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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_modern_and_colonial-era_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_and_colonial-era_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early modern and colonial-era context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_and_colonial-era_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changing_relationship_with_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changing_relationship_with_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Changing relationship with Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changing_relationship_with_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_regulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_regulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Post-independence regulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_regulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expanded_citizenship_access_for_Maltese_diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expanded_citizenship_access_for_Maltese_diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Expanded citizenship access for Maltese diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expanded_citizenship_access_for_Maltese_diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>European integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship_by_investment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship_by_investment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Citizenship by investment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship_by_investment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Acquisition and loss of citizenship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Acquisition and loss of citizenship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entitlement_by_birth,_descent,_or_adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entitlement_by_birth,_descent,_or_adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Entitlement by birth, descent, or adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entitlement_by_birth,_descent,_or_adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voluntary_acquisition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_acquisition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Voluntary acquisition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_acquisition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relinquishment_and_deprivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relinquishment_and_deprivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Relinquishment and deprivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relinquishment_and_deprivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">Maltese Citizenship Act<br /><span title="Maltese-language text"><i lang="mt">Att dwar iċ-Ċittadinanza Maltija</i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/255px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/340px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Parliament of Malta</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">Long title</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">To provide for the acquisition, deprivation and renunciation of citizenship of Malta and for purposes incidental to or connected with the matters aforesaid. </div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/188/eng/pdf">No. 30 of 1965</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territorial extent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Parliament of Malta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted</th><td class="infobox-data">1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commenced</th><td class="infobox-data">21 September 1964</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#FFFFCC;"><b>Status:</b> Amended</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maltese nationality law</b> details the conditions by which a person is a <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">national</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. The primary law governing nationality regulations is the Maltese Citizenship Act (Maltese: <i lang="mt">Att dwar iċ-Ċittadinanza Maltija</i>), which <a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">came into force</a> on 21 September 1964. Malta is a <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member state of the European Union</a> (EU) and all Maltese nationals are <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">EU citizens</a>. They have <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Rights_Directive" title="Citizens' Rights Directive">automatic and permanent permission to live and work</a> in any EU or <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a> (EFTA) country and may vote in <a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">elections to the European Parliament</a>. </p><p>All persons born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 1 August 1989 automatically received citizenship at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Individuals born in the country since that date receive Maltese citizenship at birth if at least one of their parents is a Maltese citizen or was born in Malta. Foreign nationals may become Maltese citizens by naturalisation after meeting a minimum residence requirement (usually five years). Individuals who make a substantial financial investment in the state are eligible for a facilitated naturalisation with a shortened residence period. </p><p>Malta was previously a <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">colony of the British Empire</a> and local residents were <a href="/wiki/British_subjects" class="mw-redirect" title="British subjects">British subjects</a>. Although Malta gained independence in 1964 and Maltese citizens no longer hold British nationality, they continue to have favoured status when residing in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>; as <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a>, they are eligible to vote in UK elections and serve in public office there. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The distinction between the meaning of the terms <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a> is not always clear in the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers to a person's legal belonging to a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> and is the common term used in international treaties when addressing members of a country, while citizenship usually means the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation. This distinction is clearly defined in non-English speaking countries but not in the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKondo20012–3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKondo20012–3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Maltese legislation, the term "citizenship" (<span title="Maltese-language text"><i lang="mt">ċittadin</i></span>) is used to refer to state membership. "Nationality" (<span title="Maltese-language text"><i lang="mt">nazzjonalità</i></span>) is used in other laws but only generically refers to a person's origin rather than a specific status. While no definitive definition exists for either term in Maltese law, "citizenship" would be the technical term used in domestic legislation to refer to members of the national constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_and_colonial-era_context">Early modern and colonial-era context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early modern and colonial-era context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Hospitaller Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Crown Colony of Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subject</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_British_nationality_law" title="History of British nationality law">History of British