CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en"><head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>  <meta name="description" content="Since the birth of the United Nations, the goals of multilateral disarmament and arms limitation have been central to the Organization’s efforts to maintain international peace and security."/> <meta name="author" content="United Nations"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="/en/global-issues/disarmament" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="/en/node/162761" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-Z047KJJ47B'); gtag('config', 'G-Z047KJJ47B'); </script> <title>Disarmament | United Nations</title> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Disarmament | United Nations"> <meta name="DC.Description" content="Since the birth of the United Nations, the goals of multilateral disarmament and arms limitation have been central to the Organization’s efforts to maintain international peace and security."> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="United Nations"> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="United Nations"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="United Nations"> <meta property="og:title" content="Disarmament | United Nations"> <meta property="og:description" content="Since the birth of the United Nations, the goals of multilateral disarmament and arms limitation have been central to the Organization’s efforts to maintain international peace and security."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/disarmament-burundi.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2000"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1125"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/disarmament"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Disarmament | United Nations"> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/disarmament"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Since the birth of the United Nations, the goals of multilateral disarmament and arms limitation have been central to the Organization’s efforts to maintain international peace and security."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/disarmament-burundi.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="2000px"> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="1125px">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PD5P6B6');</script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-LQCS');</script>  <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/modules/system/system.base.css?slg8yl"); </style> <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/calendar/css/calendar_multiday.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/date/date_repeat_field/date_repeat_field.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/modules/field/theme/field.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/modules/node/node.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/views/css/views.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/media/modules/media_wysiwyg/css/media_wysiwyg.base.css?slg8yl"); </style> <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/ctools/css/ctools.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/modules/locale/locale.css?slg8yl"); </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@unicorn-fail/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2/dist/3.3.1/7.x-3.x/drupal-bootstrap.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:400,700|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Roboto:300,400,400i,500,700&display=swap&subset=cyrillic" media="all" /> <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/fontawesome/css/all.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/fontawesome/css/v4-shims.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/css/style.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/libraries/owlcarousel/assets/owl.carousel.min.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/libraries/owlcarousel/assets/owl.theme.default.min.css?slg8yl"); </style> <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/css/bootstrap-accessibility.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/css/style-chronicle.css?slg8yl"); @import url("https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/css/style-wss.css?slg8yl"); </style>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery/2.2/jquery.min.js?v=2.2.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript">jQuery.migrateMute=true;jQuery.migrateTrace=false;</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery-migrate/1/jquery-migrate.min.js?v=1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/misc/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js?v=2.2.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/misc/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js?v=2.2.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/misc/jquery.once.js?v=1.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/misc/drupal.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/jquery_update/js/jquery_browser.js?v=0.0.1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/entityreference/js/entityreference.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/libraries/owlcarousel/owl.carousel.min.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/modules/owlcarousel/includes/js/owlcarousel.settings.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/js/bootstrap-add-clear/bootstrap-add-clear.min.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/js/bootstrap-accessibility.min.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/js/dropdown.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/js/custom.js?slg8yl"></script> <script type="text/javascript">jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"bootstrap_un2","theme_token":"aOiyyjhKRyhLSC4CPB0X4iRkMcInLG9Sa0HU8p5rODY","js":{"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/2.2\/jquery.min.js":1,"0":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery-migrate\/1\/jquery-migrate.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_browser.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/entityreference\/js\/entityreference.js":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@3.4.1\/dist\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/libraries\/owlcarousel\/owl.carousel.min.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/owlcarousel\/includes\/js\/owlcarousel.settings.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/js\/bootstrap-add-clear\/bootstrap-add-clear.min.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/js\/bootstrap-accessibility.min.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/js\/dropdown.js":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/js\/custom.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/calendar\/css\/calendar_multiday.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/date\/date_repeat_field\/date_repeat_field.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/media\/modules\/media_wysiwyg\/css\/media_wysiwyg.base.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/modules\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"modules\/locale\/locale.css":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@3.4.1\/dist\/css\/bootstrap.css":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/@unicorn-fail\/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2\/dist\/3.3.1\/7.x-3.x\/drupal-bootstrap.css":1,"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:400,700|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Roboto:300,400,400i,500,700\u0026display=swap\u0026subset=cyrillic":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/fontawesome\/css\/all.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/fontawesome\/css\/v4-shims.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/style.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/libraries\/owlcarousel\/assets\/owl.carousel.min.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/libraries\/owlcarousel\/assets\/owl.theme.default.min.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/bootstrap-accessibility.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/style-chronicle.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/style-africa-events.css":1,"sites\/un2.un.org\/themes\/bootstrap_un2\/css\/style-wss.css":1}},"ogContext":{"groupType":"node","gid":"117468"},"bootstrap":{"anchorsFix":"0","anchorsSmoothScrolling":"0","formHasError":1,"popoverEnabled":1,"popoverOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"right","selector":"","trigger":"click","triggerAutoclose":1,"title":"","content":"","delay":0,"container":"body"},"tooltipEnabled":1,"tooltipOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"auto left","selector":"","trigger":"hover focus","delay":0,"container":"body"}}});</script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in one-sidebar sidebar-first page-node page-node- page-node-162761 node-type-article og-context og-context-node og-context-node-117468 i18n-en property-type-8450 article-type-6" >  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PD5P6B6" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-LQCS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <section class="region region-css"> <section id="block-block-6" class="block block-block clearfix"> <style> body.i18n-ht header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-btn { background: url(https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/logo_ht.svg) no-repeat; width: 32.4rem; } body.i18n-ht .footer .footer-brand a { background: url(https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/images/logo-fr-reverse.svg) no-repeat; } body.front ul.language-switcher-locale-url li.tr, body.front ul.language-switcher-locale-url li.uk, body.front ul.language-switcher-locale-url li.ht { display: none; } p.alert-info em { margin-right: 0.15em; } .views-field-body a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .views-field-body h3 a { border-bottom: none; } a#more_button { border-bottom: solid 0.1rem #009edb; } /* blockquote-promo */ .blockquote-promo blockquote { border: none; } .blockquote-promo blockquote h3:before { content: "\f10d"; font-family: 'Fontawesome'; float: left; margin-left: -67px; margin-top: -40px; font-size: 5rem; padding-right: 20px; } body.i18n-ar .blockquote-promo blockquote h3:before { float: right; content: "\f10e"; margin-right: -60px; padding-left: 20px; } .blockquote-promo .quote-bg { background-color: #009edb !important; position: relative; height: 30rem; } .blockquote-promo .quote-image { width: 650px; position: absolute; right: 6%; bottom: 0; display: block; max-width: 35%; } .blockquote-promo .quote-text h3 { color:white !important; font-size: calc(27px + 6 * ((100vw - 320px) / 680)) !important; letter-spacing: -0.77px; line-height: 1.5; } .blockquote-promo .quote-text--sm h3 { font-size: calc(20px + 6 * ((100vw - 320px) / 680)) !important; color: white !important; letter-spacing: -0.77px; line-height: 1.4; } .blockquote-promo .quote-text footer { color: black; font-size: 100%; } .blockquote-promo .word-highlighted { background-color:black !important; border-radius: 25px; padding: 0 9px; } .embed-responsive-21by9 { padding-bottom:42.85%; } .call-to-action { padding: 2.714286rem 1.428571429rem; margin: 3rem 6rem; font-size: 17.5px !important; border-top: 2px dashed #009edb; border-bottom: 2px dashed #009edb; width: 65%; } .view-upcoming-events .event-info { padding-top: 4rem; } .view-upcoming-events .event-info-item { padding-bottom: 20px; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; } .view-upcoming-events .event-container { border-bottom: solid 2px #f2f2f2; padding-bottom: 3rem; } .view-upcoming-events .event-content { padding: 3rem 8rem; } .view-upcoming-events .event-image { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; } .view-upcoming-events .fa-map-marker { margin: 0 5px !important; } body.i18n-zh-hans .front-wrapper .unorg-home-hero .flex-row p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; } body.not-front.i18n-zh-hans .main-container ul li { font-size: 15.6px; line-height: 21.6px; } body.not-front.i18n-zh-hans p { text-indent: 0; } body.node-type-event.i18n-zh-hans .node-event .field-name-field-event-date, body.node-type-event.i18n-zh-hans .node-event .span.date-display-range, body.node-type-event.i18n-zh-hans .node-event .field-name-field-location .field-item { line-height: 1.42857143; } .social-media li.tumblr a::before { font-size: 2.4rem; font-family: "FontAwesome" !important; content: "\f174"; color: #c4c4c4; display: inline-block; } .social-media li.tiktok a::before { font-size: inherit; content: ""; } .social-media li.tiktok a { font-size: inherit; background: url(/sites/un2.un.org/files/tiktok_1.svg) no-repeat; height: 34px; width: 34px; line-height: 34px; } .block.heading-border::after { content: ''; display: block; margin-left: 1px; margin-top: 1.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; border-top: #009edb solid 3px; width: 33%; } .allpadding-sm { padding: 30px; } a.view-more-link::after { font-family: FontAwesome; margin-left: 3px; color: #00a1d9; content: "\f101"; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; } body.i18n-ar a.view-more-link::after { margin-right: 3px; content: "\f100"; } .property_home_page_section_first { margin-bottom: 4rem; } body.property-type-7 .property_home_page_section_first, body.property-type-10 .property_home_page_section_first { margin-bottom: 0; } body.node-type-book #block-system-main img { width: inherit; } body.page-node-40059 #un_org_home_fact_cards { display: none; } #bs-navbar-main-menu { clear: both; } .main-container.container { margin-top: 2rem; } body.node-type-article .owl-carousel .owl-item .image-metadata { margin-left: inherit; } .node-type-page h1, .node-type-page .h1, .node-type-slideshow h1.page-header { font-size: 3.2rem; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.77px; line-height: 1; } body.not-front.i18n-ar.node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts { letter-spacing: 0.0px; line-height: 1.6; text-align: right; text-shadow: 0 0 0.1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); padding: 0.2rem 1.7rem 0.4rem 0; border-right: solid 0.5rem rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); border-left: 0; } body.front.i18n-ar .section.facts .card .views-field-body { padding-top: 2.6rem; background: none; } body.front.i18n-ar .section.facts .card ~ .card ~ .card ~ .card .views-field-body, body.front.i18n-ar .section.facts .card ~ .card ~ .card .views-field-body, body.front.i18n-ar .section.facts .card ~ .card .views-field-body { background-image: none; } .view-id-property_cards_by_nodequeue_page.view-display-id-page_1 .views-field-og-group-ref { display: none; } body.not-logged-in .alert.error, body.page-node-54315 .alert.error, body.node-type-page .alert.error { display:none; } body.not-logged-in.page-node-170435 .alert.error { display:inherit; } ul#main-menu li.menu-17747.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17758.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17754.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17784.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17760.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17756.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17973.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17976.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17979.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17997.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-18000.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-18003.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-18696.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-17856.top-level > a , ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-24886.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-24356.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-28784.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-31944.top-level a { background-color: #c20000; } ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-22773.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a,ul#main-menu li.menu-25685.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-25892.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a { background-color: #c20000; } ul#main-menu li.menu-17747.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17747.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17747.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17758.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17758.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17758.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17754.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17754.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17754.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17784.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17784.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17784.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17760.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17760.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17760.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-17756.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-17756.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-17756.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25685.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25685.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25685.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25892.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25892.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25892.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25970.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-25994.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-23525.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-39043.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.active-menu { background-color: #f2f2f2; } ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-23304.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45709.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-22773.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22773.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.hover, { background-color: #f2f2f2; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 .view-header { margin-bottom: 2rem; } .view-articles-by-property-view.view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_2 { margin-top: 5rem; margin-bottom: 5rem; } body.not-front .field-content.post-date { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.1666; color: #4d4c4c; letter-spacing: 0.77px; text-transform: uppercase; display: block; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; } body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article li, body.property-type-9040 p, body.property-type-9040 li, body.property-type-8447 p, body.property-type-8447 li, body.property-type-8450 p, body.property-type-8450 li { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin-right: 0; } body.og-context-node-102953 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102950 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102947 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102932 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102944 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102941 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 71px; width: 77px; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62045 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 75px; width: 85px; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { margin-top: -2px; width: 78px; height: 78px; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 84px !important; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_5 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_9 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_10 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-article .read-more-button { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .section.more-stories-by::after { border-top: none; } .view-articles-by-issue-with-podcast .views-field-php { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-54396.node-type-article ul.breadcrumb { display:none; } .og-context-node-54396 .footer-fluid, .page-isotope-articles .footer-fluid { margin-top: 4rem; } .view-property-slideshows-by-taxonomy .item { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item { margin-top: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item:first-child { margin-top: 0; } body.node-type-page h1 { font-size:4rem; } .library_field { margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 700; } .historical-note { font-size: 12px; } .small-view .views-field-title { width: 94%; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 90%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1em; list-style: inherit; } node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: inherit; } body.property-type-11 .view-articles-by-property-view ul li { margin-top: 1rem; } body.node-type-file-object article ul { list-style: inherit; } body.node-type-file-object article ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } /* body.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section_articles_second {*/ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } /* body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { font-size: 0; } */ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container .property_home_page_section_articles_first { font-size: inherit; } body.front.i18n-fr .aan_image, body.front.i18n-es .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ru .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ar .aan_image, body.front.i18n-zh-hans .aan_image { display:none; } .page-node-81254.og-context-node-81254 .view-id-unorg_home_top_multiitem_nodequeue .unorg-home-hero { margin-bottom: 5rem; } /* dhl */ .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size:12px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59110 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59107 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { font-size: 10px; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74753.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-left: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74777.