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class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Anti-Grain_Geometry" title="Special:EditPage/Anti-Grain Geometry">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Anti-Grain+Geometry%22">"Anti-Grain Geometry"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Anti-Grain+Geometry%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Anti-Grain+Geometry%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Anti-Grain+Geometry%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Anti-Grain+Geometry%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Anti-Grain+Geometry%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Anti-Grain Geometry</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Maxim Shemanarev</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.5.0 / October 1, 2006<span class="noprint">; 18 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2006-10-01</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Graphics_library" title="Graphics library">Graphics library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agg.sourceforge.net/antigrain.com/index.html">agg<wbr />.sourceforge<wbr />.net<wbr />/antigrain<wbr />.com<wbr />/index<wbr />.html</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574671?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anti-Grain Geometry</b> (<b>AGG</b>) is a 2D rendering <a href="/wiki/Graphics_library" title="Graphics library">graphics library</a> written in <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>. It features <a href="/wiki/Spatial_anti-aliasing" title="Spatial anti-aliasing">anti-aliasing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-pixel_resolution" title="Sub-pixel resolution">sub-pixel resolution</a>. It is not a graphics library, per se, but rather a framework to build a graphics library upon. </p><p>The library is <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">operating system independent</a> and renders to an abstract memory object. It comes with examples interfaced to the <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, <a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simple_DirectMedia_Layer" title="Simple DirectMedia Layer">SDL</a>. The examples also include an <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> viewer. </p><p>The design of AGG uses C++ templates only at a very high level, rather than extensively, to achieve the flexibility to plug custom classes into the rendering pipeline, without requiring a rigid class hierarchy, and allows the compiler to inline many of the method calls for high performance. For a library of its complexity, it is remarkably lightweight: it has no dependencies above the standard C++ libraries and it avoids the <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B_STL" class="mw-redirect" title="C++ STL">C++ STL</a> in the implementation of the basic algorithms. The implicit interfaces are not well documented, however, and this can make the learning process quite cumbersome. </p><p>While AGG version 2.5 is licensed under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>, version 2 or greater, AGG version 2.4 is still available under the <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">3-clause BSD license</a> and is virtually the same as version 2.5. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Grain_Geometry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Active development of the AGG codebase stalled in 2006, around the time of the v2.5 release, due to shifting priorities of its main developer and maintainer Maxim Shemanarev. M. Shemanarev remained active in the community until his sudden death in 2013. Development has continued on a fork of the more liberally licensed v2.4 on SourceForge.net.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Grain_Geometry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)" title="Haiku (operating system)">Haiku operating system</a> uses AGG in its windowing system.</li> <li>It is one of the renderers available for use in <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gnash_(software)" title="Gnash (software)">Gnash</a> Flash player.</li> <li>Graphical version of <a href="/wiki/Rebol" title="Rebol">Rebol</a> language interpreter is using AGG for scalable vector graphics DRAW dialect.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilti" title="Hilti">Hilti</a> uses it in some of their rebar detection tools, like the PS 1000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matplotlib" title="Matplotlib">Matplotlib</a> uses AGG as its canonical renderer for interactive user interfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FpGUI" title="FpGUI">fpGUI Toolkit</a> has an optional AggPas back-end rendering engine.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work is being done to make AggPas the default or sole rendering engine for fpGUI.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapnik" title="Mapnik">Mapnik</a>, the toolkit that renders the maps on the <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a> website, uses AGG for all its map rendering.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>HTTPhotos uses AGG to scale photos.</li> <li>Pdfium, the PDF rendering engine used by <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> makes use of AGG,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although work is progressing to replace this with <a href="/wiki/Skia_Graphics_Engine" title="Skia Graphics Engine">Skia Graphics Engine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Graphics Mill, the .NET imaging SDK uses AGG as its drawing engine.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FL_Studio" title="FL Studio">Image-Line FL Studio</a>, a digital audio workstation, since version 10.8 released on September 30, 2012, uses AGG for drawing.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Instruments" title="Native Instruments">Native Instruments</a>'s Supercharger and Supercharger GT compressors use AGG for its user interface.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Author">Author</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Grain_Geometry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Author"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main author of the library was Maxim Shemanarev (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Максим Шеманарёв</span>). On November 26, 2013 Shemanarev (born June 15, 1966, <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Russia) was reported dead at the age of 47 at his home in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland" title="Columbia, Maryland">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> (US). He died suddenly, allegedly from an epileptic <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizure</a> that he had suffered for a while.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a graduate from <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_State_Technical_University" title="Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University">Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University</a>. Little is known about his personal life. It's known though that he was divorced and his mother was alive at the time of his death. He used to love <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a> (in Colorado), and <a href="/wiki/Inline_skating" title="Inline skating">inline skating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was praised by his friends for his intelligent programming skills.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Grain_Geometry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The information is primarily sourced from a Russian online forum RSDN he used to visit and his personal page in <a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VKontakte</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As it's evidenced from some videos he has published on YouTube in March of 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Grain_Geometry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/agg">"Anti-Grain Geometry Library"</a>. 28 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-Grain+Geometry+Library&rft.date=2021-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fagg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Grain+Geometry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vector-agg-general.narkive.com&rft.atitle=R.I.P.+Maxim+Shemanarev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvector-agg-general.narkive.com%2F1wMI33Jj%2Fr-i-p-maxim-shemanarev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Grain+Geometry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Grain_Geometry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/agg/">Updated fork of v2.4</a> that maintains the original BSD license.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ghaerr/agg-2.6/">Updated fork of v2.6 on GitHub</a> that maintains the original BSD license.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/MatterHackers/agg-sharp">agg-sharp</a> Is a c# port of the c++ library.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crossgl.com/aggpas/">AggPas</a> is an Object Pascal port of the c++ library.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/aggpasmod">AggPasMod</a> is a modernized Object Pascal port of the c++ library.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotmorten/AntiGrainRT">AntiGrainRT</a> is a WinRT wrapper for Windows Store and Windows Phone.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Grain_Geometry&oldid=1255088085">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Grain_Geometry&oldid=1255088085</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-aliasing" title="Category:Anti-aliasing">Anti-aliasing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_graphic_artifacts" title="Category:Computer graphic artifacts">Computer graphic artifacts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Graphics_software" title="Category:Graphics software">Graphics software</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2008" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2008">Articles needing additional references from October 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 November 2024, at 02:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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