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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Christ, <i>Logos</i> and Son of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christ,_Logos_and_Son_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incarnation,_Nativity_and_Second_Adam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incarnation,_Nativity_and_Second_Adam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Incarnation, Nativity and Second Adam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incarnation,_Nativity_and_Second_Adam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ministry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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id="toc-Parables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Parables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miracles_of_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miracles_of_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Miracles of Jesus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miracles_of_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crucifixion_and_atonement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crucifixion_and_atonement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Crucifixion and atonement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crucifixion_and_atonement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resurrection,_Ascension,_and_Second_Coming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resurrection,_Ascension,_and_Second_Coming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Resurrection, Ascension, and Second Coming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resurrection,_Ascension,_and_Second_Coming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nontrinitarian_perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nontrinitarian_perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nontrinitarian perspectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nontrinitarian_perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jesus in Christianity</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="يسوع في المسيحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يسوع في المسيحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristianl%C4%B1qda_%C4%B0sa" title="Xristianlıqda İsa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xristianlıqda İsa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BE%C3%AD%C5%A1_v_k%C5%99es%C5%A5anstv%C3%AD" title="Ježíš v křesťanství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ježíš v křesťanství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عیسی از دیدگاه مسیحیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عیسی از دیدگاه مسیحیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_dans_le_christianisme" title="Jésus dans le christianisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jésus dans le christianisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%88%EC%88%98" title="기독교에서의 예수 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교에서의 예수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A8_%D6%84%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հիսուսը քրիստոնեությունում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիսուսը քրիստոնեությունում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectivas_christian_de_Jesus" title="Perspectivas christian de Jesus – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Perspectivas christian de Jesus" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_nel_cristianesimo" title="Gesù nel cristianesimo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gesù nel cristianesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesoa_araka_ny_kristianisma" title="Jesoa araka ny kristianisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jesoa araka ny kristianisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandangan_Kristian_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Kristian tentang Yesus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pandangan Kristian tentang Yesus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%81%8C_%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="ခရစ်ယာန်ဘာသာ၌ ယေရှု – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရစ်ယာန်ဘာသာ၌ ယေရှု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_w_chrze%C5%9Bcija%C5%84stwie" title="Jezus w chrześcijaństwie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jezus w chrześcijaństwie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கிறித்தவத்தில் இயேசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறித்தவத்தில் இயேசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristiyanl%C4%B1kta_%C4%B0sa" title="Hristiyanlıkta İsa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hristiyanlıkta İsa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9" title="مسیحیت میں یسوع – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسیحیت میں یسوع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="基督教中的耶稣 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基督教中的耶稣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51663#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus"><img alt="Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/200px-JesusYeshua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/300px-JesusYeshua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/400px-JesusYeshua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jesus in Christianity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation_of_Christ" title="Humiliation of Christ">Humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_obedience_of_Christ" title="Active obedience of Christ">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Heavenly Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_Christ" title="Intercession of Christ">Intercession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Visions of Jesus and Mary">Apparitions and visions of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus in Islam</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masih_(title)" title="Masih (title)">Masih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_Quran" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran">Names and titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_Jesus%27s_death" title="Islamic views on Jesus's death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology#Isa" title="Islamic eschatology">End times</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background to the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language spoken by Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Jesus's race</a> / <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health of Jesus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Jesus in history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources for the historicity of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Reliability of the Gospels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Jesus myth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Perspectives on Jesus</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Jesus" title="Template:Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus" title="Template talk:Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a> as chronicled in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, and in most <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> he is held to be <a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Prosopon" title="Prosopon">prosopon</a> (Person) of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christians</a> believe him to be the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messiah</a> (giving him the title <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament_messianic_prophecies_quoted_in_the_New_Testament" title="Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament">who was prophesied</a> in the Bible's <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. Through <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Jesus's crucifixion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a>, Christians believe that God offers humans <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eternal_life_(Christianity)" title="Eternal life (Christianity)">eternal life</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Jesus's death <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement in Christianity">atoning</a> for all <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">sin</a>. </p><p>These teachings emphasize that as the <a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb of God</a>, Jesus chose to suffer nailed to the cross at <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a> as a sign of his obedience to the will of God, as an "agent and servant of God".<sup id="cite_ref-anselm_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anselm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cullmann_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cullmann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus's choice positions him as a man of obedience, <a href="/wiki/Last_Adam" title="Last Adam">in contrast</a> to <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>'s disobedience.<sup id="cite_ref-Pannenberg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pannenberg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the New Testament, after God raised him from the dead,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascended</a> to heaven to <a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">sit at the right hand</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with his followers awaiting his <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">return to Earth</a> and God's subsequent <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">gospel</a> accounts, Jesus was <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">born of a virgin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">he taught</a> other <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> how to follow God (sometimes using <a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">parables</a>), performed <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">miracles</a> and gathered <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a>. Christians generally believe that this narrative is <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">historically true</a>. </p><p>While there has been theological debate over the <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">nature of Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarian">Trinitarian</a> Christians believe that Jesus is the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">God incarnate</a> (God in human form), God the Son, and "<a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">true God and true man</a>"—fully divine and fully human. Jesus, having become fully human in all respects, suffered the pains and <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">temptations</a> of a mortal man, yet he <a href="/wiki/Impeccability" title="Impeccability">did not sin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Core_teachings">Core teachings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Core teachings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Christian views of Jesus vary, it is possible to summarise the key elements of the beliefs shared by major Christian denominations by analysing their <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">catechetical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(religion)" title="Confessionalism (religion)">confessional</a> texts.<sup id="cite_ref-CathLuther1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathLuther1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian views of Jesus are derived from various biblical sources, particularly from the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> letters such as the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Paul epistles</a>. Christians predominantly hold that these works are historically true.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those Christian groups or denominations which are committed to what are considered biblically <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">orthodox</a> Christianity nearly all agree that Jesus:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>was born of a virgin;</li> <li>is a human being who is also fully God;</li> <li>has never sinned during his existence;</li> <li>was crucified, died, and was buried in a tomb;</li> <li>rose from the dead on the third day;</li> <li>ascended back to God the Father 40 days after his resurrection;</li> <li>will return to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Some groups considered to be Christian hold beliefs that are considered to be <a href="/wiki/Heterodoxy" title="Heterodoxy">heterodox</a>. For example, believers in <a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">monophysitism</a> reject the idea that <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> has two natures, one human and one divine.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The five major milestones in the gospel narrative of the life of Jesus are his <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">transfiguration</a>, death by crucifixion, resurrection and <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascension to Heaven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-digby_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digby-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JBreck12_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBreck12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are usually bracketed by two other episodes: his <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">nativity</a> at the beginning and the sending of the <a href="/wiki/Paraclete" title="Paraclete">Paraclete</a> (Holy Spirit) at the end.<sup id="cite_ref-digby_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digby-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JBreck12_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBreck12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gospel accounts of the teachings of Jesus are often presented in terms of specific categories involving his "works and words", e.g., his <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">parables</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">miracles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zuck100_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zuck100-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WPent212_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPent212-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christians not only attach theological significance to the <i>works</i> of Jesus, but also to his <i>name</i>. Devotions to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Holy Name of Jesus">name of Jesus</a> go back to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">earliest days of Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sylvester_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sylvester-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Houlden_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houlden-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These exist today both in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Houlden_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houlden-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christians predominantly profess that through Jesus' life, death, and rising from the dead, he restored humanity's right relationship with God with the blood of the <a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a>. His death on a cross is understood as a redemptive sacrifice: the source of humanity's salvation and the <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement in Christianity">atonement</a> for sin<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had entered human history through <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">the sin of Adam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christ,_Logos_and_Son_of_God"><span id="Christ.2C_Logos_and_Son_of_God"></span>Christ, <i>Logos</i> and Son of God</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Christ, Logos and Son of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sargis_Pitsak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/170px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/255px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/340px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption>First page of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Sargis_Pitsak" title="Sargis Pitsak">Sargis Pitsak</a> (14th century): "The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God".</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>But who do you say that I am?</i> Only Simon Peter answered him: <i>You are the Christ, the Son of the living God</i> — <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#16:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 16:15-16</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Jesus is mediator, but […] the title means <i>more</i> than someone <i>between</i> God and man. He is not just a third party between God and humanity. [...] As true God he brings God to mankind. As true man he brings mankind to God.<sup id="cite_ref-Stagg_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stagg-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Most Christians generally consider Jesus to be the Christ, the long-awaited <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>, as well as the one and only Son of God. The opening words in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#1:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">1:1</a>), "The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God", provide Jesus with the two distinct attributions as Christ and as the Son of God. His <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divinity</a> is again re-affirmed in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#1:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 1:11</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#1:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 1:1</a> which begins by calling Jesus the Christ and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#1:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">in verse 16</a> explains it again with the affirmation: "Jesus, who is called Christ". </p><p>In the Pauline epistles, the word <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></i> is so closely associated with Jesus that apparently for the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christians">early Christians</a> there was no need to claim that Jesus was Christ, for that was considered widely accepted among them. Hence Paul could use the term <i>Christos</i> with no confusion about who it referred to, and as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Corinthians#4:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 4:15</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#12:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 12:5</a> he could use expressions such as "in Christ" to refer to the followers of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the New Testament, the title "Son of God" is applied to Jesus on many occasions, from the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> up to the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">Crucifixion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The declaration that Jesus is the Son of God is made by many individuals in the New Testament, and on two occasions by <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> as a voice from Heaven, and is asserted by Jesus himself.