CINXE.COM
Permalink - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("http://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink","20090418171344","http://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1240074824"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.15alpha"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Permalink,Articles needing additional references from July 2007,Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases since March 2009,Blog topics,Fact,2000,Aggregator,Asterisk,Atom (standard),Bliki,Blog"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit"/> <link rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20090418171344im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)"/> <link rel="copyright" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Wikipedia RSS Feed" href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=rss"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Feed" href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <title>Permalink - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/shared.css?207xx" type="text/css" media="screen"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/commonPrint.css?207xx" type="text/css" media="print"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/main.css?207xx" type="text/css" media="screen"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/chick/main.css?207xx" type="text/css" media="handheld"/> <!--[if lt IE 5.5000]><link rel="stylesheet" href="/skins-1.5/monobook/IE50Fixes.css?207xx" type="text/css" media="screen" /><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 5.5000]><link rel="stylesheet" href="/skins-1.5/monobook/IE55Fixes.css?207xx" type="text/css" media="screen" /><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 6]><link rel="stylesheet" href="/skins-1.5/monobook/IE60Fixes.css?207xx" type="text/css" media="screen" /><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7]><link rel="stylesheet" href="/skins-1.5/monobook/IE70Fixes.css?207xx" type="text/css" media="screen" /><![endif]--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&usemsgcache=yes&ctype=text%2Fcss&smaxage=2678400&action=raw&maxage=2678400" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Print.css&usemsgcache=yes&ctype=text%2Fcss&smaxage=2678400&action=raw&maxage=2678400" type="text/css" media="print"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Handheld.css&usemsgcache=yes&ctype=text%2Fcss&smaxage=2678400&action=raw&maxage=2678400" type="text/css" media="handheld"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&usemsgcache=yes&ctype=text%2Fcss&smaxage=2678400&action=raw&maxage=2678400" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20090418171344cs_/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=-&action=raw&maxage=2678400&gen=css" type="text/css"/> <!--[if lt IE 7]><script type="text/javascript" src="/skins-1.5/common/IEFixes.js?207xx"></script> <meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="no" /><![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var skin = "monobook"; var stylepath = "/skins-1.5"; var wgArticlePath = "/wiki/$1"; var wgScriptPath = "/w"; var wgScript = "/w/index.php"; var wgVariantArticlePath = false; var wgActionPaths = {}; var wgServer = "http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org"; var wgCanonicalNamespace = ""; var wgCanonicalSpecialPageName = false; var wgNamespaceNumber = 0; var wgPageName = "Permalink"; var wgTitle = "Permalink"; var wgAction = "view"; var wgArticleId = "878926"; var wgIsArticle = true; var wgUserName = null; var wgUserGroups = null; var wgUserLanguage = "en"; var wgContentLanguage = "en"; var wgBreakFrames = false; var wgCurRevisionId = 279970948; var wgVersion = "1.15alpha"; var wgEnableAPI = true; var wgEnableWriteAPI = true; var wgSeparatorTransformTable = ["", ""]; var wgDigitTransformTable = ["", ""]; var wgMWSuggestTemplate = "http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=opensearch\x26search={searchTerms}\x26namespace={namespaces}\x26suggest"; var wgDBname = "enwiki"; var wgSearchNamespaces = [0]; var wgMWSuggestMessages = ["with suggestions", "no suggestions"]; var wgRestrictionEdit = []; var wgRestrictionMove = []; /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20090418171344js_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/wikibits.js?207xx"><!-- wikibits js --></script> <!-- Head Scripts --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20090418171344js_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/ajax.js?207xx"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20090418171344js_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/mwsuggest.js?207xx"></script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var wgNotice='';var wgNoticeLocal=''; /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344js_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/centralnotice/wikipedia/en/centralnotice.js?207xx"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20090418171344js_/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=-&action=raw&gen=js&useskin=monobook"><!-- site js --></script> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Permalink skin-monobook"> <div id="globalWrapper"> <div id="column-content"> <div id="content"> <a name="top" id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><script type="text/javascript">if (wgNotice != '') document.writeln(wgNotice);</script></div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Permalink</h1> <div id="bodyContent"> <h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="#column-one">navigation</a>, <a href="#searchInput">search</a></div> <!-- start content --> <div class="dablink"><span class="plainlinks selfreference">In Wikipedia: <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_history#Linking_to_a_specific_version_of_a_page" title="Help:Page history">Help:Page history#Linking to a specific version of a page</a></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" border="0"/></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This article <b>needs additional <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>.