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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Cyrillic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Cyrillic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early Cyrillic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Cyrillic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_Serbian_Cyrillic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_Serbian_Cyrillic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Medieval Serbian Cyrillic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_Serbian_Cyrillic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karadžić's_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karadžić's_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Karadžić's reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karadžić's_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria-Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Austria-Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Contemporary period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Special letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_from_other_Cyrillic_alphabets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_from_other_Cyrillic_alphabets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Differences from other Cyrillic alphabets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_from_other_Cyrillic_alphabets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keyboard_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboard_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Keyboard layout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyboard_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أبجدية سيريلية صربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية سيريلية صربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_cir%C3%ADlicu_serbiu" title="Alfabetu cirílicu serbiu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu cirílicu serbiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serb_kiril_%C9%99lifbas%C4%B1" title="Serb kiril əlifbası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Serb kiril əlifbası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="সার্বীয় সিরিলীয় বর্ণমালা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সার্বীয় সিরিলীয় বর্ণমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Сербскі кірылічны алфавіт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сербскі кірылічны алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Сэрбскі кірылічны альфабэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэрбскі кірылічны альфабэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сръбска азбука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сръбска азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_cir%C3%ADl%C2%B7lic_serbi" title="Alfabet ciríl·lic serbi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet ciríl·lic serbi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbsk%C3%A1_abeceda" title="Srbská abeceda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Srbská abeceda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiske_alfabet" title="Serbiske alfabet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Serbiske alfabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbisches_Alphabet" title="Serbisches Alphabet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Serbisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cir%C3%ADlico_serbio" title="Alfabeto cirílico serbio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto cirílico serbio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="الفبای سیریلیک صربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای سیریلیک صربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_cyrillique_serbe" title="Alphabet cyrillique serbe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet cyrillique serbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%81%D5%A1" title="Սերբական կիրիլիցա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սերբական կիրիլիցա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srpska_%C4%87irilica" title="Srpska ćirilica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Srpska ćirilica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril_Serbia" title="Alfabet Kiril Serbia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Kiril Serbia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cirillico_serbo" title="Alfabeto cirillico serbo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto cirillico serbo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Sirilik_Serbia" title="Aksara Sirilik Serbia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara Sirilik Serbia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serb%C5%B3_ab%C4%97c%C4%97l%C4%97" title="Serbų abėcėlė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Serbų abėcėlė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerb_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9" title="Szerb ábécé – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szerb ábécé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Српска кирилична азбука – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Српска кирилична азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="セルビア語キリル・アルファベット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルビア語キリル・アルファベット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_serbiske_alfabetet" title="Det serbiske alfabetet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det serbiske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_serbiske_alfabetet" title="Det serbiske alfabetet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det serbiske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95" title="ਸਰਬਿਆਈ ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਰਬਿਆਈ ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="سربیائی سیریلک حروف تہجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سربیائی سیریلک حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Serbian alphabet" redirects here. For the Serbian Latin alphabet, see <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Gaj's Latin alphabet</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Serbian Cyrillic alphabet<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr" style="font-style: normal;">Српска ћирилица азбука<br />Srpska ćirilica azbuka</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_Cyrilic_alphabet_Common.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Serbian_Cyrilic_alphabet_Common.svg/270px-Serbian_Cyrilic_alphabet_Common.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Serbian_Cyrilic_alphabet_Common.svg/405px-Serbian_Cyrilic_alphabet_Common.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Serbian_Cyrilic_alphabet_Common.svg/540px-Serbian_Cyrilic_alphabet_Common.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9th century – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active<br />In Official Use<br /> In Use<br /> Safe<br /> Present<br /> Live</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Official script</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">B&H</a> (including <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska"><img alt="Republika Srpska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">RS</a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_SPC.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_SPC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_SPC.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_SPC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_SPC.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_SPC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="376" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hilandar" title="Hilandar">Hilandar</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Civil_flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Civil_flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Civil_flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Civil_flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Civil_flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Civil_flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Serbia_%281281%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Serbia_%281281%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Serbia_%281281%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic#Serbian_recension" title="Church Slavonic">Serbian Slavonic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a> (partly <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic alphabet</a>)<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">Macedonian alphabet</a> (partly)<br /><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Cyrillic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet">Montenegrin Cyrillic</a> (partly)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Cyrl</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(220)</span>, Cyrillic</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Cyrillic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">subset of <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode Cyrillic">Cyrillic (U+0400...U+04FF)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic languages</a> and dialects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Western South Slavic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Standard languages</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Slavonic-Serbian" title="Slavonic-Serbian">Slavonic-Serbian</a>)</div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Serbo-Croatian" title="Dialects of Serbo-Croatian">Dialects</a></b></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Younger_Ikavian_dialect" title="Younger Ikavian dialect">Younger Ikavian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunjevac_dialect" title="Bunjevac dialect">Bunjevac</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Slavonian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavonian dialect">Slavonian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0okac_dialect" title="Šokac dialect">Šokac</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_subdialect" title="Dubrovnik subdialect">Dubrovnik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Herzegovinian_dialect" title="Eastern Herzegovinian dialect">Eastern Herzegovinian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEican_dialect" title="Užican dialect">Užice</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zeta%E2%80%93Ra%C5%A1ka_dialect" title="Zeta–Raška dialect">Zeta–Raška</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovo%E2%80%93Resava_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovo–Resava dialect (page does not exist)">Kosovo–Resava</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smederevo%E2%80%93Vr%C5%A1ac_dialect" title="Smederevo–Vršac dialect">Smederevo–Vršac</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umadija%E2%80%93Vojvodina_dialect" title="Šumadija–Vojvodina dialect">Šumadija–Vojvodina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prizren%E2%80%93Timok_dialect" title="Prizren–Timok dialect">Prizren–Timok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prizren%E2%80%93South_Morava_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizren–South Morava dialect">Prizren–South Morava</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gora_dialect" title="Gora dialect">Gorani</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janjevo%E2%80%93Letnica_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janjevo–Letnica dialect (page does not exist)">Janjevo–Letnica</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Svrljig%E2%80%93Zaplanje_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Svrljig–Zaplanje dialect">Svrljig–Zaplanje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timok%E2%80%93Lu%C5%BEnica_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Timok–Lužnica dialect">Timok–Lužnica</a>))</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Chakavian" title="Chakavian">Chakavian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Burgenland_Croatian" title="Burgenland Croatian">Burgenland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect" title="Slavomolisano dialect">Molise</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajkavian" title="Kajkavian">Kajkavian</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Prizren%E2%80%93South_Morava_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizren–South Morava dialect">Prizren–South Morava</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gora_dialect" title="Gora dialect">Gorani</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janjevo%E2%80%93Letnica_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janjevo–Letnica dialect (page does not exist)">Janjevo–Letnica</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Svrljig%E2%80%93Zaplanje_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Svrljig–Zaplanje dialect">Svrljig–Zaplanje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timok%E2%80%93Lu%C5%BEnica_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Timok–Lužnica dialect">Timok–Lužnica</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Accents</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekavian">Ekavian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ijekavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijekavian">Ijekavian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ikavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikavian">Ikavian</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><i><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_standard_Bosnian,_Croatian,_Montenegrin_and_Serbian" title="Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian">Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian</a></span></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></b></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_dialects" title="Slovene dialects">Dialects</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Prekmurje_Slovene" title="Prekmurje Slovene">Prekmurje Slovene</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Resian_dialect" title="Resian dialect">Resian</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Eastern South Slavic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dialects" title="Bulgarian dialects">Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_dialect" title="Banat Bulgarian dialect">Banat</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meshterski" title="Meshterski">Meshterski</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></b></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Macedonian" title="Dialects of Macedonian">Dialects</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonian_dialects" title="Western Macedonian dialects">Western</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Macedonian_dialects" title="Southeastern Macedonian dialects">Southeastern</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Macedonian_dialects" title="Northern Macedonian dialects">Northern</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoken_Macedonian" title="Spoken Macedonian">Spoken Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Macedonian" title="Standard Macedonian">Standard Macedonian</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Transitional dialects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Serbian–Bulgarian–Macedonian</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Bulgarian_dialects" title="Transitional Bulgarian dialects">Transitional Bulgarian dialects</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gora_dialect" title="Gora dialect">Gorani</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Croatian–Slovenian</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajkavian" title="Kajkavian">Kajkavian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Bulgarian–Macedonian</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_dialects_of_Greece" title="Slavic dialects of Greece">Slavic dialects of Greece</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Alphabets</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Modern</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Gaj's Latin</a><sup>a</sup></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serbian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language#Alphabet" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">Macedonian Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_alphabet" title="Montenegrin alphabet">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_alphabet" title="Slovene alphabet">Slovene</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Historical</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohori%C4%8D_alphabet" title="Bohorič alphabet">Bohoričica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dajnko_alphabet" title="Dajnko alphabet">Dajnčica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metelko_alphabet" title="Metelko alphabet">Metelčica</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Arebica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>a</sup></span> Includes <a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_language#Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Banat Bulgarian language">Banat Bulgarian alphabet</a>.