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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Muscles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muscles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Muscles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muscles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blood_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Blood supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nerve_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nerve_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Nerve supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nerve_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Variation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deformity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deformity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Deformity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deformity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>In reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tā" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tā"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span><span><i>Tā</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tā-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hallux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hallux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span><span><i>Hallux</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hallux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85" title="إصبع القدم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إصبع القدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A8%DC%92%DC%A5%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AA%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%90" title="ܨܒܥܐ ܕܪܓܠܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܨܒܥܐ ܕܪܓܠܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ositicic" title="Ositicic – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Ositicic" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaq_barma%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Ayaq barmağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ayaq barmağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jariji_batis" title="Jariji batis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Jariji batis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha-ch%C3%A1i%E2%81%BF" title="Kha-cháiⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kha-cháiⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Палец нагі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палец нагі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пръсти на крака – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пръсти на крака" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zechn" title="Zechn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zechn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biz-troad" title="Biz-troad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Biz-troad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dits_del_peu" title="Dits del peu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dits del peu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D3%B3%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Ура пӳрни – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ура пӳрни" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prstec" title="Prstec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prstec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bys_troed" title="Bys troed – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bys troed" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5" title="Tå – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tå" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehe_(Fu%C3%9F)" title="Zehe (Fuß) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zehe (Fuß)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varvas" title="Varvas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Varvas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedos_del_pie" title="Dedos del pie – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dedos del pie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedfingro" title="Piedfingro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piedfingro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behatz" title="Behatz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Behatz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="انگشت پا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگشت پا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orteil" title="Orteil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orteil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tean" title="Tean – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tean" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ar_coise" title="Méar coise – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Méar coise" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meur-coise" title="Meur-coise – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meur-coise" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deda" title="Deda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Deda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiok-ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%81" title="Kiok-chṳ́ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiok-chṳ́" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EA%B0%80%EB%9D%BD" title="발가락 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발가락" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BF%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ոտքի մատներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոտքի մատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari_kaki" title="Jari kaki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jari kaki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1" title="Tá – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tá" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A3_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C" title="אצבעות כף הרגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אצבעות כף הרגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driji_sikil" title="Driji sikil – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Driji sikil" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಾಲ್ಬೆರಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಲ್ಬೆರಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B2t%C3%A8y" title="Zòtèy – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zòtèy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9if" title="Zéif – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zéif" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosapi_mwa_lokolo" title="Mosapi mwa lokolo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mosapi mwa lokolo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orteo" title="Orteo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Orteo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1bujj" title="Lábujj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lábujj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari_kaki" title="Jari kaki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jari kaki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%83-c%C4%81i" title="Kă-cāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kă-cāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen" title="Teen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Teen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE)" title="औँला (खुट्टा) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="औँला (खुट्टा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%85%88" title="爪先 