</b> Please help <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> by adding <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable references</a> (ideally, using <i><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Footnotes">inline citations</a></i>). Unsourced material may be <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fact" title="Template:Fact">challenged</a> and <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:BURDEN" title="Wikipedia:BURDEN" class="mw-redirect">removed</a>. <small><i>(July 2007)</i></small></td> </tr> </table> <p>A <b>permalink</b>, or <b>permanent link</b>, is a <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> that points to a specific <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a> or <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">forum</a> entry after it has passed from the front page to the archives. Because a permalink remains unchanged indefinitely, it is less susceptible to <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_rot" title="Link rot">link rot</a>. Most modern weblogging and content-syndication software systems support such links. Other types of websites use permanent links, but the term <i>permalink</i> is most common within the <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogosphere" title="Blogosphere">blogosphere</a>. <i>Permalink</i> is a <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmanteau_word" title="Portmanteau word" class="mw-redirect">portmanteau word</a> made from <i>permanent link</i>. Permalinks are often simply stated so as to be <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-readable" title="Human-readable">human-readable</a>.</p> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Purpose"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Purpose</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Permalinks_and_versions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Permalinks and versions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Popular_permalink_formats"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Popular permalink formats</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Presentation"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Presentation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Permalink_detection"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Permalink detection</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p><a name="History" id="History"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">History</span></h2> <p>Originally, all links were permalinks, as content was static. However, when many web pages became dynamic, this was often no longer the case. As a result, a natural desire arose to name the problem and popularize solutions.</p> <p>One cited early use of the term <i>permalink</i> in its current sense was by <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Kottke" title="Jason Kottke">Jason Kottke</a> on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2000-03-05"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="03-05"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a></span>, <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a></span>, in a post titled: "Finally. Did you notice the".<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0" title=""><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Haughey" title="Matt Haughey" class="mw-redirect">Matt Haughey</a> had discussed a permalink style feature with <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogger_(service)" title="Blogger (service)">Blogger</a> co-founders <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Williams" title="Evan Williams">Evan Williams</a> and <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Bausch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Bausch (page does not exist)">Paul Bausch</a> the previous weekend, and Bausch had pointed out that it was technically feasible to produce permanent links in Blogger, using a feature (written by him) that allowed the ID of a post to be placed in a Blogger template. In response to Kottke's blog, on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2000-03-06"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="03-06"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a></span>, <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a></span>, Matt Haughey posted the technical details on his own weblog,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1" title=""><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> which helped open the way to widespread adoption.</p> <p><a name="Purpose" id="Purpose"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Purpose">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Purpose</span></h2> <p>Permanence in links is desirable when content items are likely to be linked to, from, or <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">cited</a> by a source outside the originating organization. Before the advent of large-scale dynamic websites built on <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a>-backed <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management systems</a>, it was more common for URLs of specific pieces of content to be static and human readable, as URL structure and naming were dictated by the entity creating that content. Increased volume of content and difficulty of management led to the rise of database-driven systems, and the resulting unwieldy and often-changing URLs necessitated deliberate policies with regard to URL design and link permanence. For example, Wikipedia's internal cgi-based URLs, e.g., <i>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink</i>, are re-written to a more human-readable form, <i>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink</i> (see <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewrite_engine" title="Rewrite engine">Rewrite engine</a>).</p> <p>An entry in a blog with many entries is accessible from the site's front page for only a short time. Visitors who store the URL for a particular entry often find upon their return that the desired content has been replaced by something new. Prominently posting permalinks is a method employed by bloggers to encourage visitors to store a more long-lived URL (the permalink) for reference.</p> <p>Permalinks frequently consist of a string of characters which represent the date and time of posting, and an identifier which denotes the author who initially authored the item or its subject. Crucially, if an item is changed, renamed, or moved within the internal database, its permalink remains unaltered, as it functions as a <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_cookie" title="Magic cookie">magic cookie</a> which references an internal database identifier. If an item is deleted altogether, its permalink can frequently not be reused.