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-right: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 p { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3 ul li { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 h1.page-header { font-size: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3 { margin-top: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74774 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74777 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { white-space: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 3px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size: 12px; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 15px; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774, body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 p { font-size: 1.61rem; line-height: 1.61; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 h3 { font-size: 2.8rem; line-height: 1.34; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 .home-footer h4 { font-size: 2.3rem; line-height: 1.265; } .not-front .home-footer .footer-fluid .footer.container.dark ul li::before { content: ""; } /* /dhl */ body.article-type-7 .node-sidebar .field-name-body.field-type-text-with-summary.field-label-above .field-label { display: none; } /* .page-calendar-by-property .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } */ .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { z-index:10; } body.node-type-file-object article .field-name-field-image.field-type-image img { width: inherit; } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts { font-size: 2.2rem; color: white; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.1818; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0 0 0.1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); padding: 0.2rem 0 0.4rem 1.7rem; border-left: solid 0.5rem rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts a { color: white; } .property-type-14 .unorg-home-5x4.third-story { margin-top: 3rem; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg { background-color: inherit; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-98731.node-type-page #block-system-main img{ width: inherit; } /* .view-articles-by-property-view .row h3 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } */ body.page-articles-by-property-local-category .view-articles-by-property-view .row .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .page-node-106961 #toggle-play, .page-node-106961 #toggle-pause { bottom: 180px; } .view-dhl.view-display-id-page .views-widget-filter-data_1 { display: none; } .view-un-org-home-news-row.view-id-un_org_home_news_row.view-display-id-block_2 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_1 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_5 p { font-size: 14px; } .un-org-home-news-row-block-2 { margin-top: 4rem; } body.not-front.i18n-ar div.category { letter-spacing: inherit; text-transform: inherit; } body.node-type-book .book-toc { display: none; } .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.single-day div.monthview { background: inherit; } .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.monthview .contents, .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .week-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.weekview .contents { right: 0; left: 5px; } .navbar-full.navbar { background-color: #4d4d4d; padding: 0; height: 34px; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 30%); margin-bottom: 0; z-index: 99; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol, body.not-front .views-field-body ol { list-style-type: decimal; } ol.blue-list li::marker { color: #009edb; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol li, body.not-front .views-field-body ol li { margin-left: 2rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page h3 { clear: both; padding:0.5em 0; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 50px; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; display: inline; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row { clear: both; margin-bottom: 1rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .full_observances_list { text-align: right; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list { text-align: left; } .full_observances_list a::after { font-family: FontAwesome; margin-left: 3px; color: #00a1d9; content: "\f101"; line-height: 1; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list a::after { margin-right: 3px; content: "\f100"; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { background-color: #ffffff !important; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; } body.page-node-132204.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { padding-top: inherit; padding-bottom: inherit; } .i18n-ar .front-wrapper header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand { font-size: 2.1rem; margin-top: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.6; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a { background-color: #009edb; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active-menu { background: #f2f2f2; color: black; } body.node-type-article #toggle-play, body.node-type-article #toggle-pause { bottom: 150px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1000px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; width: 500px !important; float: right; display: block; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 0px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 720px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 360px !important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 400px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 200px !important; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.front #live_now_button { display: block; float: left !important; } body.front.i18n-ar #live_now_button { float: right !important; } header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-btn::after { border-right: 0; } body.not-front header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 40px; width: 89px; } body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-1, body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-2 { margin-top: 60px; padding: 0; } body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active, body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { padding: 0; position: inherit; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 2em; background-color: #ffffff; float: none; border-bottom: #f2f2f2 solid 1px; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive table.table { font-size: 8px; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive > .table > tbody > tr > td { white-space: inherit; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 55%; } body.node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { width: 55%; } } /*Ocean 2022 logo*/ /* body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 261px !important; height: 79px !important; margin-top: 0; } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 164px !important; height: 50px !important; margin-top: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 66px !important; margin-top: -14px; } } */ </style> </section> <section id="block-block-60" class="block block-block clearfix"> <style type="text/css">/* -- begin added by Tulin -- */ /* ****** effects for headers ***** */ h1.header-entry-page { font-size: 4.5rem !important; } h3.header-lg { font-size: 4rem; } h3.header-md { font-size: 3rem; } .heading-underlined-blue::after { content: ''; display: block; margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem 0; border-top: #00a1d9 solid 3px; width: 33%; } .heading-underlined-blue { margin-top: 5rem; } .heading-center-underline { text-align: center !important; } .heading-center-underline::after { content: ''; display: block; margin-left: 25% !important; margin-right: 50% !important; text-align: center; margin-top: 1.0501050105rem; border-top: #009edb solid 3px; width: 50% !important; } /* ******* layout visual aid **** */ blockquote p::before { content: "\f10d"; font-family: 'Fontawesome'; float: left; margin-right: 10px; } .grey-well { padding: 5rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; border-radius: 0px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } .blue-well { background-color: #009edb; padding: 5rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; /*padding: 35px 35px; margin-bottom: 35px; text-align: center;*/ } .blue-well p, .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul, .blue-well li, .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { color: #ffffff !important; font-size: 1.75rem !important; /*line-height: normal !important;*/ letter-spacing: normal; font-weight: 500; list-style: inherit; } .blue-well-nav-bar { padding: 2rem; } .blue-well h3, .blue-well h4 { color: #ffffff !important; font-size: 2.25rem !important; letter-spacing: normal; } .blue-well-large-text { font-size: 2rem !important; font-weight: 700; } .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul { padding-left: 2rem; } .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #ffffff; } .blue-well a:hover { border-bottom: none; } .blue-well-header { color: #ffffff !important; line-height: normal !important; } .vertical-line-left { border-left: solid #eeeeee 5px; font-size: 1.2em; padding: 1em 1em; margin-bottom: 1.2em !important; } .vertical-line-right { border-right: 1px solid rgba(51,51,51,.2); font-size: 1.2em; padding: 1em 1em; margin-bottom: 1.2em !important; } .horizontal-line-top-drk { border-top: solid #aaa 1px; padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0; margin: 4rem 0 auto 0; max-width: 70%; } .horizontal-line-top { border-top: solid #eeeeee 5px; padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0; margin: 4rem 0 auto 0; max-width: 70%; } .horizontal-line-top-blue-arrow { border-top: solid #eeeeee 5px; background: url(https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/arrow.png) no-repeat; margin-top: 20px; min-height: 30px; padding-left: 40px; max-width: 60%; } .top-bottom-dashed-line { margin: 3rem auto; padding: 3rem 3rem; border-top: 2px dashed #aaa; border-bottom: 2px dashed #aaa; width: 95%; } /* ***** padding and text copy-specific styles ***** */ .top-padding { margin-top: 2rem; } .photo-credit { font-size: 14px !important; margin-bottom: 2rem; } .caps { text-transform: uppercase; } .text-tagline { font-size: 2rem !important; font-weight: 700; } .text-blue { color: #337ab7; } .text-lead-lg { font-size: 18px !important; } /* **** icons for links ***** */ a.icon-blue-book::after { font-family: 'FontAwesome'; content:'\f2b9'; color:#009edb; padding: 0 1px 0 5px; } a.social-icon-android::after { font-family: 'FontAwesome'; content:'\f17b'; color:#009edb; padding: 0 1px 0 5px; } a.social-icon-apple::after { font-family: 'FontAwesome'; content:'\f179'; color:#009edb; padding: 0 1px 0 5px; } /* ***** lists ul/ol ***** */ ul.underline-links li a, ol.underline-links li a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333 } ul.underline-links li a:hover, ol.underline-links li a:hover { border-bottom: none; } ol.ol-decimal { list-style-type: decimal; } ol.ol-lower-latin { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } ol.ol-decimal, ol.ol-lower-latin { margin: 1rem 1.5rem; padding: 0.5rem 1rem 1.75rem 1rem; } ol.ol-decimal li, ol.ol-lower-latin li { margin: 1.5rem 0; padding-left: 2rem; } ul.block-list li { font-weight: 700; border-bottom: #eeeeee dotted 2px; } ul.spaced-list li { padding: 1.5rem 0; } ul.block-list li a:before { font-family: FontAwesome; display: inline-block; padding-right: 6px; vertical-align: middle; content: "\f105"; font-size: 32.24px; font-weight: 600; color: #009edb; margin-right: 0.3em; } ul.block-list li h4 a:before { display: none; } /* ul.block-list li.leaf:before { font-family: FontAwesome; display: inline-block; padding-right: 6px; vertical-align: middle; content: "\f105"; font-size: 32.24px; font-weight: 600; color: #009edb; margin-right: 0.3em; }*/ ul.block-list li a { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 600; } /* ************* side bar nav menu **************** */ .node-sidebar-item-body .menu > li > a { padding: 10px 0px; /* font-weight: bold; */ } .node-sidebar-item-body ul { list-style: none; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { margin: 10px 0px; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .node-sidebar-item-body p a:hover { border-bottom: none; } .menu-sub { padding-left: 2em; list-style: circle !important; } /* ********* some padding for side bar items ********** */ .node-sidebar-item-body { margin-top: 1em; } /************ some interactivity */ .eventitem { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); -ms-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); -webkit-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; -ms-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; } .eventitem:hover { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); -moz-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); -ms-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); -o-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); opacity: 0.7; } /* ******* phone ********** */ @media (max-width: 400px) { .grey-well { padding: 1rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; border-radius: 0px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } } /* -- end added by Tulin -- */ /* -- begin added by Gedi --*/ .back-button { margin-top: 1em; } .card-body a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .back-to-toplink { text-align: right; padding-top: 5px; font-size: 1.2em; } .back-to-toplink a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .flag-container { float: right !important; } .country { box-shadow: 5px 5px 3px #f2f2f2; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; } #memberStatesIndex { border: solid 1px #000; background: #eee; padding: 10px; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1em; } #memberStatesIndex a { padding: 9px; font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: 700; } .member-state-grouping-letter { text-align: center; font-size: 2em !important; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0 0.5em 0; } .member-state-grouping-letter a { border: none; } .onimage_title { display: none; } .main-container.container { margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 3em; } .image-metadata { border:none; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; } .carousel-caption.top-text { bottom: 30px; padding: 10px; background: rgba(77,77,77,0.9); border-radius: 10px; left: 5%; right: 5%; } .carousel-caption.top-text p { text-align: left; color:#ffffff; } .carousel-caption.top-text button { background-color: #009edb; } .section1 { margin-top: 15px!important; margin-bottom: 25px !important; } h2.international-selection { text-align: center; } .observances { background: #009EDB; padding: 15px 0; } .observance-item { background: #4d4d4d; } .observance-item-title { padding:5px 10px !important; font-size: 2.5rem !important; } .observance-item-title a { color:#ffffff !important; } .observance-item-title a:hover { text-decoration: underline !important; } .international-items { padding: 20px; box-shadow: 5px 5px 3px #f2f2f2; position: relative; } .international-items.resolution { bottom: 20px; right: 20px; text-align: right; } /* **** adjusting for screen size ***** */ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { .carousel-caption.top-text { /*top: 100px;*/ bottom: 100px; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px; width: 360px; left: 5%; right: 60%; } .carousel-caption.top-text p { color:#ffffff; width: 310px; margin: auto 0; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { .un-anniversaries { text-align: right; } .un-multilingualism { text-align: left; } .unorg-home-hero.col-md-3 { width: 25% !important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { .international-items { height: 205px; } .international-items.resolution { position: absolute; } } /* ******************** end added by Gedi ***************** */ </style> </section> </section>  <div class="wrapper">   <nav id="brand-bar" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">  <div class="container-fluid brandbar-header language-switcher"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#language-switcher" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">Welcome to the United Nations</a> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse" id="language-switcher"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul class="language-switcher-locale-url nav navbar-nav navbar-right" role="menu"> <ul class="language-switcher-locale-url"><li class="ar first"><a href="/ar/global-issues/disarmament" class="language-link" xml:lang="ar" title="نزع السلاح" role="menuitem">العربية</a></li> <li class="zh-hans"><a href="/zh/global-issues/disarmament" class="language-link" xml:lang="zh-hans" title="裁军" role="menuitem">中文</a></li> <li class="nl"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="nl" role="menuitem">Nederlands</span></li> <li class="en active"><a href="/en/global-issues/disarmament" class="language-link active" xml:lang="en" title="Disarmament" role="menuitem">English</a></li> <li class="fr"><a href="/fr/global-issues/disarmament" class="language-link" xml:lang="fr" title="Désarmement" role="menuitem">Français</a></li> <li class="ht"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="ht" role="menuitem">Kreyòl</span></li> <li class="hi"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="hi" role="menuitem">हिन्दी</span></li> <li class="pt"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="pt" role="menuitem">Português</span></li> <li class="ru"><a href="/ru/global-issues/disarmament" class="language-link" xml:lang="ru" title="Разоружение" role="menuitem">Русский</a></li> <li class="es"><a href="/es/global-issues/disarmament" class="language-link" xml:lang="es" title="Desarme" role="menuitem">Español</a></li> <li class="sw"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="sw" role="menuitem">Kiswahili</span></li> <li class="tr"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="tr" role="menuitem">Türkçe</span></li> <li class="uk last"><span class="language-link locale-untranslated" xml:lang="uk" role="menuitem">Українська</span></li> </ul> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </nav>   <header id="navbar" role="banner" class=""> <div class="container">  <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="logo navbar-btn pull-left flip master_menu_and_masthead" href="/en" title="United Nations"> <img src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap_un2/logo.png" alt="UN logo" /> </a> <a class="navbar-brand pull-left flip" href="" title="Peace, dignity and equality <BR>on a healthy planet">Peace, dignity and equality <BR>on a healthy planet</a> <div class="search-form col-md-3 hidden-sm hidden-xs pull-right flip"> <section class="region region-search"> <section id="block-search-form" class="block block-search clearfix"> <form class="form-search content-search" action="/site-search/" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div> <h2 class="element-invisible">Search the United Nations</h2> <div class="input-group"> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." placeholder="Search" class="form-control form-text" type="text" name="query" value="" size="15" maxlength="128"> <span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"><span class="element-invisible">Submit Search</span><i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></button></span> </div> </form> <div class="advanced-search"><a href="/en/site-index">A-Z Site Index</a></div> </section> </section> </div>  <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-navbar-main-menu"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-navbar-main-menu"> <ul id="main-menu" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="menu-23298 top-level"> <a href="/en/about-us" role="button" class="" aria-expanded="false" title="">About Us <span class="sf-sub-indicator"> »</span> </a> <ul class="subnav " id="subnav-23298"> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us" title="" class="">About Us</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/member-states" title="" class="">Member States</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/main-bodies" title="" class="">Main Bodies</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sg/en" title="" class="">Secretary-General</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/secretariat" title="" class="">Secretariat</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/un-system" title="" class="">UN System</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/history-of-the-un" title="" class="">History</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/un-emblem-and-flag" title="" class="">Emblem and Flag</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/un-charter" title="" class="">UN Charter</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights" title="" class="">UDHR</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/un-charter/statute-of-the-international-court-of-justice" title="" class="">ICJ Statute</a> </li> <li class="menu-23298"> <a href="/en/about-us/nobel-peace-prize" title="" class="">Nobel Peace Prize</a> </li></ul></li> <li class="menu-23299 top-level"> <a href="/en/our-work" role="button" class="" aria-expanded="false" title="">Our Work <span class="sf-sub-indicator"> »</span> </a> <ul class="subnav " id="subnav-23299"> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/our-work" title="" class="">Our Work</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/our-work/maintain-international-peace-and-security" title="" class="">Peace and Security</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/our-work/protect-human-rights" title="" class="">Human Rights</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/our-work/deliver-humanitarian-aid" title="" class="">Humanitarian Aid</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/our-work/support-sustainable-development-and-climate-action" title="" class="">Sustainable Development and Climate</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/our-work/uphold-international-law" title="" class="">International Law</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/global-issues" title="" class="">Global