</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0 0.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Slavic_languages_sidebar" title="Template:South Slavic languages sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_Slavic_languages_sidebar" title="Template talk:South Slavic languages sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Slavic_languages_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Slavic languages sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</b> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr"><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr-Cyrl">Српска ћирилица азбука</span></span>, <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr-Latn">Srpska ćirilica azbuka</i></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sh-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[sr̩̂pskaː<span class="wrap"> </span>tɕirǐlitsa]</a></span>) is a variation of the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> used to write the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian language</a> that originated in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Serbia">medieval Serbia</a>. Reformed in 19th century by the <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a> <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">linguist</a> <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Vuk Karadžić</a>. It is one of the two alphabets used to write <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">modern standard Serbian</a>, the other being <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Gaj's Latin alphabet</a>. </p><p>Reformed Serbian based its alphabet on the previous 18th century <a href="/wiki/Slavonic-Serbian" title="Slavonic-Serbian">Slavonic-Serbian</a> script, following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it is written", removing obsolete letters and letters representing <a href="/wiki/Iotated_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Iotated vowel">iotated vowels</a>, introducing <span class="nowrap">⟨J⟩</span> from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> instead, and adding several consonant letters for sounds specific to Serbian <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a>. During the same period, linguists led by <a href="/wiki/Ljudevit_Gaj" title="Ljudevit Gaj">Ljudevit Gaj</a> adapted the Latin alphabet, in use in western South Slavic areas, using the same principles. As a result of this joint effort, Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets have a complete one-to-one congruence, with the Latin <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a> Lj, Nj, and Dž counting as single letters. </p><p>The updated Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was officially adopted in the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a> in 1868, and was in exclusive use in the country up to the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>. Both alphabets were official in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> and later in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. Due to the shared cultural area, Gaj's Latin alphabet saw a gradual adoption in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Socialist Republic of Serbia</a> since, and both scripts are used to write modern standard Serbian. In <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, Cyrillic is seen as being more traditional, and has the official status (designated in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Serbia" title="Constitution of Serbia">constitution</a> as the "<a href="/wiki/Official_script" title="Official script">official script</a>", compared to Latin's status of "script in official use" designated by a lower-level act, for national minorities). It is also an official script in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaj's Latin">Gaj's Latin alphabet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_use">Official use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Official use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Serbian Cyrillic is in official use in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Bosnia "officially accept[s] both alphabets",<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Latin script is almost always used in the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander2006_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas Cyrillic is in everyday use in <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander2006_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language_in_Croatia" title="Serbian language in Croatia">Serbian language in Croatia</a> is officially recognized as a minority language; however, the use of Cyrillic in bilingual signs has sparked <a href="/wiki/Anti-Cyrillic_protests_in_Croatia" title="Anti-Cyrillic protests in Croatia">protests and vandalism</a>. </p><p>Serbian Cyrillic is an important symbol of Serbian identity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Serbia, official documents are printed in Cyrillic only<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though, according to a 2014 survey, 47% of the Serbian population write in the <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> whereas 36% write in Cyrillic.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_alphabet">Modern alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5.png/220px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5.png/330px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5.png/440px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5.png 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Example of typical cursive modern Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SerbCyrAlphabet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SerbCyrAlphabet.png/220px-SerbCyrAlphabet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SerbCyrAlphabet.png/330px-SerbCyrAlphabet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SerbCyrAlphabet.png/440px-SerbCyrAlphabet.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>Capital letters of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_alphabet_in_oldstyle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Serbian_alphabet_in_oldstyle.png/220px-Serbian_alphabet_in_oldstyle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Serbian_alphabet_in_oldstyle.png/330px-Serbian_alphabet_in_oldstyle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Serbian_alphabet_in_oldstyle.png/440px-Serbian_alphabet_in_oldstyle.png 2x" data-file-width="4150" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption> Example of typical antique style in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet </figcaption></figure><p>The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, along with the equivalent forms in the <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Serbian Latin alphabet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) value for each letter. The letters do not have names, and <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonants</a> are normally pronounced as such when spelling is necessary (or followed by a short <a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a>, e.g. /fə/).: </p><table style="vertical-align:top"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA value</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)">А а</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> a</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">Б б</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> b</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">В в</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> v</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Г г</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> g</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">Д д</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> d</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje">Ђ ђ</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Đ">Đ</a> đ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">Е е</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> e</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)">Ж ж</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">Ž</a> ž</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)">З з</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> z</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental sibilant fricative">z</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">И и</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> i</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Je_(Cyrillic)" title="Je (Cyrillic)">Ј ј</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> j</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)">К к</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> k</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">Л л</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> l</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje">Љ љ</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a> lj</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">М м</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> m</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA value</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)">Н н</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> n</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje">Њ њ</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a> nj</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal">ɲ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">О о</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> o</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">ɔ̝</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)">П п</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> p</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Р р</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> r</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">С с</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> s</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">Т т</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> t</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">Ћ ћ</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%86" title="Ć">Ć</a> ć</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/U_(Cyrillic)" title="U (Cyrillic)">У у</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> u</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)">Ф ф</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> f</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Х х</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> h</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Ce_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ce (Cyrillic)">Ц ц</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> c</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">Ч ч</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C" title="Č">Č</a> č</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">t͡ʂ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Dzhe" title="Dzhe">Џ џ</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a> dž</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">d͡ʐ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)">Ш ш</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Š</a> š</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a>/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b><u>Summary tables</u></b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Latin to Cyrillic</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>A</td> <td>a</td> <td>B</td> <td>b</td> <td>C</td> <td>c</td> <td>Č</td> <td>č</td> <td>Ć</td> <td>ć</td> <td>D</td> <td>d</td> <td>Dž</td> <td>dž</td> <td>Đ</td> <td>đ</td> <td>E</td> <td>e</td> <td>F</td> <td>f</td> <td>G</td> <td>g</td> <td>H</td> <td>h</td> <td>I</td> <td>i</td> <td>J</td> <td>j</td> <td>K</td> <td>k </td></tr> <tr> <td>А</td> <td>а</td> <td>Б</td> <td>б</td> <td>Ц</td> <td>ц</td> <td>Ч</td> <td>ч</td> <td>Ћ</td> <td>ћ</td> <td>Д</td> <td>д</td> <td>Џ</td> <td>џ</td> <td>Ђ</td> <td>ђ</td> <td>Е</td> <td>е</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>ф</td> <td>Г</td> <td>г</td> <td>Х</td> <td>х</td> <td>И</td> <td>и</td> <td>Ј</td> <td>ј</td> <td>К</td> <td>к </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="30" style="height: 2px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L</td> <td>l</td> <td>Lj</td> <td>lj</td> <td>M</td> <td>m</td> <td>N</td> <td>n</td> <td>Nj</td> <td>nj</td> <td>O</td> <td>o</td> <td>P</td> <td>p</td> <td>R</td> <td>r</td> <td>S</td> <td>s</td> <td>Š</td> <td>š</td> <td>T</td> <td>t</td> <td>U</td> <td>u</td> <td>V</td> <td>v</td> <td>Z</td> <td>z</td> <td>Ž</td> <td>ž </td></tr> <tr> <td>Л</td> <td>л</td> <td>Љ</td> <td>љ</td> <td>М</td> <td>м</td> <td>Н</td> <td>н</td> <td>Њ</td> <td>њ</td> <td>О</td> <td>о</td> <td>П</td> <td>п</td> <td>Р</td> <td>р</td> <td>С</td> <td>с</td> <td>Ш</td> <td>ш</td> <td>Т</td> <td>т</td> <td>У</td> <td>у</td> <td>В</td> <td>в</td> <td>З</td> <td>з</td> <td>Ж</td> <td>ж </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Cyrillic to Latin</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>А</td> <td>а</td> <td>Б</td> <td>б</td> <td>В</td> <td>в</td> <td>Г</td> <td>г</td> <td>Д</td> <td>д</td> <td>Ђ</td> <td>ђ</td> <td>Е</td> <td>е</td> <td>Ж</td> <td>ж</td> <td>З</td> <td>з</td> <td>И</td> <td>и</td> <td>Ј</td> <td>ј</td> <td>К</td> <td>к</td> <td>Л</td> <td>л</td> <td>Љ</td> <td>љ</td> <td>М</td> <td>м </td></tr> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>a</td> <td>B</td> <td>b</td> <td>V</td> <td>v</td> <td>G</td> <td>g</td> <td>D</td> <td>d</td> <td>Đ</td> <td>đ</td> <td>E</td> <td>e</td> <td>Ž</td> <td>ž</td> <td>Z</td> <td>z</td> <td>I</td> <td>i</td> <td>J</td> <td>j</td> <td>K</td> <td>k</td> <td>L</td> <td>l</td> <td>Lj</td> <td>lj</td> <td>M</td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="30" style="height: 2px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Н</td> <td>н</td> <td>Њ</td> <td>њ</td> <td>О</td> <td>о</td> <td>П</td> <td>п</td> <td>Р</td> <td>р</td> <td>С</td> <td>с</td> <td>Т</td> <td>т</td> <td>Ћ</td> <td>ћ</td> <td>У</td> <td>у</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>х</td> <td>Ц</td> <td>ц</td> <td>Ч</td> <td>ч</td> <td>Џ</td> <td>џ</td> <td>Ш</td> <td>ш </td></tr> <tr> <td>N</td> <td>n</td> <td>Nj</td> <td>nj</td> <td>O</td> <td>o</td> <td>P</td> <td>p</td> <td>R</td> <td>r</td> <td>S</td> <td>s</td> <td>T</td> <td>t</td> <td>Ć</td> <td>ć</td> <td>U</td> <td>u</td> <td>F</td> <td>f</td> <td>H</td> <td>h</td> <td>C</td> <td>c</td> <td>Č</td> <td>č</td> <td>Dž</td> <td>dž</td> <td>Š</td> <td>š </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History of Serbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png/220px-Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png/330px-Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png/440px-Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana</a>, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Saint Cyril and Methodius</a>, 14th century</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Cyrillic">Early Cyrillic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Cyrillic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Cyrillic">Early Cyrillic</a></div><p> According to tradition, Glagolitic was invented by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Byzantine Christian</a> missionaries and brothers <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a> in the 860s, amid the <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Slavs" title="Christianization of the Slavs">Christianization of the Slavs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic alphabet</a> appears to be older, predating the introduction of Christianity, only formalized by Cyril and expanded to cover non-Greek sounds. The Glagolitic alphabet was gradually superseded in later centuries by the Cyrillic script, developed around by Cyril's disciples, perhaps at the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a> at the end of the 9th century.