nationality law</a></div> <p>In 1530, <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> granted the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malta" title="Geography of Malta">archipelago of Malta</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fiefdom</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> after their <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1522)">loss of Rhodes</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. While local residents deeply resented being traded away without consultation, the Order of Saint John maintained its rule over the islands for the next 268 years until the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">French invasion of Malta</a> in 1798. After the local population revolted and expelled the French,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastillo1993434–439_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastillo1993434–439-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malta came under British control as a <a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">protectorate</a> in 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassar201359_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassar201359-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1802 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> restored Malta to the Order but the organisation had been thrown into disarray following its 1798 defeat, which made enforcing this provision impossible. Regardless of the treaty, local residents vehemently opposed restoring the Knights to power and opted for continued British rule. Britain itself decided against leaving Malta after considering its strategic military value in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> following resumption of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. The 1814 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Treaty of Paris</a> formally granted Britain full sovereignty over the territory,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastillo1993434,_452–453_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastillo1993434,_452–453-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which became a <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">crown colony</a> in that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassar201359_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassar201359-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British nationality law</a> applied to the colony,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as was the case elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Maltese and all other imperial citizens were <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subjects</a>; any person born in Malta, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, or anywhere else within <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">Crown</a> dominions was a natural-born British subject.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341–42_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341–42-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British subject status was standardised as a common nationality across the Empire and its <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527–528_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527–528-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Malta was granted <a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">self-governance</a> in 1921, nationality and naturalisation remained <a href="/wiki/Devolved,_reserved_and_excepted_matters" title="Devolved, reserved and excepted matters">reserved matters</a> under the jurisdiction of the imperial government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColombos192594_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColombos192594-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Imperial nationality law was comprehensively reformed in 1948. The <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1948" title="British Nationality Act 1948">British Nationality Act 1948</a> redefined British subject to mean any citizen of the United Kingdom, its colonies, or other Commonwealth countries. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a> was first defined in this Act to have the same meaning. While previously all subjects of the Empire held a common status through allegiance to the Crown, each Commonwealth country under the reformed system became responsible for legislating their own nationality laws and would maintain a common status by voluntarily agreement among all the member states. British subjects under the previous meaning who held that status on 1 January 1949 because of a connection with the United Kingdom or a remaining colony (including Malta) became Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194869–70_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194869–70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani2003116–118_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani2003116–118-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changing_relationship_with_Britain">Changing relationship with Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Changing relationship with Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All British subjects/Commonwealth citizens under the reformed system initially held an automatic right to settle in the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKay2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKay2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan2001862_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan2001862-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-white immigration into the UK was systemically discouraged, but strong economic conditions in Britain following the Second World War attracted an unprecedented wave of colonial migration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen199990,_94–95_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen199990,_94–95-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the British Parliament imposed immigration controls on any subjects originating from outside the <a href="/wiki/British_Islands" title="British Islands">British Islands</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1962" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962">Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ireland had continued to allow all British subjects free movement despite independence in 1922 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a> arrangement, but moved to mirror Britain's restriction in 1962 by limiting this ability only to people born on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> or Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1998515–516_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1998515–516-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan2001862_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan2001862-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain somewhat relaxed these measures in 1971 for patrials, subjects whose parents or grandparents were born in the United Kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which gave effective preferential treatment to white Commonwealth citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul1997181_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul1997181-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malta's financial situation following the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> was untenable, even coming close to bankruptcy in 1951. The dire circumstances stirred substantial debate over the colony's future. Although a plurality of voters chose a closer union with Britain in a <a href="/wiki/1956_Maltese_United_Kingdom_integration_referendum" title="1956 Maltese United Kingdom integration referendum">1956 referendum</a>, disagreements between the British and Maltese governments over the UK's financial contributions to the territory after