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="爪先" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5" title="Tå – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tå" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5" title="Tå – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tå" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2" title="ਪੈਰ ਦੀ ਉਂਗਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਰ ਦੀ ਉਂਗਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet-na-sali" title="Gamet-na-sali – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Gamet-na-sali" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohn" title="Tohn – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tohn" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palec_stopy" title="Palec stopy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palec stopy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artelho" title="Artelho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artelho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziin" title="Ziin – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Ziin" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deget_de_la_picior" title="Deget de la picior – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Deget de la picior" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Палец стопы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палец стопы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tae" title="Tae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toe" title="Toe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Toe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Прсти на ногама – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прсти на ногама" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varvas" title="Varvas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varvas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5" title="Tå – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tå" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daliri_sa_paa" title="Daliri sa paa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daliri sa paa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1turugbak_ntak" title="A̱turugbak ntak – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱turugbak ntak" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Палець ноги – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Палець ноги" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%87%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%89%D9%82%D9%89" title="پۇت بارمىقى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پۇت بارمىقى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B3n_ch%C3%A2n" title="Ngón chân – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngón chân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varvas" title="Varvas – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Varvas" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen" title="Teen – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Teen" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%9A%E8%B6%BE%E5%A4%B4" title="脚趾头 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="脚趾头" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8_(%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1)" title="פינגער (פוס) – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פינגער (פוס)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B3%E8%B6%BE" title="腳趾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腳趾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toes&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Toes">Toes</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Digit of a foot</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the body part. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Toe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Toe (disambiguation)">Toe (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Toes (disambiguation)">Toes (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Baby toe" redirects here. For plant, see <a href="/wiki/Fenestraria" title="Fenestraria">Fenestraria</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Toes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Toes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Toes.png/250px-Toes.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Toes.png/375px-Toes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Toes.png/500px-Toes.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Toes on the human left foot. The innermost toe (left in image), which is normally called the big toe, is the <i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hallux">hallux</a></i>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ospied-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ospied-en.svg/250px-Ospied-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ospied-en.svg/375px-Ospied-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ospied-en.svg/500px-Ospied-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="395" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bones of the foot (the <a href="/wiki/Phalanges_of_the_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalanges of the foot">toe bones</a> are the ones in green, blue and orange)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>digiti pedis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014034">D014034</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.046%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.046</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=170">170</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma25046">25046</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154425" class="extiw" title="d:Q154425">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Toes</b> are the <a href="/wiki/Digit_(anatomy)" title="Digit (anatomy)">digits</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">tetrapod</a>. <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a> species such as <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a> that walk on their toes are described as being <i><a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">digitigrade</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Humans</a>, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being <i><a href="/wiki/Plantigrade" title="Plantigrade">plantigrade</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Unguligrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Unguligrade">unguligrade</a></i> animals are those that walk on <a href="/wiki/Hoof" title="Hoof">hooves</a> at the tips of their toes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray269.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray269.png/250px-Gray269.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray269.png/330px-Gray269.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray269.png/500px-Gray269.png 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>Bones of the right <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plantar" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantar">Plantar</a> surface.