<sup id="cite_ref-cub_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cub-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_Cyrillic_Pierre_Simon_Fournier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Serbian_Cyrillic_Pierre_Simon_Fournier.jpg/220px-Serbian_Cyrillic_Pierre_Simon_Fournier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Serbian_Cyrillic_Pierre_Simon_Fournier.jpg/330px-Serbian_Cyrillic_Pierre_Simon_Fournier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Serbian_Cyrillic_Pierre_Simon_Fournier.jpg/440px-Serbian_Cyrillic_Pierre_Simon_Fournier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Serbian Cyrillic Alphabet Script by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Simon_Fournier" title="Pierre Simon Fournier">Pierre Simon Fournier</a>, 16th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest form of Cyrillic was the <i>ustav</i>, based on Greek uncial script, augmented by <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatures</a> and letters from the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic alphabet</a> for consonants not found in Greek. There was no distinction between capital and lowercase letters. The standard language was based on the Slavic dialect of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cub_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cub-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Serbian_Cyrillic">Medieval Serbian Cyrillic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Medieval Serbian Cyrillic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian manuscripts">Serbian manuscripts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Srbulja" title="Srbulja">Srbulja</a></div> <p>Part of the Serbian literary heritage of the Middle Ages are works such as <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Gospel" title="Miroslav Gospel">Miroslav Gospel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vukan_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Vukan Gospels">Vukan Gospels</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Sava%27s_Nomocanon" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Sava's Nomocanon">St. Sava's Nomocanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an%27s_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Dušan's Code">Dušan's Code</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich_Serbian_Psalter" title="Munich Serbian Psalter">Munich Serbian Psalter</a>, and others. The first printed book in Serbian was the <i><a href="/wiki/Cetinje_Octoechos" title="Cetinje Octoechos">Cetinje Octoechos</a></i> (1494). </p><p>It's notable extensive use of diacritical signs by the <a href="/wiki/Manasija" title="Manasija">Resava</a> dialect and use of the <a href="/wiki/Djerv" title="Djerv">djerv</a> (Ꙉꙉ) for the Serbian reflexes of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Slavic language">Pre-Slavic</a> *tj and *dj (*<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">t͡ɕ</a>, *<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">d͡ʑ</a>, *<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>, and *<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a>), later the letter evolved to <a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje">dje</a> (Ђђ) and <a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">tshe</a> (Ћћ) <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letters</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karadžić's_reform"><span id="Karad.C5.BEi.C4.87.27s_reform"></span>Karadžić's reform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Karadžić's reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg/220px-Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg/330px-Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg/440px-Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>Serbian linguist <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Vuk Karadžić</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_Cyrillic_Alphabet_by_Claude_Duret.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Serbian_Cyrillic_Alphabet_by_Claude_Duret.png/220px-Serbian_Cyrillic_Alphabet_by_Claude_Duret.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Serbian_Cyrillic_Alphabet_by_Claude_Duret.png/330px-Serbian_Cyrillic_Alphabet_by_Claude_Duret.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Serbian_Cyrillic_Alphabet_by_Claude_Duret.png/440px-Serbian_Cyrillic_Alphabet_by_Claude_Duret.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Serbian Cyrillic Alphabet Script by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Duret" title="Claude Duret">Claude Duret</a>, 16th century</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Vuk Stefanović Karadžić</a> fled <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a> in 1813, to Vienna. There he met <a href="/wiki/Jernej_Kopitar" title="Jernej Kopitar">Jernej Kopitar</a>, a linguist with interest in slavistics. Kopitar and <a href="/wiki/Sava_Mrkalj" title="Sava Mrkalj">Sava Mrkalj</a> helped Vuk to reform Serbian and its orthography. He finalized the alphabet in 1818 with the <i>Serbian Dictionary</i>. </p><p>Karadžić reformed standard Serbian and standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by following strict <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> principles on the <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Adelung" title="Johann Christoph Adelung">Johann Christoph Adelung</a>' model and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a>' <a href="/wiki/Czech_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech alphabet">Czech alphabet</a>. Karadžić's reforms of standard Serbian modernised it and distanced it from Serbian and Russian <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a>, instead bringing it closer to common folk speech, specifically, to the dialect of Eastern <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a> which he spoke. Karadžić was, together with <a href="/wiki/%C4%90uro_Dani%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Đuro Daničić">Đuro Daničić</a>, the main Serbian signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Literary_Agreement" title="Vienna Literary Agreement">Vienna Literary Agreement</a> of 1850 which, encouraged by <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> authorities, laid the foundation for Serbian, various forms of which are used by Serbs in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> today. Karadžić also translated the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> into Serbian, which was published in 1868. </p><p> He wrote several books; <i>Mala prostonarodna slaveno-serbska pesnarica</i> and <i>Pismenica serbskoga jezika</i> in 1814, and two more in 1815 and 1818, all with the alphabet still in progress. In his letters from 1815 to 1818 he used: Ю, Я, Ы and Ѳ. In his 1815 song book he dropped the Ѣ.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vuk-1818.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Vuk-1818.jpg/170px-Vuk-1818.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Vuk-1818.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Serbian dictionary</figcaption></figure><p>The alphabet was officially adopted in 1868, four years after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>From the Old Slavic script Vuk retained these 24 letters: </p> <table cellpadding="4" style="font-size:larger; text-align:center; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>А а</b></td> <td><b>Б <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr">б</span></span></b></td> <td><b>В в</b></td> <td><b>Г г</b></td> <td><b>Д д</b></td> <td><b>Е е</b></td> <td><b>Ж ж</b></td> <td><b>З з</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>И и</b></td> <td><b>К к</b></td> <td><b>Л л</b></td> <td><b>М м</b></td> <td><b>Н н</b></td> <td><b>О о</b></td> <td><b>П п</b></td> <td><b>Р р</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>С с</b></td> <td><b>Т т</b></td> <td><b>У у</b></td> <td><b>Ф ф</b></td> <td><b>Х х</b></td> <td><b>Ц ц</b></td> <td><b>Ч ч</b></td> <td><b>Ш ш</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>He added one Latin letter: </p> <table cellpadding="4" style="font-size:larger; text-align:center; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Ј ј</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>And 5 new ones: </p> <table cellpadding="4" style="font-size:larger; text-align:center; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b>Ђ ђ</b></span></span></td> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b>Љ љ</b></span></span></td> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b>Њ њ</b></span></span></td> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b>Ћ ћ</b></span></span></td> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b>Џ џ</b></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>He removed: </p> <table cellpadding="4" style="font-size:larger; text-align:center; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Ѥ ѥ</b> (је)</td> <td><b>Ѣ, ѣ</b> (јат)</td> <td><b>І ї</b> (и)</td> <td><b>Ѵ ѵ</b> (и)</td> <td><b>Оу оу</b> (у)</td> <td><b>Ѡ ѡ</b> (о)</td> <td><b>Ѧ ѧ</b> (мали јус)</td> <td><b>Ѫ ѫ</b> (велики јус)</td> <td><b>Ы ы</b> (јери, тврдо и) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ю ю</b> (ју)</td> <td><b>Ѿ ѿ</b> (от)</td> <td><b>Ѳ ѳ</b> (т)</td> <td><b>Ѕ ѕ</b> (дз)</td> <td><b>Щ щ</b> (шт)</td> <td><b>Ѯ ѯ</b> (кс)</td> <td><b>Ѱ ѱ</b> (пс)</td> <td><b>Ъ ъ</b> (тврди полуглас)</td> <td><b>Ь ь</b> (меки полуглас)</td> <td><b>Я я</b> (ја) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_cyrillic_alphabet_cg_1836.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Serbian_cyrillic_alphabet_cg_1836.png/220px-Serbian_cyrillic_alphabet_cg_1836.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Serbian_cyrillic_alphabet_cg_1836.png/330px-Serbian_cyrillic_alphabet_cg_1836.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Serbian_cyrillic_alphabet_cg_1836.png/440px-Serbian_cyrillic_alphabet_cg_1836.png 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>Serbian Cyrillic Alphabet Script before and after reform by <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" title="Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitanate_of_Montenegro_and_the_Littoral" title="Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral">church public school</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>, 19th century</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Austria-Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orders issued on the 3 and 13 October 1914 banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a>, limiting it for use in religious instruction. A decree was passed on January 3, 1915, that banned Serbian Cyrillic completely from public use. An imperial order on October 25, 1915, banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the <a href="/wiki/Condominium_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, except "within the scope of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> authorities".<sup id="cite_ref-Mitrovic-78_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitrovic-78-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Axis occupation of Serbia">Axis occupation of Serbia</a></div> <p>In 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi puppet</a> <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> banned the use of Cyrillic,<sup id="cite_ref-Ramet2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramet2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having regulated it on 25 April 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-Redžić2005_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redžić2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in June 1941 began eliminating "<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a>" (Serbian) words from Croatian, and shut down Serbian schools.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellamy2003_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellamy2003-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crowe2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowe2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was used as a basis for the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">Macedonian alphabet</a> with the work of <a href="/wiki/Krste_Misirkov" title="Krste Misirkov">Krste Misirkov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venko_Markovski" title="Venko Markovski">Venko Markovski</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Serbian Cyrillic script was one of the two official scripts used to write <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> since its establishment in 1918, the other being <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Gaj's Latin alphabet</a> (<i>latinica</i>). </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a> in the 1990s, Serbian Cyrillic is no longer used in Croatia on national level, while in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro it remained an official script.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_period">Contemporary period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Contemporary period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Serbia" title="Constitution of Serbia">Constitution of Serbia</a> of 2006, Cyrillic script is the only one in official use.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_letters">Special letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Special letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlphabetiSerborum_1841.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AlphabetiSerborum_1841.jpg/350px-AlphabetiSerborum_1841.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="480" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AlphabetiSerborum_1841.jpg/525px-AlphabetiSerborum_1841.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AlphabetiSerborum_1841.jpg/700px-AlphabetiSerborum_1841.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="1489" /></a><figcaption><b>Serbian Cyrillic</b>, from <i>Comparative orthography of European languages</i>. Source: <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Vuk Stefanović Karadžić</a> "Srpske narodne pjesme" (<i>Serbian folk poems</i>), <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, 1841</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Typographical_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographical ligature">ligatures</a>: </p> <table cellpadding="4" style="font-size:larger; text-align:center; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje">Ђ</a> ђ</b></span></span></td> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje">Љ</a> љ</b></span></span></td> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje">Њ</a> њ</b></span></span></td> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">Ћ</a> ћ</b></span></span></td> <td><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><b><a href="/wiki/Dzhe" title="Dzhe">Џ</a> џ</b></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> were developed specially for the Serbian alphabet. </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Karadžić</a> based the letters <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje">Љ</a></span></span>⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje">Њ</a></span></span>⟩</span> on a design by <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb</a> <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">grammarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a> <a href="/wiki/Sava_Mrkalj" title="Sava Mrkalj">Sava Mrkalj</a>, known for his attempt to reform the Serbian language before, combining the letters <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">Л</a></span></span>⟩</span> (L) and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)">Н</a></span></span>⟩</span> (N) with the <a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">soft sign</a> (Ь).</li> <li>Karadžić based <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Dzhe" title="Dzhe">Џ</a></span></span>⟩</span> on letter "Gea" in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Serbian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Serbian language">Old Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">Ћ</a></span></span>⟩</span> was adopted by Karadžić to represent the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a>: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tɕ/</span>). The letter was based on, but different in appearance to, the letter Djerv, which is the 12th letter of the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic alphabet</a>; that letter had been used in written Serbian since the 12th century, to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡʲ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dʲ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dʑ/</span>.</li> <li>Karadžić adopted a design by Serbian poet, prose writer, polyglot, and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox</a> bishop <a href="/wiki/Lukijan_Mu%C5%A1icki" title="Lukijan Mušicki">Lukijan Mušicki</a> for the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje">Ђ</a></span></span>⟩</span>. It was based on the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">Ћ</a></span></span>⟩</span>, as adapted by Karadžić.