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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Voorgeslacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorgeslacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opleiding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opleiding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Opleiding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opleiding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loopbaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loopbaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Loopbaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loopbaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Werk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Werk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Werk-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Werk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kernspinresonantie_(NMR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kernspinresonantie_(NMR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kernspinresonantie (NMR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kernspinresonantie_(NMR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Maser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vastestoflaser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vastestoflaser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Vastestoflaser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vastestoflaser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niet-lineaire_optica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niet-lineaire_optica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Niet-lineaire optica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niet-lineaire_optica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prijzen_en_lidmaatschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prijzen_en_lidmaatschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Prijzen en lidmaatschappen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prijzen_en_lidmaatschappen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Prijzen en lidmaatschappen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prijzen_en_lidmaatschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prijzen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prijzen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Prijzen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prijzen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lidmaatschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lidmaatschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lidmaatschappen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lidmaatschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eredoctoraten_en_gasthoogleraarschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eredoctoraten_en_gasthoogleraarschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eredoctoraten en gasthoogleraarschappen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eredoctoraten_en_gasthoogleraarschappen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Eredoctoraten en gasthoogleraarschappen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eredoctoraten_en_gasthoogleraarschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eredoctoraten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eredoctoraten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Eredoctoraten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eredoctoraten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gasthoogleraarschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gasthoogleraarschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Gasthoogleraarschappen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gasthoogleraarschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vernoemd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vernoemd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vernoemd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vernoemd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publicaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publicaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Publicaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publicaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nico Bloembergen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 71 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86" title="نيكولاس بلومبرجن – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكولاس بلومبرجن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86" title="نيكولاس بلومبرجن – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكولاس بلومبرجن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolas_Blumberqen" title="Nikolas Blumberqen – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nikolas Blumberqen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="نیکولاس بلومبرگر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیکولاس بلومبرگر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Нікалас Бломберген – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікалас Бломберген" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Николас Блумберген – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Николас Блумберген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="নিকোলাস ব্লোমবের্গেন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকোলাস ব্লোমবের্গেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="نیکولاس بلومبرگر – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکولاس بلومبرگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_Bloembergen" title="Nico Bloembergen – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nico Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9F" title="ניקולס בלומברגן – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניקולס בלומברגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="निकोलास ब्लोमबेर्गेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निकोलास