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foot_on_white_background_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Foot_on_white_background_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Foot_on_white_background_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Foot_on_white_background_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Foot_on_white_background_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Foot_on_white_background_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Foot_on_white_background_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1717" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption>Human toes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metti_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Metti_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>A woman's toes decorated with <a href="/wiki/Nail_polish" title="Nail polish">nail polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">henna</a>, and wearing a <i>metti</i> (<a href="/wiki/Toe_ring" title="Toe ring">toe ring</a>) on the second toe, for her wedding</figcaption></figure> <p>There are normally five toes present on each human foot. Each toe consists of three <a href="/wiki/Phalanx_bone" title="Phalanx bone">phalanx bones</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal" title="Anatomical terms of location">proximal, middle, and distal</a>, with the exception of the big toe (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">hallux</i>). For a minority of people, the little toe also is missing a middle bone. The hallux only contains two phalanx bones, the proximal and distal. The joints between each phalanx are the <a href="/wiki/Interphalangeal_joints_of_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Interphalangeal joints of foot">interphalangeal joints</a>. The proximal phalanx bone of each toe articulates with the <a href="/wiki/Metatarsal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsal">metatarsal</a> bone of the foot at the <a href="/wiki/Metatarsophalangeal_joints" title="Metatarsophalangeal joints">metatarsophalangeal joint</a>. Each toe is surrounded by skin, and present on all five toes is a <a href="/wiki/Toenail" class="mw-redirect" title="Toenail">toenail</a>. </p><p>The toes are, from <a href="/wiki/Medial_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial (anatomy)">medial to lateral</a>: </p> <ul><li>the first toe, also known as the hallux ("big toe", "great toe", "thumb toe"), the innermost toe;</li> <li>the second toe, ("index toe", "pointer toe");</li> <li>the third toe, ("middle toe");</li> <li>the fourth toe, ("fore toe", "ring toe");</li> <li>the fifth toe, ("baby toe", "little toe", "pinky toe", "small toe"), the outermost toe.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muscles">Muscles</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foot#Muscles" title="Foot">Foot § Muscles</a></div> <p>Toe movement is generally <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_movement#Flexion_and_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomical terms of movement">flexion and extension</a> (movement toward the sole or the back of the foot, resp.) via muscular <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a> that attach to the toes on the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Anterior_and_superior" title="Anatomical terms of location">anterior and superior</a> surfaces of the phalanx bones.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 573">: 573 </span></sup> </p><p>With the exception of the hallux, toe movement is generally governed by action of the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_brevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor digitorum brevis">flexor digitorum brevis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_brevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensor digitorum brevis">extensor digitorum brevis</a> muscles. These attach to the sides of the bones,<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 572–75">: 572–75 </span></sup> making it impossible to move individual toes independently. <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot" title="Dorsal interossei of the foot">Muscles between the toes</a> on their top and bottom also help to abduct and adduct the toes.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 579">: 579 </span></sup> The hallux and little toe have unique muscles: </p> <ul><li>The hallux is primarily flexed by the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis longus muscle">flexor hallucis longus muscle</a>, located in the deep <a href="/wiki/Posterior_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior (anatomy)">posterior</a> of the lower leg, via the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor hallucis longus">flexor hallucis longus</a> <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendon</a>. Additional flexion control is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_brevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor hallucis brevis">flexor hallucis brevis</a>. It is extended by the <a href="/wiki/Abductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Abductor hallucis muscle">abductor hallucis muscle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Adductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Adductor hallucis muscle">adductor hallucis muscle</a>.</li> <li>The little toe has a separate set of control muscles and tendon attachments, the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_muscle_(foot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)">flexor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abductor_digiti_minimi_muscle_(foot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot)">abductor</a> digiti minimi. Numerous other <a href="/wiki/Category:Foot_muscles" title="Category:Foot muscles">foot muscles</a> contribute to fine motor control of the foot. The connective tendons between the minor toes account for the inability to actuate individual toes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_supply">Blood supply</h3></div> <p>The toes receive blood from the digital branches of the <a href="/wiki/Plantar_metatarsal_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantar metatarsal artery">plantar metatarsal arteries</a> and drain blood into the <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_venous_arch" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal venous arch">dorsal venous arch</a> of the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 580–81">: 580–81 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nerve_supply">Nerve supply</h3></div> <p>Sensation to the skin of the toes is provided by five nerves. The <a href="/wiki/Superficial_fibular_nerve" title="Superficial fibular nerve">superficial fibular nerve</a> supplies sensation to the top of the toes, except between the hallux and second toe, which is supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Deep_fibular_nerve" title="Deep fibular nerve">deep fibular nerve</a>, and the outer surface of the fifth toe, supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Sural_nerve" title="Sural nerve">sural nerve</a>. Sensation to the bottom of the toes is supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Medial_plantar_nerve" title="Medial plantar nerve">medial plantar nerve</a>, which supplies sensation to the great toe and inner three-and-a-half toes, and the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_plantar_nerve" title="Lateral plantar nerve">lateral plantar nerve</a>, which supplies sensation to the little toe and half of the sensation of the fourth toe. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a>, the hallux is usually longer than the second toe, but in some individuals, it may not be the longest toe. There is an <a href="/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">inherited</a> trait in humans, where the <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)" title="Dominance (genetics)">dominant</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> causes a longer second toe ("<a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_toe" title="Morton's toe">Morton's toe</a>" or "Greek foot") while the <a href="/wiki/Zygosity" title="Zygosity">homozygous</a> recessive <a href="/wiki/Genotype" title="Genotype">genotype</a> presents with the more common trait: a longer hallux.