</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Je_(Cyrillic)" title="Je (Cyrillic)">Ј</a></span></span>⟩</span> was adopted from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, apparently in preference to <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Short_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Short I">Й</a>⟩</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_from_other_Cyrillic_alphabets">Differences from other Cyrillic alphabets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Differences from other Cyrillic alphabets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic alphabets</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_alternates.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cyrillic_alternates.svg/300px-Cyrillic_alternates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cyrillic_alternates.svg/450px-Cyrillic_alternates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cyrillic_alternates.svg/600px-Cyrillic_alternates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption> Alternate variants of lowercase Cyrillic letters: Б/б, Д/д, Г/г, И/и, П/п, Т/т, Ш/ш. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9CC2E5; color:black;"> </span> Default Russian (Eastern) forms on the left.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F4B083; color:black;"> </span> Alternate Bulgarian (Western) upright forms in the middle.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD966; color:black;"> </span> Alternate Serbian (Southern) italic forms on the right.</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Serbian Cyrillic does not use several letters encountered in other Slavic Cyrillic alphabets. It does not use hard sign (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ъ</span></span>) and soft sign (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ь</span></span>), particularly due to a lack of distinction between <a href="/wiki/Iotation" title="Iotation">iotated</a> consonants and non-iotated consonants, but the aforementioned soft-sign ligatures instead. It does not have Russian/Belarusian <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Э</span></span>, Ukrainian/Belarusian <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">І</span></span>, the semi-vowels <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Й</span></span> or <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ў</span></span>, nor the iotated letters <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Я</span></span> (Russian/Bulgarian <span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">ya</span></span>), <span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">Є</span></span> (Ukrainian <span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">ye</span></span>), <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ї</span></span> (<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">yi</span></span>), <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ё</span></span> (Russian <span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">yo</span></span>) or <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Ю</span></span> (<span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">yu</span></span>), which are instead written as two separate letters: <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr">Ја, Је, Ји, Јо, Ју</span></span>. <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr">Ј</span></span> can also be used as a semi-vowel, in place of <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">й</span></span>. The letter <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Щ</span></span> is not used. When necessary, it is transliterated as either <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr">ШЧ</span></span>, <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr">ШЋ</span></span> or <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr">ШТ</span></span>. </p><p>Serbian <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursive</a> forms of lowercase letters <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">б</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">г</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">д</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">п</a></span></span>, and <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a></span></span> (Russian Cyrillic alphabet) differ from those used in other Cyrillic alphabets: <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">б</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">г</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">д</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">п</a></span></span>, and <span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a></span></span> (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet). The regular (upright) shapes are generally standardized among languages and there are no officially recognized variations.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That presents a challenge in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> modeling, as the glyphs differ only in italic versions, and historically non-italic letters have been used in the same code positions. Serbian professional typography uses fonts specially crafted for the language to overcome the problem, but texts printed from common computers contain East Slavic rather than Serbian italic glyphs. Cyrillic fonts from Adobe,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft (Windows Vista and later) and a few other font houses<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> include the Serbian variations (both regular and italic). </p><p>If the underlying font and Web technology provides support, the proper glyphs can be obtained by marking the text with appropriate language codes. Thus, in non-italic mode: </p> <ul><li><code><span lang="sr">бгдпт</span></code>, produces in Serbian language script: <span lang="sr" style="font-size:120%; font-family:Calibri,Open Sans,sans-serif">бгдпт</span>, same (except for the shape of <span style="font-size:120%">б</span>) as</li> <li><code><span lang="ru">бгдпт</span></code>, producing in Russian language script: <span lang="ru" style="font-size:120%; font-family:Calibri,Open Sans,sans-serif">бгдпт</span></li></ul> <p>whereas: </p> <ul><li><code><span lang="sr" style="font-style: italic">бгдпт</span></code> gives in Serbian language script: <span lang="sr" style="font-style: italic; font-size:120%; font-family:Calibri,Open Sans,sans-serif">бгдпт</span>, and</li> <li><code><span lang="ru" style="font-style: italic">бгдпт</span></code> produces in Russian language script: <span lang="ru" style="font-style: italic; font-size:120%; font-family:Calibri,Open Sans,sans-serif">бгдпт</span>.</li></ul> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> unifies different glyphs in same characters,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> font support must be present to display the correct variant. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keyboard_layout">Keyboard layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Keyboard layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Serbian_(Cyrillic)" title="Keyboard layout">Keyboard layout § Serbian (Cyrillic)</a></div> <p>The standard Serbian <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a> for personal computers is as follows: </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_Cyrillic_keyboard_layout_(QWERTZ)_-_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Serbian keyboard layout"><img alt="Serbian keyboard layout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Serbian_Cyrillic_keyboard_layout_%28QWERTZ%29_-_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5.svg/540px-Serbian_Cyrillic_keyboard_layout_%28QWERTZ%29_-_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="540" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Serbian_Cyrillic_keyboard_layout_%28QWERTZ%29_-_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5.svg/810px-Serbian_Cyrillic_keyboard_layout_%28QWERTZ%29_-_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Serbian_Cyrillic_keyboard_layout_%28QWERTZ%29_-_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5.svg/1080px-Serbian_Cyrillic_keyboard_layout_%28QWERTZ%29_-_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="382" /></a></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav braille">Yugoslav braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_manual_alphabet" title="Yugoslav manual alphabet">Yugoslav manual alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbian" title="Romanization of Serbian">Romanization of Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_calligraphy" title="Serbian calligraphy">Serbian calligraphy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000): 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander2006_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander2006_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander2006_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander2006_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRonelle_Alexander2006" class="citation book cs1">Ronelle Alexander (15 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6HTdZ5rxJ-cC"><i>Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Grammar: With Sociolinguistic Commentary</i></a>. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-21193-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-21193-6"><bdi>978-0-299-21193-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnian%2C+Croatian%2C+Serbian%2C+a+Grammar%3A+With+Sociolinguistic+Commentary&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Univ+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2006-08-15&rft.isbn=978-0-299-21193-6&rft.au=Ronelle+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6HTdZ5rxJ-cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasz_Kamusella2009" class="citation book cs1">Tomasz Kamusella (15 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mzEqAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-55070-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-55070-4"><bdi>978-0-230-55070-4</bdi></a>. <q>In addition, today, neither Bosniaks nor Croats, but only Serbs use Cyrillic in Bosnia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Language+and+Nationalism+in+Modern+Central+Europe&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009-01-15&rft.isbn=978-0-230-55070-4&rft.au=Tomasz+Kamusella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmzEqAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmJqMflYgoC&pg=PA414"><i>Entangled Histories of the Balkans: Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies</i></a>. BRILL. 13 June 2013. pp. 414–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25076-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25076-5"><bdi>978-90-04-25076-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entangled+Histories+of+the+Balkans%3A+Volume+One%3A+National+Ideologies+and+Language+Policies&rft.pages=414-&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25076-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFGmJqMflYgoC%26pg%3DPA414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/planeta.300.html:558012-%D0%8B%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5-%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5">"Ćeranje ćirilice iz Crne Gore"</a>. <i>www.novosti.rs</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.novosti.rs&rft.atitle=%C4%86eranje+%C4%87irilice+iz+Crne+Gore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novosti.rs%2Fvesti%2Fplaneta.300.html%3A558012-%25D0%258B%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%259A%25D0%25B5-%25D1%259B%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5-%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7-%25D0%25A6%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5-%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.b92.net/kultura/vesti.php?nav_category=1087&yyyy=2014&mm=12&dd=16&nav_id=936784">"Ivan Klajn: Ćirilica će postati arhaično pismo"</a>. <i>B92.net</i>. 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B92.net&rft.atitle=Ivan+Klajn%3A+%C4%86irilica+%C4%87e+postati+arhai%C4%8Dno+pismo&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b92.net%2Fkultura%2Fvesti.php%3Fnav_category%3D1087%26yyyy%3D2014%26mm%3D12%26dd%3D16%26nav_id%3D936784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cub-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cub_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cub_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cubberley, Paul (1996) "The Slavic Alphabets". in Daniels, Peter T., and William Bright, eds. (1996). <i>The World's Writing Systems.</i> Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-507993-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-507993-0">0-19-507993-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The life and times of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić</i>, p. 387</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/16/Kultura/1515582/Vek+i+po+od+smrti+Vuka+Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87a.html"><i>Vek i po od smrti Vuka Karadžića</i></a> (in Serbian), Radio-Television of Serbia, 7 February 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vek+i+po+od+smrti+Vuka+Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87a&rft.pub=Radio-Television+of+Serbia&rft.date=2014-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.rs%2Fpage%2Fstories%2Fsr%2Fstory%2F16%2FKultura%2F1515582%2FVek%2Bi%2Bpo%2Bod%2Bsmrti%2BVuka%2BKarad%25C5%25BEi%25C4%2587a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitrovic-78-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitrovic-78_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrej Mitrović, <i>Serbia's great war, 1914-1918</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=viqqqQ2KT7kC&pg=PA78">p.78</a>-79. Purdue University Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55753-477-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-55753-477-2">1-55753-477-2</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-477-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-477-4">978-1-55753-477-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAna_S._Trbovich2008" class="citation book cs1">Ana S. Trbovich (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ojur7dVoxIcC"><i>A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195333435" title="Special:BookSources/9780195333435"><bdi>9780195333435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Legal+Geography+of+Yugoslavia%27s+Disintegration&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780195333435&rft.au=Ana+S.+Trbovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOjur7dVoxIcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramet2006-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramet2006_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabrina_P._Ramet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Sabrina P. Ramet</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA312"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005</i></a>. Indiana University Press. pp. 312–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8"><bdi>0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918-2005&rft.pages=312-&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-253-34656-8&rft.au=Sabrina+P.+Ramet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redžić2005-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Redžić2005_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnver_Redžić2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Enver_Red%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Enver Redžić">Enver Redžić</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pVCx3jerQmYC&pg=PA71"><i>Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War</i></a>. Psychology Press. pp. 71–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5625-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5625-0"><bdi>978-0-7146-5625-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia+and+Herzegovina+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=71-&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5625-0&rft.au=Enver+Red%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpVCx3jerQmYC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellamy2003-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bellamy2003_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_J._Bellamy2003" class="citation book cs1">Alex J. Bellamy (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T3PqrrnrE5EC&pg=PA138"><i>The Formation of Croatian National Identity: A Centuries-old Dream</i></a>. Manchester University Press. pp. 138–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6502-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6502-6"><bdi>978-0-7190-6502-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Formation+of+Croatian+National+Identity%3A+A+Centuries-old+Dream&rft.pages=138-&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6502-6&rft.au=Alex+J.