</p> <p>Permalinks have subsequently been exploited for a number of innovations, including link tracing and link <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrackBack" title="TrackBack" class="mw-redirect">trackback</a> in weblogs, and referring to specific weblog entries in <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS_(file_format)" title="RSS (file format)" class="mw-redirect">RSS</a> or <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(standard)" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a> syndication streams</p> <p><a name="Permalinks_and_versions" id="Permalinks_and_versions"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Permalinks and versions">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Permalinks and versions</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipedia_permalink_example.png" class="image" title="On Wikipedia, a permanent link to a specific version of an article is obtained from the "Permanent link" entry in the toolbox."><img alt="" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Wikipedia_permalink_example.png/200px-Wikipedia_permalink_example.png" width="200" height="147" border="0" class="thumbimage"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipedia_permalink_example.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="/web/20090418171344im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt=""/></a></div> On Wikipedia, a permanent link to a specific version of an article is obtained from the "Permanent link" entry in the toolbox.</div> </div> </div> <p>Many blogging and content management systems do not support <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control" title="Revision control">versioning</a> of content, that is, if an entry is updated, a uniquely accessible version is not created. Thus, in the context of these systems, a permalink may refer to different content over time. In the context of systems that support versioning, such as most <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wikis</a>, a permalink is commonly understood as a link to a <i>specific version</i>. Here, both the link itself and the resource it refers to should not change over time.</p> <p>One wiki implementation which supports this type of permalinks is <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>, the software which runs Wikipedia. In its current implementation, old revisions of specific articles, images, and templates are referenceable by unique unchanging URLs, although old versions of images and templates may not be utilized by current entries. Permanent links to specific versions are recommended for citing articles from sources such as <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> and <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikinews" title="Wikinews">Wikinews</a>, to ensure that the content remains unchanged for review. A reviewer can then view the cited revision, the current revision, and the differences between the two.</p> <p><a name="Popular_permalink_formats" id="Popular_permalink_formats"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Popular permalink formats">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Popular permalink formats</span></h2> <p>Blogging software creators and blog hosting websites have not agreed on a standard format for permalink URLs. Some within the blogging community feel<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="The material in the vicinity of this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. since March 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">who?</a></i>]</span></sup> that standardization would lead to the practice of meta-information about articles being mined from the URLs themselves rather than an associated RSS stream or meta tags stored within the content. Although various permalink implementations accomplish essentially the same job, several vendors have produced different solutions.</p> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a></dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/<directory>/<Article_Name> (With URL-rewriting)</dd> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/<directory>/index.php/<Article_Name> (Without URL-rewriting)</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable_Type" title="Movable Type">Movable Type</a> and <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TypePad" title="TypePad">TypePad</a></dt> <dd>http://<username>.typepad.com/<username>/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<15 character name>.html</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogspot" title="Blogspot" class="mw-redirect">Blogspot</a></dt> <dd>http://<username>.blogspot.com/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<article name>.html</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>boastMachine</dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/post/<blog_name>/<unique integer identifier>/<article name></dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a></dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>/<article name>/</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPress.com" title="WordPress.com">WordPress.com</a></dt> <dd>http://<selectedsubdomainname>.wordpress.com/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>/<article name>/</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveJournal" title="LiveJournal">LiveJournal</a> and <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloglines" title="Bloglines">Bloglines</a></dt> <dd>http://<username>.livejournal.com/<unique integer identifier>.html</dd> <dd>http://users.livejournal.com/<username>/<unique integer identifier>.html for usernames beginning or ending with an underscore</dd> <dd>http://community.livejournal.com/<community name>/<unique integer identifier>.html for communities</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midgard_(software)" title="Midgard (software)">Midgard CMS</a></dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/midcom-permalink-<document unique identifier></dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typo_(content_management_system)" title="Typo (content management system)" class="mw-redirect">Typo</a></dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/articles/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>/<article name></dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a></dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/index.php?q=node/<unique integer page identifier> for pages (without URL-rewriting)</dd> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/node/<unique integer page identifier> for pages (with URL-rewriting)</dd> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/index.php?q=node/<unique integer identifier>#<unique integer comment identifier> for comments (without URL-rewriting)</dd> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/node/<unique integer identifier>#<unique integer comment identifier> for comments (with URL-rewriting)</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Server" title="Community