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OneTeacher_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OneTeacher-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pentecost_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pentecost-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a>, the concept that Christ is the <i><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></i> (i.e., "The Word") has been important in establishing the doctrine of the divinity of Christ and his position as God the Son in the Trinity<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as set forth in the <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Creed" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedonian Creed">Chalcedonian Creed</a>. This derives from the <a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">opening of the Gospel of John</a>, commonly translated into English as: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> λόγος in the original <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> is translated as <i>Word</i> and in theological discourse, this is often left in its English <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterated</a> form, <i><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></i>. The easiest way to understand this is the teaching that <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> (The Word of God) came from the bosom of <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> and became a living being who then translated into a foetus in the womb of (Virgin Mary) through a <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> means, as professed by believers in <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">pre-existence of Christ</a> refers to the existence of Christ before his <a href="/wiki/Incarnation" title="Incarnation">incarnation</a> as Jesus. One of the relevant New Testament passages is <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 1:1-18</a> where, in the Trinitarian view, Christ is identified with a pre-existent divine <a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypostasis (philosophy)">hypostasis</a> called the Logos or Word. This doctrine is reiterated in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#17:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 17:5</a> when Jesus refers to the glory which he had with the Father "before the world was" during the <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Endo_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2017:24&version=nrsv">John 17:24</a> also refers to the Father loving Jesus "before the foundation of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-Endo_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nontrinitarian">Nontrinitarian</a> views about the pre-existence of Christ vary, with some rejecting it and others accepting it. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a>, from the 2nd century forward, several controversies developed about how the human and divine are related within the person of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Editors1999_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Editors1999-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rausch2003_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rausch2003-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McGrath2007_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrath2007-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually in 451, the concept of a <a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">hypostatic union</a> was stated at the Council of Chalcedon, namely that Jesus is both fully divine and fully human.<sup id="cite_ref-Editors1999_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Editors1999-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rausch2003_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rausch2003-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, differences among Christian denominations continued thereafter, with some rejecting the hypostatic union in favor of monophysitism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incarnation,_Nativity_and_Second_Adam"><span id="Incarnation.2C_Nativity_and_Second_Adam"></span>Incarnation, Nativity and Second Adam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Incarnation, Nativity and Second Adam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation (Christianity)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second_Adam" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Adam">Second Adam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans,_The_Nativity_at_Night,_c_1490.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans%2C_The_Nativity_at_Night%2C_c_1490.jpg/170px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans%2C_The_Nativity_at_Night%2C_c_1490.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans%2C_The_Nativity_at_Night%2C_c_1490.jpg/255px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans%2C_The_Nativity_at_Night%2C_c_1490.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans%2C_The_Nativity_at_Night%2C_c_1490.jpg/340px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans%2C_The_Nativity_at_Night%2C_c_1490.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3121" data-file-height="4225" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_at_Night" title="Nativity at Night">Nativity at Night</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans" title="Geertgen tot Sint Jans">Geertgen tot Sint Jans</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1490</span></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>He is the image of the invisible God, the <a href="/wiki/Firstborn_(Judaism)" title="Firstborn (Judaism)">firstborn</a> of all creation. For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible</i>. — <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Colossians#1:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Colossians">Colossians 1:15-16</a></p></blockquote> <p>The above verse from Colossians regards the birth of Jesus as the model for all creation.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> viewed the birth of Jesus as an event of cosmic significance which brought forth a "new man" who undid the damage caused by the fall of the first man, Adam. Just as the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Johannine</a> view of Jesus as the incarnate Logos proclaims the universal relevance of his birth, the Pauline perspective emphasizes the birth of a new man and a new world in the birth of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Pannenberg_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pannenberg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul's <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatological</a> view of Jesus counter-positions him as a new man of morality and obedience, in contrast to Adam. Unlike Adam, the new man born in Jesus obeys God and ushers in a world of morality and salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-Pannenberg_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pannenberg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Pauline view, Adam is positioned as the first man and Jesus as the second: Adam, having corrupted himself by his disobedience, also infected humanity and left it with a curse as its inheritance. The birth of Jesus counterbalanced the fall of Adam, bringing forth redemption and repairing the damage done by Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-Daille_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daille-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2nd century Church Father <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> writes: </p> <blockquote> <p>"When He became incarnate and was made man, He commenced afresh the long line of human beings, and furnished us, in a brief, comprehensive manner, with salvation; so that what we had lost in Adam—namely to be according to the image and likeness of God- that we might recover in Christ Jesus."<sup id="cite_ref-Bethune_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bethune-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williston_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williston-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Patristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Patristic">patristic</a> theology, Paul's contrasting of Jesus as the new man versus Adam provided a framework for discussing the uniqueness of the birth of Jesus and the ensuing events of his life. The nativity of Jesus thus began to serve as the starting point for "cosmic Christology" in which the birth, life and resurrection of Jesus have universal implications.<sup id="cite_ref-Pannenberg_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pannenberg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept of Jesus as the "new man" repeats in the cycle of birth and rebirth of Jesus from his nativity to his resurrection: following his birth, through his morality and obedience to the Father, Jesus began a "new harmony" in the relationship between God the Father and man. The nativity and resurrection of Jesus thus created the author and exemplar of a new humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this view, the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus brought about salvation, undoing the damage of Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">biological son of David</a>, Jesus would be of the <a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Jewish race, ethnicity, nation, and culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One argument against this would be a contradiction in Jesus' genealogies: Matthew saying he is the son of <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> and Luke saying he is the son of <a href="/wiki/Nathan_(son_of_David)" title="Nathan (son of David)">Nathan</a>—Solomon and Nathan being brothers. <a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a> taught that there is no contradiction, for Nathan wed Solomon's wife after Solomon died in accordance with scripture, namely, <a href="/wiki/Yibbum" title="Yibbum">yibbum</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvah</a> that a man must marry his brother's childless widow).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesus grew up in Galilee and much of his ministry took place there.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The languages spoken in Galilee and Judea during the 1st century AD include <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Palestinian Aramaic">Jewish Palestinian Aramaic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek</a>, with Aramaic being predominant.<sup id="cite_ref-BarrLang_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarrLang-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Porter110_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter110-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is substantial consensus that Jesus gave most of his teachings in Aramaic<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Galilean_dialect" title="Galilean dialect">Galilean dialect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_C._Myers_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen_C._Myers-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The canonical gospels describe Jesus wearing <a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">tzitzit</a> – the tassels on a <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a> – in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#14:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 14:36</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#8:43" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 8:43–44</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides this, the New Testament includes no descriptions of Jesus' appearance before his death and the gospel narratives are generally indifferent to people's racial appearance or features.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kidd_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kidd-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 48–51">: 48–51 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministry">Ministry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ministry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry of Jesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luca_signorelli,_comunione_con_gli_apostoli,_cortona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Luca_signorelli%2C_comunione_con_gli_apostoli%2C_cortona.jpg/170px-Luca_signorelli%2C_comunione_con_gli_apostoli%2C_cortona.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Luca_signorelli%2C_comunione_con_gli_apostoli%2C_cortona.jpg/255px-Luca_signorelli%2C_comunione_con_gli_apostoli%2C_cortona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Luca_signorelli%2C_comunione_con_gli_apostoli%2C_cortona.jpg/340px-Luca_signorelli%2C_comunione_con_gli_apostoli%2C_cortona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1094" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Communion of the Apostles</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Luca_Signorelli" title="Luca Signorelli">Luca Signorelli</a>, 1512</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><p><i>The thief comes only in order to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have and enjoy life, and have it in abundance (to the full, till it overflows).</i>—John 10:10 (Ampl)</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><p>Jesus seemed to have two basic concerns with reference to people and the material: (1) that they be freed from the tyranny of things and (2) that they be actively concerned for the needs of others.<sup id="cite_ref-Stagg_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stagg-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the canonical gospels, the Ministry of Jesus begins with his baptism in the countryside of <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/River_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="River Jordan">River Jordan</a> and ends in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alister16_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alister16-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#3:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">3:23</a>) states that Jesus was "about 30 years of age" at the start of his ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-Kostenberger140_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger140-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChronosPaul_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChronosPaul-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date of the start of his ministry has been estimated at around AD 27 to 29 and the end in the range AD 30 to 36.<sup id="cite_ref-Kostenberger140_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger140-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChronosPaul_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChronosPaul-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barnett19_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnett19-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sanders_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanders-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesus' early Galilean ministry begins when after his baptism, he goes <a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">back to Galilee</a> from his time in the <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Temptation of Jesus">Judean desert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this early period he preaches around Galilee and recruits <a href="/wiki/First_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First disciples of Jesus">his first disciples</a> who begin to travel with him and eventually form the core of the early Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Alister16_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alister16-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Redford117_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford117-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major Galilean ministry which begins in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_8" title="Matthew 8">Matthew 8</a> includes the <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">commissioning of the Twelve Apostles</a>, and covers most of the ministry of Jesus in Galilee.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Redford143_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford143-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final Galilean ministry begins after the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of John the Baptist">death of John the Baptist</a> as Jesus prepares to go to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Redford165_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford165-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the later Judean ministry Jesus starts his final journey to Jerusalem through Judea.<sup id="cite_ref-KingsburyMark_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingsburyMark-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barton132_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem, in the later <a href="/wiki/Perea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perea (Bible)">Perean</a> ministry, about one third the way down from the Sea of Galilee along the River Jordan, he returns to the area where he was baptized.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final ministry in Jerusalem is sometimes called the <i><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion Week</a></i> and begins with the Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox155_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox155-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gospels provide more details about the final ministry than the other periods, devoting about one third of their text to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">last week of the life of Jesus in Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner613_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner613-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teachings,_parables_and_miracles"><span id="Teachings.2C_parables_and_miracles"></span>Teachings, parables and miracles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Teachings, parables and miracles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables of Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles of Jesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostromir_Gospel_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ostromir_Gospel_1.jpg/170px-Ostromir_Gospel_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ostromir_Gospel_1.jpg/255px-Ostromir_Gospel_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ostromir_Gospel_1.jpg/340px-Ostromir_Gospel_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>, 1056</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>The words that I say unto you I speak not from myself: but the Father who dwells in me does his works.