+Bellamy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT3PqrrnrE5EC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crowe2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crowe2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_M._Crowe2013" class="citation book cs1">David M. Crowe (13 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GRTdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61"><i>Crimes of State Past and Present: Government-Sponsored Atrocities and International Legal Responses</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 61–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-98682-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-98682-9"><bdi>978-1-317-98682-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crimes+of+State+Past+and+Present%3A+Government-Sponsored+Atrocities+and+International+Legal+Responses&rft.pages=61-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-317-98682-9&rft.au=David+M.+Crowe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGRTdAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hjNpAAAAMAAJ"><i>Yugoslav Survey</i></a>. Vol. 43. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslav+Survey&rft.pub=Jugoslavija+Publishing+House&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhjNpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srbija.gov.rs/cinjenice_o_srbiji/ustav_odredbe.php?id=101">Article 10</a> of the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/eng/akta/ustav/ustav_1.asp">English version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110314172414/http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/eng/akta/ustav/ustav_1.asp">Archived</a> 2011-03-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="PravopisSrpskog" class="citation book cs1">Peshikan, Mitar; Jerković, Jovan; Pižurica, Mato (1994). <i>Pravopis srpskoga jezika</i>. Beograd: Matica Srpska. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/86-363-0296-X" title="Special:BookSources/86-363-0296-X"><bdi>86-363-0296-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pravopis+srpskoga+jezika&rft.place=Beograd&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Matica+Srpska&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=86-363-0296-X&rft.aulast=Peshikan&rft.aufirst=Mitar&rft.au=Jerkovi%C4%87%2C+Jovan&rft.au=Pi%C5%BEurica%2C+Mato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MakedonskiPravopis" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravopis.mk/sites/default/files/Pravopis-2017.PDF"><i>Pravopis na makedonskiot jazik</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Skopje: Institut za makedonski jazik Krste Misirkov. 2017. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-608-220-042-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-608-220-042-2"><bdi>978-608-220-042-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pravopis+na+makedonskiot+jazik&rft.place=Skopje&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Institut+za+makedonski+jazik+Krste+Misirkov&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-608-220-042-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravopis.mk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPravopis-2017.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adobe.com/devnet/font/pdfs/5013.Cyrillic_Font_Spec.pdf">"Adobe Standard Cyrillic Font Specification - Technical Note #5013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 18 February 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206171502/http://www.adobe.com/devnet/font/pdfs/5013.Cyrillic_Font_Spec.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2009-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+Standard+Cyrillic+Font+Specification+-+Technical+Note+%235013&rft.date=1998-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fdevnet%2Ffont%2Fpdfs%2F5013.Cyrillic_Font_Spec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/ch02.pdf">"Unicode 8.0.0 ch.02 p.14-15"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+8.0.0+ch.02+p.14-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode8.0.0%2Fch02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirković2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC"><i>The Serbs</i></a>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405142915" title="Special:BookSources/9781405142915"><bdi>9781405142915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs&rft.place=Malden&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405142915&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Wc-DWRzoeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsailovićKrstić2015" class="citation book cs1">Isailović, Neven G.; Krstić, Aleksandar R. (2015). "Serbian Language and Cyrillic Script as a Means of Diplomatic Literacy in South Eastern Europe in 15th and 16th Centuries". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25272837"><i>Literacy Experiences concerning Medieval and Early Modern Transylvania</i></a>. Cluj-Napoca: George Bariţiu Institute of History. pp. 185–195.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbian+Language+and+Cyrillic+Script+as+a+Means+of+Diplomatic+Literacy+in+South+Eastern+Europe+in+15th+and+16th+Centuries&rft.btitle=Literacy+Experiences+concerning+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Transylvania&rft.place=Cluj-Napoca&rft.pages=185-195&rft.pub=George+Bari%C5%A3iu+Institute+of+History&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Isailovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Neven+G.&rft.au=Krsti%C4%87%2C+Aleksandar+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F25272837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvić1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pavle_Ivi%C4%87" title="Pavle Ivić">Ivić, Pavle</a>, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7nItAQAAIAAJ"><i>The History of Serbian Culture</i></a>. Edgware: Porthill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781870732314" title="Special:BookSources/9781870732314"><bdi>9781870732314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Serbian+Culture&rft.place=Edgware&rft.pub=Porthill+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781870732314&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7nItAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamardžićDuškov1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Radovan_Samard%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Samardžić">Samardžić, Radovan</a>; Duškov, Milan, eds. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ"><i>Serbs in European Civilization</i></a>. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675830153" title="Special:BookSources/9788675830153"><bdi>9788675830153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbs+in+European+Civilization&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Nova%2C+Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788675830153&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3MtAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Duncan_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Duncan Wilson">Duncan Wilson</a>, <i>The life and times of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, 1787-1864: literacy, literature and national independence in Serbia</i>, p. 387. Clarendon Press, 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vu81AQAAIAAJ">Google Books</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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calligraphy">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_minuscule" title="Greek minuscule">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a> <ul><li>Ustav</li> <li>Poluustav</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosančica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Glagolitic">Angular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_hand" title="Court hand">Court hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardic_capitals" title="Lombardic capitals">Lombardic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" 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title="Skoropis">Skoropis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_skoropys" title="Ukrainian skoropys">Ukrainian skoropys</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">Shorthand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teaching_script" title="Teaching script">Teaching scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barchowsky_Fluent_Handwriting" title="Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting">Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Nealian" title="D'Nealian">D'Nealian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getty-Dubay_Italic" title="Getty-Dubay Italic">Getty-Dubay Italic</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Grundschrift" title="Grundschrift">Grundschrift</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Method" title="Palmer Method">Palmer</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Vereinfachte_Ausgangsschrift" title="Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift">Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaner-Bloser_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaner-Bloser Method">Zaner-Bloser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transliteration_and_transcription_into_Cyrillic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyrillization" title="Template:Cyrillization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyrillization" title="Template talk:Cyrillization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrillization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrillization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transliteration_and_transcription_into_Cyrillic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization" title="Cyrillization">Transliteration and transcription into Cyrillic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Existing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Arabic" title="Cyrillization of Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Armenian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Armenian (page does not exist)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of English (page does not exist)">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_French" title="Cyrillization of French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_German" title="Cyrillization of German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Georgian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Georgian (page does not exist)">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Greek" title="Cyrillization of Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Irish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Irish (page does not exist)">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Korean" title="Cyrillization of Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Kurdish" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillization of Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Cyrillic">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Persian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillization of Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Polish" title="Cyrillization of Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet">Romanian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Spanish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Spanish (page does not exist)">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Turkish" title="Cyrillization of Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Vietnamese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Vietnamese (page does not exist)">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cyrillic letter Dwe, a commonly cited example of both Cyrillization and a native Language's ability to influence its imposed Writing system"><img alt="The Cyrillic letter Dwe, a commonly cited example of both Cyrillization and a native Language's ability to influence its imposed Writing system" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/80px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/120px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/160px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3735" data-file-height="2205" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets#Summary_table" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Alphabet comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic" title="Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic">Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orthographies_of_the_world&#039;s_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_orthographies" title="Template:Language orthographies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Language_orthographies" title="Template talk:Language orthographies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Language_orthographies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Language orthographies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orthographies_of_the_world&#039;s_languages" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">Orthographies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_languages" title="Lists of languages">world's languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_phonologies" title="Template:Language phonologies">Phonologies</a></li> <li><b>Orthographies</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_grammars" title="Template:Language grammars">Grammars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_adjectives" title="Template:Language adjectives">Adjectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_determiners" title="Template:Language determiners">Determiners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_nouns" title="Template:Language nouns">Nouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_prepositions" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Language prepositions">Prepositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_pronouns" title="Template:Language pronouns">Pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_verbs" title="Template:Language verbs">Verbs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans alphabet">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_orthography" title="Danish orthography">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_orthography" title="Faroese orthography">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography" title="Norwegian orthography">Norwegian</a></li> <li>Swedish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_orthography" title="Swedish orthography">orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_alphabet" title="West Frisian alphabet">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_orthography" title="Yiddish orthography">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language#Orthography" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language#Orthography" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernewek_Kemmyn" title="Kernewek Kemmyn">Kernewek Kemmyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Written_Form" title="Standard Written Form">Standard Written Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernowek_Standard" title="Kernowek Standard">Kernowek Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Cornish" title="Modern Cornish">Modern Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Cornish" title="Unified Cornish">Unified Cornish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography" title="Irish orthography">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language#Orthography" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_orthography" title="Scottish Gaelic orthography">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_orthography" title="Welsh orthography">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_alphabet" title="Aromanian alphabet">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanian_alphabet" title="Istro-Romanian alphabet">Istro-Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_orthography" title="Italian orthography">Italian</a></li> <li>Latin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography" title="Latin phonology and orthography">Phonology & ortography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">alphabet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_orthography" title="Sicilian orthography">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_orthography" title="Walloon orthography">Walloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_orthography" title="Latvian