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People with the rare genetic disease <a href="/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva" title="Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva">fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva</a> characteristically have a short hallux which appears to turn inward, or medially, in relation to the foot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variation">Variation</h3></div> <p>Humans usually have five toes on each foot. When more than five toes are present, this is known as <a href="/wiki/Polydactyly" title="Polydactyly">polydactyly</a>. Other variants may include <a href="/wiki/Syndactyly" title="Syndactyly">syndactyly</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arachnodactyly" title="Arachnodactyly">arachnodactyly</a>. Forefoot shape, including toe shape, exhibits significant variation among people; these differences can be measured and have been statistically correlated with <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such deviations may affect comfort and fit for various shoe types. Research conducted for the U.S. Army indicated that larger feet may still have smaller arches, toe length, and toe-breadth.<sup id="cite_ref-freedman_army_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedman_army-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2></div> <p>The human foot consists of multiple bones and soft tissues which support the weight of the upright human. Specifically, the toes assist the human while <a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">walking</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-toe_walking_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toe_walking-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> providing balance, weight-bearing, and thrust during <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="stubbed_toe"></span>A sprain or strain to the small <a href="/wiki/Interphalangeal_articulations_of_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Interphalangeal articulations of foot">interphalangeal joints</a> of the toe is commonly called a <b>stubbed toe</b>. A sprain or strain where the toe joins to the foot is called <a href="/wiki/Turf_toe" class="mw-redirect" title="Turf toe">turf toe</a>. </p><p>Long-term use of improperly sized shoes can cause misalignment of toes, as well as other orthopedic problems. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_neuroma" title="Morton's neuroma">Morton's neuroma</a> commonly results in pain and numbness between the third and fourth toes of the sufferer, due to it affecting the nerve between the third and fourth metatarsal bones.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The big toe is also the most common locus of <a href="/wiki/Ingrown_nail" title="Ingrown nail">ingrown nails</a>, and its proximal phalanx joint is the most common locus for <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a> attacks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deformity">Deformity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hammer_toe" title="Hammer toe">Hammer toe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bunion" title="Bunion">Bunion</a></div> <p>Deformities of the foot include <a href="/wiki/Hammer_toe" title="Hammer toe">hammer toe</a>, trigger toe, and claw toe. Hammer toe can be described as an abnormal contraction or “buckling” of a toe. This is done by a partial or complete dislocation of one of the joints, which form the toes. Since the toes are deformed further, these may press against a shoe and cause pain. Deformities of the foot can also be caused by <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a>. Deformities may predispose to <a href="/wiki/Ulcer" title="Ulcer">ulcers</a> and pain, especially when shoe-wearing. </p><p>A common problem involving the big toe is the formation of <a href="/wiki/Bunion" title="Bunion">bunions</a>. These are structural deformities of the bones and the <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joint</a> between the foot and big toe, and may be painful.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar deformity involving the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_toe" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth toe">fifth toe</a> is described as <a href="/wiki/Tailor%27s_bunion" title="Tailor's bunion">tailor's bunion</a> or bunionette. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-ray_of_feet_in_polydactyly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/X-ray_of_feet_in_polydactyly.jpg/220px-X-ray_of_feet_in_polydactyly.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/X-ray_of_feet_in_polydactyly.jpg/330px-X-ray_of_feet_in_polydactyly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/X-ray_of_feet_in_polydactyly.jpg/440px-X-ray_of_feet_in_polydactyly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>Right-sided duplication of the right little toe in an 8.5 months old male, with two toes (fifth and sixth) apparently forming joints with the fifth metatarsal bone, which is mildly broadened distally. The duplicated toes have almost normal growth. The fifth toe has mild <a href="/wiki/Varus_deformity" title="Varus deformity">varus angulation</a>, and the sixth toe has substantial <a href="/wiki/Valgus_deformity" title="Valgus deformity">valgus angulation</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Polydactyly" title="Polydactyly">polydactyly</a> (which can also affect the <a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">fingers</a>) one or more extra toes are present. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_reconstruction">In reconstruction</h3></div> <p>A favourable option for the reconstruction of missing adjacent <a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">fingers</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/multiple digit amputations, i.e. such as a metacarpal hand reconstruction, is to have a combined second and third toe transplantation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Third and fourth toe transplantation to the hand in replacing lost fingers is also a viable option.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tā"><span id="T.C4.81"></span><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language romanization"><i lang="ang-Latn">Tā</i></span></h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> term for <i>toe</i> is <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language romanization"><i lang="ang-Latn">tā</i></span> (plural <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language romanization"><i lang="ang-Latn">tān</i></span>). This is a contraction of <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language romanization"><i lang="ang-Latn">tāhe</i></span>, and derives from Proto-Germanic <span title="Proto-Germanic-language text">*<i lang="gem">taihwǭ</i></span> (cognates: Old Norse <span title="Old Norse-language romanization"><i lang="non-Latn">tá</i></span>, Old Frisian <span title="Old Frisian-language romanization"><i lang="ofs-Latn">tāne</i></span>, Middle Dutch <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">tee</i></span>, Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">teen</i></span> (perhaps originally a plural), Old High German <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">zēha</i></span>, German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zehe</i></span>), perhaps originally meaning 'fingers' as well (many <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European language">Indo-European languages</a> use one word to mean both 'fingers' and 'toes', e.g. <i>digit</i>), and thus from PIE root <span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text">*<i lang="ine">deyḱ-</i></span> — 'to show'.