Issues</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/our-work/documents" title="" class="">Documents</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/our-work/official-languages" title="" class="">Official Languages</a> </li> <li class="menu-23299"> <a href="/en/observances" title="" class="">Observances</a> </li></ul></li> <li class="menu-23301 top-level"> <a href="/en/events-and-news" role="button" title="" class="">Events and News </a></li> <li class="menu-23297 top-level"> <a href="/en/get-involved" role="button" title="" class="">Get Involved </a></li></ul> </div> </div>  </header> <header role="banner" id="page-header"> </header>  <div class="main-container container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <section> <div class="banner_alert"> <div class="view view-banner-by-property view-id-banner_by_property view-display-id-block view-dom-id-8eab85214b632da8e2f8a512e6a34d9b"> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a>  <section class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-9"> <div id="node-162761" class="node node-article clearfix" about="/en/global-issues/disarmament" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <div class="field-name-field-image"><img src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/styles/large-article-image-style-16-9/public/field/image/disarmament-burundi.jpg" alt="pile of guns on fire"/></div> <div class="image-metadata"><span class="image-caption">Weapons being burnt during the official launch of the Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration (DDRR) process in Muramvya, Burundi. Burundian military signed up voluntarily to be disarmed under the auspices of UN peacekeepers. UN Photo/Martine Perret</span></div> <div class="category">Global Issues</div> <h1 class="text-center">Disarmament</h1> <div class="content"> <div class="article-body"> <p>Since the birth of the United Nations, the goals of multilateral disarmament and arms limitation have been central to the Organization’s efforts to <a href="https://www.un.org/en/our-work/maintain-international-peace-and-security">maintain international peace and security.</a></p> <p>The UN has given highest priority to reducing and eventually eliminating nuclear weapons, destroying chemical weapons, and strengthening the prohibition of biological weapons – all of which pose the direst threats to humankind.</p> <p>While these objectives have remained constant over the years, the scope of deliberations and negotiations has changed as political realities and the international situation has evolved.</p> <p>The global community is addressing the spread of small arms, light weapons and landmines, which pose a threat to societies and harm civilians, especially women and children. It's acknowledged that different types of weapons impact people of all genders and ages differently.</p> <p>The UN is also focusing on the impact of new information, telecommunications technologies and other emerging technologies on international security.</p> <p>Through global efforts, several multilateral treaties and instruments have been established with the aim of regulating, restricting, or eliminating certain weapons. These include the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, the Biological and Chemical Weapons Convention, the Anti-Personnel Landmine Convention, the Convention on Cluster Munitions, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Arms Trade Treaty.</p> <h2>Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation</h2> <p>Nuclear weapons are the most dangerous weapons on earth. One can destroy a whole city, potentially killing millions, and jeopardizing the natural environment and lives of future generations through its long-term catastrophic effects. The dangers from such weapons arise from their very existence. </p> <p>Although <a href="https://disarmament.unoda.org/wmd/nuclear/">nuclear weapons</a> have only been used twice in warfare, about 12,500 reportedly remain in our world today and there have been over 2,000 nuclear tests conducted to date. Disarmament is the best protection against such dangers but achieving this goal has been a tremendously difficult challenge.</p> <p>The UN has sought to eliminate such weapons ever since its establishment. The <a href="http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/1(I)">first resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly</a> in 1946 established a Commission to deal with problems related to the discovery of atomic energy among others. The Commission was to make proposals for, inter alia, the control of atomic energy to the extent necessary to ensure its use only for peaceful purposes.</p> <p>Several multilateral treaties have since been established with the aim of preventing nuclear proliferation and testing, while promoting progress in nuclear disarmament.</p> <p>These include the <a href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/npt" target="_blank">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)</a>, the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests In The Atmosphere, In Outer Space And Under Water, also known as the <a href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/ctbt" target="_blank">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)</a>, which was signed in 1996 but has yet to enter into force, and the <a href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/tpnw">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)</a>.</p> <div align="center" style="padding-top:2em;"><img alt="IAEA safeguards inspectors at work" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/nuclear-safeguards.jpg" style="width: 80%;"> <div align="left" class="image-metadata"><span class="image-caption" style="max-width:70%;">IAEA Nuclear safeguards are aimed at deterring the diversion of nuclear material or the misuse of technology for proscribed activities, and to ensure that nuclear technology is placed exclusively in the service of peace and development. Photo: © IAEA</span></div> </div> <h2>Missiles</h2> <p>Missiles continue to be a focus of increased international attention, discussion, and activity. Their potential to carry and deliver <a href="https://disarmament.unoda.org/wmd/">weapons of mass destruction</a> (WMD) payload quickly and accurately makes missiles a qualitatively significant political and military issue. In addition, the diversity of international views on matters related to missiles poses a particular challenge for efforts to address the issue in multilateral fora.</p> <p>Currently, there is no legally binding multilateral instrument dealing with the issue of missiles.</p> <p>Pursuant to General Assembly resolutions, three Panels of Government Experts devoted to the issue of missiles have been established within the United Nations. Presently, several other multilateral regimes exist which seek to prevent the proliferation of missiles and related technology. These include, notably, the <a href="http://www.hcoc.at/" target="_blank">Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC)</a> and the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).</p> <h2>Biological Weapons</h2> <p>The international taboo against biological weapons grew out of the horrors of the First World War. Their use has long been established as contrary to the laws of humanity and the dictates of public conscience.</p> <p>Biological weapons disseminate disease-causing organisms or toxins to harm or kill humans, animals, or plants. They can be deadly and highly contagious. Diseases caused by such weapons would not confine themselves to national borders and could spread rapidly around the world.</p> <p>The consequences of the deliberate release of biological agents or toxins by state or non-state actors could be dramatic. In addition to the tragic loss of lives, such events could cause food shortages, environmental catastrophes, devastating economic loss, and widespread illness, fear, and mistrust among the public.</p> <p>Long-sought efforts to globally eliminate these weapons of mass destruction finally came to fruition with the conclusion in 1972 of the Biological Weapons Convention.</p> <p>The <a href="https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/BWC-text-English-1.pdf">Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)</a> effectively prohibits the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of biological and toxin weapons. It was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning an entire category of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).</p> <h2>Chemical Weapons</h2> <div align="center" style="padding-top:2em;"><img alt="people in protective gear inspecting liquid" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/chemical-weapons.jpg" style="width: 80%;"> <div align="left" class="image-metadata"><span class="image-caption" style="max-width:70%;">Next generation of OPCW inspector professionals trained for mission deployment. Photo: © OPCW</span></div> </div> <p>The modern use of chemical weapons began with World War I, when both sides to the conflict used poisonous gas to inflict agonizing suffering and to cause significant battlefield casualties.</p> <p>Such weapons basically consisted of well-known commercial chemicals put into standard munitions such as grenades and artillery shells. Chlorine, phosgene (a choking agent) and mustard gas were among the chemicals used.</p> <p>The results were indiscriminate and often devastating. Nearly 100,000 deaths resulted. Since World War I, chemical weapons have caused more than one million casualties globally.</p> <p>Long-sought efforts to globally eliminate these weapons of mass destruction finally came to fruition with the conclusion in 1993 of the <a href="https://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention">Chemical Weapons Convention</a>.</p> <p>The Convention aims to eliminate an entire category of weapons of mass destruction by prohibiting the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of chemical weapons; to prevent their re-emergence; to ensure the elimination of existing stocks of such weapons; and, in so doing, to make the world safe from the threat of chemical warfare.</p> <h2>Conventional Weapons</h2> <p>Conventional arms are weapons other than weapons of mass destruction. They are the most commonly known and widely used armaments in conflict and crime settings and encompass a wide range of equipment, including battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, large-caliber artillery systems, combat aircraft and  uncrewed combat aerial vehicles (UCAV), attack helicopters, warships, missile and missile launchers, landmines, cluster munitions, small arms, and lights weapons and ammunition.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter">UN Charter</a> does not forbid its <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states">Member States</a> to own and use conventional arms when this is done in conformity with international law. This is the reason why the terms “arms control” and “arms limitations” are more often used than “disarmament” when referring to conventional arms.