Server">Community Server</a></dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/archive/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>/<article name>.aspx</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Userland" title="Radio Userland" class="mw-redirect">Radio Userland</a></dt> <dd>http://radio.weblogs.com/<7 digit Radio Id>/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>.html#a<post number></dd> <dd>http://radio.weblogs.com/<7 digit Radio Id>/categories/<category>/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>.html#a<post number> for posts in a category</dd> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>.html#a<post number></dd> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/categories/<category>/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>.html#a<post number> for posts in a category</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DasBlog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DasBlog (page does not exist)">dasBlog</a></dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/<article name>.aspx</dd> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/<4 digit year>/<2 digit month>/<2 digit day>/<article name>.aspx</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ECML_Blogs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECML Blogs (page does not exist)">ECML Blogs</a></dt> <dd>http://<site-specific prefix>/article.asp?post=<numeric id></dd> </dl> <dl> <dt><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Persistent Uniform Resource Locator">Persistent Uniform Resource Locator</a> (PURL)</dt> <dd>http://<purl.org or site-specific>/a/b/c/something</dd> </dl> <p><a name="Presentation" id="Presentation"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Presentation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Presentation</span></h2> <p>Blog entries are usually laid out as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Title</li> <li>Date</li> <li>Entry</li> <li>Comments, permalink, and what category the entry was posted to (known as <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata_(computing)" title="Metadata (computing)" class="mw-redirect">metadata</a>)</li> </ul> <p>Permalinks are usually denoted by text link (i.e. "Permalink" or "Link to this Entry"), but sometimes a symbol may be used. The most common symbol used is the hash sign, or #. However, certain websites employ their own symbol to represent a permalink such as an <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a>, a dash, a <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (¶), or a unique icon.</p> <p><a name="Permalink_detection" id="Permalink_detection"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Permalink detection">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Permalink detection</span></h2> <p>Permalinks can be indicated within the <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> of a page so as to allow automated browsing tools to detect the permalink and use it for linking instead of the stated <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a>. The link element should include the following attributes:</p> <p><link rel="bookmark" href="<i>[Permalink URL]</i>" /></p> <p><a name="See_also" id="See_also"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_linking" title="Deep linking">Deep linking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">Digital object identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Persistent Uniform Resource Locator">Persistent Uniform Resource Locator</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Numbers" title="Purple Numbers">Purple Numbers</a> (paragraph-level identifiers)</li> <li><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a></li> </ul> <p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.kottke.org/00/03/finally-did-you-notice-the" class="external text" title="http://www.kottke.org/00/03/finally-did-you-notice-the" rel="nofollow">Finally. Did you notice the (kottke.org)</a></li> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://a.wholelottanothing.org/2000/03/caroline-wishes-outloud-for.html" class="external text" title="http://a.wholelottanothing.org/2000/03/caroline-wishes-outloud-for.html" rel="nofollow">Caroline wishes outloud for | A Whole Lotta Nothing</a></li> </ol> </div> <p><a name="External_links" id="External_links"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;"> <div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en.svg" class="image" title="Wiktionary-logo-en.svg"><img alt="" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width="50" height="54" border="0"/></a></div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Look up <i><b><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/permalink" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:permalink">permalink</a></b></i> in <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.permalinks.cc/" class="external text" title="http://www.permalinks.cc/" rel="nofollow">Permanent Links and Bibliography for the Web</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://weblogs.about.com/cs/blogsglossary/g/permalink.htm" class="external text" title="http://weblogs.about.com/cs/blogsglossary/g/permalink.htm" rel="nofollow">About.com Web Logs on Permalink</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.plasticbag.org/archives/2003/06/on_permalinks_and_paradigms.shtml" class="external text" title="http://www.plasticbag.org/archives/2003/06/on_permalinks_and_paradigms.shtml" rel="nofollow">History and critique of permalinks</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.w3.org/Provider/Style/URI" class="external text" title="http://www.w3.org/Provider/Style/URI" rel="nofollow">Cool URIs don't change - Tim Berners Lee</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.kongtechnology.com/2007/10/20/use-search-engine-friendly-permalink-for-your-wordpress-posts/" class="external text" title="http://www.kongtechnology.com/2007/10/20/use-search-engine-friendly-permalink-for-your-wordpress-posts/" rel="nofollow">Use search engine friendly Permalink for your wordpress posts</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.rasesolutions.com/permanent_links/" class="external text" title="http://www.rasesolutions.com/permanent_links/" rel="nofollow">Permanent Link Offering Directories - Global Directory System</a></li> </ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"> <div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"> <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;;;border:none;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Blog_topics" title="Template:Blog topics"><span title="View this