</i> — <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#14:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 14:10</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated98_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated98-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the New Testament the teachings of Jesus are presented in terms of his "words and works".<sup id="cite_ref-Zuck100_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zuck100-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WPent212_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPent212-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The words of Jesus include several sermons, in addition to parables that appear throughout the narrative of the Synoptic Gospels (the gospel of John includes no parables). The works include the miracles and other acts performed during his ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-WPent212_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPent212-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Gospel">Canonical Gospels</a> are the major source of the teachings of Jesus, the Pauline epistles, which were likely written decades before the gospels, provide some of the earliest written accounts of the teachings of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Blomb442_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blomb442-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The New Testament does not present the teachings of Jesus as merely his own teachings, but equates the words of Jesus with divine revelation, with <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> stating in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(NIV)/John#3:34" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (NIV)/John">John 3:34</a>: "For the one whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for God gives the Spirit without limit." and Jesus stating in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(NIV)/John#7:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (NIV)/John">John 7:16</a>: "My teaching is not my own. It comes from the one who sent me".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated98_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated98-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-And108_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And108-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#11:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 11:27</a> Jesus claims divine knowledge, stating: "No one knows the Son except the Father and no one knows the Father except the Son", asserting the mutual knowledge he has with the Father.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most important of <a href="/wiki/Jesus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus'">Jesus'</a> teachings is his <a href="/wiki/Second_coming" class="mw-redirect" title="Second coming">second coming</a> in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_24" title="Matthew 24">Matthew 24</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luke_21" title="Luke 21">Luke 21</a>. There <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> explained the signs of the <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">last days</a>, popularly known as the <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">end-time</a>. These are the days that precedes the <a href="/wiki/Second_coming" class="mw-redirect" title="Second coming">second coming</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, there he spoke of the signs of the end of days and what will happen to the believers in Christ, the <a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">persecution</a> and the troubles that will come upon the world. The second coming of Jesus is mainly divided into two, namely; the <a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a>. The rapture being the time Jesus comes in the air to take up his saints to <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> for a period of seven years and the second coming, being a time he comes with the <a href="/wiki/Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints">saints</a> to rule the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">earth</a> for a thousand years. It is also referred to as the millennial reign. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discourses">Discourses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discourses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg/220px-Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg/330px-Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg/440px-Christ_Taking_Leave_of_the_Apostles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Jesus' <i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></i> to his eleven remaining disciples after the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, from the <i><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_(Duccio)" title="Maestà (Duccio)">Maestà</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Duccio" title="Duccio">Duccio</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The gospels include several discourses by Jesus on specific occasions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a> delivered after the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, the night before his Crucifixion.<sup id="cite_ref-Gail142_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gail142-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although some of the teachings of Jesus are reported as taking place within the formal atmosphere of a synagogue (e.g., in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#4:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 4:23</a>) many of the discourses are more like conversations than formal lectures.<sup id="cite_ref-Howick7_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howick7-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> has a structured set of sermons, often grouped as the <a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a> which present many of the key teachings of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Cradle194_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cradle194-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keener37_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keener37-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of the five discourses has some parallel passages in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RTFrance_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTFrance-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five discourses in Matthew begin with the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>, which encapsulates many of the moral teachings of Jesus and which is one of the best known and most quoted elements of the New Testament.<sup id="cite_ref-Howick7_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howick7-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sermon on the Mount includes the <i><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></i> which describe the character of the people of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a>, expressed as "blessings".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beatitudes focus on love and humility rather than force and exaction and echo the key ideals of Jesus' teachings on spirituality and compassion.<sup id="cite_ref-Haste_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haste-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peace_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peace-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Synop_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Synop-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other discourses in Matthew include the <i>Missionary Discourse</i> in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_10" title="Matthew 10">Matthew 10</a> and the <i>Discourse on the Church</i> in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_18" title="Matthew 18">Matthew 18</a>, providing instructions to the disciples and laying the foundation of the codes of conduct for the anticipated community of followers.<sup id="cite_ref-Toussaint_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toussaint-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parables">Parables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Parables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Good_Samaritan_(Le_bon_samaritain)_-_James_Tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Good_Samaritan_%28Le_bon_samaritain%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/170px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Good_Samaritan_%28Le_bon_samaritain%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Good_Samaritan_%28Le_bon_samaritain%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/255px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Good_Samaritan_%28Le_bon_samaritain%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Good_Samaritan_%28Le_bon_samaritain%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/340px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Good_Samaritan_%28Le_bon_samaritain%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><i>The Good Samaritan</i> is a painting by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Parable of the Good Samaritan</a> is one of the parables of Jesus.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">parables of Jesus</a> represent a major component of his teachings in the gospels, the approximately thirty parables forming about one third of his recorded teachings.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer174_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer174-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JDPentecost10_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDPentecost10-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parables may appear within longer sermons, as well as other places within the narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-Howick7_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howick7-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus' parables are seemingly simple and memorable stories, often with imagery, and each conveys a teaching which usually relates the physical world to the <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> world.<sup id="cite_ref-Lisco9-11_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lisco9-11-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, Lisco and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Fairbairn" title="Patrick Fairbairn">Fairbairn</a> stated that in the parables of Jesus, "the image borrowed from the visible world is accompanied by a truth from the invisible (spiritual) world" and that the parables of Jesus are not "mere similitudes which serve the purpose of illustration, but are internal analogies where nature becomes a witness for the spiritual world".<sup id="cite_ref-Lisco9-11_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lisco9-11-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in the 20th century, calling a parable "an earthly story with a heavenly meaning",<sup id="cite_ref-Barclay12_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barclay12-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William Barclay states that the parables of Jesus use familiar examples to lead others' minds towards heavenly concepts. He suggests that Jesus did not form his parables merely as analogies but based on an "inward affinity between the natural and the spiritual order."<sup id="cite_ref-Barclay12_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barclay12-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the major reasons why Jesus spoke in parables to the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> was explained to the disciples of Jesus by Jesus himself. It is found in Matthew 13:13-14; there Jesus explains why he used much of parables to the people of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Jesus explained that it was so for the fulfillment of the prophecy of <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> the prophet, and this is found in Isaiah 6:9-10. This was for the people of Israel not to understand and realize who Jesus is and accept him, he purposely did this to make provision for <a href="/wiki/Gentiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiles">Gentiles</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be part of the children of God. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miracles_of_Jesus">Miracles of Jesus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Miracles of Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Believe the miracles, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father</i>. —<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#10:38" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 10:38</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In Christian teachings, the miracles of Jesus were as much a vehicle for his message as were his words. Many of the miracles emphasize the importance of faith, for instance in <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_ten_lepers" title="Cleansing ten lepers">cleansing ten lepers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus did not say: "My power has saved you" but says "Rise and go; your faith has saved you."<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in the <a href="/wiki/Jesus_walks_on_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus walks on water">Walking on Water</a> miracle, <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Peter">Apostle Peter</a> learns an important lesson about faith in that as his faith wavers, he begins to sink.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palma_il_Giovane_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Palma_il_Giovane_001.jpg/170px-Palma_il_Giovane_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Palma_il_Giovane_001.jpg/255px-Palma_il_Giovane_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Palma_il_Giovane_001.jpg/340px-Palma_il_Giovane_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>Jesus <a href="/wiki/Healing_the_paralytic_at_Bethesda" title="Healing the paralytic at Bethesda">healing the paralytic</a> in <i>The Pool</i> by <a href="/wiki/Palma_il_Giovane" title="Palma il Giovane">Palma il Giovane</a>, 1592</figcaption></figure> <p>One characteristic shared among all miracles of Jesus in the Gospel accounts is that he delivered benefits freely and never requested or accepted any form of payment for his healing miracles, unlike some high priests of his time who charged those who were healed.<sup id="cite_ref-Blomberg197_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blomberg197-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(NIV)/Matthew#10:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (NIV)/Matthew">Matthew 10:8</a> he advised his disciples to heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse those who have leprosy, and drive out demons without payment and stated: "Freely you have received; freely give".<sup id="cite_ref-Blomberg197_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blomberg197-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christians in general believe that Jesus' miracles were actual historical events and that his miraculous works were an important part of his life, attesting to his divinity and the <a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a>, i.e., the dual natures of Christ's humanity and divinity in one <a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypostasis (philosophy)">hypostasis.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christians believe that while Jesus' experiences of hunger, weariness, and death were evidences of his humanity, the miracles were evidences of his deity.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian authors also view the miracles of Jesus not merely as acts of power and omnipotence, but as works of love and mercy: they were performed to show compassion for sinful and suffering humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Authors Ken and Jim Stocker state that "every single miracle Jesus performed was an act of love".<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And each miracle involves specific teachings.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since according to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was impossible to narrate all the miracles performed by Jesus, the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> states that the miracles presented in the Gospels were selected for a twofold reason: first for the manifestation of God's glory, and then for their evidential value. Jesus referred to his "works" as evidences of his mission and his divinity, and in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%205:36&version=nrsv">John 5:36</a> he declared that his miracles have greater evidential value than the testimony of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles_114-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crucifixion_and_atonement">Crucifixion and atonement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Crucifixion and atonement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb of God</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesusicon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Pantocrator"><img alt="Christ Pantocrator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jesusicon.jpg/110px-Jesusicon.