</p> <p>Some conventional weapons, however, may cause humanitarian concern either because of the way they are used or may be used, or because of their design which makes them incompatible with international humanitarian law.</p> <p>Early efforts to address such concerns were made already in the 19th century. A more recent example of legally binding regulations and limitations in the use of conventional weapons is the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/the-convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons/" target="_blank">Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW)</a> is a key instrument of international humanitarian law and, with its five Protocols, seeks to ban or restrict the use of specific types of weapons (non-detectable fragments; mines, booby-traps and other devices; incendiary weapons; blinding laser weapons and explosive remnants of war) that have indiscriminate effects on civilians or cause unnecessary suffering for combatants.</p> <div align="center" style="padding-top:2em;"><img alt="men seen from above, sorting weapons and ammunition" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/drc-ammunition.jpg" style="width: 80%;"> <div align="left" class="image-metadata"><span class="image-caption" style="max-width:70%;">A peacekeeper of the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) takes stock of weapons and ammunition collected during the demobilization process in Matembo, North Kivu, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. UN Photo/Martine Perret</span></div> </div> <h2>Landmines</h2> <p>Every day, people die or lose limbs from stepping on a landmine (anti-personnel and anti-vehicle mines). Mostly in countries at peace – and the majority of victims are civilians.</p> <p>The <a href="https://treaties.unoda.org/t/mine_ban">Anti-personnel Landmine Convention</a>, adopted in 1997, addresses this scourge. It bans the stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel landmines, requires countries to clear them on their territory, while prescribing States in a position to do so to assist affected countries.</p> <p>More than 160 countries have joined this treaty. Its positive impact includes a marked reduction of casualties, an increased number of mine-free States, destroyed stockpiles and improved assistance to victims.</p> <div align="center" style="padding-top:2em;"><img alt="deminer at work" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/demining.jpg" style="width: 80%;"> <div align="left" class="image-metadata"><span class="image-caption" style="max-width:70%;">A member of the UN Mine Action Service (UNMAS) clears the UN base in the Jebel area of Juba of unexploded ordnance (UXO’s) in the aftermath of days of heavy clashes between the two South Sudanese government forces. UN Photo/Eric Kanalstein</span></div> </div> <h3>Demining</h3> <p>In 2017, mines, explosive remnants of conflict, and victim-operated improvised explosive devices caused over 8,600 casualties - twice as many as in 2014.  70 countries and territories, remain contaminated by 110 million landmines and other explosive hazards are an ongoing reminder of conflicts which have been over for years or even decades.</p> <p>The UN aims for a world free of landmines and explosive remnants of war, where individuals and communities live in a safe environment conducive to development and where the needs of victims are met. Twelve UN Departments and Offices of the Secretariat, specialized agencies, funds and programmes play a role in mine-action programs in 30 countries and three territories.</p> <p>Mine action involves more than just removing landmines from the ground. It enables peacekeepers to patrol safely, humanitarian agencies to provide assistance, and citizens to live without fear. It also includes efforts to protect people from danger and help victims reintegrate into their communities.</p> <p>A jointly developed policy is <span class="pdf-link"><a href="https://www.mineaction.org/sites/default/files/documents/maec.pdf">Mine Action and Effective Coordination: the United Nations Inter-Agency Policy</a></span>. It guides the division of labour within the United Nations. Much of the actual work, such as demining and mine risk education, is carried out by nongovernmental organizations. Commercial contractors and, in some situations, militaries, add humanitarian mine-action services to this. Furthermore, a variety of intergovernmental, international and regional organizations, as well as international financial institutions, fund operations and provide services to individuals and communities affected by landmines and explosive remnants of war.</p> <p>The <a href="http://www.unmas.org/">UN Mine Action Service</a> (UNMAS) coordinates the UN's mine-related activities. UNMAS ensures an effective, proactive and coordinated response to the problems of landmines and explosive remnants of war, including cluster munitions. It assesses and monitors the threat posed by mines and unexploded ordnance on an ongoing basis and develops policies and standards. The Service mobilizes resources, and advocates in support of the global ban on anti-personnel landmines.</p> <p>In 2022, UNMAS achieved significant successes, including the destruction of 109,976 explosive remnants of war, 397 improvised explosive devices, and 5,970 landmines. In addition, 159 square kilometers of land were confirmed safe, while 8,468 kilometers of roads were surveyed, cleared and confirmed safe. It also provided face-to-face explosive ordnance risk education to more than 2.6 million people and assisted more than 742 victims of explosive ordnance</p> <p>The UN has addressed the problems posed by landmines since the 1980s. It acted decisively to address the use of weapons having indiscriminate effects when it sponsored the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. In 1996, that Convention was strengthened to include the use of landmines in internal conflicts and to require that all mines be detectable.</p> <p>Eventually, a growing public outcry, combined with the committed action of non-governmental organizations involved in the International Campaign to Ban Land Mines (ICBL), led to the adoption of a comprehensive global agreement.</p> <p>The landmark 1997 <a href="https://legal.un.org/avl/ha/cpusptam/cpusptam.html">UN Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction</a> (Mine-Ban Convention) bans the production, use and export of these weapons and has nearly universal support.  As of February 2024, it <a href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-5&chapter=26&clang=_en">has 164 States parties</a>.</p> <p>A UN <a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/mine-awareness-day">International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action</a> is observed every year on 4 April.</p> <p>In 2015, the UN Secretary-General designated the renowned actor <a href="https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mine-action">Daniel Craig</a> as the first UN Global Advocate for the Elimination of Mines and Explosive Hazards. <a href="https://www.unmas.org/en/unmas/un-global-advocate-elimination-mines-and-explosive-hazards">The famous English movie star concluded his tenure on 4 April  2023</a>.</p> <p>“I urge you, compel you, to continue acknowledging and supporting the essential work that the United Nations is doing. From clearing ground so children can play and walk to school without fear, to patrolling roads for peacekeeping, training local people in the skills they need to keep themselves safe, and rebuilding communities after the devastating results of war and conflict. UNMAS has a fundamental part to play in an ever-changing dangerous world. So, please do keep their essential work in the forefront of your minds”, said Craig in his final <a href="https://www.unmas.org/sites/default/files/global_advocates_message_for_4_april_2023.pdf">message</a> as UN Global Advocate for the Elimination of Mines and Explosive Hazards.</p> <center> <div style="display:block; max-width:80%; position:relative; padding: 1em 2em 2em 1em;"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LcWiyvxpkwE" title="UN Global Advocate Daniel Craig for International Mine Awareness Day 2019"></iframe></div> </div> </center> <h2>Cluster Munitions</h2> <p>A cluster munition consists of a hollow shell that is dropped from the air or fired from the ground. It breaks open in mid-air and releases smaller bombs, or submunitions, that can number in the hundreds and saturate areas as wide as several football fields. This means that everyone in those areas, including civilians, run the risk of being harmed or even killed. The smaller explosive submunitions also sometimes fail to detonate immediately, leaving them capable of killing or maiming at random even long after a conflict has ended.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.clusterconvention.org/">Convention on Cluster Munitions</a> prohibits under any circumstances the use, development, production, acquisition, stockpiling and transfer of cluster munitions, as well as the assistance or encouragement of anyone to engage in prohibited activities. The Convention provides a comprehensive international response to the suffering caused by the use of cluster munitions and their remnants, to prevent the proliferation and future use of these weapons. </p> <p>According to the UN-partnered Cluster Munition Monitor (CMC) there was a dramatic increase in the number of civilians killed by cluster munitions during 2022. The late report issued by the civil society group indicates that 1,172 people were killed or injured in 2022, which is the highest number since regular reporting started in 2010.</p> <h2>Ammunition</h2> <p><a href="https://disarmament.unoda.org/convarms/ammunition/">Stockpiled ammunition</a> can become unsafe if not properly stored. Unintended explosions of ammunition depots have affected over 100 countries worldwide, leading to thousands of casualties over the past 15 years.</p> <p> </p> <p>Moreover, when depots are not well managed, they form an unremitting source for diversion of ammunition to armed groups and criminals, thus sustaining conflict and armed criminal activity.</p> <p>Through the <a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/convarms/ammunition/un-saferguard/" target="_blank">UN Safeguard Programme</a>, the UN works on improving whole-life management of ammunition, thus providing people more safety and more security.</p> <div align="center" style="padding-top:2em;"><img alt="peacekeeper examines magazines from automatic weapons " class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/demobilization-drc.jpg" style="width: 80%;"> <div align="left" class="image-metadata"><span class="image-caption" style="max-width:70%;">A United Nations peacekeeper from the Indian battalion of MONUC examines AK-47 magazines stored in a warehouse after they have been collected in the demobilization process in Matembo, North Kivu, in the DRC. UN Photo/Martine Perret</span></div> </div> <h2>Arms Trade</h2> <p>The ready availability of weapons and ammunition leads to human suffering, political repression, crime, and terror among civilian populations. Illicit arms transfers can destabilize an entire region, enable violations of arms embargoes, and contribute to human rights abuses in countries experiencing conflict and high levels of violence. States affected by conflict or pervasive crime have the most difficulty attaining the <a href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/">Sustainable Development Goals.