template" style=";;border:none;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Blog_topics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Blog topics (page does not exist)"><span title="Discussion about this template" style=";;border:none;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Blog_topics&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Blog_topics&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;border:none;;">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogs</a> and blogging</span></th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Types</td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-blogging" title="Micro-blogging">Micro-blogging</a>/<a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumblelog" title="Tumblelog">Tumblelog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoblog" title="Photoblog">Photoblog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roblog" title="Roblog">Roblog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Mobile blogging</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_blog" title="Collaborative blog">Collaborative blog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_diary" title="Online diary">Online diary</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideblog" title="Sideblog">Sideblog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_blog" title="Spam blog">Spam blog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_blogging" title="Video blogging">Video blogging</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3_blog" title="MP3 blog">MP3 blog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog_carnival" title="Blog carnival">Blog carnival</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niche_blogging" title="Niche blogging">Niches</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog_fiction" title="Blog fiction">Blog fiction</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_journal" title="Dream journal">Dream journal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_blog" title="Corporate blog">Corporate blog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edublog" title="Edublog">Edublog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fake_blog" title="Fake blog">Fake blog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_blog" title="Fashion blog">Fashion blog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_music_blog" title="Classical music blog">Classical music blog</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloggernacle" title="Bloggernacle">Bloggernacle</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warblog" title="Warblog">Warblog</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Technologies</td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weblog_software" title="Weblog software">Software</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog_directory" title="Blog directory" class="mw-redirect">Blog directory</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trackback" title="Trackback">Trackback</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refback" title="Refback">Refback</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><strong class="selflink">Permalink</strong> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_(blogging)" title="Ping (blogging)">Ping</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingback" title="Pingback">Pingback</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkback" title="Linkback">Linkback</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliki" title="Bliki">Bliki</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(standard)" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Related articles</td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escribitionist" title="Escribitionist">Escribitionist</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogosphere" title="Blogosphere">Blogosphere</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregator" title="Aggregator">Aggregator</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay_per_click" title="Pay per click">Pay per click</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_feed" title="Web feed">Web feed</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_syndication" title="Web syndication">Web syndication</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdotted" title="Slashdotted" class="mw-redirect">Slashdot effect</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style" title="Posting style">Posting style</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_in_blogs" title="Spam in blogs">Spam in blogs</a></span></div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- NewPP limit report Preprocessor node count: 840/1000000 Post-expand include size: 24354/2048000 bytes Template argument size: 10176/2048000 bytes Expensive parser function count: 2/500 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:878926-0!1!0!default!!en!2 and timestamp 20090417001210 --> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <span dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Blogs" title="Category:Blogs">Blogs</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Identifiers" title="Category:Identifiers">Identifiers</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Universal_identifiers" title="Category:Universal identifiers">Universal identifiers</a></span></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <span dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2007" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2007">Articles needing additional references from July 2007</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically-marked_weasel-worded_phrases_since_March_2009" title="Category:Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases since March 2009">Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases since March 2009</a></span></div></div> <!