orthography">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_orthography" title="Lithuanian orthography">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">Belarusian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara%C5%A1kievica" title="Taraškievica">Classical orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet" title="Bulgarian alphabet">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">Macedonian</a></li> <li>Polish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_alphabet" title="Polish alphabet">alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography">orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_orthography" title="Silesian orthography">Silesian</a></li> <li>Serbo-Croatian <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_alphabet" title="Montenegrin alphabet">Montenegrin alphabet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_orthography" title="Slovak orthography">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_alphabet" title="Slovene alphabet">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_alphabet" title="Sorbian alphabet">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_orthography" title="Ukrainian orthography">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Latin_alphabet" title="Ukrainian Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_alphabet" title="Tajik alphabet">Tajik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_orthography" title="Hindustani orthography">Hindustani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbodh" title="Balbodh">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_alphabets" title="Romani alphabets">Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_orthography" title="Greek orthography">Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_orthography" title="Estonian orthography">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_orthography" title="Finnish orthography">Finnish</a></li> <li>Hungarian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_alphabet" title="Hungarian alphabet">alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_alphabet" title="Karelian alphabet">Karelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_alphabets" title="Komi alphabets">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_language" title="Livonian language">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi_alphabets" title="Mansi alphabets">Mansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordvinic_alphabets" title="Mordvinic alphabets">Mordvinic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_language" title="Moksha language">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzya_language" title="Erzya language">Erzyan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_orthography" title="Sámi orthography">Sámi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi_orthography" title="Kildin Sámi orthography">Kildin Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_alphabets" title="Udmurt alphabets">Udmurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_alphabet" title="Bashkir alphabet">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">Crimean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_alphabet" title="Gagauz alphabet">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_alphabets" title="Khakas alphabets">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_alphabets" title="Nogai alphabets">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_alphabet" title="Tatar alphabet">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_scripts" title="Yakut scripts">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungus—Manchu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Even_alphabets" title="Even alphabets">Even</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_orthography" title="Evenki orthography">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udege_alphabets" title="Udege alphabets">Udege</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_alphabet" title="Abkhaz alphabet">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_alphabet" title="Basque alphabet">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargin_writing" title="Dargin writing">Dargwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li> <li>Aramaic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Ethiopian Semitic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_spelling" title="Hebrew spelling">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_orthography" title="Biblical Hebrew orthography">Biblical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_alphabet" title="Maltese alphabet">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_alphabets" title="Somali alphabets">Somali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_alphabets" title="Fula alphabets">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesotho_orthography" title="Sesotho orthography">Sotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_scripts" title="Okinawan scripts">Okinawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Chinese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dungan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungan alphabet">Dungan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems" title="Mongolian writing systems">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_alphabets" title="Nivkh alphabets">Nivkh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_orthography" title="Filipino orthography">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_alphabet" title="Hawaiian alphabet">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_orthography" title="Malay orthography">Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Algic_languages" title="Algic languages">Algic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusett_writing_systems" title="Massachusett writing systems">Massachusett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl_orthography" title="Nahuatl orthography">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Creole alphabet">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papiamento_orthography" title="Papiamento orthography">Papiamento</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">Esperanto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Serbia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Serbia_topics" title="Template:Serbia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Serbia_topics" title="Template talk:Serbia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Serbia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Serbia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Serbia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Serbia" title="Outline of Serbia">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Serbian_history" title="Timeline of Serbian history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Serbia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Roman times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Grand Principality of Serbia">Grand Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Moravian Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Despotate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(1718%E2%80%931739)" title="Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)">Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">History of modern Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Serbia" title="Revolutionary Serbia">Revolutionary Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia_after_1918" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Serbia after 1918">Since 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">German occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Nedić's regime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Socialist Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Federal Republic (1992–2006)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitals_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitals of Serbia">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Serbia" title="Demographic history of Serbia">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Serbia" title="LGBT history in Serbia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Serbia" title="Military history of Serbia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of the Serbs">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Serbia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Serbia">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Serbia" title="List of caves in Serbia">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Serbia" title="Climate of Serbia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Serbia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Serbia" title="List of rivers of Serbia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swamps_in_Serbia" title="List of swamps in Serbia">Swamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Serbia" title="Geology of Serbia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Serbia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Serbia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Serbia" title="Fauna of Serbia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Serbia" title="List of islands of Serbia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Serbia" title="List of lakes of Serbia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Serbia" title="List of mountains in Serbia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfalls_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfalls of Serbia">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governance of Serbia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Serbia" title="Administrative divisions of Serbia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Serbia" title="Constitution of Serbia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Serbia" title="Elections in Serbia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Serbia" title="Government of Serbia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Serbia" title="Human rights in Serbia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Serbia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Serbia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Armed_Forces" title="Serbian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_General_Staff" title="Serbian General Staff">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Serbian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Serbian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Serbia" title="President of the National Assembly of Serbia">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Serbia" title="List of political parties in Serbia">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Serbia" title="Economy of Serbia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Serbia" title="Banking in Serbia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Serbia" title="National Bank of Serbia">National Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_national_banks_of_Serbia_and_Yugoslavia" title="List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_dinar" title="Serbian dinar">Dinar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Serbia" title="Healthcare in Serbia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_Serbia" title="Insurance in Serbia">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Serbia" title="Taxation in Serbia">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Serbia" title="Agriculture in Serbia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Serbia" title="Automotive industry in Serbia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Serbia" title="List of companies of Serbia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Serbia" title="Energy in Serbia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestry in Serbia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Serbia" title="Telecommunications in Serbia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Serbia" title="Tourism in Serbia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Serbia" title="Transport in Serbia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Serbia" title="List of shopping malls in Serbia">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Serbia" title="List of supermarket chains in Serbia">Supermarkets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Serbia" title="Category:Society of Serbia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Serbia" title="Crime in Serbia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Serbia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="People of Serbia">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Serbia" title="Culture of Serbia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Serbia" title="Architecture of Serbia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_art" title="Serbian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian clan">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Serbia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_national_identity" title="Serbian national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Heritage_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Heritage of Serbia">Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Serbian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Serbia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian names">Naming culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Serbia" title="Public holidays in Serbia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Serbia" title="National symbols of Serbia">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Serbia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Serbia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Serbia" title="Demographics of Serbia">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Serbia" title="List of people from Serbia">Notable people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_actors" title="List of Serbian actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_architects" title="List of Serbian architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Serbian inventions and discoveries">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_musicians" title="List of Serbian musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_sportspeople" title="List of Serbian sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Serbia" title="Christianity in Serbia">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_Serbian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Serbia">Roman Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Serbia" title="Protestantism in Serbia">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism in Serbia">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Serbia" title="Islam in Serbia">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Judaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Serbia" title="Sport in Serbia">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Federations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_Federation_of_Serbia" title="Basketball Federation of Serbia">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_Federation_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Federation of Serbia">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball_Federation_of_Serbia" title="Handball Federation of Serbia">Handball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_League_of_Serbia" title="Basketball League of Serbia">Basketball superleague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Serbia" title="Football in Serbia">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_at_the_Olympics" title="Serbia at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Serbia" title="Outline of Serbia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Serbia" title="Outline of Serbia">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serbia" title="Category:Serbia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Serbia" title="Portal:Serbia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Serbian_literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Serbian_literature" title="Template:Serbian literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Serbian_literature" title="Template talk:Serbian literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Serbian_literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Serbian literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Serbian_literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Serbian literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History of Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kosovo" title="History of Kosovo">History of Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vojvodina" title="History of Vojvodina">History