</a></p> <p>The adoption of the <a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/att/">Arms Trade Treaty</a> (ATT) in April 2013 by the General Assembly of the United Nations marked a turning point in the international community’s efforts to regulate the global trade in conventional arms and promote peace and security.</p> <p>Before the adoption of the ATT, there was no global set of legal rules governing the trade in conventional weapons. The Treaty sets robust international standards to help guide governments in deciding whether or not to authorize arms transfers. It provides for cooperation and assistance to help countries develop adequate regulatory systems and safe weapons stockpiles.</p> <h2>Gender and disarmament</h2> <p>People are differently involved in and impacted by weapons, armed conflict and issues related to weapons and security based on their gender and other factors. Disarmament and arms control processes and policies are more effective when the realities faced by women, men girls and boys are <a href="https://www.disarmamenteducation.org/dashboard/media/modules/206/required_Gender-Fact-Sheet.pdf">taken into consideration</a></p> <p>Multiple international frameworks and UN resolutions recognize the gender dimensions of disarmament and arms control. For example, according to the Arms Trade Treaty, States Parties are legally required to assess how export of conventional weapons and ammunition can be used to commit gender-based violence, and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons acknowledges the disproportionate impact of nuclear radiation on women and girls.</p> <p>In 2000, the Security Council adopted the first of ten resolutions on women, peace and security (WPS) acknowledging the disproportionate and unique impact of armed conflict on women and girls and calling for women’s full involvement in all peace and security efforts. The General Assembly in its resolution <a href="https://disarmament.unoda.org/topics/gender-in-disarmament-resolutions-and-treaties/">65/69 (2010) and eight subsequent resolutions on Women, disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control</a> also encourages better understanding of the gendered impact of armed conflict and recognizes the need to facilitate equal opportunities and increase the participation of women in disarmament decision-making</p> <p>Nevertheless, women remain underrepresented and make up only approximately one third of participants in multilateral disarmament meetings and even fewer are heads of delegations. </p> <div align="center" style="padding-top:2em;"><img alt="woman with child picking up potable water" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/water-distribution.jpg" style="width: 80%;"> <div align="left" class="image-metadata"><span class="image-caption" style="max-width:70%;">Water is distributed in El Srief (North Darfur) where the nearest water point is 15 kilometres away. The activity fosters Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR). UN Photo/Albert Gonzalez Farran</span></div> </div> <h2>Disarmament and Youth</h2> <p>United Nations Secretary-General Guterres articulates in his <a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/sg-agenda/en/">Agenda for Disarmament, Securing Our Common Future</a>, how young people have been a tremendous force for change in the world. The important and positive contribution that young people can make in sustaining peace and security was reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly through its unanimous support for a new resolution entitled, Youth, disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control, adopted on 12 December 2019.</p> <p>Recognizing the importance of young people to bring about change, the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) launched its youth outreach initiative, <a href="https://www.youth4disarmament.org/home?language_content_entity=en">“#Youth4Disarmament”</a> in 2019 to engage, educate and empower young people with the aim of facilitating their meaningful and inclusive participation in the field of disarmament and non-proliferation. The initiative invites youth of all backgrounds, interests and expertise to meaningfully participate in Securing our Common Future - one safer, more sustainable and peaceful for all and future generations.</p> <h2>Disarmament Bodies and Institutions</h2> <ul class="underline-links"> <li><a href="http://www.un.org/disarmament/">United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/general-assembly/">Disarmament in the General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/institutions/security-council/">Disarmament in the Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/conference-on-disarmament/">Conference on Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="https://disarmament.unoda.org/institutions/advisoryboard/">United Nations Disarmament Commission</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/institutions/advisoryboard/">Secretary-General's Advisory Board</a> on Disarmament Matters</li> <li><a href="http://www.unidir.org/">United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iaea.org/">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> (IAEA)</li> <li><a href="https://www.ctbto.org/">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization</a> (CTBTO)</li> <li><a href="https://www.opcw.org/">Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a> (OPCW)</li> <li><a href="https://www.unmas.org/en">United Nations Mine Action Service</a> (UNMAS)</li> </ul> <h2>Related Observances</h2> <ul class="underline-links"> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/disarmament-week">Disarmament Week</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/end-nuclear-tests-day">International Day against Nuclear Tests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/nuclear-weapons-elimination-day">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/international-day-peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/mine-awareness-day">International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/chemical-warfare-victims-day">Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare </a></li> </ul> <h2>Resources</h2> <ul class="underline-links"> <li><a href="https://treaties.unoda.org/">Disarmament Treaties Database</a></li> <li><a href="http://research.un.org/en/docs/disarmament">Research Guide on Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/sg-agenda/en/">Securing Our Common Future: An Agenda for Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/publications/basic-guide/">Disarmament: A Basic Guide (4th edition, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/publications/yearbook/">UN Disarmament Yearbook</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/factsheets/">Factsheets on Disarmament Issues</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="node-sidebar"> <div class="node-sidebar-item"><h3>Global Issues</h3><div class="node-sidebar-item-body"><ul> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/">Overview</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/africa">Africa</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ageing">Ageing</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/aids">AIDS</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/atomic-energy">Atomic Energy</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/big-data-for-sustainable-development">Big Data for Sustainable Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/child-and-youth-safety-online">Child and Youth Safety Online</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/children">Children</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/climate-change">Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/countering-terrorism">Countering Terrorism</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/disarmament">Disarmament</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ending-poverty">Ending Poverty</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/food">Food</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/gender-equality">Gender Equality</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/health">Health</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/human-rights">Human Rights</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/international-law-and-justice">International Law and Justice</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/migration">International Migration</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/oceans-and-the-law-of-the-sea">Oceans and the Law of the Sea</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/outer-space">Outer Space</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/peace-and-security">Peace and Security</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/population">Population</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/refugees">Refugees</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/water">Water</a></li> <li> <style type="text/css"> </style> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/youth">Youth</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="node-sidebar-item"><h3>Related stories from the UN System</h3><div class="field-name-field-image"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/property-cards-by-og-global-category/287/6724+15296"><img src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/11/iraq-chemical-weapons.jpg" alt="A group of 5 men examine and photograph missiles on the ground"/></a></div><div class="node-sidebar-item-body"><p><a href="https://www.un.org/en/property-cards-by-og-global-category/287/6724+15296">Read more about disarmament</a>.