integration ultimately led to a collapse of negotiations. Following an announcement of defence restructuring in the <a href="/wiki/1957_Defence_White_Paper" title="1957 Defence White Paper">1957 Defence White Paper</a> that signaled a deprioritisation of further British military investment in Malta, Maltese government ministers shifted their efforts from pursuing integration to demanding independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200834–35,_38–40_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200834–35,_38–40-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malta became independent on 21 September 1964 and the citizenship provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">Constitution of Malta</a> came into force on the same day. Any CUKC born in Malta automatically acquired Maltese citizenship on that date if at least one parent was also born in the country, as well as any person born overseas if their father and a paternal grandparent were born in Malta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_regulations">Post-independence regulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-independence regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">State of Malta</a></div> <p>Individuals born in Malta after independence automatically received citizenship at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Citizenship was transferrable by descent to one generation of children born overseas to Maltese fathers or unmarried Maltese mothers. Foreign women married to Maltese men could acquire citizenship by registration with no further requirements. Under the Maltese Citizenship Act enacted in 1965, Commonwealth citizens were also eligible to become citizens by registration after residing in Malta for five years while all other foreign citizens could naturalise after six years of residence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20153_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20153-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Dual/multiple citizenship</a> was constitutionally prohibited and any adult citizen who held other nationalities was required to renounce them by 21 September 1967. Maltese children with multiple nationalities were required to choose between their Maltese and foreign statuses within one year after reaching age 18. Any adult citizen who naturalised as a foreign citizen automatically lost their Maltese citizenship, and foreigners who acquired Maltese citizenship were required to renounce their foreign nationalities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children adopted by Maltese citizens automatically acquired citizenship on the date of their adoption until this provision was removed on 1 January 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20155_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20155-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Preferences afforded to Commonwealth citizens were abolished in 1989; the residence requirement for naturalisation was reduced to five years and Commonwealth citizens have since been treated the same as other foreign citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20155_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20155-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commonwealth and Irish citizens remain technically defined in Maltese law as non-foreign, but there are no benefits provided to either group.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK itself updated its nationality law to reflect the more modest boundaries of its remaining territory and possessions with the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which redefined British subject to no longer also mean Commonwealth citizen. Maltese citizens remain Commonwealth citizens in British law<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011640_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011640-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continue to be eligible to vote and stand for public office in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expanded_citizenship_access_for_Maltese_diaspora">Expanded citizenship access for Maltese diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Expanded citizenship access for Maltese diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a general trend of change in citizenship law globally, reforms in 1989 shifted the basis for acquiring Maltese citizenship from a doctrine of birthright to that of descent. Unrestricted <a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">birthright citizenship</a> was ended in that year and children born in the country since 1 August 1989 are only granted citizenship by birth if at least one parent is a citizen or was also born in Malta. Gender imbalances were removed from legislation as well; citizenship became transferrable by descent to children through mothers as well as fathers and foreign husbands of Maltese women became eligible for citizenship by registration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20153–5_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20153–5-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maltese-born persons became permitted to hold dual citizenship in limited circumstances. Although Maltese citizens who naturalised as foreign citizens continued to automatically lose their Maltese citizenship, former citizens who were born in Malta and who had been resident in the country of their new citizenship for at least six years could reacquire Maltese citizenship and be considered to have never lost that status. Consequently, children born before 1989 to a formerly Maltese father who subsequently reacquired Maltese citizenship under this provision also became Maltese citizens, backdated to the dates of their birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20154_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20154-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All restrictions on holding multiple citizenships were lifted in 2000; Maltese citizens no longer lose their citizenship when acquiring foreign nationalities, and naturalisation applicants are no longer required to renounce their previous citizenships. Maltese emigrants who fulfilled the previous six-year residence period in a foreign country automatically regained their Maltese citizenship and were considered to have never lost that status under this amendment, while those did not meet this condition could only regain citizenship by registration. Non-citizen spouses of Maltese citizens became subject in that year to a five-year waiting period before they were eligible to register as citizens, due to concerns over the frequency of <a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_convenience" title="Marriage of convenience">marriages of convenience</a>. Children born overseas to Maltese mothers between 21 September 1964 and 1 August 1989 also gained eligibility to register as citizens with no requirement to reside in Malta. Abandoned children found in Malta could not acquire Maltese citizenship after the 1989 amendment due to the requirement for a Maltese parent; the 2000 changes addressed this oversight by granting such individuals citizenship until their eligibility to another citizenship could be established.