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jesusicon.jpg/165px-Jesusicon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jesusicon.jpg/220px-Jesusicon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:gold;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ (Messiah)</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">Kyrios</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></i></li><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_obedience_of_Christ" title="Active obedience of Christ">Active obedience</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Communicatio_idiomatum" title="Communicatio idiomatum">Communicatio idiomatum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantiality</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ#Theological_significance" title="Session of Christ">Exaltation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation_of_Christ" title="Humiliation of Christ">Humiliation</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/God-man_(Christianity)" title="God-man (Christianity)">God-man</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homoi%C5%8Dma" title="Homoiōma">Homoiōma</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Person_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Person of Christ">Person</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosopon" title="Prosopon">Prosopon</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Christ#Christology" title="Imitation of Christ">Imitation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_Christ#Christology" title="Intercession of Christ">Intercession</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenosis#Christology" title="Kenosis">Kenosis</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Syncatabasis" title="Syncatabasis">Syncatabasis</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_of_Christ" title="Knowledge of Christ">Knowledge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_Christ" title="Love of Christ">Love</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perfection_of_Christ" title="Perfection of Christ">Perfection</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Wisdom#In_Christology" title="Holy Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_office" title="Threefold office">Threefold office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Redeemer</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:gold;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Doctrines</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Christological doctrines</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollinarism" title="Apollinarism">Apollinarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychianism" title="Eutychianism">Eutychianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Definition" title="Chalcedonian Definition">Chalcedonism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neo-Chalcedonism" title="Neo-Chalcedonism">Neo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyoenergism" title="Dyoenergism">Dyoenergism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monoenergism" title="Monoenergism">Monoenergism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyothelitism" title="Dyothelitism">Dyothelitism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyophysitism" title="Dyophysitism">Dyophysitism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotikon" title="Henotikon">Henotikon</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homoousion" title="Homoousion">Homoousionism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Acacians" title="Acacians">Homoiousianism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoian" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoian">Homoianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theopaschism" title="Theopaschism">Theopaschism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By denomination</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Extra_calvinisticum" title="Extra calvinisticum">Extra calvinisticum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Lutheran_Christology" title="Scholastic Lutheran Christology">Lutheran Christology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christology" title="Template:Christology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christology" title="Template talk:Christology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The accounts of the crucifixion and subsequent resurrection of Jesus provide a rich background for <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christological</a> analysis, from the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a> to the Pauline epistles.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johannine" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannine">Johannine</a> "agency christology" combines the concept that Jesus is the Son of his Father with the idea that he has come into the world as his Father's agent, commissioned and sent by the Father to represent the Father and to accomplish his Father's work. Implied in each Synoptic portrayal of Jesus is the doctrine that the salvation Jesus gives is inseparable from Jesus himself and his divine identity. Sonship and agency come together in the Synoptic gospels only in the Parable of the Vineyard (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2021:37&version=nrsv">Matthew 21:37</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2012:6&version=nrsv">Mark 12:6</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2020:13&version=nrsv">Luke 20:13</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an <i>agent of God</i> or <i>servant of God</i>, for the sake of eventual victory.<sup id="cite_ref-Cullmann_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cullmann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This builds upon the <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific</a> theme of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> which begins in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 1:36</a> with <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>'s proclamation: "The Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-Pollard_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollard-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hengel371_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hengel371-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further reinforcement of the concept is provided in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation#21:14" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">Revelation 21:14</a>, where the "lamb slain but standing" is the only one worthy of handling the scroll (i.e., the book) containing the names of those who are to be saved.<sup id="cite_ref-DeHaan_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeHaan-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A central element in the Christology presented in the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> is the affirmation of the belief that the death of Jesus by crucifixion happened "with the foreknowledge of God, according to a definite plan".<sup id="cite_ref-Matera67_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matera67-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this view, as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Acts#2:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Acts">Acts 2:23</a>, the cross is not viewed as a scandal, for the Crucifixion of Jesus "at the hands of the lawless" is viewed as the fulfilment of the plan of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Matera67_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matera67-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, Jesus' crucifixion is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Galatians#6:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Galatians">Galatians 6:12</a> may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwarz132_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwarz132-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Paul, the Crucifixion of Jesus was not an isolated event in history, but a cosmic event with significant <a href="/wiki/Eschatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Eschatological">eschatological</a> consequences, as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Corinthians#2:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 2:8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwarz132_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwarz132-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Pauline view, Jesus, obedient to the point of death (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Philippians#2:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Philippians">Philippians 2:8</a>), died "at the right time" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#4:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 4:25</a>) based on the plan of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwarz132_130-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwarz132-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Paul, the "power of the cross" is inseparable from the resurrection of his Lord.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwarz132_130-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwarz132-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in <a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilate's Court">Pilate's Court</a> Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father.<sup id="cite_ref-CalvinC_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CalvinC-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Church">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Church">Western Churches</a>. In the Eastern Church <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bulgakov" title="Sergei Bulgakov">Sergei Bulgakov</a> argued that the Crucifixion of Jesus was "<a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">pre-eternally</a>" determined by the Father before the creation of the world, to redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-SBulgakov_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBulgakov-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Western Church, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a> elaborated on the analogy that the blood of the Lamb of God (and the water from the side of Jesus) shed at the Crucifixion had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Mormons</a> believe that the Crucifixion was the culmination of Christ's atonement, which began in the <a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">Garden of Gethsemane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resurrection,_Ascension,_and_Second_Coming"><span id="Resurrection.2C_Ascension.2C_and_Second_Coming"></span>Resurrection, Ascension, and Second Coming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Resurrection, Ascension, and Second Coming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Second Coming of Christ</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Ascension of Jesus in Christian art">Ascension of Jesus in Christian art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/180px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/270px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/360px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4086" data-file-height="4977" /></a><figcaption>Depictions of the Resurrection of Jesus are <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">central to Christian art</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Christ_(Raphael)" title="Resurrection of Christ (Raphael)">Resurrection of Christ</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, 1499–1502).</figcaption></figure> <p>The New Testament teaches that the Resurrection of Jesus is a foundation of the Christian faith.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christians, through <a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">faith</a> in the working of God<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are spiritually resurrected with Jesus, and are <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">redeemed</a> so that they may walk in a new way of life.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">apostolic Church</a>, Jesus' resurrection was seen as heralding a <a href="/wiki/World_to_Come" class="mw-redirect" title="World to Come">new era</a>. Forming a theology of the resurrection fell to <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Apostle Paul</a>. It was not enough for Paul to simply repeat elementary teachings, but as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Hebrews%206:1">Hebrews 6:1</a> states, "go beyond the initial teachings about Christ and advance to maturity". Fundamental to Pauline theology is the connection between Christ's resurrection and redemption.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul explained the importance of the resurrection of Jesus as the cause and basis of the hope of Christians to share a similar experience in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Corinthians%2015:20–22">1 Cor 15:20–22</a>: </p> <blockquote><p> But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man. For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive.</p></blockquote> <p>If the cross stands at the center of Paul's theology, so does the resurrection: unless the one died the death of <i>all</i>, the <i>all</i> would have little to celebrate in the Resurrection of the one.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul taught that, just as Christians share in Jesus' death in baptism, so they will share in his resurrection<sup id="cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_2006-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for Jesus was designated the Son of God by his Resurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_2006-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul's views went against the thoughts of the Greek philosophers to whom a bodily resurrection meant a new imprisonment in a corporeal body, which was what they wanted to avoid, given that for them the corporeal and the material fettered the spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, Paul believed that the newly resurrected body would be a <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_body" title="Spiritual body">spiritual body</a>—immortal, glorified and powerful, in contrast to an earthly body which is mortal, dishonored and weak.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a>, discussed the death and resurrection of Jesus, including <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a> (50−115),<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a> (69−155), and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a> (100−165).<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I and Christianity">conversion of Constantine</a> and the liberating <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">Edict of Milan</a> in 313, the <a href="/wiki/First_seven_Ecumenical_Councils" class="mw-redirect" title="First seven Ecumenical Councils">ecumenical councils</a> of the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries, that focused on Christology helped shape the Christian understanding of the redemptive nature of resurrection, and influenced both the development of its iconography, and its use within <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nontrinitarian_perspectives">Nontrinitarian perspectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nontrinitarian perspectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a></div> <p>The doctrine of the Trinity, including the belief that Jesus is a <a href="/wiki/Prosopon" title="Prosopon">person</a> of the Trinity, is not universally accepted among Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nontrinitarian Christian groups include <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though modern nontrinitarian groups all reject the doctrine of the Trinity, their views still differ widely on the nature of Jesus. Some do not believe that Jesus is God, instead believing that he was a messenger from God, or prophet, or the perfect created human. This is the view espoused by ancient sects such as the <a href="/wiki/Ebionites" title="Ebionites">Ebionites</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and modern-day Unitarians.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a> – Compiling events of the biblical gospels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a> – Instruction of Jesus to his disciples to spread the gospel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a> – Christian devotion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">Jesus in comparative mythology</a> – Comparative mythology study of Jesus Christ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus in Islam</a> – Penultimate prophet and eschatological figure in Islam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism%27s_view_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism's view of Jesus">Judaism's view of Jesus</a> – Judaism's views on the central figure of Christianity<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDeharbe1912" class="citation book cs1">Deharbe, Joseph (1912). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion/Second Article"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Complete_Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Religion/Second_Article">"The Second Article: 'And in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>" </a></span>. <i>A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion</i>. Translated by Rev. John Fander. Schwartz, Kirwin & Fauss.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Second+Article%3A+%27And+in+Jesus+Christ%2C+His+only+Son%2C+our+Lord.%27&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Religion&rft.pub=Schwartz%2C+Kirwin+%26+Fauss&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Deharbe&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford Companion to the Bible</i> p. 649.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anselm-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anselm_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Christology of Anselm of Canterbury</i> by Dániel Deme 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-3779-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-3779-4">0-7546-3779-4</a>, pp. 199–200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cullmann-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cullmann_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cullmann_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCullmann1959" class="citation book cs1">Cullmann, Oscar (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vc_cPAAACAAJ"><i>The Christology of the New Testament</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-24351-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-24351-7"><bdi>0-664-24351-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christology+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=0-664-24351-7&rft.aulast=Cullmann&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvc_cPAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pannenberg-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pannenberg_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pannenberg_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pannenberg_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pannenberg_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Systematic Theology, Volume 2</i> by Wolfhart Pannenberg 2004 0567084663 ISBN, pp. 297–303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Acts%202:24">Acts 2:24</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Romans%2010:9">Romans 10:9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Corinthians%2015:15">1Cor 15:15</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%202:31–32&version=nrsv">Acts 2:31–32</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%203:15&version=nrsv">3:15</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%203:26&version=nrsv">3:26</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%204:10&version=nrsv">4:10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%205:30&version=nrsv">5:30</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2010:40–41&version=nrsv">10:40–41</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2013:30&version=nrsv">13:30</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2013:34&version=nrsv">13:34</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2013:37&version=nrsv">13:37</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2017:30–31&version=nrsv">17:30–31</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%206:14&version=nrsv">1Cor 6:14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Corinthians%204:14&version=nrsv">2Cor 4:14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%201:1&version=nrsv">Gal 1:1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ephesians%201:20&version=nrsv">Eph 1:20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Colossians%202:12&version=nrsv">Col 2:12</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Thessalonians%201:10&version=nrsv">1Thess 1:10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%2013:20&version=nrsv">Heb 13:20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Peter%201:3&version=nrsv">1Pet 1:3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Peter%201:21&version=nrsv">1:21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2016:19&version=nrsv">Mark 16:19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:69&version=nrsv">Luke 22:69</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%202:33&version=nrsv">Acts 2:33</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%205:31&version=nrsv">5:31</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%207:55–56&version=nrsv">7:55–56</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%208:34&version=nrsv">Romans 8:34</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ephesians%201:20&version=nrsv">Eph 1:20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Colossians%203:1&version=nrsv">Col 3:1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%201:3&version=nrsv">Hebrews 1:3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%201:13&version=nrsv">1:13</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%2010:12&version=nrsv">10:12</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%2012:2&version=nrsv">12:2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Peter%203:22&version=nrsv">1Peter 3:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:9–11&version=nrsv">Acts 1:9–11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CathLuther1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CathLuther1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Gregory Lee, <i>Catholic, Lutheran, Protestant: a doctrinal comparison</i> 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-16635-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-16635-3">978-0-615-16635-3</a> Part One: "Areas of Agreement", pages 11-17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Orthodox Church: An Introduction to Its History, Doctrine</i> by John Anthony McGuckin 2010 pages 6-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Basic Christian doctrine</i> by <a href="/wiki/John_H._Leith" title="John H. Leith">John H. Leith</a> 1993 pages 1-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Vatican Council, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_en.html"><i>Dei Verbum</i> (V.19)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531175312/https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_en.html">Archived</a> 2014-05-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Thomas Aquinas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/summa/100110.htm"><i>Whether in Holy Scripture a word may have several senses?