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hallux"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Hallux</i></span></h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PaluchUStopy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/PaluchUStopy.jpg/220px-PaluchUStopy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/PaluchUStopy.jpg/330px-PaluchUStopy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/PaluchUStopy.jpg/440px-PaluchUStopy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The big toe of a human</figcaption></figure> <p>In classical Latin, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">hallex</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1908_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1908-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">allex</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_&_Short_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_&_Short-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">hallus</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">allus</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with genitive <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">(h)allicis</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">(h)alli</i></span>, are used to refer to the big toe. The form <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">hallux</i></span> (genitive, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">hallucis</i></span>) currently in use is however a <a href="/wiki/Blend_word" title="Blend word">blend word</a> of the aforementioned forms.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1910b_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1910b-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compare <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pollex" class="extiw" title="wikt:pollex"><i>pollex</i></a>, the equivalent term for the <a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">thumb</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution">Evolution</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a> traces the standard <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a> five-toed schema from <a href="/wiki/Fish_fin" title="Fish fin">fish fins</a> via <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibian</a> ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakicetidae_-_Pakicetus_attocki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pakicetidae_-_Pakicetus_attocki.JPG/250px-Pakicetidae_-_Pakicetus_attocki.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pakicetidae_-_Pakicetus_attocki.JPG/330px-Pakicetidae_-_Pakicetus_attocki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pakicetidae_-_Pakicetus_attocki.JPG/500px-Pakicetidae_-_Pakicetus_attocki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2846" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption>The skeleton of <i><a href="/wiki/Pakicetus" title="Pakicetus">Pakicetus</a></i>, an extinct digitigrade mammal.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> with <a href="/wiki/Anisodactyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisodactyl">anisodactyl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Heterodactyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterodactyl">heterodactyl</a> feet, the hallux is opposed or directed backwards and allows for grasping and perching. </p><p>While the thumb is often mentioned<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (August 2019)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> as one of the signature characteristics in humans, this manual digit remains partially primitive and is actually present in all <a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">primates</a>. In humans, the most <a href="/wiki/Synapomorphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapomorphy">derived</a> digital feature is the hallux.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Toes">Toes</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainhum" title="Ainhum">Ainhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_toe" title="Morton's toe">Morton's toe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Nail (anatomy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyly" title="Polydactyly">Polydactyly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syndactyly" title="Syndactyly">syndactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subungual_hematoma" title="Subungual hematoma">Runner's toe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_cleavage" title="Toe cleavage">Toe cleavage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_tag" title="Toe tag">Toe tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toecuffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Toecuffs">Toecuffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webbed_toes" title="Webbed toes">Webbed toes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDrakeVogl,_WayneTibbitts,_Adam_W.M._Mitchellillustrations_by_Richard2005" class="citation book cs1">Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). <i>Gray's anatomy for students</i>. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 557. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0"><bdi>978-0-8089-2306-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+for+students&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=557&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FChurchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft.au=Vogl%2C+Wayne&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Adam+W.M.+Mitchell&rft.au=illustrations+by+Richard&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man</a> (OMIM): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/189200">Toes – relative lengths of first and second - 189200</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHawesSovak,_DMiyashita,_MKang,_SJ1994" class="citation journal cs1">Hawes, MR; Sovak, D; Miyashita, M; Kang, SJ; Yoshihuku, Y; Tanaka, S (Jan 1994). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gung+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Basic+Principles+on+Toe-to-Hand+Transplantation&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E568-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12479617&rft.aulast=Lutz&rft.aufirst=Barbara+S.&rft.au=Wei%2C+Fu-Chan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemo.cgu.edu.tw%2Fcgmj%2F2509%2F250901.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etymonline.com">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=toe&searchmode=none">Toe</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.pages=Toe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetymonline.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hyrtl1880-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hyrtl, J. 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Library of Alexandria (published 1923). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781465548931" title="Special:BookSources/9781465548931"><bdi>9781465548931</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2019</span>. <q>The thorough investigations of Gegenbaur have shown that the fish's fins [...] are many-toed feet. The various cartilaginous or bony radii that are found in large numbers in each fin correspond to the fingers of toes of the higher Vertebrates. The several joints of each fin-radius correspond to the various parts of the toe. Even in the Dipneusta the fin is of the same construction as in the fishes; it was afterwards gradually evolved into the five-toed form, which we first encounter in the Amphibia. 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">Torso</a> (Trunk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waist" title="Waist">Waist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">Midriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">Navel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">Nipple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Genitalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human 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