-- end content --> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="column-one"> <div id="p-cactions" class="portlet"> <h5>Views</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li> <li id="ca-talk"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Permalink" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Discussion</a></li> <li id="ca-edit"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=edit" title="You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [e]" accesskey="e">Edit this page</a></li> <li id="ca-history"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&action=history" title="Past versions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">History</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-personal"> <h5>Personal tools</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul> <li id="pt-login"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Permalink" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o">Log in / create account</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-logo"> <a style="background-image: url(http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png);" href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha(); </script> <div class="generated-sidebar portlet" id="p-navigation"> <h5>Navigation</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul> <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li> <li id="n-contents"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li> <li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content — the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li> <li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li> <li id="n-randompage"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-search" class="portlet"> <h5><label for="searchInput">Search</label></h5> <div id="searchBody" class="pBody"> <form action="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php" id="searchform"><div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input id="searchInput" name="search" type="text" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" value=""/> <input type="submit" name="go" class="searchButton" id="searchGoButton" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if one exists"/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" class="searchButton" id="mw-searchButton" value="Search" title="Search Wikipedia for this text"/> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="generated-sidebar portlet" id="p-interaction"> <h5>Interaction</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul> <li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-portal"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li> <li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li> <li id="n-contact"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Donate" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-help"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-tb"> <h5>Toolbox</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul> <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Permalink" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li> <li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Permalink" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li> <li id="t-upload"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li> <li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="List of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li> <li id="t-print"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&printable=yes" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> <li id="t-permalink"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permalink&oldid=279970948" title="Permanent link to this version of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-cite"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Cite&page=Permalink&id=279970948">Cite this page</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-lang" class="portlet"> <h5>Languages</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul> <li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">Česky</a></li> <li class="interwiki-de"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">Español</a></li> <li class="interwiki-eu"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalien">Français</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ko"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8D%BC%EB%A8%B8%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC">한국어</a></li> <li class="interwiki-it"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interwiki-uz"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doimiy_link">O'zbek</a></li> <li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odno%C5%9Bnik_bezpo%C5%9Bredni">Polski</a></li> <li class="interwiki-pt"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_permanente">Português</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sk"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permal%C3%A4nk">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interwiki-zh"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PermaLink">中文</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div><!-- end of the left (by default at least) column --> <div class="visualClear"></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="f-poweredbyico"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/web/20090418171344im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki"/></a></div> <div id="f-copyrightico"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="/web/20090418171344im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/images/wikimedia-button.png" border="0" alt="Wikimedia Foundation"/></a></div> <ul id="f-list"> <li id="lastmod"> This page was last modified on 27 March 2009, at 08:29 (UTC).</li> <li id="copyright">All text is available under the terms of the <a class="internal" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. (See <b><a class="internal" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyrights</a></b> for details.) <br/> Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a U.S. registered <a class="internal" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501%28c%29#501.28c.29.283.29" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Deductibility_of_donations">tax-deductible</a> <a class="internal" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_organization" title="Non-profit organization">nonprofit</a> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charity</a>.<br/></li> <li id="privacy"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090418171344/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" title="wikimedia:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="about"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="disclaimer"><a href="/web/20090418171344/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">if (window.runOnloadHook) runOnloadHook();</script> <!-- Served by srv197 in 0.056 secs. --></body></html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 17:13:44 Apr 18, 2009 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 11:46:02 Feb 27, 2025. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.499 exclusion.robots: 0.024 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.015 esindex: 0.009 cdx.remote: 25.965 LoadShardBlock: 166.534 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 144.602 (4) load_resource: 240.117 PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 116.305 -->