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20156–7_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20156–7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further reforms in 2007 extended eligibility for citizenship by descent to children born overseas to Maltese citizens who were not born in the country. Individuals with a Maltese-born lineal ascendant who died before 1 August 2007 and who themself had a parent born in Malta may acquire citizenship by registration. Maltese citizenship can be continually transmitted through each generation born abroad provided that each subsequent generation is registered for citizenship. Individuals who were unable to claim citizenship before their qualifying parent's death are exceptionally eligible to register if their parent's death was before 1 August 2010. Under the citizenship provisions of the Constitution at time of independence, a CUKC born abroad became a Maltese citizen only if their father and a paternal grandparent were born in Malta. The 2007 amendment extended citizenship to former CUKCs born overseas with a Maltese-born mother and maternal grandparent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20158_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20158-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_integration">European integration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: European integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">European Union citizenship</a></div> <p>Malta joined the European Union as part of the EU's <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004 enlargement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20157_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20157-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maltese citizens have since been able to live and work in other EU/EFTA countries<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobler2020482_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobler2020482-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers_in_the_European_Union" title="Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union">freedom of movement for workers</a> established by the 1957 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECuyvers2017354_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECuyvers2017354-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and participated in their first <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2004 European Parliament election in Malta">European Parliament elections in 2004</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPace2005121_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPace2005121-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the UK's <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">withdrawal from the EU</a> in 2020, Maltese citizens held a particularly favoured status there. While non-EU Commonwealth citizens continued to need a residence visa to live in the UK, Maltese citizens were able to settle there and immediately hold full rights to political participation due to their status as both Commonwealth and EU citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011649–650_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011649–650-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maltese citizens (along with Irish and Cypriot citizens) domiciled in the UK were able to vote in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum</a> while all other non-British EU citizens were not.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizenship_by_investment">Citizenship by investment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citizenship by investment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Immigrant_investor_programs" title="Immigrant investor programs">Immigrant investor programs</a></div> <p>Amendments to the Maltese Citizenship Act in 2013 provided the legal basis for the creation of the Individual Investor Programme, through which foreign citizens could make a substantial capital investment in return for Maltese citizenship for themselves and their dependents. The original proposal for this plan required a base €650,000 donation to the state, an additional €25,000 for spouses and each minor child, and a further €50,000 for each dependent parent over 55 and unmarried child between 18 and 25.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrera2014409_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrera2014409-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to domestic criticism, the government amended the programme to require an additional €150,000 investment in bonds, stocks, or other approved financial assets held for at least five years. Applicants were also required to make a real estate purchase valued at least €350,000 or lease a residence with a minimum annual rent of €16,000. The total number of successful primary applicants would be limited to 1,800 people and the names of every person acquiring citizenship under the programme would be published. 70 per cent of the donated funds would be allotted to a National Development and Social Fund that would only be used for public works and services development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrera2014410_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrera2014410-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further criticism by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> led the government to add a 12-month residence requirement before applicants could be naturalised.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrera2014413_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrera2014413-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This naturalisation pathway is not directly run by a Maltese government ministry and is instead operated by <a href="/wiki/Henley_%26_Partners" title="Henley & Partners">Henley & Partners</a>, a consultancy firm that assists private clients with immigration and citizenship law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrera2014410_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrera2014410-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2014 to 2020, the firm earned €36.8 million in commissions for operating this programme.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European Commission has repeatedly condemned this citizenship pathway for its high risks in aiding money laundering, tax evasion, and corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite requests to cease approving naturalisations by investment, the Maltese government renewed the scheme in 2020 with raised capital requirements after the original programme reached close to its 1,800-person limit.<sup id="cite_ref-ECpress_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECpress-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applicants making a €600,000 donation are subject to a 36-month residence requirement while those contributing €750,000 continue to be subject to a 12-month period. All qualifying dependents require a further €50,000 donation per person regardless of age. Property purchases are required to be valued at least €700,000 and an additional contribution of €10,000 must be donated to a registered charitable organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, applications for investors from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> have been indefinitely suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-ECpress_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECpress-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship">Acquisition and loss of citizenship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Acquisition and loss of citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entitlement_by_birth,_descent,_or_adoption"><span id="Entitlement_by_birth.2C_descent.2C_or_adoption"></span>Entitlement by birth, descent, or adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Entitlement by birth, descent, or adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All persons born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 1 August 1989 automatically received citizenship at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Individuals born in the country since then receive Maltese citizenship at birth if at least one parent is a citizen or was born in Malta. Children born overseas are Maltese citizens by descent if either parent is themself a Maltese citizen. Adopted children under the age of 10 are automatically granted citizenship at the time of adoption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201512–13_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201512–13-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Child_abandonment" title="Child