</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060906114843/http://www.newadvent.org/summa/100110.htm">Archived</a> 2006-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; c.f. Catechism of the Catholic Church, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p1s1c2a3.htm#III">§116</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325191945/https://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p1s1c2a3.htm#III">Archived</a> 2015-03-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; R.C. Sproul, <i>Knowing Scripture</i> pp. 45–61; Greg Bahnsen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmfnow.com/articles/pt173.htm"><i>A Reformed Confession Regarding Hermeneutics</i> (art. 6)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204091801/http://www.cmfnow.com/articles/pt173.htm">Archived</a> 2014-12-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Scott Foutz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000414063800/http://www.quodlibet.net/luther.shtml"><i> Martin Luther and Scripture</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Who is Jesus? What Do Christians Believe?" Johns Hopkins University. Graduate Christian Fellowship. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://jhu.edu/gcf/beliefs.html#J">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304063444/http://www.jhu.edu/gcf/beliefs.html#J">Archived</a> 2013-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 May 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2014:1–3&version=nrsv">John 14:1–3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:10–11&version=nrsv">Acts 1:10–11</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2021:27&version=nrsv">Luke 21:27</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%201:7&version=nrsv">Revelation 1:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k85JKr1OXcQC&pg=PA902"><i>An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies</i></a>. Liturgical Press. 2007. p. 902. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5856-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5856-7"><bdi>978-0-8146-5856-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introductory+Dictionary+of+Theology+and+Religious+Studies&rft.pages=902&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5856-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk85JKr1OXcQC%26pg%3DPA902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-digby-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-digby_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digby_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Essays in New Testament interpretation</i> by Charles Francis Digby Moule 1982 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23783-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23783-1">0-521-23783-1</a> page 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Melody of Faith: Theology in an Orthodox Key</i> by Vigen Guroian 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-6496-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-6496-1">0-8028-6496-1</a> page 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JBreck12-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JBreck12_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JBreck12_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Scripture in tradition</i> by John Breck 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-226-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-226-0">0-88141-226-0</a> page 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zuck100-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck100_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck100_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Bible Knowledge Commentary</i> by John F. Walvoord, Roy B. Zuck 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88207-812-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88207-812-7">0-88207-812-7</a> page 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPent212-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WPent212_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPent212_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPent212_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The words and works of Jesus Christ</i> by J. Dwight Pentecost 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-30940-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-30940-6">978-0-310-30940-6</a> page 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sylvester-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sylvester_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunter, Sylvester. <i>Outlines of dogmatic theology</i>, Volume 2. 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-146-98633-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-146-98633-5">1-146-98633-5</a> p. 443</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houlden-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houlden_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houlden_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Houlden, Leslie. <i>Jesus: the Complete Guide</i>, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-8011-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-8011-X">0-8264-8011-X</a> p. 426</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i> §606–618; Council of Trent (1547) in Denzinger-Schönmetzer, <i>Enchiridion Symbolorum, definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum</i> (1965) §1529; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2014:2–3&version=nrsv">John 14:2–3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England,</i> article 9; <i>Augsburg Confession,</i> article 2; <i>Second Helvetic Confession,</i> chapter 8; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%205:12–21&version=nrsv">Romans 5:12–21</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:21–22&version=nrsv">1Cor. 15:21–22</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology</i> by Jack Dean Kingsbury, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6">0-664-25752-6</a> page xvi and 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stagg-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stagg_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stagg_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stagg, Frank. <i>New Testament Theology.</i> Broadman Press, 1962. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-1613-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-1613-7">0-8054-1613-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity</i> by Larry W. Hurtado 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3167-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3167-2">0-8028-3167-2</a> page 288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity</i> by Larry W. Hurtado 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3167-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3167-2">0-8028-3167-2</a> page 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cathenc-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14142b.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Son of God"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407100303/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14142b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Son+of+God&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14142b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OneTeacher-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OneTeacher_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel</i> by John Yueh-Han Yieh 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-018151-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-018151-7">3-11-018151-7</a> pages 240-241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pentecost-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pentecost_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwight Pentecost <i>The words and works of Jesus Christ</i> 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-30940-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-30940-9">0-310-30940-9</a> page 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bromiley571-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i> by Geoffrey W. Bromiley 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3785-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3785-9">0-8028-3785-9</a> page 571-572</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblia.com/books/nkjv/Jn1.1">"John 1:1"</a>. <i>Biblia.com</i>. Faithlife.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblia.com&rft.atitle=John+1%3A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblia.com%2Fbooks%2Fnkjv%2FJn1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Endo-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Endo_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Endo_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Creation and Christology</i> by Masanobu Endo 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-16-147789-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-16-147789-8">3-16-147789-8</a> page 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Editors1999-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Editors1999_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Editors1999_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahlbusch1999" class="citation cs2">Fahlbusch, Erwin (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z47zgZ75dqgC&q=Logos+as+God+in+the+early+church&pg=PA463"><i>The encyclopedia of Christianity</i></a>, Leiden, Netherland: Brill, p. 463, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2413-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2413-7"><bdi>0-8028-2413-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherland&rft.pages=463&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8028-2413-7&rft.aulast=Fahlbusch&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz47zgZ75dqgC%26q%3DLogos%2Bas%2BGod%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bearly%2Bchurch%26pg%3DPA463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rausch2003-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rausch2003_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rausch2003_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRausch2003" class="citation cs2">Rausch, Thomas P. (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8OJCa6euw5gC&q=Justin+Martyr+christology&pg=PA148"><i>Who is Jesus? : an introduction to Christology</i></a>, Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, p. 149, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5078-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5078-3"><bdi>0-8146-5078-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+is+Jesus%3F+%3A+an+introduction+to+Christology&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+Minn.&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8146-5078-3&rft.aulast=Rausch&rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8OJCa6euw5gC%26q%3DJustin%2BMartyr%2Bchristology%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGrath2007-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGrath2007_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2007" class="citation cs2">McGrath, Alister E. (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tHlY94UWi3UC&q=Justin+Martyr+christology&pg=PA282"><i>Christian theology : an introduction</i></a>, Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, p. 282, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-5360-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-5360-7"><bdi>978-1-4051-5360-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+theology+%3A+an+introduction&rft.place=Malden%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-5360-7&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Alister+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtHlY94UWi3UC%26q%3DJustin%2BMartyr%2Bchristology%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, Vol XIV p207, translated edition by H.R. Percival. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html">http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816024110/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html">Archived</a> 2000-08-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, trans H. R. Percival, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd Series, ed. P. Schaff and H. Wace, (repr. Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1955), XIV, pp. 192-242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bromiley, Geoffrey W. <i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i>, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3785-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3785-9">0-8028-3785-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Espín, Orlando O. and James B. Nickoloff.<i>An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies</i>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5856-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5856-3">0-8146-5856-3</a>, p. 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, Watson E. and Roger Aubrey Bullard. <i>Mercer dictionary of the Bible</i>, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a>. p. 712</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryrie, Charles C. <i>Basic Theology:</i>, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8024-2734-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8024-2734-0">0-8024-2734-0</a>. p. 275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daille-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daille_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daille, Jean. <i>An exposition of the epistle of Saint Paul to the Philippians</i>, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2511-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2511-7">0-8028-2511-7</a>. pp. 194-195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethune-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bethune_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bethune-Baker, James Franklin. <i>An introduction to the early history of Christian doctrine</i>, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4021-5770-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4021-5770-3">1-4021-5770-3</a>. p. 334</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williston-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williston_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker, Williston. <i>A History of the Christian Church</i>, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4400-4446-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4400-4446-5">1-4400-4446-5</a>. pp. 65-66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grillmeier, John Bowden. <i>Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon</i>. Aloys, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22301-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22301-X">0-664-22301-X</a>. pp. 15-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helyer, Larry R. <i>The Witness of Jesus, Paul and John: An Exploration in Biblical Theology</i>, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8308-2888-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8308-2888-5">0-8308-2888-5</a> p. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahner, Karl. <i>Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi</i>, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86012-006-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-86012-006-6">0-86012-006-6</a>. pp. 474 and 1434</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burke, Raymond L.; et al. (2008). <i>Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57918-355-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57918-355-4">978-1-57918-355-4</a>. pp. 613-614</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/matthew/1:6">"Matthew 1:6 Matthew 1:6"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202212520/http://www.usccb.org/bible/matthew/1:6">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matthew+1%3A6+Matthew+1%3A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fbible%2Fmatthew%2F1%3A6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/luke/3:31">"Luke 3:31"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202213800/http://www.usccb.org/bible/luke/3:31">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luke+3%3A31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fbible%2Fluke%2F3%3A31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamascus" class="citation web cs1">Damascus, Saint John of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OToIDAAAQBAJ&dq=One+ought+also+to+observe+this%2C+that+the+law+was+that+when+a+man+died+without+seed%2C+this+man%27s+brother+should+take+to+wife+the+wife+of+the+dead+man+and+raise+up+seed+to+his+brother&pg=PT163">"Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, chapter XIII"</a>. Aeterna Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123125100/https://books.google.com/books?id=OToIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT163&lpg=PT163&dq=One+ought+also+to+observe+this,+that+the+law+was+that+when+a+man+died+without+seed,+this+man%27s+brother+should+take+to+wife+the+wife+of+the+dead+man+and+raise+up+seed+to+his+brother&source=bl&ots=EfMhh8epRo&sig=ACfU3U2Y9_c4NOWlXFK9bmTzBGFj4BlKxQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4gaqLr53gAhXo8YMKHQzmAycQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=One%20ought%20also%20to%20observe%20this%2C%20that%20the%20law%20was%20that%20when%20a%20man%20died%20without%20seed%2C%20this%20man's%20brother%20should%20take%20to%20wife%20the%20wife%20of%20the%20dead%20man%20and%20raise%20up%20seed%20to%20his%20brother&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exposition+of+the+Orthodox+Faith%2C+chapter+XIII&rft.pub=Aeterna+Press&rft.aulast=Damascus&rft.aufirst=Saint+John+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOToIDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DOne%2Bought%2Balso%2Bto%2Bobserve%2Bthis%252C%2Bthat%2Bthe%2Blaw%2Bwas%2Bthat%2Bwhen%2Ba%2Bman%2Bdied%2Bwithout%2Bseed%252C%2Bthis%2Bman%2527s%2Bbrother%2Bshould%2Btake%2Bto%2Bwife%2Bthe%2Bwife%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bdead%2Bman%2Band%2Braise%2Bup%2Bseed%2Bto%2Bhis%2Bbrother%26pg%3DPT163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenMcKnightMarshall1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joel_B._Green" title="Joel B. Green">Green, Joel B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Scot_McKnight" title="Scot McKnight">McKnight, Scot</a>; <a href="/wiki/I._Howard_Marshall" title="I. Howard Marshall">Marshall, I. Howard</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ntwNm-tOogC"><i>Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. p. 442. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1777-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1777-1"><bdi>978-0-8308-1777-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Jesus+and+the+Gospels&rft.pages=442&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1777-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel+B.&rft.au=McKnight%2C+Scot&rft.au=Marshall%2C+I.+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ntwNm-tOogC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BarrLang-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BarrLang_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr1970" class="citation journal cs1">Barr, James (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203184449/https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:1m2973">"Which language did Jesus speak"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester</i>. <b>53</b> (1): 9–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7227%2FBJRL.53.1.2">10.7227/BJRL.53.1.2</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:1m2973">the original</a> on 2018-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+University+Library+of+Manchester&rft.atitle=Which+language+did+Jesus+speak&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9-29&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7227%2FBJRL.53.1.2&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholar.manchester.ac.uk%2Fuk-ac-man-scw%3A1m2973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porter110-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Porter110_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter1997" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Stanley E. (1997). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbooktoexeges00port"><i>Handbook to exegesis of the New Testament</i></a></span>. Brill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbooktoexeges00port/page/n124">110</a>–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09921-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09921-0"><bdi>978-90-04-09921-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+exegesis+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=110-12&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09921-0&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbooktoexeges00port&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">Dunn, James D.G.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G4qpnvoautgC"><i>Jesus Remembered</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 313–315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3931-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3931-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-3931-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Remembered&rft.pages=313-315&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3931-2&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG4qpnvoautgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen_C._Myers-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_C._Myers_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen_C._Myers1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Allen C. Myers, ed. (1987). "Aramaic". <i>The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2402-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2402-1"><bdi>0-8028-2402-1</bdi></a>. <q>It is generally agreed that Aramaic was the common language of Israel in the first century AD. Jesus and his disciples spoke the Galilean dialect, which was distinguished from that of Jerusalem (Matt. 26:73).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aramaic&rft.btitle=The+Eerdmans+Bible+Dictionary&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8028-2402-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/32043/Aramaic-language">"Aramaic language"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aramaic+language&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F32043%2FAramaic-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/mt/14:36">"Matthew 14:46"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801152744/http://www.usccb.org/bible/mt/14:36">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matthew+14%3A46&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fbible%2Fmt%2F14%3A36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/luke/8:43">"Luke 8:43-44"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801140935/http://www.usccb.org/bible/luke/8:43">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luke+8%3A43-44&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fbible%2Fluke%2F8%3A43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin M. Jensen "Jesus in Christian art", Chapter 29 of <i>The Blackwell Companion to Jesus</i> edited by Delbert Burkett 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-9362-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-9362-X">1-4051-9362-X</a> page 477-502</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The likeness of the king: a prehistory of portraiture in late medieval France</i> by Stephen Perkinson 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-65879-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-65879-1">0-226-65879-1</a> page 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kidd-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kidd_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_Kidd2006" class="citation book cs1">Colin Kidd (2006). <i>The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000</i>. Cambridge, UK: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79324-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79324-7"><bdi>978-0-521-79324-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forging+of+Races%3A+Race+and+Scripture+in+the+Protestant+Atlantic+World%2C+1600%E2%80%932000&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79324-7&rft.au=Colin+Kidd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alister16-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alister16_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alister16_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrath, Alister E. <i>Christianity: an introduction</i>, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-0901-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-0901-7">978-1-4051-0901-7</a>. pp. 16-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kostenberger140-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger140_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger140_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_J._Kostenberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas J. Kostenberger">Köstenberger, Andreas J.</a>, L. Scott Kellum. <i>The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament</i>, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3">978-0-8054-4365-3</a>. p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChronosPaul-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChronosPaul_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChronosPaul_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Maier" title="Paul L. Maier">Maier, Paul L.</a> "The Date of the Nativity and Chronology of Jesus" in Vardaman, Jerry and Edwin M. Yamauchi.<i>Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies</i>, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-931464-50-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-931464-50-1">0-931464-50-1</a>. pp. 113-129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnett19-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett19_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnett, Paul. <i>Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times</i>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8308-2699-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8308-2699-8">0-8308-2699-8</a>. pp. 19-21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanders-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanders_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1993" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, E.P. (1993). <i>The Historical Figure of Jesus</i>. Penguin. pp. 11, 249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140144994" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140144994"><bdi>978-0140144994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus&rft.pages=11%2C+249&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0140144994&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, Leon. <i>The Gospel according to Matthew</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85111-338-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85111-338-9">0-85111-338-9</a>. p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redford117-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Redford117_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Redford, Douglas. <i>The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels</i>, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a>. pp. 117-130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ladd, George Eldon. <i>A theology of the New Testament</i>. p. 324</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redford143-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Redford143_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Redford, Douglas. <i>The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels</i>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a>. pp. 143-160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cox, Steven L., Kendell H Easley. <i>Harmony of the Gospels</i>, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8">0-8054-9444-8</a>. pp. 97-110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redford165-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Redford165_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Redford, Douglas. <i>The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels</i>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a>. pp. 165-180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KingsburyMark-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KingsburyMark_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingsbury, Jack Dean. <i>The Christology of Mark's Gospel</i>, 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8006-2337-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8006-2337-1">0-8006-2337-1</a>. pp. 91-95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barton132-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, Stephen C. <i>The Cambridge companion to the Gospels</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00261-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00261-3">0-521-00261-3</a>. pp. 132-133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cox, Steven L., Kendell H Easley. <i>Harmony of the Gospels</i>, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8">0-8054-9444-8</a>. pp. 121-135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Redford, Douglas. <i>The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels</i>, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a>. pp. 189-207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cox, Steven L., Kendell H. Easley. <i>Harmony of the Gospels</i>, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8">0-8054-9444-8</a>. p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Redford, Douglas. <i>The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels</i>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a>. pp. 211-229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, Watson E. and Roger Aubrey Bullard. <i>Mercer dictionary of the Bible</i>, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a>, p. 929</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cox155-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cox155_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cox, Steven L., Kendell H Easley. <i>Harmony of the Gospels</i>, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8">0-8054-9444-8</a>. p. 155-170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner613-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Turner613_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turner, David L. <i>Matthew</i>, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-2684-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-2684-9">0-8010-2684-9</a>. p.613</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated98-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated98_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated98_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborn, Eric Francis. <i>The Emergence of Christian Theology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521430784" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521430784">978-0521430784</a> p.98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blomb442-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blomb442_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blomberg, Craig L. <i>Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey</i>. B & H Academic, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-4482-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-4482-3">0-8054-4482-3</a>. pp. 441-442</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-And108-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-And108_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Köstenberger, Andreas J. <i>The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4255-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4255-0">0-8028-4255-0</a> pages 108-109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talbert, Charles H. <i>Matthew</i>. Baker Academic, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-3192-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-3192-3">0-8010-3192-3</a> p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gail142-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gail142_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Day, Gail R., Susan Hylen. <i>John (Westminster Bible Companion)</i> Westminster John Knox Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25260-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25260-1">978-0-664-25260-1</a>, Chapter 15: The Farewell Discourse, pages 142-168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howick7-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howick7_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howick7_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howick7_89-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Howick, E. Keith. <i>The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah</i>. WindRiver Publishing, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-886249-02-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-886249-02-8">978-1-886249-02-8</a> pp. 7-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cradle194-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cradle194_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Köstenberger, Andreas J.L. Scott Kellum, Charles L. Quarles. <i>The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament</i>. B&H Academic, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3">978-0-8054-4365-3</a>. pp. 194-196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keener37-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keener37_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keener, Craig S. <i>The Gospel of Matthew</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6498-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6498-7">978-0-8028-6498-7</a>. pp. 37-38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RTFrance-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RTFrance_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">France, R.T. <i>The Gospel of Matthew (New International Commentary on the New Testament)</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2501-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2501-8">978-0-8028-2501-8</a>. p.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaught, Carl G. <i>The Sermon on the Mount: a Theological Investigation</i>. Baylor University Press; 2nd edition, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-918954-76-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-918954-76-3">978-0-918954-76-3</a>. pp. xi-xiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Beatitudes." F. L. Cross (Editor), E. A. Livingstone (Editor). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church.