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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Initium</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Periodi_chemica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodi_chemica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Periodi chemica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodi_chemica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Periodus (systema periodicum)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_(periodieke_tabel)" title="Periode (periodieke tabel) – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Periode (periodieke tabel)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_d%27a_tabla_periodica" title="Periodo d'a tabla periodica – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Periodo d'a tabla periodica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="आवर्त सारणी आवर्त – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आवर्त सारणी आवर्त" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="دورة (جدول دوري) – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دورة (جدول دوري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodu_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Periodu de la tabla periódica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periodu de la tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vri_c%C9%99dv%C9%99l_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Dövri cədvəl dövrü – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövri cədvəl dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_(tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik)" title="Période (tabél périodik) – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Période (tabél périodik)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Перыяд перыядычнай сістэмы – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыяд перыядычнай сістэмы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Период на периодичната система – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Период на периодичната система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF)" title="পর্যায় (পর্যায় সারণি) – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যায় (পর্যায় সারণি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trovezh_(taolenn_drovezhiek)" title="Trovezh (taolenn drovezhiek) – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trovezh (taolenn drovezhiek)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_de_la_taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Període de la taula periòdica – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període de la taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_(periodick%C3%A1_tabulka)" title="Perioda (periodická tabulka) – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perioda (periodická tabulka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8)" title="Период (хими) – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Период (хими)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfnod_y_tabl_cyfnodol" title="Cyfnod y tabl cyfnodol – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfnod y tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_(periodiske_system)" title="Periode (periodiske system) – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Periode (periodiske system)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Periode des Periodensystems" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1)" title="Περίοδος (περιοδικού πίνακα) – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περίοδος (περιοδικού πίνακα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table) – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Period (periodic table)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_de_la_perioda_tabelo" title="Periodo de la perioda tabelo – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Periodo de la perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Periodo de la tabla periódica – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Periodo de la tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periood_(keemia)" title="Periood (keemia) – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Periood (keemia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoko_periodo" title="Taula periodikoko periodo – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taula periodikoko periodo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C)" title="دوره (جدول تناوبی) – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره (جدول تناوبی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakso_(jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)" title="Jakso (jaksollinen järjestelmä) – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jakso (jaksollinen järjestelmä)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période du tableau périodique – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Période du tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioade_(Skiekunde)" title="Perioade (Skiekunde) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perioade (Skiekunde)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_da_t%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Período da táboa periódica – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Período da táboa periódica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מחזור (כימיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחזור (כימיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80)" title="आवर्त (आवर्त सारणी) – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवर्त (आवर्त सारणी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sustava" title="Perioda periodnog sustava – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perioda periodnog sustava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pery%C3%B2d_(chimi)" title="Peryòd (chimi) – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Peryòd (chimi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszerbeli_peri%C3%B3dus" title="Periódusos rendszerbeli periódus – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Periódusos rendszerbeli periódus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Պարբերություն (քիմիա) – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերություն (քիմիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodos_del_tabella_periodic" title="Periodos del tabella periodic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Periodos del tabella periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_tabel_periodik" title="Periode tabel periodik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Periode tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lota_(lotukerfi%C3%B0)" title="Lota (lotukerfið) – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lota (lotukerfið)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Periodo della tavola periodica – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo della tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E3%81%AE%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素の周期 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="元素の周期" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_tab%C3%A8l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Période tabèl périodik – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Période tabèl périodik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90)" title="პერიოდი (პერიოდული სისტემა) – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერიოდი (პერიოდული სისტემა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_(%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C)" title="주기 (주기율표) – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주기 (주기율표)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_de_la_taola_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Period de la taola periòdica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Period de la taola periòdica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodisk%C4%81s_tabulas_periods" title="Periodiskās tabulas periods – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Periodiskās tabulas periods" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Периода (периоден систем) – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Периода (периоден систем)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="പീരീഡ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക) – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പീരീഡ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Үелэх системийн үе – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх системийн үе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala_jadual_berkala" title="Kala jadual berkala – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kala jadual berkala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periood_(Chemie)" title="Periood (Chemie) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Periood (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_(scheikunde)" title="Periode (scheikunde) – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Periode (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodane_i_periodesystemet" title="Periodane i periodesystemet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Periodane i periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemets_perioder" title="Periodesystemets perioder – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemets perioder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_(%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80)" title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ) – Orissensis" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orissensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A1_(%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਪੀਰੀਅਡ (ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ) – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀਰੀਅਡ (ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período (química) – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período (química)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_(tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor)" title="Perioadă (tabelul periodic al elementelor) – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perioadă (tabelul periodic al elementelor)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Период (химия) – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Период (химия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Period (periodic table)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3da_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Perióda (periodická tabuľka) – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perióda (periodická tabuľka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_periodnega_sistema" title="Perioda periodnega sistema – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perioda periodnega sistema" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1i%C4%91u_(r%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h)" title="Ráiđu (ráiđulâš vuáhádâh) – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ráiđu (ráiđulâš vuáhádâh)" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walxaha" title="Walxaha – Somalica" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Walxaha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Периода (периодни систем) – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периода (периодни систем)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Periode tabél periodik – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Periode tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemets_perioder" title="Periodiska systemets perioder – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemets perioder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88)" title="கிடை வரிசை (தனிம அட்டவணை) – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிடை வரிசை (தனிம அட்டவணை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95)" title="పీరియడ్ (ఆవర్తన పట్టిక) – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పీరియడ్ (ఆవర్తన పట్టిక)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91)" title="Давра (кимиё) – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Давра (кимиё)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)" title="คาบ (ตารางธาตุ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาบ (ตารางธาตุ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyot_(periyodik_tablo)" title="Periyot (periyodik tablo) – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Periyot (periyodik tablo)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Період періодичної системи – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Період періодичної системи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84)" title="دور (دوری جدول) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دور (دوری جدول)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Chu kỳ (bảng tuần hoàn) – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chu kỳ (bảng tuần hoàn)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_(periodiek_syst%C3%A8me)" title="Periode (periodiek système) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Periode (periodiek système)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodo_(taramdan_peryodika)" title="Peryodo (taramdan peryodika) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Peryodo (taramdan peryodika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元素周期" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元素周期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-s%C3%B2%CD%98_%C3%AA_chiu-k%C3%AE" title="Goân-sò͘ ê chiu-kî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-sò͘ ê chiu-kî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F_(%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8)" title="週期 (元素週期表) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="週期 (元素週期表)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101843#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia 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data-file-width="679" data-file-height="655" /></a></span> -3 <small>(maximum dubium)</small> <i><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Latinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicipaedia:Latinitas">Latinitas</a> huius rei maxime dubia est. Corrige si potes. Vide {{<a href="/wiki/Formula:Latinitas" title="Formula:Latinitas">latinitas</a>}}.</i></div> <p><b>Periodus</b> est ordo horizontalis in tabula <a href="/wiki/Systema_Periodicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Systema Periodicum">systematis periodici</a> <a href="/wiki/Elementum_chemicum" title="Elementum chemicum">elementorum chemicalium</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nomen_proprium" title="Nomen proprium">Nomen</a> est ab repetitione periodica <a href="/wiki/Proprietas" class="mw-disambig" title="Proprietas">proprietatum</a> elementorum. Omne elementum chemicum in quodam horum habet <a href="/wiki/Numerus" title="Numerus">numerum</a> aequalem <a href="/wiki/Tegimen_electronicum" title="Tegimen electronicum">tegminum electronicorum</a>. Elementum omne habet unum <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electronem</a> plus quam elementum precedens et unum minus quam elementum sequens et minus <a href="/wiki/Metallum" title="Metallum">metallicum</a> quam precedens est. </p><p>Hoc modo ordinatu, elementa in aequale <a href="/wiki/Grex_(systema_periodicum)" title="Grex (systema periodicum)">grege</a> (columna) similes proprietates chemicas et periodicas habent. Quod sequitur lex periodica. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg/500px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg/960px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Systema_periodicum" title="Systema periodicum">systemate periodico</a> elementorum, omnis riga numerata periodus est.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hoc modo ordinatu, elementa in identicum <a href="/wiki/Grex_(systema_periodicum)" title="Grex (systema periodicum)">grex</a> (columna) similes proprietates chemicae et periodicae habunt. Quod sequitur lex periodica. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mechanica_quantica" title="Mechanica quantica">Mechanica quantica</a> moderna explicat haec tendentiae periodicae ut proprietates tegminum electronicorum. Dum <a href="/wiki/Numerus_atomicus" title="Numerus atomicus">numerus atomicus</a> augmentat, <a href="/wiki/Tegimen_electronicum" title="Tegimen electronicum">tegmina electronica</a> se empiunt electronibus circiter ordine monstrato a diagrammā. </p><p>In portione <i>s</i> et <i>p</i> systematis, elementa in medesimo periodo generaliter identicae tendentiae et similaritates proprietatum non demonstrant (tendentiae verticalia in gregibus importantiorae sunt). Attamen, in portione <i>d</i>, tendentiae per periodes importanti fiunt, et in portione <i>f</i> elementa magna similitas per periodes. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Madelung_rule.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Madelung_rule.svg/350px-Madelung_rule.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Madelung_rule.svg/525px-Madelung_rule.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Madelung_rule.svg/700px-Madelung_rule.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Primcipium de Madelung demonstrat modalitatem quā orbitales deponuntur energiā crescente.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Periodi_chemica">Periodi chemica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodus_(systema_periodicum)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Periodi chemica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodus_(systema_periodicum)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Periodi chemica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periodi_1_elementa" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodi 1 elementa">Periodus 1</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenium" title="Hydrogenium">hydrogenio</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodi_2_elementa" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodi 2 elementa">Periodus 2</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithio</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodi_3_elementa" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodi 3 elementa">Periodus 3</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrio</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodi_4_elementa" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodi 4 elementa">Periodus 4</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalio</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Crypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypton">crypton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodi_5_elementa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodi 5 elementa (non est haec pagina)">Periodus 5</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidio</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodi_6_elementa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodi 6 elementa (non est haec pagina)">Periodus 6</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesio</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodi_7_elementa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodi 7 elementa (non est haec pagina)">Periodus 7</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">francio</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">oganesson</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodus_(systema_periodicum)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodus_(systema_periodicum)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tony Cox, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12517027-000-origin-of-the-chemical-elements/?ignored=irrelevant">Origin of the chemical elements</a>" in <i>New Scientist</i> (3 Februarii 1990)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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