</p> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="sharing_widget" class="col-sm-12 bottommargin">  <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_x"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> </div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="section section-fluid home-footer gray-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row topmargin"> <div class="divider"></div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Main Bodies</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/ga/">General Assembly</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/">Security Council</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/">Economic and Social Council</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/trusteeship-council">Trusteeship Council</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.icj-cij.org/en">International Court of Justice</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/secretariat">Secretariat</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Departments / Offices</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/secretariat">New York</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.unog.ch/">Geneva</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.unon.org/">Nairobi</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.unvienna.org/">Vienna</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.unsceb.org/directory/">UN System Directory</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_system_chart.pdf" class="pdf-link">UN System Chart</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sg/en/global-leadership/home">Global Leadership</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/department-of-global-communications/worldwide/united-nations-information-centres">UN Information Centres</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Resources / Services</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://emergency.un.org/">Emergency information</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://oios.un.org/report-wrongdoing">Reporting Wrongdoing</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://journal.un.org/">UN Journal</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/our-work/documents">Documents</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/gender-inclusive-language/">Guidelines for gender-inclusive language</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/library/page/databases">Databases</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/library">Library</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un-ilibrary.org/">UN iLibrary</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/chronicle">UN Chronicle</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/yearbook">UN Yearbook</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://shop.un.org/">Bookshop</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://shop.un.org/">Publications for sale</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/geospatial/">Maps</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/media/accreditation/">Media Accreditation</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://csonet.org/index.php?menu=34">NGO accreditation at ECOSOC</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/civil-society/page/application">NGO accreditation at DGC</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://visit.un.org/">Visitors’ services</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/exhibits">Exhibits</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/Depts/ptd/welcome-united-nations-procurement-division-unpd">Procurement</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://careers.un.org/lbw/Home.aspx">Employment</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://careers.un.org/lbw/home.aspx?viewtype=IP">Internships</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/mun">Model UN</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="/en/academicimpact">Academic Impact</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://archives.un.org/">UN Archives</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/">UN Audiovisual Library</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/how-to-donate-to-the-un-system">How to donate to the UN system</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus">Information on COVID-19 (Coronavirus)</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/africarenewal/">Africa Renewal</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_card_2024_english.pdf" class="pdf-link">Ten ways the UN makes a difference</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/high-level-week-2024">GA High-level week 2024</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Key Documents</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter">UN Charter</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.unicef.org/crc/">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/statute-of-the-international-court-of-justice">Statute of the International Court of Justice</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/annualreport/">Annual Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">News and Media</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://news.un.org/en/">News</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/press/en/">Press Releases</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/press/en/content/noon-briefings">Briefings</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/sg/spokesperson/">Spokesperson</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://dam.media.un.org/">Photos</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.unmultimedia.org/tv/unifeed/">UNIfeed</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://webtv.un.org/en">UN Web TV</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/video">UN Video</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/get-involved/social-media">Social Media</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/essential-un/">The Essential UN</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/awake-at-night">Awake at Night podcast</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Issues / Campaigns</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/">Global Issues</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances">Observances</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/">Sustainable Development Goals</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/common-agenda">Our Common Agenda</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/summit-of-the-future">The Summit of the Future</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/climatechange/">Climate Action</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/peaceandsecurity">Peace and Security</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/A4P/">Action for Peacekeeping (A4P)</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://news.un.org/pages/global-crisis-response-group/">Global Crisis Response Group</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/content/action-for-human-rights/index.shtml">Call to Action for Human Rights</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/content/disabilitystrategy/">Disability Inclusion Strategy</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/fight-racism">Fight Racism</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/hate-speech">Hate Speech</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/lgbtiq-people">LGBTIQ+ People</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/safety-journalists">Safety of Journalists</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/">Rule of Law</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/counterterrorism/">Action to Counter Terrorism</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/victimsofterrorism/en">Victims of Terrorism</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/">Children and Armed Conflict</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/">Violence Against Children (SRSG)</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/">Sexual Violence in Conflict</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://refugeesmigrants.un.org/">Refugees and Migrants</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/content/action-agenda-on-internal-displacement/">Action Agenda on Internal Displacement</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/spotlight-initiative/index.shtml">Spotlight Initiative</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/preventing-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse/">Preventing Sexual Exploitation and Abuse</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/genocide-prevention/">Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/">The Rwanda Genocide</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="http://www.un.org/en/holocaustremembrance/">The Holocaust</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/unispal/">The Question of Palestine</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/rememberslavery">The Transatlantic Slave Trade</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en">Decolonization</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/mop">Messengers of Peace</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/content/digital-cooperation-roadmap/">Roadmap for Digital Cooperation</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/digital-financing-taskforce">Digital Financing Task Force</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/datastrategy">Data Strategy</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/information-integrity">Information Integrity</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/countering-disinformation">Countering Disinformation</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/un75">UN75: 2020 and Beyond</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/women-rise-for-all">Women Rise for All</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/StopRedSeaSpill">Stop the Red Sea Catastrophe</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/black-sea-grain-initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative Joint Coordination Centre</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div> </div> </div></div>    <div class="section-fluid footer-fluid"> <footer class="footer container dark"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="pull-left flip footer-brand en"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/" title="Home"> <span class="site-name">United Nations</span></a> </div> <div class="pull-right flip donate"> <a href="/en/about-us/how-to-donate-to-the-un-system" class="btn btn-default btn-reverse dark" role="button" id="donate_button">Donate</a> </div> <div class="pull-right flip social-media" role="navigation"> <ul class="nav list-inline"> <li class="list-inline-item facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/unitednations"><span class="icon-text">facebook</span></a></li><li class="list-inline-item twitter"><a href="http://twitter.com/un"><span class="icon-text">twitter</span></a></li><li class="list-inline-item youtube"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/unitednations"><span class="icon-text">youtube</span></a></li><li class="list-inline-item flickr"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/un_photo/"><span class="icon-text">flickr</span></a></li><li class="list-inline-item instagram"><a href="http://instagram.com/unitednations"><span class="icon-text">instagram</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row footer-links"> <div class="divider"></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="pull-right flip"> <div id="block-menu-menu-footer-links" class="block block-menu" role="navigation"> <ul class="nav list-inline"> <li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/site-index">A-Z Site Index</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/contact-us-0">Contact</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/frequently-asked-questions">FAQ</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/fraud-alert">Fraud Alert</a></li><li class="list-inline-item "><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/privacy-notice">Privacy Notice</a></li><li class="list-inline-item last"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/themes/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js?slg8yl"></script> </body> </html>