ब्लोमबेर्गेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Նիկոլաս Բլոմբերգեն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկոլաս Բլոմբերգեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3" title="ニコラス・ブルームバーゲン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニコラス・ブルームバーゲン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Николас Бломберген – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Николас Бломберген" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%B8%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%97%8C" title="니콜라스 블룸베르헌 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니콜라스 블룸베르헌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol%C4%81ss_Bl%C5%ABmbergens" title="Nikolāss Blūmbergens – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nikolāss Blūmbergens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Николас Блумберген – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Николас Блумберген" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="निकोलास ब्लूमबर्गेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निकोलास ब्लूमबर्गेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="نیکولاس بلومبرگر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیکولاس بلومبرگر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="निकोलास ब्लोएम्बर्गन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="निकोलास ब्लोएम्बर्गन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86" title="نکولس بلومبرگن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نکولس بلومبرگن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бломберген, Николас – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бломберген, Николас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="निकोलास ब्लोम्बर्गन – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="निकोलास ब्लोम्बर्गन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Николас Блумберген – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Николас Блумберген" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Николас Бломберген – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Николас Бломберген" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Николас Бломберген – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Николас Бломберген" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ніколас Бломберген – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ніколас Бломберген" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="نکولس بلومبرن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نکولس بلومبرن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%B9" title="尼古拉斯·布隆伯根 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼古拉斯·布隆伯根" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნიკოლას ბლომბერგენი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიკოლას ბლომბერგენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nicolaas Bloembergen" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%B9" title="尼古拉斯·布隆伯根 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼古拉斯·布隆伯根" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189987#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Nicolaas Bloembergen </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/11_maart" title="11 maart">11 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> – <a href="/wiki/5_september" title="5 september">5 september</a> <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nico_2006_Tucson_Wiki.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nico Bloembergen in 2006 thuis in Tucson." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nico_2006_Tucson_Wiki.png/266px-Nico_2006_Tucson_Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nico_2006_Tucson_Wiki.png/399px-Nico_2006_Tucson_Wiki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Nico_2006_Tucson_Wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="491" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Nico Bloembergen in 2006 thuis in Tucson.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dordrecht_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dordrecht (hoofdbetekenis)">Dordrecht</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde">Natuurkunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1981 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">Voor onderzoek in de <a href="/wiki/Laser_(licht)" title="Laser (licht)">laser</a><a href="/wiki/Spectroscopie" title="Spectroscopie">spectroscopie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Val Fitch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Natuurkunde" title="Portaal:Natuurkunde">Natuurkunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Queen_Beatrix_meets_Nobel_Laureates_in_1983c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Queen_Beatrix_meets_Nobel_Laureates_in_1983c.jpg/260px-Queen_Beatrix_meets_Nobel_Laureates_in_1983c.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Queen_Beatrix_meets_Nobel_Laureates_in_1983c.jpg/390px-Queen_Beatrix_meets_Nobel_Laureates_in_1983c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Queen_Beatrix_meets_Nobel_Laureates_in_1983c.jpg/520px-Queen_Beatrix_meets_Nobel_Laureates_in_1983c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3683" data-file-height="2394" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_der_Nederlanden" title="Beatrix der Nederlanden">Beatrix</a> ontvangt 5 Nobelprijswinnaars (1983): <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg_(scheikundige)" title="Paul Berg (scheikundige)">Paul Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> & Nicolaas Bloembergen</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nicolaas (Nico) Bloembergen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dordrecht_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dordrecht (hoofdbetekenis)">Dordrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/11_maart" title="11 maart">11 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tucson" title="Tucson">Tucson</a>, <a href="/wiki/5_september" title="5 september">5 