abandonment">Abandoned children</a> found in the country are presumed to have been born in Malta and are considered Maltese citizens by birth. <a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Stateless</a> persons who were born in Malta and have never held another citizenship are entitled to naturalisation after living in Malta for five years, while those born abroad but have at least one Maltese parent may naturalise after three years residence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201512,_16_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201512,_16-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voluntary_acquisition">Voluntary acquisition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Voluntary acquisition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foreigners may naturalise as Maltese citizens after residing in the country for at least four of the previous seven years. Applicants must demonstrate proficiency in <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> or English and fulfil a good character requirement. While not an official requirement in legislation, immigration officials typically only naturalise persons with Maltese ancestry or those who have been resident in the country for a substantial period and have had children born in Malta. Individuals domiciled in the country with a grandfather and great-grandfather who were born in Malta may naturalise with no minimum residence period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201515_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201515-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign investors qualify for an expedited naturalisation process after making substantial capital investments in the country, subject to the requirements of the Individual Investor Programme.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201517–21_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201517–21-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Non-citizens who are married to Maltese citizens may acquire citizenship by registration after five years of marriage and cohabitation. If a non-citizen spouse is widowed before they can be registered as citizens, citizenship can still be acquired after what would have been the fifth year of marriage, provided that the couple was living together at the time of the Maltese spouse's death. The residence requirement may be waived if either spouse performs an exceptional act of service for the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20158_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20158-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former citizens who lost Maltese citizenship before 2000 due emigration or because of previous restrictions on holding multiple citizenships and were not eligible for automatic reacquisition may regain citizenship by registration. Individuals born abroad before 1 August 1989 to a Maltese mother may also become citizens by registration with no additional requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201513–14_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201513–14-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the number of people acquiring citizenship by naturalisation and registration were both consistently low during the 1990s, averaging above 100 per year, the change in dual citizenship policy in 2000 led to a sharp increase in registrations. 1,062 people registered for Maltese citizenship in 2001. Though this dropped somewhat lower in the 2000s, the extension of citizenship eligibility to more generations of Maltese born abroad contributed to a further increase in registrations. In the early 2010s, just under 1,000 people per year acquired citizenship by registration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201522–24_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201522–24-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relinquishment_and_deprivation">Relinquishment and deprivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relinquishment and deprivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maltese citizenship can be relinquished by making a declaration of renunciation, provided that the declarant already possesses another citizenship. Renunciations cannot be made during wartime and are subject to final approval by the Minister of Home Affairs. Citizenship may be involuntarily removed from naturalised or registered persons who: fraudulently acquired the status, committed an act of disloyalty against the state, aided an enemy nation with which Malta is at war, have been sentenced to incarceration for longer than 12 months within seven years of acquiring citizenship, or permanently reside overseas (other than those employed in the civil service or supranational organisation that Malta is a member state of) for a continuous period of seven years without registering their intention to retain Maltese citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201521–22_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201521–22-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Maltese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Maltese citizens">Visa requirements for Maltese citizens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKondo20012–3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKondo20012–3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKondo2001">Kondo 2001</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono20152_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtigiegDeBono2015">Buttigieg & DeBono 2015</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastillo1993434–439-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastillo1993434–439_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastillo1993">Castillo 1993</a>, pp. 434–439.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECassar201359-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassar201359_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassar201359_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassar2013">Cassar 2013</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastillo1993434,_452–453-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastillo1993434,_452–453_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastillo1993">Castillo 1993</a>, pp. 434, 452–453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341–42-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Golden+passport%27+schemes%3A+Commission+proceeds+with+infringement+case+against+MALTA&rft.place=Brussels&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcommission%2Fpresscorner%2Fdetail%2Fen%2FIP_22_2068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaltese+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pwc.com/mt/en/assets/Citizenship-Brochure.pdf">"The Maltese Citizenship by Naturalization for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815031520/https://www.pwc.com/mt/en/assets/Citizenship-Brochure.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Maltese+Citizenship+by+Naturalization+for+Exceptional+Services+by+Direct+Investment&rft.pub=PricewaterhouseCoopers&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pwc.com%2Fmt%2Fen%2Fassets%2FCitizenship-Brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaltese+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201512–13-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201512–13_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtigiegDeBono2015">Buttigieg & DeBono 2015</a>, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201512,_16-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201512,_16_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtigiegDeBono2015">Buttigieg & DeBono 2015</a>, pp. 12, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201515-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201515_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtigiegDeBono2015">Buttigieg & DeBono 2015</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201517–21-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201517–21_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtigiegDeBono2015">Buttigieg & DeBono 2015</a>, pp. 17–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201513–14-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201513–14_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtigiegDeBono2015">Buttigieg & DeBono 2015</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201522–24-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201522–24_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtigiegDeBono2015">Buttigieg & DeBono 2015</a>, pp. 22–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201521–22-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtigiegDeBono201521–22_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtigiegDeBono2015">Buttigieg & DeBono 2015</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin2001" class="citation journal cs1">Baldwin, M. 