}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.animal .entete{background-color:LightSalmon}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal p.bloc{background-color:Bisque}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.plante .entete{background-color:lightgreen}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.plante caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.plante p.bloc{background-color:#ccffcc}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.champignon .entete{background-color:SkyBlue}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.champignon caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.champignon p.bloc{background-color:PowderBlue}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.test .entete{background-color:#50a0a0}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.test caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.test p.bloc{background-color:#70c0c0}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.algue .entete{background-color:MediumAquamarine}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.algue caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.algue p.bloc{background-color:#bfffe6}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.archaea 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p.bloc,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.eucaryote caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.eucaryote p.bloc,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.procaryote caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.procaryote p.bloc{background-color:#e6e6e6}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .taxobox_classification{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .taxobox_classification .rnormal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.zoologie .taxobox_classification .normal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 th[scope="row"]{font-style:normal}</style><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large taxobox_v3 zoologie animal bordered" style="width:20em"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div>Mandibulata</div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:European_hornet_090621.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/European_hornet_090621.jpg/240px-European_hornet_090621.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/European_hornet_090621.jpg/360px-European_hornet_090621.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/European_hornet_090621.jpg/480px-European_hornet_090621.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="1353" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><i><a href="/wiki/Vespa_crabro" title="Vespa crabro">Vespa crabro</a></i>, Apocrita, Hymenoptera, Insecta, Hexapoda.</div><table class="taxobox_classification"><caption style=""><a href="/wiki/Classification_scientifique_des_esp%C3%A8ces" title="Classification scientifique des espèces">Classification</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie)">Règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Embranchement_(biologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embranchement (biologie)">Embranchement</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Sous-embranchement" title="Sous-embranchement">Sous-embranchement</a></p><div class="center taxobox_classification"><b><span class="normal"><span style="font-style: normal">Mandibulata</span></span></b><br /><span class="rnormal"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans_Snodgrass" title="Robert Evans Snodgrass">Snodgrass</a>, <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a></b></small></span></div> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Classification_phylog%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Classification phylogénétique">Classification phylogénétique</a></p> <div><b>Position :</b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protostomiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Protostomiens">Protostomiens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lophotrochozoaires" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophotrochozoaires">Lophotrochozoaires</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaetognathes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaetognathes">Chaetognathes</a> ?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuticul%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuticulé">Cuticulés</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrotriches" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrotriches">Gastrotriches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoaires" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecdysozoaires">Ecdysozoaires</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panarthropodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Panarthropodes">Panarthropodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onychophores" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychophores">Onychophores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tardigrades" class="mw-redirect" title="Tardigrades">Tardigrades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthropodes" title="Arthropodes">Arthropodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9lic%C3%A9riformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chélicériformes">Chélicériformes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pycnogonides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pycnogonides">Pycnogonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9lic%C3%A9r%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Chélicéré">Chélicérés</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rostomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mérostomes">Mérostomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachnides" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachnides">Arachnides</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Mandibulés</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myriapodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Myriapodes">Myriapodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancrustac%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancrustacés">Pancrustacés</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mip%C3%A8des" class="mw-redirect" title="Rémipèdes">Rémipèdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9phalocarides" class="mw-redirect" title="Céphalocarides">Céphalocarides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillopodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxillopodes">Maxillopodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchiopodes" title="Branchiopodes">Branchiopodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacostrac%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Malacostracés">Malacostracés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexapodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexapodes">Hexapodes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introvert%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Introvertés">Introvertés</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </div> <p>Les <b>Mandibulata</b> (ou <b>Antennata</b>), en français <b>Mandibulés</b>, en anglais <i>Mandibulates</i>, sont des <a href="/wiki/Arthropodes" title="Arthropodes">arthropodes</a> dont la tête porte des appendices caractéristiques, souvent très <a href="/wiki/Chitine" title="Chitine">chitinisés</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Mandibule" title="Mandibule">mandibules</a> adaptées à différents régimes. Ils diffèrent des <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9lic%C3%A8re" title="Chélicère">chélicères</a> et <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9dipalpe" title="Pédipalpe">pédipalpes</a> du groupe des <a href="/wiki/Chelicerata" title="Chelicerata">Chélicérates</a> (dont les <a href="/wiki/Araneae" title="Araneae">araignées</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Scorpiones" title="Scorpiones">scorpions</a>). La <a href="/wiki/Monophylie" title="Monophylie">monophylie</a> de ce taxon s'appuie aussi sur les caractéristiques de l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_ribonucl%C3%A9ique_ribosomique" title="Acide ribonucléique ribosomique">acide ribonucléique ribosomique</a>. </p><p>Ils étaient classiquement divisés en <a href="/wiki/Appendice_uniram%C3%A9" title="Appendice uniramé">uniramés</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hexapoda" title="Hexapoda">Hexapodes</a> et <a href="/wiki/Myriapoda" title="Myriapoda">Myriapodes</a>) et <a href="/wiki/Appendice_biram%C3%A9" title="Appendice biramé">biramés</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crustac%C3%A9s" title="Crustacés">Crustacés</a>), mais cette distinction n'est pas <a href="/wiki/Phylog%C3%A9nie" title="Phylogénie">phylogénétique</a> au vu des analyses génétiques qui rapprochent les <a href="/wiki/Insecte" title="Insecte">insectes</a> des crustacés. Les caractères partagés entre myriapodes et insectes sont maintenant interprétés comme des convergences liées à l'adaptation au milieu terrestre. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liste_des_classes">Liste des classes</h2></div> <p>Selon <i><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></i> <small>(11 juin 2020)</small><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI11_juin_2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI11_juin_2020-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>sous-embranchement <a href="/wiki/Myriapoda" title="Myriapoda">Myriapoda</a> (mille-pattes) <ul><li>classe <a href="/wiki/Chilopoda" title="Chilopoda">Chilopoda</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Diplopoda" title="Diplopoda">Diplopoda</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Pauropoda" title="Pauropoda">Pauropoda</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Symphyla" title="Symphyla">Symphyla</a></li></ul></li> <li>clade <i><a href="/wiki/Pancrustacea" title="Pancrustacea">Pancrustacea</a></i> <ul><li>sous-embranchement Crustacea (<a href="/wiki/Crustac%C3%A9s" title="Crustacés">Crustacés</a>)</li> <li>sous-embranchement <a href="/wiki/Hexapoda" title="Hexapoda">Hexapoda</a> (dont les <a href="/wiki/Insecte" title="Insecte">insectes</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Collembola" title="Collembola">collemboles</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NCBI11_juin_2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI11_juin_2020_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#NCBI"><i>NCBI</i>, consulté le 11 juin 2020</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mandibulata?uselang=fr">Mandibulata</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3></div> <ul><li>G. Lecointre, H. Le Guyader, « La classification phylogénétique du vivant », <abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> édition, Belin, Paris, 2001 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7011-4273-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7011-4273-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7011-4273-9</span></a>)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aquilonifer" title="Aquilonifer">Aquilonifer</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative au vivant<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633496?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83659"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Paleobiology Database</i></span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notice dans un dictionnaire ou une encyclopédie généraliste<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633496?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/Mandibulata"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="NCBI"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=197563"><i>Mandibulata</i></a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=197563">taxons inclus</a>) <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-06-11" data-sort-value="2020-06-11">11 juin 2020</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="TPDB"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83659">Mandibulata</a></span></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Zoologie" title="Portail de la zoologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/27px-Symbole-faune.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/40px-Symbole-faune.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/53px-Symbole-faune.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Zoologie" title="Portail:Zoologie">Portail de la zoologie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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