september</a> <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a><sup id="cite_ref-NRC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was een <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederlands</a>-<a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Amerikaans</a> <a href="/wiki/Natuurkundige" class="mw-redirect" title="Natuurkundige">natuurkundige</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs" title="Nobelprijs">Nobelprijswinnaar</a>. Hij was een grondlegger van de <a href="/wiki/Kernspinresonantie" title="Kernspinresonantie">kernspinresonantie</a> (NMR en MRI), <a href="/wiki/Laser_(licht)" title="Laser (licht)">lasers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Niet-lineaire_optica" title="Niet-lineaire optica">niet-lineaire optica</a>. Hij was een broer van <a href="/wiki/Auke_Bloembergen_(1927-2016)" title="Auke Bloembergen (1927-2016)">Auke Bloembergen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorgeslacht">Voorgeslacht</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorgeslacht" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorgeslacht"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Bloembergen" title="Bloembergen">Bloembergens</a> waren in de achttiende en <a href="/wiki/Negentiende_eeuw" class="mw-redirect" title="Negentiende eeuw">negentiende eeuw</a> een <a href="/wiki/Bankier" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankier">bankiersfamilie</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden_(stad)" title="Leeuwarden (stad)">Leeuwarden</a>. Nico Bloembergens grootvader werd directeur van een <a href="/wiki/Kunstmest" title="Kunstmest">kunstmestfabriek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zwijndrecht_(Nederland)" title="Zwijndrecht (Nederland)">Zwijndrecht</a>. Ook de vader van Bloembergen, Auke, werd directeur van de kunstmestfabriek, waarvan het hoofdkantoor naar <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(stad)" title="Utrecht (stad)">Utrecht</a> was verhuisd. Zijn moeder, Sophia Maria Quint, was voor haar huwelijk onderwijzeres Frans. In 1925 kwamen de Bloembergens terecht in <a href="/wiki/Bilthoven" title="Bilthoven">Bilthoven</a>, waar Nico ook opgroeide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opleiding">Opleiding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Opleiding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Opleiding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op het <a href="/wiki/Utrechts_Stedelijk_Gymnasium" title="Utrechts Stedelijk Gymnasium">Utrechts Stedelijk Gymnasium</a>, waar Bloembergen van 1932 tot 1938 op zat, was hij de beste van zijn eindexamenjaar. Van 1938 tot 1943 studeerde Bloembergen <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde">natuurkunde</a> aan de toenmalige Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht (tegenwoordig <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_Utrecht" title="Universiteit Utrecht">Universiteit Utrecht</a>). Hij kwam, volgens eigen zeggen, onder de indruk van de manier waarop prof. <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Ornstein_(natuurkundige)" title="Leonard Ornstein (natuurkundige)">Leonard Ornstein</a> de wetenschap beoefende en omdat het een moeilijk en uitdagend onderwerp leek. Ornstein werd vanwege zijn <a href="/wiki/Joden" title="Joden">joodse</a> afkomst door de Duitse bezetter in november <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> gedwongen zijn ambt neer te leggen en stierf een jaar later. </p><p>Bloembergens leermeester in Utrecht werd prof. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pim_Milatz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pim Milatz (de pagina bestaat niet)">Pim Milatz</a>, de opvolger van Ornstein. Milatz hield zich vooral bezig met de <a href="/wiki/Brownse_beweging_(natuurkunde)" title="Brownse beweging (natuurkunde)">Brownse beweging</a>. Net voor de bezetter in 1943 de universiteiten sloot lukte het hem zijn doctoraalexamen af te ronden. Na zijn afstuderen werd Bloembergen assistent-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rijksambtenaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rijksambtenaar (de pagina bestaat niet)">rijksambtenaar</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brandweer" title="Brandweer">brandweerman</a> en kon zo niet meer opgeroepen worden voor de <a href="/wiki/Arbeitseinsatz" title="Arbeitseinsatz">Arbeitseinsatz</a> in Duitsland. Van 1943 tot 1945 studeerde hij thuis in de <a href="/wiki/Hongerwinter" title="Hongerwinter">hongerwinter</a> van 1944-1945 bij het licht van een walmende stookolielamp <a href="/wiki/Kwantummechanica" title="Kwantummechanica">kwantummechanica</a> uit een boek van <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Kramers" title="Hendrik Kramers">Hendrik Kramers</a>. Er was namelijk door de oorlogsomstandigheden geen elektriciteit en vanwege het gebrek aan goede olie moest hij de lamp iedere twintig minuten schoonmaken. </p><p>Na de oorlog wilde Bloembergen weg uit het verwoeste Europa, naar de Verenigde Staten. Eind 1945 verliet hij Nederland om onderzoek te doen aan de <a href="/wiki/Harvard-universiteit" title="Harvard-universiteit">Harvard-universiteit</a> als <i>graduate student</i>. Zes weken voor zijn komst had <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward M. Purcell</a> met <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a> <a href="/wiki/Kernspinresonantie" title="Kernspinresonantie">kernspinresonantie</a> ontdekt. Onder begeleiding van Purcell werd Bloembergen aangesteld om de eerste NMR-machine te bouwen. Op Harvard volgde hij college bij de kwantummechanicus <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Kemble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Kemble (de pagina bestaat niet)">Edwin Kemble</a>. Na zijn Harvard-avontuur <a href="/wiki/Wetenschappelijke_promotie" title="Wetenschappelijke promotie">promoveerde</a> Bloembergen in 1948 aan de <a href="/wiki/Rijksuniversiteit_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijksuniversiteit Leiden">Rijksuniversiteit Leiden</a> op zijn proefschrift <i>Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation</i> bij <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Jacobus_Gorter" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelis Jacobus Gorter">Cornelis Jacobus Gorter</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_van_Vleck" title="John van Vleck">John van Vleck</a> en Purcell hadden aan Harvard Bloembergen bij zijn werk begeleid. Hij trouwde in 1950 in Amsterdam met Deli Brink, die hij in 1948 in Nederland had ontmoet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loopbaan">Loopbaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Loopbaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Loopbaan"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948 keerde hij terug naar Harvard, waar hij een aanstelling als <i>Junior Fellow</i> kreeg. In 1951 werd Bloembergen <i>Associate Professor of Applied Physics</i>. In 1957 werd hij <i>Gordon McKay Professor</i>, in 1974 <i>Rumford Professor of Physics</i> en in 1980 <i>Gerhade Gade University Professor</i>. In 2000 werd Bloembergen <i>Professor of Optical Sciences</i> aan de <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tucson" title="Tucson">Tucson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona_(staat)" title="Arizona (staat)">Arizona</a>. </p><p>In 1958 kreeg hij de Amerikaanse nationaliteit. </p><p>In 1984 was Bloembergen met <a href="/wiki/Kumar_Patel" title="Kumar Patel">Kumar Patel</a> van <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a> covoorzitter van een commissie die de wetenschappelijke merites moest beoordelen van het <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a> (SDI), beter bekend als Star Wars. Dit project van de regering-<a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> moest intercontinentale Sovjet-kernwapens met behulp van laserwapens vernietigen. Het eenstemmige oordeel van de commissie was vernietigend voor het project: SDI met lasers was niet mogelijk. Het project met lasers werd voorgoed gestopt, ondanks felle kritiek van onder meer <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a>. </p><p>Hij overleed op 97-jarige leeftijd in zijn woonplaats <a href="/wiki/Tucson" title="Tucson">Tucson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona_(staat)" title="Arizona (staat)">Arizona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NRC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werk">Werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Werk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kernspinresonantie_(NMR)"><span id="Kernspinresonantie_.28NMR.29"></span>Kernspinresonantie (NMR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kernspinresonantie (NMR)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kernspinresonantie (NMR)"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De publicatie die aan zijn dissertatie ten grondslag lag,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is een van de meest geciteerde publicaties in de natuurkunde. Tot nu (2017) toe is het 2455 maal geciteerd.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NMR, kernspinresonantie, wordt toegepast in de scheikunde en biologie. Zo wordt NMR al bijna 50 jaar routinematig in de <a href="/wiki/Organische_chemie" title="Organische chemie">organische chemie</a> voor structuuropheldering gebruikt. NMR is ook verder ontwikkeld tot de <a href="/wiki/MRI-scanner" class="mw-redirect" title="MRI-scanner">MRI-scanner</a>. De MRI-scanner wordt gebruikt voor onderzoek in de biologie en geneeskunde en diagnose eveneens in de geneeskunde. Een verdere ontwikkeling is <a href="/wiki/Functionele_MRI" title="Functionele MRI">functionele MRI</a> voor modern hersenonderzoek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maser">Maser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Maser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Maser"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na zijn werk aan NMR, werd de vaste-stof<a href="/wiki/Maser_(straling)" title="Maser (straling)">maser</a> een tweede interessegebied van Bloembergen. Hierbij kwam vooral zijn kennis die bij het onderzoek naar kernspinresonantie had opgeleverd naar de verschillende energieniveaus bij moleculen goed van pas. Ook op masergebied werd Bloembergen een van de pioniers. Hoewel de eerste maser begin jaren 1950 werd vervaardigd ontwikkelde Bloembergen in 1956 de theoretisch basis voor een drietraps-systeem, dat later ook toegepast werd in <a href="/wiki/Laser_(licht)" title="Laser (licht)">lasers</a>. Bij een drietraps-maser vallen de elektronen die door een externe energiebron naar het hoogste energieniveau zijn aangeslagen niet meteen terug naar het grondniveau, maar deze hopen zich op in een tussenniveau. Als ze daarna, gestimuleerd door externe elektromagnetische straling, alsnog terugvallen naar het grondniveau ontstaat er een intense en sterk samenhangende elektromagnetische golf. </p><p>Masers werden onder andere als versterkers voor radioantennes in de <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> gebruikt, waaronder het Amerikaanse militaire <i>Distant Early Warning Line</i> radarsysteem (1958) en in de eerste satellietverbinding tussen de VS en Europa (<a href="/wiki/Telstar_(satelliet)" title="Telstar (satelliet)">Telstar</a>, 1962).