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"Partition, within, Partition: The Irish Example". <i>International Journal</i>. <b>53</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE Publishing</a>: <span class="nowrap">505–</span>521. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F40203326">10.2307/40203326</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40203326">40203326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal&rft.atitle=Partition%2C+within%2C+Partition%3A+The+Irish+Example&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E505-%3C%2Fspan%3E521&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F40203326&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40203326%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaltese+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2008" class="citation journal cs1">McKay, James (2008). "The Passage of the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act, a Case-Study of Backbench Power". <i>Observatoire de la Société Britannique</i> (6). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toulon" title="University of Toulon">University of Toulon</a>: <span class="nowrap">89–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fosb.433">10.4000/osb.433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Observatoire+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Britannique&rft.atitle=The+Passage+of+the+1962+Commonwealth+Immigrants+Act%2C+a+Case-Study+of+Backbench+Power&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fosb.433&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaltese+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPace2005" class="citation journal cs1">Pace, Roderick (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/23355">"South European Integration Watch: The Maltese Electorate Turns a New Leaf? The First European Parliament Election in Malta"</a>. <i>South European Society and Politics</i>. <b>10</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: <span class="nowrap">121–</span>136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13608740500038005">10.1080/13608740500038005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153791424">153791424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+European+Society+and+Politics&rft.atitle=South+European+Integration+Watch%3A+The+Maltese+Electorate+Turns+a+New+Leaf%3F+The+First+European+Parliament+Election+in+Malta&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E136&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13608740500038005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153791424%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pace&rft.aufirst=Roderick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.edu.mt%2Flibrary%2Foar%2F%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F23355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaltese+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Kathleen (1997). <i>Whitewashing Britain: Race and Citizenship in the Postwar Era</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8440-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8440-7"><bdi>978-0-8014-8440-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whitewashing+Britain%3A+Race+and+Citizenship+in+the+Postwar+Era&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-8440-7&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaltese+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRyan2001" class="citation journal cs1">Ryan, Bernard (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kar.kent.ac.uk/234/1/Common_Travel_area.pdf">"The Common Travel Area between Britain and Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Modern Law Review</i>. <b>64</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>: <span class="nowrap">855–</span>874. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-2230.00356">10.1111/1468-2230.00356</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1097196">1097196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Common+Travel+Area+between+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E855-%3C%2Fspan%3E874&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-2230.00356&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1097196%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkar.kent.ac.uk%2F234%2F1%2FCommon_Travel_area.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaltese+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Simon C. 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class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltese_nationality_law&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://komunita.gov.mt/en/">Community Malta Agency</a>, government agency responsible for citizenship</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template talk:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_citizenship118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizenship</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_diaspora" title="Commonwealth diaspora">Commonwealth diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua & Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_nationality_law" title="Maldivian nationality law">Maldives</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rights, issues, and visas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_Hong_Kong" title="British nationality law and Hong Kong">British nationality law and Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland">British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Irish nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_permanent_resident" title="Australian permanent resident">Permanent resident (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_resident_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent resident (Canada)">Permanent resident (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Ancestry_Entry_Clearance" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Ancestry Entry Clearance">UK Ancestry Entry Clearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of abode (United Kingdom)">UK right of abode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windrush_scandal" title="Windrush scandal">Windrush scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Acts of Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_(Falkland_Islands)_Act_1983" title="British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983">British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Citizenship Act 1946">Canadian Citizenship Act 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_Act_1949" title="Ireland Act 1949">Ireland Act 1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nationality_laws321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationality_laws" title="Template talk:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationality_laws321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationality_law" title="Algerian nationality law">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_nationality_law" title="Angolan