</i> New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0192802903" title="Special:BookSources/978-0192802903">978-0192802903</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haste-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haste_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hastings, James. <i>A Dictionary Of The Bible</i>. Oxford University Press, USA; 3rd Revised edition, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4102-1730-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-4102-1730-2">1-4102-1730-2</a> pp.15-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peace-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peace_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jegen, Carol Frances. <i>Jesus the Peacemaker</i>. Sheed & Ward, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934134-36-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-934134-36-7">0-934134-36-7</a>. pp. 68-71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Synop-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Synop_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Majerník Ján, Joseph Ponessa, Laurie Watson Manhardt. <i>The Synoptics: Matthew, Mark, Luke</i>. Sheed & Ward, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931018-31-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-931018-31-6">1-931018-31-6</a>, pp.63-68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toussaint-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Toussaint_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toussaint, Stanley D. <i>Behold the King: A Study of Matthew</i>. Kregel Academic & Professional, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8254-3845-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8254-3845-4">0-8254-3845-4</a>. pp.215-216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jensen, Richard A. <i>Preaching Matthew's Gospel</i>. CSS Publishing Company, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7880-1221-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7880-1221-1">978-0-7880-1221-1</a>. pp. 25 & 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chouinard, Larry. <i>Matthew (The College Press NIV Commentary)</i>. College Press Publishing Company, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89900-628-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89900-628-0">0-89900-628-0</a>. p.321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockyer174-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer174_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer, Herbert. <i>All the Parables of the Bible</i>. Zondervan, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28111-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28111-5">978-0-310-28111-5</a>. p.174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JDPentecost10-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JDPentecost10_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pentecost, J. Dwight. <i>The parables of Jesus: Lessons in Life from the Master Teacher</i>. Zondervan, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8254-3458-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8254-3458-0">0-8254-3458-0</a>. p.10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lisco9-11-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lisco9-11_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lisco9-11_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisco, Friedrich Gustav, and Patrick Fairbairn. <i>The parables of Jesus Explained and Illustrated Volume 29</i>. Nabu Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1149508398" title="Special:BookSources/978-1149508398">978-1149508398</a>. pp.9-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxenden, Ashton. <i>The parables of our Lord.</i> William Macintosh Publishers, London, 1864. ASIN: B008RW5N2S. p.6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barclay12-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barclay12_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barclay12_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barclay, William. <i>The Parables of Jesus</i>. Westminster John Knox Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25828-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25828-X">0-664-25828-X</a> p.12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472550286.ch-006">"The Temple and Gentiles"</a>, <i>Attitudes to Gentiles in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity</i>, Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781472550286.ch-006">10.5040/9781472550286.ch-006</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-56763-766-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-56763-766-6"><bdi>978-0-56763-766-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Attitudes+to+Gentiles+in+Ancient+Judaism+and+Early+Christianity&rft.atitle=The+Temple+and+Gentiles&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5040%2F9781472550286.ch-006&rft.isbn=978-0-56763-766-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5040%2F9781472550286.ch-006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The emergence of Christian theology</i> by Eric Francis Osborn 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43078-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43078-X">0-521-43078-X</a> page 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2017:19&version=nrsv">Lk 17:19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarthaler1993" class="citation book cs1">Marthaler, Berard L. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creedapostolicfa0000mart/page/220"><i>The creed: the apostolic faith in contemporary theology</i></a>. Twenty-Third Publications; 3rd Revised edition. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creedapostolicfa0000mart/page/220">220</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89622-537-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89622-537-2"><bdi>0-89622-537-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+creed%3A+the+apostolic+faith+in+contemporary+theology&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Twenty-Third+Publications%3B+3rd+Revised+edition&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-89622-537-2&rft.aulast=Marthaler&rft.aufirst=Berard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcreedapostolicfa0000mart%2Fpage%2F220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockyer1988" class="citation book cs1">Lockyer, Herbert (1988). <i>All the Parables of the Bible</i>. Zondervan. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28111-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28111-5"><bdi>978-0-310-28111-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Parables+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-310-28111-5&rft.aulast=Lockyer&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2014:34–36&version=nrsv">Mt 14:34–36</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1988" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Pheme (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingnewtesta00perk/page/54"><i>Reading the New Testament: An Introduction</i></a>. Paulist Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingnewtesta00perk/page/54">54</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8091-2939-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8091-2939-6"><bdi>0-8091-2939-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+New+Testament%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8091-2939-6&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadingnewtesta00perk%2Fpage%2F54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blomberg197-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blomberg197_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blomberg197_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlomberg2009" class="citation book cs1">Blomberg, Craig L. (2009). <i>Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey</i>. B & H Academic. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4482-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4482-7"><bdi>978-0-8054-4482-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+the+Gospels%3A+An+Introduction+and+Survey&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=B+%26+H+Academic&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-4482-7&rft.aulast=Blomberg&rft.aufirst=Craig+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_on_Miracles_114-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10338a.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia on Miracles"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116010649/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10338a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia+on+Miracles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F10338a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer, Herbert. <i>All the Parables of the Bible</i>. Zondervan, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28111-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28111-5">978-0-310-28111-5</a>. p.25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brande, William Thomas, George William Cox. <i>A dictionary of science, literature, & art</i>. London, 1867, also Published by Old Classics on Kindle, 2009, page 655</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramm, Bernard L. <i>An Evangelical Christology: Ecumenic and Historic</i>. Regent College Publishing, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57383-008-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57383-008-9">1-57383-008-9</a>. p.45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stocker, Ken. Jim Stocker. <i>Facts, Faith, and the FAQs</i>. Xulon Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1600347535" title="Special:BookSources/978-1600347535">978-1600347535</a>. p.139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maguire, Robert. <i>The Miracles of Christ</i>. Ulan Press, 2012. ASIN: B009QMIYOW. p.133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiersbe, Warren W. <i>Classic Sermons on the Miracles of Jesus</i>. Kregel Academic & Professional, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8254-3999-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8254-3999-X">0-8254-3999-X</a>. p.132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:30&version=nrsv">20:30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Powell, Mark Allan (ed.) and David R. Bauer (ed.). <i>Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology</i>. Westminster John Knox Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6">0-664-25752-6</a>. p.106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauckhman, Richard. "The Johannine Jesus and the Synoptic Jesus". <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://richardbauckham.co.uk/uploads/Accessible/Johannine%20Jessus%20&%20Synoptic%20Jesus.pdf">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005638/http://richardbauckham.co.uk/uploads/Accessible/Johannine%20Jessus%20%26%20Synoptic%20Jesus.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-11-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2 May 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadananda2004" class="citation book cs1">Sadananda, Rathnakara Sadananda (2004). <i>The Johannine exegesis of God: An Exploration into the Johannine Understanding Of God</i>. Walter De Gruyter Inc. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-018248-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-018248-3"><bdi>3-11-018248-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Johannine+exegesis+of+God%3A+An+Exploration+into+the+Johannine+Understanding+Of+God&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Walter+De+Gruyter+Inc&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-11-018248-3&rft.aulast=Sadananda&rft.aufirst=Rathnakara+Sadananda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pollard-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pollard_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard2005" class="citation book cs1">Pollard, T. E. (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johanninechristo00poll"><i>Johannine Christology and the Early Church</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johanninechristo00poll/page/n33">21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-01868-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-01868-4"><bdi>0-521-01868-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johannine+Christology+and+the+Early+Church&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-01868-4&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=T.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohanninechristo00poll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hengel371-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hengel371_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHengel2004" class="citation book cs1">Hengel, Martin (2004). <i>Studies in Early Christology</i>. T&T Clark. p. 371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-04280-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-04280-4"><bdi>0-567-04280-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Early+Christology&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-567-04280-4&rft.aulast=Hengel&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeHaan-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeHaan_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Haan1998" class="citation book cs1">De Haan, M. R. (1998). <i>Studies in Revelation</i>. Kregel Classics. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0825424854" title="Special:BookSources/978-0825424854"><bdi>978-0825424854</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Revelation&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Kregel+Classics&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0825424854&rft.aulast=De+Haan&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matera67-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matera67_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matera67_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatera1999" class="citation book cs1">Matera, Frank J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newtestamentchri0000mate/page/67"><i>New Testament Christology</i></a>. Kregel Classics. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newtestamentchri0000mate/page/67">67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25694-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25694-5"><bdi>0-664-25694-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Testament+Christology&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Kregel+Classics&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-664-25694-5&rft.aulast=Matera&rft.aufirst=Frank+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewtestamentchri0000mate%2Fpage%2F67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The speeches in Acts: their content, context, and concerns</i> by Marion L. Soards 1994 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25221-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25221-4">0-664-25221-4</a> page 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwarz132-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwarz132_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwarz132_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwarz132_130-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwarz132_130-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1998" class="citation book cs1">Schwarz, Hans (1998). <i>Christology</i>. pp. 132–134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4463-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4463-4"><bdi>0-8028-4463-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christology&rft.pages=132-134&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8028-4463-4&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CalvinC-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CalvinC_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmondson2004" class="citation book cs1">Edmondson, Edmondson (2004). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/calvinschristolo00edmo_868"><i>Calvin's Christology</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/calvinschristolo00edmo_868/page/n106">91</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-54154-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-54154-9"><bdi>0-521-54154-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calvin%27s+Christology&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-54154-9&rft.aulast=Edmondson&rft.aufirst=Edmondson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcalvinschristolo00edmo_868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Reading and Preaching of the Scriptures</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Oliphant_Old" title="Hughes Oliphant Old">Hughes Oliphant Old</a> 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4775-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4775-7">0-8028-4775-7</a> page 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBulgakov-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SBulgakov_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulgakovJakim2008" class="citation book cs1">Bulgakov, Sergei; Jakim, Boris (2008). <i>The Lamb of God</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2779-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2779-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-2779-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lamb+of+God&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2779-1&rft.aulast=Bulgakov&rft.aufirst=Sergei&rft.au=Jakim%2C+Boris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahner2004" class="citation book cs1">Rahner, Karl (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi</i>. Burns & Oates. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86012-006-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-86012-006-6"><bdi>0-86012-006-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+theology%3A+a+concise+Sacramentum+mundi&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Burns+%26+Oates&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-86012-006-6&rft.aulast=Rahner&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/gethsemane?lang=eng">"churchofjesuschrist.org - Gethsemane"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=churchofjesuschrist.org+-+Gethsemane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fscriptures%2Fgs%2Fgethsemane%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:12–20&version=nrsv">1 Cor 15:12–20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+1:3&version=hcsb">1 Pet 1:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Colossians%202:12&version=nrsv">Col 2:12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%206:4&version=nrsv">Rom 6:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The creed: the apostolic faith in contemporary theology</i> by Berard L. Marthaler 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89622-537-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89622-537-2">0-89622-537-2</a> page 361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, James D. G. <i>Theology of Paul the Apostle</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802844231" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802844231">978-0802844231</a>. p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ehrman_2006-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ehrman, Bart. Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend. Oxford University Press, USA. 