<sup id="cite_ref-KIVI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KIVI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> en <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kregen in 1978 de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde">Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde</a> voor de ontdekking van de kosmische microgolf <a href="/wiki/Achtergrondstraling" title="Achtergrondstraling">achtergrondstraling</a>. Voor de detectie van die straling gebruikten zij in de grote communicatiesatelliet een door Bloembergen ontwikkelde vaste-stofmaser. Zelf won Bloembergen in 1981 de Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde voor <a href="/wiki/Laser_(licht)" title="Laser (licht)">laser</a><a href="/wiki/Spectroscopie" title="Spectroscopie">spectroscopie</a>, samen met <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vastestoflaser">Vastestoflaser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vastestoflaser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vastestoflaser"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na de maser, werkte Bloembergen aan vaste-stof laser. De drietraps-laser, voortkomende uit de door Bloembergen ontwikkelde drietrapsmaser, wordt tegenwoordig in het grootste deel van de laserapparatuur gebruikt. De <a href="/wiki/Toepassingen_van_lasertechniek" title="Toepassingen van lasertechniek">toepassingen van lasertechniek</a> zijn enorm. Chirurgie, branden van etiketten, lassen van autocarrosserieën, nauwkeurige bepaling van afstanden op aarde in de <a href="/wiki/Landmeetkunde" title="Landmeetkunde">landmeetkunde</a> en ook de afstand aarde-maan, de CD-speler en communicatie door glasvezels: dit is een greep uit de duizenden toepassingen van lasers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niet-lineaire_optica">Niet-lineaire optica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Niet-lineaire optica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Niet-lineaire optica"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een volgend onderzoeksgebied van Bloembergen was de niet-lineaire optica.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiervoor gebruikte hij de laser als intense lichtbron. Met de hoge intensiteit van laserlicht konden bijzondere effecten in materie zichtbaar worden gemaakt die bij gewone interactie van licht niet te zien zijn.<sup id="cite_ref-KIVI_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KIVI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloembergen definieerde de volgende optische wetten opnieuw voor <a href="/wiki/Niet-lineaire_optica" title="Niet-lineaire optica">niet-lineaire optica</a>: </p> <ul><li>Reflectiewet van <a href="/wiki/Heron_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Heron van Alexandrië">Heron van Alexandrië</a>, eerste eeuw na Christus; Bloembergen en Pershan, 1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_van_Snellius" title="Wet van Snellius">Brekingswet van Snellius</a>, 1621; Bloembergen en Pershan, 1962</li> <li>Intensiteit van weerkaatst en gebroken licht, <a href="/wiki/Fresnelvergelijkingen" title="Fresnelvergelijkingen">Fresnelvergelijkingen</a> van <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Jean_Fresnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustin Jean Fresnel">Augustin Jean Fresnel</a>; Bloembergen en Pershan, 1962</li> <li>Theorie conische breking <a href="/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">William Hamilton</a>, 1833; Bloembergen en Shih, 1969</li> <li>Experimentele bevestiging conische breking Lloyd, 1833; Schell en Bloembergen, 1977</li></ul> <p>Met niet-lineaire optica kon weer ander fundamenteel onderzoek verricht worden, zoals de toepassing van femtoseconde time-resolved <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopie" title="Spectroscopie">spectroscopie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> waarmee met zeer korte pulsen chemische reacties bekeken kunnen worden. In 1999 werd hiervoor aan <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_H._Zewail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed H. Zewail">Ahmed H. Zewail</a> de Nobelprijs voor scheikunde verleend. Een toepassingsgebied van de niet-lineaire optica is het gebruik van <a href="/wiki/Glasvezel" title="Glasvezel">glasvezel</a> voor telecommunicatie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prijzen_en_lidmaatschappen">Prijzen en lidmaatschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Prijzen en lidmaatschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Prijzen en lidmaatschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prijzen">Prijzen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Prijzen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Prijzen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1958 - <i>Oliver E. Buckley Prize for Solid State Physics</i> van de <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1959 - IEEE Morris Liebmann Memorial Award<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961 - <i>Stuart Ballantine Medal</i> van het <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a></li> <li>1972 - <i>Half-Moon Trophy</i> van de Netherland Club of New York<i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></li> <li>1974 - <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a></li> <li>1978 - <a href="/wiki/Lorentzmedaille" title="Lorentzmedaille">Lorentzmedaille</a> van de Koninklijke Academie van Wetenschappen, theoretische natuurkunde</li> <li>1980 en 1987 - Alexander von Humboldt Senior U.S. Scientists Award<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981 - <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde">Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde</a> (gedeeld met <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a>) Bloembergen en Schawlow kregen de prijs voor hun werk aan aan <a href="/wiki/Laser_(licht)" title="Laser (licht)">laser</a><a href="/wiki/Spectroscopie" title="Spectroscopie">spectroscopie</a>; Siegbahn voor de ontwikkeling van elektronenspectroscopie.</li> <li>1983 - <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honor" title="IEEE Medal of Honor">IEEE Medal of Honor</a></li> <li>1983 - Commandeur in de <a href="/wiki/Orde_van_Oranje-Nassau" title="Orde van Oranje-Nassau">Orde van Oranje-Nassau</a></li> <li>1989 - <a href="/wiki/Humboldt-prijs" title="Humboldt-prijs">Alexander von Humboldt Medal</a></li> <li>2005 - Russell Varian Prize<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lidmaatschappen">Lidmaatschappen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Lidmaatschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Lidmaatschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lid van de <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, Washington D.C.