nationality law">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_nationality_law" title="Beninese nationality law">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_nationality_law" title="Burkinabe nationality law">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_nationality_law" title="Burundian nationality law">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_nationality_law" title="Cape Verdean nationality law">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_nationality_law" title="Central African nationality law">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_nationality_law" title="Chadian nationality law">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_nationality_law" title="Comorian nationality law">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Congolese nationality law">Congo Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_nationality_law" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo nationality law">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_nationality_law" title="Djiboutian nationality law">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationality_law" title="Egyptian nationality law">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_nationality_law" title="Equatoguinean nationality law">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationality_law" title="Eritrean nationality law">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationality_law" title="Ethiopian nationality law">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_nationality_law" title="Guinean nationality law">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_nationality_law" title="Bissau-Guinean nationality law">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_nationality_law" title="Ivorian nationality law">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_nationality_law" title="Liberian nationality law">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationality_law" title="Libyan nationality law">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_nationality_law" title="Malagasy nationality law">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_nationality_law" title="Malian nationality law">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_nationality_law" title="Mauritanian nationality law">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_nationality_law" title="Moroccan nationality law">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_nationality_law" title="Nigerien nationality law">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9an_nationality_law" title="São Toméan nationality law">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_nationality_law" title="Senegalese nationality law">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationality_law" title="Somali nationality law">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Somaliland citizenship and nationality">Somaliland</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_nationality_law" title="South Sudanese nationality law">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nationality_law" title="Sudanese nationality law">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationality_law" title="Tunisian nationality law">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi citizenship and nationality">Western Sahara</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_nationality_law" title="Costa Rican nationality law">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_nationality_law" title="Cuban nationality law">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_nationality_law" title="Dominican Republic nationality law">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_nationality_law" title="Salvadoran nationality law">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Greenland <small>(Kingdom of Denmark)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_nationality_law" title="Guatemalan nationality law">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship" title="History of Haitian nationality and citizenship">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_nationality_law" title="Honduran nationality law">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_nationality_law" title="Mexican nationality law">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_nationality_law" title="Nicaraguan nationality law">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_nationality_law" title="Panamanian nationality law">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Puerto Rican citizenship and nationality">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islander_citizenship_and_nationality" title="United States Virgin Islander citizenship and nationality">US Virgin Islands</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationality_law" title="Argentine nationality law">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_nationality_law" title="Bolivian nationality law">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationality_law" title="Brazilian nationality law">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_nationality_law" title="Chilean nationality law">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_nationality_law" title="Colombian nationality law">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_nationality_law" title="Ecuadorian nationality law">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_nationality_law" title="Paraguayan nationality law">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_nationality_law" title="Peruvian nationality law">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_nationality_law" title="Surinamese nationality law">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_nationality_law" title="Uruguayan nationality law">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_nationality_law" title="Venezuelan nationality law">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_nationality_law" title="Afghan nationality law">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_nationality_law" title="Bahraini nationality law">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_nationality_law" title="Bhutanese nationality law">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_nationality_law" title="Cambodian nationality law">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_nationality_law" title="East Timorese nationality law">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_nationality_law" title="Indonesian nationality law">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationality_law" title="Iraqi nationality law">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" title="Israeli citizenship law">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationality_law" title="Japanese nationality law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationality_law" title="Jordanian nationality law">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_nationality_law" title="Kazakhstani nationality law">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrgyzstani nationality law (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_nationality_law" title="Kuwaiti nationality law">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laotian_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laotian nationality law (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law" title="Lebanese nationality law">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nationality_law" title="Mongolian nationality law">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_nationality_law" title="Myanmar nationality law">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_nationality_law" title="Nepali nationality law">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_nationality_law" title="North Korean nationality law">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_nationality_law" title="Omani nationality