of Vojvodina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Republika_Srpska" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Republika Srpska">History of Republika Srpska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Serbian_literature" title="Medieval Serbian literature">Medieval Serbian literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Gospel" title="Miroslav Gospel">Miroslav Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Ban_Kulin" title="Charter of Ban Kulin">Charter of Ban Kulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srbulja" title="Srbulja">Srbulja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Chancellery_in_Dubrovnik" title="Serbian Chancellery in Dubrovnik">Serbian Chancellery in Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb-Catholic_movement_in_Dubrovnik" title="Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik">Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_poetry" title="Serbian poetry">Serbian poetry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_epic_poetry" title="Serbian epic poetry">Serbian epic poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_studies" title="Slavic studies">Slavic studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Literary_Guild" title="Serbian Literary Guild">Serbian Literary Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Writers_of_Serbia" title="Association of Writers of Serbia">Association of Writers of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adligat" title="Adligat">Adligat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Book_Fair" title="Belgrade Book Fair">Belgrade Book Fair</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Miroslavs_Gospel.jpg/100px-Miroslavs_Gospel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Miroslavs_Gospel.jpg/150px-Miroslavs_Gospel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Miroslavs_Gospel.jpg/200px-Miroslavs_Gospel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="432" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_the_First-Crowned" title="Stefan the First-Crowned">Stefan the First-Crowned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava" title="Saint Sava">Saint Sava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domentijan" title="Domentijan">Domentijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodosije_the_Hilandarian" title="Teodosije the Hilandarian">Teodosije the Hilandarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakov_of_Serres" title="Jakov of Serres">Jakov of Serres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefrem_(patriarch)" title="Jefrem (patriarch)">Patriarch Jefrem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_II,_Serbian_Archbishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Danilo II, Serbian Archbishop">Danilo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_of_Lesnovo" title="Stanislav of Lesnovo">Stanislav of Lesnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Milica_of_Serbia" title="Princess Milica of Serbia">Princess Milica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefimija" title="Jefimija">Jefimija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelena_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Jelena Balšić">Jelena Balšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Lazarevi%C4%87" title="Stefan Lazarević">Stefan Lazarević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Konstantin Mihailović">Konstantin Mihailović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Segon" title="Martin Segon">Segon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Kantakouzenos" title="Demetrius Kantakouzenos">Kantakouzenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_the_Serb" title="Pachomius the Serb">Pachomius the Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitar_of_Kratovo" title="Dimitar of Kratovo">Dimitar of Kratovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_the_Grammarian" title="Vladislav the Grammarian">Vladislav the Grammarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieromonk_Makarije" title="Hieromonk Makarije">Hieromonk Makarije</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bona_de_Boliris" title="Giovanni Bona de Boliris">de Boliris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajsije_of_Janjevo" title="Pajsije of Janjevo">Pajsije of Janjevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrija_Zmajevi%C4%87" title="Andrija Zmajević"> Zmajević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenije_III_%C4%8Carnojevi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenije III Čarnojević">Arsenije III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Brankovi%C4%87_(count)" title="Đorđe Branković (count)">Branković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_Stefanovi%C4%87_Venclovi%C4%87" title="Gavrilo Stefanović Venclović">Stefanović Venclović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Koza%C4%8Dinski" title="Emanuel Kozačinski">Kozačinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasilije_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Vasilije Petrović">Vasilije Petrović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristofor_%C5%BDefarovi%C4%87" title="Hristofor Žefarović">Žefarović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Raji%C4%87" title="Jovan Rajić">Rajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaharije_Orfelin" title="Zaharije Orfelin">Orfelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavle_Julinac" title="Pavle Julinac">Julinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Pi%C5%A1%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Simeon Piščević">Piščević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Dositej Obradović">Obradović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar I Petrović-Njegoš">Petar I Petrović-Njegoš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C4%87entije_Raki%C4%87" title="Vićentije Rakić">Vićentije Rakić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Zannowich" title="Stefano Zannowich">Zannowich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasim_Zeli%C4%87" title="Gerasim Zelić">Zelić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksije_Vezili%C4%87" title="Aleksije Vezilić">Vezlić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avram_Mileti%C4%87" title="Avram Miletić">Miletić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuilo_Jankovi%C4%87" title="Emanuilo Janković">Janković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joakim_Vuji%C4%87" title="Joakim Vujić">Vujić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atanasije_Stojkovi%C4%87" title="Atanasije Stojković">Stojković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavle_Solari%C4%87" title="Pavle Solarić">Solarić</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Do%C5%A1enovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Došenović">Došenović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukijan_Mu%C5%A1icki" title="Lukijan Mušicki">Mušicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matija_Nenadovi%C4%87" title="Matija Nenadović">Nenadović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milovan_Vidakovi%C4%87" title="Milovan Vidaković">Vidaković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuk_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Vuk Karadžić">Karadžić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Milutinovi%C4%87_Sarajlija" title="Sima Milutinović Sarajlija">Milutinović Sarajlija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Sterija_Popovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Sterija Popović">Sterija Popović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milorad_Popovi%C4%87_%C5%A0ap%C4%8Danin" title="Milorad Popović Šapčanin">Popović Šapčanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Markovi%C4%87_Koder" title="Đorđe Marković Koder">Marković Koder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Petar II Petrović-Njegoš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Suboti%C4%87" title="Jovan Subotić">Subotić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakov_Ignjatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Ignjatović">Ignjatović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mitrov_Ljubi%C5%A1a" title="Stjepan Mitrov Ljubiša">Ljubiša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_Radi%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Branko Radičević">Radičević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Ili%C4%87" title="Jovan Ilić">J. Ilić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milica_Stojadinovi%C4%87-Srpkinja" title="Milica Stojadinović-Srpkinja">Stojadnović-Srpkinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubomir_Nenadovi%C4%87" title="Ljubomir Nenadović">Nenadović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stojan_Novakovi%C4%87" title="Stojan Novaković">Novaković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Jakšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Mili%C4%87evi%C4%87" title="Milan Milićević">Milićević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marko_Miljanov" title="Marko Miljanov">Miljanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Jovanovi%C4%87_Zmaj" title="Jovan Jovanović Zmaj">Jovanović Zmaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Komar%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Lazar Komarčić">Komarčić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laza_Kosti%C4%87" title="Laza Kostić">Kostić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosta_Trifkovi%C4%87" title="Kosta Trifković">Trifković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milovan_Gli%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Milovan Glišić">Glišić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laza_Lazarevi%C4%87" title="Laza Lazarević">Lazarević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simo_Matavulj" title="Simo Matavulj">Matavulj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Sremac" title="Stevan Sremac">Sremac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Vojnovi%C4%87" title="Ivo Vojnović">Vojnović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojislav_Ili%C4%87" title="Vojislav Ilić">V. Ilić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragutin_Ili%C4%87" title="Dragutin Ilić">D. Ilić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janko_Veselinovi%C4%87_(writer)" title="Janko Veselinović (writer)">Veselinović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksa_%C5%A0anti%C4%87" title="Aleksa Šantić">Šantić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_%C4%86ipiko" title="Ivo Ćipiko">Ćipiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radoje_Domanovi%C4%87" title="Radoje Domanović">Domanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetozar_%C4%86orovi%C4%87" title="Svetozar Ćorović">Ćorović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borisav_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Borisav Stanković">Stanković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Branislav_Nu%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Branislav Nušić">Nušić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Jovanović">Slobodan Jovanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Du%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Jovan Dučić">Dučić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Raki%C4%87" title="Milan Rakić">Milan Rakić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidora_Sekuli%C4%87" title="Isidora Sekulić">Sekulić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Ko%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Petar Kočić">Kočić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Skerli%C4%87" title="Jovan Skerlić">Skerlić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Petkovi%C4%87_Dis" title="Vladislav Petković Dis">Petković Dis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Pandurovi%C4%87" title="Sima Pandurović">Pandurović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milutin_Uskokovi%C4%87" title="Milutin Uskoković">Uskoković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragi%C5%A1a_Vasi%C4%87" title="Dragiša Vasić">Vasić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Jakovljevi%C4%87" title="Stevan Jakovljević">Jakovljević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Vinaver" title="Stanislav Vinaver">Vinaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milutin_Boji%C4%87" title="Milutin Bojić">Bojić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Andrić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Crnjanski" title="Miloš Crnjanski">Crnjanski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Nastasijevi%C4%87" title="Momčilo Nastasijević">Nastasijević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Ka%C5%A1anin" title="Milan Kašanin">Kašanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubomir_Mici%C4%87" title="Ljubomir Micić">Micić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastko_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Rastko Petrović">Rastko Petrović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desanka_Maksimovi%C4%87" title="Desanka Maksimović">Maksimović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_Drainac" title="Rade Drainac">Drainac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Vasiljev" title="Dušan Vasiljev">Vasiljev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladan_Desnica" title="Vladan Desnica">Desnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Davi%C4%8Do" title="Oskar Davičo">Davičo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C5%A1a_Selimovi%C4%87" title="Meša Selimović">Selimović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorije_Vitez" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigorije Vitez">Vitez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milovan_Danojli%C4%87" title="Milovan Danojlić">Danojlić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milovan_Djilas" title="Milovan Djilas">Đilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonije_%C4%90uri%C4%87" title="Antonije Đurić">Đurić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihailo_Lali%C4%87" title="Mihailo Lalić">Lalić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_%C4%86opi%C4%87" title="Branko Ćopić">Ćopić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrica_%C4%86osi%C4%87" title="Dobrica Ćosić">Dobrica Ćosić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasko_Popa" title="Vasko Popa">Popa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borislav_Mihajlovi%C4%87_Mihiz" title="Borislav Mihajlović Mihiz">Mihajlović Mihiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonije_Isakovi%C4%87" title="Antonije Isaković">Isaković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dejan_Medakovi%C4%87" title="Dejan Medaković">Medaković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grozdana_Oluji%C4%87" title="Grozdana Olujić">Olujić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Radovi%C4%87" title="Duško Radović">Radović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Ti%C5%A1ma" title="Aleksandar Tišma">Tišma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira_Ale%C4%8Dkovi%C4%87" title="Mira Alečković">Alečković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomir_Konstantinovi%C4%87" title="Radomir Konstantinović">Konstatinović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Rai%C4%8Dkovi%C4%87" title="Stevan Raičković">Raičković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miodrag_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Miodrag Pavlović">Miodrag Pavlović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milorad_Pavi%C4%87" title="Milorad Pavić">Pavić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Popovi%C4%87_(writer)" title="Aleksandar Popović (writer)">Aleksandar Popović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borislav_Peki%C4%87" title="Borislav Pekić">Pekić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miodrag_Bulatovi%C4%87" title="Miodrag Bulatović">Bulatović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_V._Lali%C4%87" title="Ivan V. Lalić">Ivan V. Lalić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_%C4%86irilov" title="Jovan Ćirilov">Ćirilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mika_Anti%C4%87" title="Mika Antić">Antić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora_%C4%86osi%C4%87" title="Bora Ćosić">Bora Ćosić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Velmar-Jankovi%C4%87" title="Svetlana Velmar-Janković">Velmar-Janković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branislav_Crn%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Branislav Crnčević">Crnčević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivojin_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Živojin Pavlović">Živojin Pavlović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Seleni%C4%87" title="Slobodan