</li> <li>Lid van de <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, Cambridge, Massachusetts</li> <li>Correspondent van de <a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Nederlandse_Akademie_van_Wetenschappen" title="Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen">Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen</a>, Amsterdam</li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eredoctoraten_en_gasthoogleraarschappen">Eredoctoraten en gasthoogleraarschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eredoctoraten en gasthoogleraarschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eredoctoraten en gasthoogleraarschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eredoctoraten">Eredoctoraten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eredoctoraten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eredoctoraten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Laval University<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Quebec, Canada 1988</li> <li>University of Connecticut<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1989</li> <li>University of Hartford<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, West Hartford, Connecticut 1991</li> <li>University of Massachusetts Lowell<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Lowell 1994</li> <li>University of Central Florida<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Orlando 1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staatsuniversiteit_van_Moskou" title="Staatsuniversiteit van Moskou">Staatsuniversiteit van Moskou</a> 1997</li> <li>North Carolina State University<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Raleigh 1998</li> <li>Harvard University<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Cambridge 2000</li> <li>The University of Arizona<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Tucson 2008</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gasthoogleraarschappen">Gasthoogleraarschappen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gasthoogleraarschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gasthoogleraarschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Parijs)" title="École normale supérieure (Parijs)">École Normale Supérieure</a>, Parijs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Californi%C3%AB_-_Berkeley" title="Universiteit van Californië - Berkeley">Universiteit van Californië - Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_(Californi%C3%AB)" title="Berkeley (Californië)">Berkeley (Californië)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rijksuniversiteit_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijksuniversiteit Leiden">Rijksuniversiteit Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangalore_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangalore University (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bangalore University</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>, Parijs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fudan-universiteit" title="Fudan-universiteit">Fudan-universiteit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vernoemd">Vernoemd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vernoemd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vernoemd"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1977 is een <a href="/wiki/Planeto%C3%AFde" title="Planetoïde">planetoïde</a> naar Bloembergen genoemd. </p><p>In 2001 heeft de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_Utrecht" title="Universiteit Utrecht">Universiteit Utrecht</a> een gebouw naar Bloembergen vernoemd. Daar wordt <a href="/wiki/Kernspinresonantie" title="Kernspinresonantie">kernspinresonantie</a> (NMR) toegepast voor fundamenteel onderzoek in de scheikunde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicaties">Publicaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Publicaties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Publicaties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Nonlinear Optics</i> (W.A. Benjamin, New York, 1965)</li> <li><i>Encounters in Magnetic Resonances</i> (World Scientific, Singapore, 1996)</li> <li><i>Encounters in Nonlinear Optics</i> (World Scientific, Singapore, 1996)</li></ul> <p>Auteur of coauteur van 370 artikelen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=17" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nicolaas Bloembergen. In: Mattson J. and Simon M. The Pioneers of NMR and Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Bar-Ilan University Press. Jericho, NY, 1996</li> <li>Herber R. Nico Bloembergen: laserpionier en Nobelprijswinnaar. Ned Tijdschr Natuurk <b>76</b>:228-231 (2010)</li> <li>Herber R. Nico Bloembergen. Meester van het licht. Eburon, Delft, 2016</li> <li>Herber R. Nico Bloembergen. Master of Light. Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland, 2019</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&action=edit&section=18" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uu.nl/uupublish/homeuu/deuniversiteit/cijfersenfeiten/eregalerij/nobelprijswinnaa/bloembergen/25288main.html">Korte biografie bij de Universiteit Utrecht</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/27">Freeview video 'An Interview with Nicolaas Bloembergen' door de Vega Science Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1981/bloembergen-speech.html">Nobelbanketrede door Bloembergen over bijdragen</a> aan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laserspectroscopie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laserspectroscopie (de pagina bestaat niet)">laserspectroscopie</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NRC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NRC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2017"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2017/09/05/nobelprijswinnaar-nico-bloembergen-97-overleden-a1572342">Nobelprijswinnaar Nico Bloembergen (97) overleden</a>. <i>NRC Handelsblad</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-09-05">5 september 2017</span>). Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-09-06">6 september 2017</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFN._Bloembergen,_E.M._Purcell_en_R.V._Pound1948"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">N. Bloembergen, E.M. Purcell en R.V. Pound</span> (1948). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/phys/2006-0104-200258/1948-bloembergen-relaxation.pdf">Relaxation effects in nuclear magnetic resonance absorption</a></cite>. <i>Physical Review</i> <b>73</b> (7): 679-712. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.73.679">10.1103/PhysRev.73.679</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-ref_history?refs=CITATIONS&bibcode=1948PhRv...73..679B">Citations history for 1948PhRv...73..679B from the ADS Databases</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KIVI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-KIVI_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KIVI_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span>Nico Bloembergen: Groot in Fysica. KIVI De Ingenieur <b>129</b>(10) Blz. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/index.html">Nobelprijswinnaars 1978</a> op Nobelprize.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_optics" class="extiw" title="en:Nonlinear optics">Nonlinear optics</a>, Engelstalige wikipedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-resolved_spectroscopy" class="extiw" title="en:Time-resolved spectroscopy">Time-resolved spectroscopy</a>, Engelstalige wikipedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/">American Physical Society</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/documents/liebmann_rl.pdf">IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award Recipients</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210071551/http://www.netherlandclub.com/pages/about/?action=page&id=055677AE0F">The Netherland Club of New York</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/humboldt-award.html">Humboldt Research Award</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828065550/http://www.euromar.org/york/Russell-Varian-Prize.html">Russell-Varian-Prize Recipients</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" class="extiw" title="en:Université Laval">Université Laval</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.uconn.edu/">http://www.uconn.edu/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hartford.edu/">http://www.hartford.edu/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.uml.edu/">http://www.uml.edu/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ucf.edu/">http://www.ucf.edu/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ncsu.edu/">http://www.ncsu.edu/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.harvard.edu/">http://www.harvard.edu/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020045441/http://www.arizona.edu/">https://web.archive.org/web/20131020045441/http://www.arizona.edu/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024080214/http://bangaloreuniversity.ac.in/">https://web.archive.org/web/20181024080214/http://bangaloreuniversity.ac.in/</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nicolaas_Bloembergen#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nicolaas Bloembergen">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nicolaas_Bloembergen#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wikiquote mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wikiquote.org/wiki/en:Nicolaas_Bloembergen" class="extiw" title="q:en:Nicolaas Bloembergen">Wikiquote</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div>De Engelstalige <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> heeft een of meer citaten van of over <i><b><a href="https://nl.wikiquote.org/wiki/en:Nicolaas_Bloembergen" class="extiw" title="q:en:Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></b></i>.</div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie winnaars van de Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde">Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>1901–1925:</b></td><td class="rechts">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a> · 1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Rayleigh</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Eduard_Anton_Lenard" title="Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard">Lenard</a> · <span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J.J. Thomson</a></span> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Michelson</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Jonas_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Jonas Lippmann">Lippmann</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a> · <span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a></span> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a> · <span class="nowrap">1913 <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">von Laue</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.L. Bragg</a></span> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W.H. Bragg</a></span> · <span style="color:">1916</span> · 1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a> · 1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> · 1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles-%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles-Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a> · 1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> · <span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1923:<a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" title="Robert Millikan">Millikan</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1924 <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></span> · 1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>1926–1950:</b></td><td