law">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinian_nationality" title="History of Palestinian nationality">Palestine</a><sup><small></small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_nationality_law" title="Philippine nationality law">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_nationality_law" title="Qatari nationality law">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_nationality_law" title="Saudi Arabian nationality law">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_nationality_law" title="South Korean nationality law">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationality_law" title="Syrian nationality law">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajikistani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajikistani nationality law (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationality_law" title="Taiwanese nationality law">Taiwan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationality_law" title="Thai nationality law">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen nationality law">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_nationality_law" title="Emirati nationality law">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbek_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbek nationality law (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemeni_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemeni nationality law (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">European Union</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationality_law" title="Austrian nationality law">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_nationality_law" title="Belgian nationality law">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_nationality_law" title="Bulgarian nationality law">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationality_law" title="Croatian nationality law">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationality_law" title="Czech nationality law">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationality_law" title="Estonian nationality law">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationality_law" title="Finnish nationality law">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationality_law" title="French nationality law">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationality_law" title="Greek nationality law">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationality_law" title="Hungarian nationality law">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationality_law" title="Icelandic nationality law">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_nationality_law" title="Latvian nationality law">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_nationality_law" title="Liechtensteiner nationality law">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nationality_law" title="Lithuanian nationality law">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_nationality_law" title="Luxembourg nationality law">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationality_law" title="Norwegian nationality law">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationality_law" title="Polish nationality law">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationality_law" title="Romanian nationality law">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationality_law" title="Slovak nationality law">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationality_law" title="Slovenian nationality law">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_nationality_law" title="Swedish nationality law">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Rest of Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationality_law" title="Albanian nationality law">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_nationality_law" title="Andorran nationality law">Andorra</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationality_law" title="Azerbaijani nationality law">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian citizenship">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_nationality_law" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina nationality law">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationality_law" title="Georgian nationality law">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan nationality law">Kosovo</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_nationality_law" title="Moldovan nationality law">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_nationality_law" title="Monégasque nationality law">Monaco</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationality_law" title="Montenegrin nationality law">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_North_Macedonia" title="Nationality law of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_citizenship" title="Northern Cyprus citizenship">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_citizenship_law" title="Russian citizenship law">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_nationality_law" title="San Marino nationality law">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationality_law" title="Serbian nationality law">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationality_law" title="Ukrainian nationality law">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_nationality_law" title="Micronesian nationality law">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_nationality_law" title="Marshallese nationality law">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_nationality_law" title="Palauan nationality law">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoan_citizenship_and_nationality" title="American Samoan citizenship and nationality">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Northern Mariana citizenship and nationality">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guamanian_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Guamanian citizenship and nationality">Guam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">International<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_Mercosur" title="Citizenship of the Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Passport_Union" title="Nordic Passport Union">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union#Migration" title="African Union">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_citizenship" title="Loss of citizenship">Loss of citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">Denaturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">Renunciation of citizenship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">Naturalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_aboard_aircraft_and_ships" title="Birth aboard aircraft and ships">Birth aboard aircraft and ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_sanguinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius sanguinis">Ius sanguinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_soli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius soli">Ius soli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By result</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Multiple citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_passport" title="Internal passport">Internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">Permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">Right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">Second-class citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Statelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_citizenship_law" title="Soviet citizenship law">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Open border with <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> Partially recognized.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationality_law" title="Category:Nationality law"><b>Category</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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