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-530013-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-530013-0">0-19-530013-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%201:4&version=nrsv">Rom. 1:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reichelt, Karl Ludvig and Sverre Holth. <i>Meditation and Piety in the Far East</i>, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-227-17235-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-227-17235-3">0-227-17235-3</a> p.30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:42–49&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 15:42–49</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ignatius makes many passing references, but two extended discussions are found in the <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_the_Trallians" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter to the Trallians">Letter to the Trallians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_the_Smyrnaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter to the Smyrnaeans">Letter to the Smyrnaeans</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dialogue with Trypho</i>, critical edition by Philippe Bobichon : <i>Dialogue avec Tryphon</i>. Vol. I, Editions universitaires de Fribourg, 2003, 45, 1-4 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7280008/JUSTIN_MARTYR_Dialogue_avec_Tryphon_Dialogue_with_Trypho_%C3%A9dition_critique_VOLUME_I_Introduction_Texte_grec_Traduction_Coll_Paradosis_%C3%A9ditions_universitaires_de_Fribourg_Suisse_no_47_1_2003_563_pages">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210402145537/https://www.academia.edu/7280008/JUSTIN_MARTYR_Dialogue_avec_Tryphon_Dialogue_with_Trypho_%C3%A9dition_critique_VOLUME_I_Introduction_Texte_grec_Traduction_Coll_Paradosis_%C3%A9ditions_universitaires_de_Fribourg_Suisse_no_47_1_2003_563_pages">Archived</a> 2021-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Resurrection and the icon</i> by Michel Quenot 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-149-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-149-3">0-88141-149-3</a> page 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmann" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Friedmann, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A597.html">"Antitrinitarianism"</a>. <i>Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antitrinitarianism&rft.btitle=Global+Anabaptist+Mennonite+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Friedmann&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameo.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fcontents%2FA597.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoyce1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Joyce, George H. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Blessed Trinity"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Blessed_Trinity">"Blessed Trinity" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blessed+Trinity&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021175426/http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/mormonism-101">"Mormonism 101: What is Mormonism"</a>, <i>MormonNewsroom.org</i>, LDS Church, October 13, 2014, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/mormonism-101">the original</a> on October 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MormonNewsroom.org&rft.atitle=Mormonism+101%3A+What+is+Mormonism&rft.date=2014-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mormonnewsroom.org%2Farticle%2Fmormonism-101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Antitrinitarianism." F. L. Cross (Editor), E. A. Livingstone (Editor). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church.</i> New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0192802903" title="Special:BookSources/978-0192802903">978-0192802903</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyam_Maccoby1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hyam_Maccoby" title="Hyam Maccoby">Hyam Maccoby</a> (1987). <i>The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity</i>. HarperCollins. pp. 172–183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-250585-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-250585-8"><bdi>0-06-250585-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mythmaker%3A+Paul+and+the+Invention+of+Christianity&rft.pages=172-183&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-06-250585-8&rft.au=Hyam+Maccoby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiano2003" class="citation book cs1">Miano, David (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521191654/http://www.americanunitarian.org/explanation.htm"><i>An Explanation of Unitarian Christianity</i></a>. AUC. p. 15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanunitarian.org/explanation.htm">the original</a> on 2019-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Explanation+of+Unitarian+Christianity&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=AUC&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Miano&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanunitarian.org%2Fexplanation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus_footer" title="Template talk:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jesus" title="Outline of Jesus">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesus-related_topics" title="List of Jesus-related topics">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Jesus's life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Testament_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Testament_people" title="Template:New Testament people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Testament_people" title="Template talk:New Testament people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Testament_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Testament people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Testament_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament_people" title="Category:New Testament people">New Testament people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">In Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphaeus" title="Alphaeus">Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna the Prophetess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabbas" title="Barabbas">Barabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_blind_near_Jericho" title="Healing the blind near Jericho">Bartimaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_man_of_Bethsaida" title="Blind man of Bethsaida">Blind man <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bethsaida)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celidonius" title="Celidonius">Celidonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopas" title="Cleopas">Cleopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Penitent thief <span style="font-size:85%;">("Dismas")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impenitent_thief" title="Impenitent thief">Impenitent thief <span style="font-size:85%;">("Gestas")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Jairus%27_daughter" title="Raising of Jairus' daughter">Jairus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna,_wife_of_Chuza" title="Joanna, wife of Chuza">Joanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude,_brother_of_Jesus" title="Jude, brother of Jesus">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_(demons)" title="Legion (demons)">Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus" title="Malchus">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_James" title="Mary, mother of James">Mary, mother of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Clopas" title="Mary of Clopas">Mary of Clopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_fugitive" title="Naked fugitive">Naked fugitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Nain" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Nain">Son of Nain's widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nicodemus_ben_Gurion" title="Nicodemus ben Gurion">Nicodemus ben Gurion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(disciple)" title="Salome (disciple)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">Samaritan woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon,_brother_of_Jesus" title="Simon, brother of Jesus">Simon, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Leper" title="Simon the Leper">Simon the Leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Pharisee" title="Simon the Pharisee">Simon the Pharisee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(disciple)" title="Susanna (disciple)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Syrophoenician_woman%27s_daughter" title="Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter">Syrophoenician woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacchaeus" title="Zacchaeus">Zacchaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_James" title="New Testament people named James">People named James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_John" title="New Testament people named John">People named John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Joseph" title="New Testament people named Joseph">People named Joseph</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Joses" title="Joses">Joses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Judas_or_Jude" title="New Testament people named Judas or Jude">People named Judas or Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Mary" title="New Testament people named Mary">People named Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Simon" title="New Testament people named Simon">People named Simon or Simeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel#Christian_beliefs" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Jesus's brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_demonology" title="Christian demonology">Demons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Female disciples of Jesus">Female disciples of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God-fearer" title="God-fearer">God-fearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodians" title="Herodians">Herodians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_the_biblical_nameless#New_Testament" title="List of names for the biblical nameless">Nameless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselyte" title="Proselyte">Proselytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofer" title="Sofer">Scribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_crucifixion" title="Women at the crucifixion">Women at the crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealots_(Judea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealots (Judea)">Zealots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Less" title="James the Less">Less</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James, son of Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Disciple whom Jesus loved</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Judas Thaddaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon the Zealot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_(biblical_figure)" title="Aeneas (biblical figure)">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_of_Damascus" title="Ananias of Damascus">Ananias <span style="font-size:85%;">(Damascus)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Ananias <span style="font-size:85%;">(Judaea)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_son_of_Nedebeus" title="Ananias son of Nedebeus">Ananias son of Nedebeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Thessalonica" title="Aristarchus of Thessalonica">Aristarchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastus" title="Blastus">Blastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaris_(biblical_figure)" title="Damaris (biblical figure)">Damaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_(biblical_figure)" title="Demetrius (biblical figure)">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas" title="Dorcas">Dorcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymas" title="Elymas">Elymas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_(prophet)" title="Egyptian (prophet)">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_eunuch" title="Ethiopian eunuch">Ethiopian eunuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychus" title="Eutychus">Eutychus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel" title="Gamaliel">Gamaliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_of_Thessalonica" title="Jason of Thessalonica">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barsabbas" title="Joseph Barsabbas">Joseph Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee" title="Judas of Galilee">Judas of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Cyrene" title="Lucius of Cyrene">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_of_Thyatira" title="Lydia of Thyatira">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manahen" title="Manahen">Manaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark" title="John Mark">(John) Mark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_cousin_of_Barnabas" title="Mark the cousin of Barnabas">cousin of Barnabas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_John_Mark" title="Mary, mother of John Mark">Mary, mother of (John) Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnason" title="Mnason">Mnason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_the_Deacon" title="Nicanor the Deacon">Nicanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaism#Nicolas" title="Nicolaism">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenas" title="Parmenas">Parmenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Evangelist" title="Philip the Evangelist">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochorus_(deacon)" title="Prochorus (deacon)">Prochorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Publius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoda_(biblical_figure)" title="Rhoda (biblical figure)">Rhoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Sapphira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceva" title="Sceva">Sceva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Deacons" title="Seven Deacons">Seven Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silvanus_of_the_Seventy" title="Silvanus of the Seventy">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Niger" title="Simeon Niger">Simeon Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopater" title="Sopater">Sopater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosthenes" title="Sosthenes">Sosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudas" title="Theudas">Theudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophimus" title="Trophimus">Trophimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tychicus" title="Tychicus">Tychicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenas_the_Lawyer" title="Zenas the Lawyer">Zenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Romans and<br /><a href="/wiki/Herodian_dynasty" title="Herodian dynasty">Herod's family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Gospels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Antipas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Archelaus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longinus" title="Longinus">Longinus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate%27s_wife" title="Pontius Pilate's wife">Pilate's wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome" title="Salome">Salome</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Acts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_II" title="Herod Agrippa II">Agrippa II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Berenice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drusilla_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Drusilla (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Drusilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Felix" title="Antonius Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcius_Festus" title="Porcius Festus">Festus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Gallio_Annaeanus" title="Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus">Gallio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Lysias" title="Claudius Lysias">Lysias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_Paulus" title="Sergius Paulus">Paullus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaicus_of_Corinth" title="Achaicus of Corinth">Achaicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Ephesian)" title="Alexander (Ephesian)">Alexander of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Coppersmith" title="Alexander the Coppersmith">Alexander the Coppersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronicus_of_Pannonia" title="Andronicus of Pannonia">Andronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archippus" title="Archippus">Archippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV_Philopatris" title="Aretas IV Philopatris">Aretas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_(saint)" title="Artemas (saint)">Artemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpus_of_Beroea" title="Carpus of Beroea">Carpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Claudia" title="Saint Claudia">Claudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescens" title="Crescens">Crescens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demas" title="Demas">Demas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diotrephes" title="Diotrephes">Diotrephes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaphras" title="Epaphras">Epaphras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaphroditus" title="Epaphroditus">Epaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_of_Corinth" title="Erastus of Corinth">Erastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_(biblical_figure)" title="Eunice (biblical figure)">Eunice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euodia_and_Syntyche" title="Euodia and Syntyche">Euodia and Syntyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodion_of_Patras" title="Herodion of Patras">Herodion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymenaeus_(biblical_figure)" title="Hymenaeus (biblical figure)">Hymenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Justus" title="Jesus Justus">Jesus Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junia_(New_Testament_person)" title="Junia (New Testament person)">Junia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_(biblical_figure)" title="Lois (biblical figure)">Lois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Rome" title="Mary of Rome">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphas" title="Nymphas">Nymphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympas" title="Olympas">Olympas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesiphorus" title="Onesiphorus">Onesiphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pudens" title="Saint Pudens">Pudens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_(biblical_figure)" title="Philemon (biblical figure)">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_(biblical_figure)" title="Philetus (biblical figure)">Philetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(biblical_figure)" title="Phoebe (biblical figure)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartus" title="Quartus">Quartus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipater" title="Sosipater">Sosipater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertius_of_Iconium" title="Tertius of Iconium">Tertius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryphena_and_Tryphosa" title="Tryphena and Tryphosa">Tryphena and Tryphosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipas_of_Pergamum" title="Antipas of Pergamum">Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Apollyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Glossary of the Catholic Church">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Petrine primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of 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