class="rechts">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin">Perrin</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C.T.R. Wilson</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O.W. Richardson</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a></span> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Raman">Raman</a> · <span style="color:">1931</span> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> · 1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> · <span style="color:">1934</span> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anderson_(natuurkundige)" title="Carl Anderson (natuurkundige)">C. Anderson</a></span> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G.P. Thomson</a></span> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> · <span style="color:">1940</span> · <span style="color:">1941</span> · <span style="color:">1942</span> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a> · 1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Powell</a> ·</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>1951–1975:</b></td><td class="rechts">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Brattain" title="Walter Brattain">Brattain</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.D. Lee</a></span> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Tsjerenkov" title="Pavel Tsjerenkov">Tsjerenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Frank" title="Ilja Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glaser" title="Donald Glaser">Glaser</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jensen" title="Hans Jensen">Jensen</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Basov" title="Nikolaj Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prochorov" title="Aleksandr Prochorov">Prokhorov</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Shinichiro_Tomonaga" title="Shinichiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alvarez" title="Luis Alvarez">Alvarez</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schrieffer" title="Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a> · <span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Mottelson" title="Ben Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>1976–2000:</b></td><td class="rechts"><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ting" title="Samuel Ting">Ting</a> · <span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Anderson_(natuurkundige)" title="Philip Anderson (natuurkundige)">P. Anderson</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_van_Vleck" title="John van Vleck">van: Vleck</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Kapitsa" title="Pjotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R.W. Wilson</a></span> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Fitch</a> · 1981: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">K.G. Wilson</a></span> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Fowler" title="William Fowler">Fowler</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></span> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="Alex Müller">Müller</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" title="Hans Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Friedman" title="Jerome Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kendall" title="Henry Kendall">Kendall</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(natuurkundige)" title="Richard Taylor (natuurkundige)">R. Taylor</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Hulse" title="Russell Hulse">Hulse</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taylor" title="Joseph Taylor">J. Taylor</a></span> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> · <span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R.C. Richardson</a></span> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a> · <span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Veltman_(natuurkundige)" title="Martinus Veltman (natuurkundige)">Veltman</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Zjores_Ivanovitsj_Alferov" title="Zjores Ivanovitsj Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap">2000–heden:</span></b></td><td class="rechts">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Cornell" title="Eric Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_jr." title="Raymond Davis jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Abrikosov" title="Aleksej Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitali_Ginzburg" title="Vitali Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Leggett</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(natuurkundige)" title="John Hall (natuurkundige)">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kao" title="Charles Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_McDonald" title="Arthur McDonald">McDonald</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&oldid=67985872">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nico_Bloembergen&oldid=67985872</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Nederlands_natuurkundige" title="Categorie:Nederlands natuurkundige">Nederlands natuurkundige</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Amerikaans_natuurkundige" title="Categorie:Amerikaans natuurkundige">Amerikaans natuurkundige</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Winnaar_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" title="Categorie:Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde">Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Lid_van_de_Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences" title="Categorie:Lid van de Académie des sciences">Lid van de Académie des sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:20e-eeuws_natuurkundige" title="Categorie:20e-eeuws natuurkundige">20e-eeuws natuurkundige</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 18 aug 2024 om 19:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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