Selenić">Selenić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Trifunovi%C4%87" title="Duško Trifunović">Trifunović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_Miljkovi%C4%87" title="Branko Miljković">Miljković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_Ki%C5%A1" title="Danilo Kiš">Kiš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrica_Eri%C4%87" title="Dobrica Erić">Erić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momo_Kapor" title="Momo Kapor">Kapor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bla%C5%BEo_%C5%A0%C4%87epanovi%C4%87" title="Blažo Šćepanović">Blažo Šćepanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branimir_%C5%A0%C4%87epanovi%C4%87" title="Branimir Šćepanović">Branimir Šćepanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Mili%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Milan Milišić">Milišić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajko_Petrov_Nogo" title="Rajko Petrov Nogo">Nogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Josi%C4%87_Vi%C5%A1nji%C4%87" title="Miroslav Josić Višnjić">Josić Višnjić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novica_Tadi%C4%87" title="Novica Tadić">Tadić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milovan_Vitezovi%C4%87" title="Milovan Vitezović">Vitezović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragoslav_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Dragoslav Mihailović">Dragoslav Mihailović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Albahari" title="David Albahari">Albahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goran_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Goran Petrović">Goran Petrović</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Bajac" title="Vladislav Bajac">Bajac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetislav_Basara" title="Svetislav Basara">Basara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matija_Be%C4%87kovi%C4%87" title="Matija Bećković">Bećković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filip_David" title="Filip David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuk_Dra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Vuk Drašković">Drašković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gojko_%C4%90ogo" title="Gojko Đogo">Đogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Gatalica" title="Aleksandar Gatalica">Gatalica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljiljana_Habjanovi%C4%87_%C4%90urovi%C4%87" title="Ljiljana Habjanović Đurović">Habjanović Đurović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Dušan Kovačević">Dušan Kovačević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sini%C5%A1a_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Siniša Kovačević">Siniša Kovačević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelena_Lengold" title="Jelena Lengold">Lengold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladan_Matijevi%C4%87" title="Vladan Matijević">Matijević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vida_Ognjenovi%C4%87" title="Vida Ognjenović">Ognjenović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radoslav_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Radoslav Pavlović">Pavlović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Pi%C5%A1talo" title="Vladimir Pištalo">Pištalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubivoje_R%C5%A1umovi%C4%87" title="Ljubivoje Ršumović">Ršumović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milisav_Savi%C4%87" title="Milisav Savić">Savić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubomir_Simovi%C4%87" title="Ljubomir Simović">Simović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidosav_Stevanovi%C4%87" title="Vidosav Stevanović">Stevanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biljana_Srbljanovi%C4%87" title="Biljana Srbljanović">Srbljanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uglje%C5%A1a_%C5%A0ajtinac" title="Uglješa Šajtinac">Šajtinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragan_Veliki%C4%87" title="Dragan Velikić">Velikić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_Zubac" title="Pero Zubac">Zubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoran_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87_(writer)" title="Zoran Živković (writer)">Živković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NIN_Award" title="NIN Award">NIN Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidora_Sekuli%C4%87_Award" title="Isidora Sekulić Award">Isidora Sekulić Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slavic_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slavic_languages" title="Template:Slavic languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slavic_languages" title="Template talk:Slavic languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slavic_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Slavic_languages" title="History of the Slavic languages">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Balto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Balto-Slavic language">Proto-Balto-Slavic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Proto-Slavic" title="History of Proto-Slavic">Up to Proto-Slavic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Slavic language">Proto-Slavic</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_accent" title="Proto-Slavic accent">Accent</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic script</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Slavic_languages" title="History of the Slavic languages">Modern languages</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Slavic_languages" title="East Slavic languages">East Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_speech" title="Simple speech">Simple speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic" title="Old East Slavic">Old East Slavic</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Novgorod_dialect" title="Old Novgorod dialect">Old Novgorodian</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_language" title="Ruthenian language">Ruthenian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_dialects" title="Russian dialects">dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Russian" title="Alaskan Russian">Alaskan Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukhobor_Russian" title="Doukhobor Russian">Doukhobor Russian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Rusyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dialects" title="Ukrainian dialects">dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Ukrainian" title="Canadian Ukrainian">Canadian Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_speech" title="Simple speech">Simple speech</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Slavic" title="Eastern South Slavic">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages#Transitional_South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">Transitional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Torlakian dialect">Torlakian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_South_Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western South Slavic">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carantanians#Language" title="Carantanians">Alpine Slavic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect" title="Slavomolisano dialect">Slavomolisano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Czech%E2%80%93Slovak_languages" title="Czech–Slovak languages">Czech-Slovak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Czech_language" title="Biblical Czech language">Biblical Czech</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_language" title="Czechoslovak language">Czechoslovak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_dialects" title="Moravian dialects">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">White Croatian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese_Slovak" title="Camaldolese Slovak">Camaldolese Slovak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slovak_dialects" title="Eastern Slovak dialects">Eastern Slovak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn" title="Pannonian Rusyn">Pannonian Rusyn</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lechitic_languages" title="Lechitic languages">Lechitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>East Lechitic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masurian_dialects" title="Masurian dialects">Masurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish dialects">dialects</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Polish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Polish language">Old Polish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Polish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Polish language">Middle Polish</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_language" title="Silesian language">Silesian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lach_dialects" title="Lach dialects">Lach</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_language" title="Pomeranian language">Pomeranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincian_language" title="Slovincian language">Slovincian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lechitic_dialects" title="West Lechitic dialects">West Lechitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcho-Magdeburgian_dialect" title="Marcho-Magdeburgian dialect">Marcho-Magdeburgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polabian_language" title="Polabian language">Polabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_dialect" title="Rani dialect">Rani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schleifer_dialect" title="Schleifer dialect">Schleifer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_microlanguages" title="Slavic microlanguages">Microlanguages</a> <br />and dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Slavic_languages" title="East Slavic languages">East Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Carpathian Rusyn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemkos#Language" title="Lemkos">Lemko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlachian_language" title="Podlachian language">Podlachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Polesian" title="West Polesian">West Polesian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_dialect" title="Banat Bulgarian dialect">Banat Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakavian" title="Chakavian">Chakavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgenland_Croatian" title="Burgenland Croatian">Burgenland Croatian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajkavian" title="Kajkavian">Kajkavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomak_language" title="Pomak language">Pomak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmurje_Slovene" title="Prekmurje Slovene">Prekmurje Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resian_dialect" title="Resian dialect">Resian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect" title="Slavomolisano dialect">Slavomolisano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunjevac_dialect" title="Bunjevac dialect">Bunjevac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_dialects_of_Greece" title="Slavic dialects of Greece">Slavic dialects of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slovak_dialects" title="Eastern Slovak dialects">Eastern Slovak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn" title="Pannonian Rusyn">Pannonian Rusyn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goral_ethnolect" title="Goral ethnolect">Goral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_language" title="Silesian language">Silesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesian_dialect" title="Cieszyn Silesian dialect">Cieszyn Silesian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balachka" title="Balachka">Balachka</a></li> <li><i>20th century <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Romani" title="Bohemian Romani">Bohemian Romani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyakhta_Russian%E2%80%93Chinese_Pidgin" title="Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin">Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mednyj_Aleut_language" title="Mednyj Aleut language">Mednyj Aleut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponaschemu" title="Ponaschemu">Ponaschemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-Russian_macaronic_language" title="German-Russian macaronic language">Quelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Serbian_language" title="Romano-Serbian language">Romano-Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runglish" title="Runglish">Runglish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solombala_English" title="Solombala English">Solombala English</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taimyr_Pidgin_Russian" title="Taimyr Pidgin Russian">Taimyr Pidgin Russian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" title="Pan-Slavic language">Pan-Slavic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydnevi" title="Lydnevi">Lydnevi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Army_Slavic" title="Army Slavic">Army Slavic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slavonic-Serbian" title="Slavonic-Serbian">Slavonic-Serbian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_first_palatalization" title="Slavic first palatalization">Slavic first palatalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_second_palatalization" title="Slavic second palatalization">Slavic second palatalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_liquid_metathesis_and_pleophony" title="Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony">Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophthongization_of_diphthongs_in_Proto-Slavic" title="Monophthongization of diphthongs in Proto-Slavic">Monophthongization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dybo%27s_law" title="Dybo's law">Dybo's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havl%C3%ADk%27s_law" title="Havlík's law">Havlík's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirt%27s_law" title="Hirt's law">Hirt's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illi%C4%8D-Svity%C4%8D%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Illič-Svityč's law">Illič-Svityč's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iv%C5%A1i%C4%87%27s_law" title="Ivšić's law">Ivšić's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meillet%27s_law" title="Meillet's law">Meillet's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedersen%27s_law" title="Pedersen's law">Pedersen's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruki_sound_law" title="Ruki sound law">Ruki sound law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wijk%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Wijk's law">Van Wijk's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter%27s_law" title="Winter's law">Winter's law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Serbia&#124;link=Serbia_Languages_of_Serbia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Serbia" title="Template:Languages of Serbia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Serbia" title="Template talk:Languages of Serbia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Serbia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Serbia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Serbia&#124;link=Serbia_Languages_of_Serbia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Languages of Serbia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language_in_Serbia" title="Romanian language in Serbia">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Rusyn language">Rusyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Template:Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Template talk:Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vlax_Romani_language" title="Vlax Romani language">Vlax Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Croatia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Croatia" title="Template:Languages of Croatia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Croatia" title="Template talk:Languages of Croatia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Croatia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Croatia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Croatia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Croatia">Languages of Croatia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Rusyn language">Pannonian Rusyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See Also: <a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Croatia" title="Minority languages of 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