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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Instrumentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Instrumentation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocals_and_lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocals_and_lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Vocals and lyrics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocals_and_lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Etymology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subgenres_and_fusion_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subgenres_and_fusion_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Subgenres and fusion genres </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subgenres_and_fusion_genres-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Subgenres and fusion genres subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Subgenres_and_fusion_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blackened_death-doom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blackened_death-doom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Blackened death-doom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blackened_death-doom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blackened_death_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blackened_death_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Blackened death metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blackened_death_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Melodic_black-death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Melodic_black-death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Melodic black-death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Melodic_black-death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 War metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brutal_death_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brutal_death_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Brutal death metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brutal_death_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slam_death_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slam_death_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Slam death metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slam_death_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death-doom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death-doom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Death-doom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-doom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funeral_doom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral_doom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Funeral doom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funeral_doom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_'n'_roll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_'n'_roll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Death 'n' roll </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_'n'_roll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deathcore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deathcore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Deathcore </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deathcore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deathgrind,_goregrind_and_pornogrind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deathgrind,_goregrind_and_pornogrind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Deathgrind, goregrind and pornogrind </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deathgrind,_goregrind_and_pornogrind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deathrash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deathrash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Deathrash </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deathrash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_death_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_death_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Industrial death metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_death_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Melodic_death_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Melodic_death_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Melodic death metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Melodic_death_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_school_death_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_school_death_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 Old school death metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_school_death_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symphonic_death_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symphonic_death_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 Symphonic death metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symphonic_death_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_death_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_death_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.13 Technical death metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_death_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Death metal</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" > 62 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ديث ميتال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديث ميتال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det-metal" title="Det-metal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Det-metal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="ডেথ মেটাল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেথ মেটাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B7-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дэз-метал – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэз-метал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B7-%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дэз-мэтал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэз-мэтал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Дет метъл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дет метъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Metal" title="Death Metal – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Death Metal" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B8dsmetal" title="Dødsmetal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dødsmetal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Metal" title="Death Metal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Death Metal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortmetalo" title="Mortmetalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mortmetalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="دث متال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دث متال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatailt_B%C3%A0is" title="Meatailt Bàis – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meatailt Bàis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A9%94%ED%83%88" title="데스 메탈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데스 메탈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%A9_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Դեթ մետալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեթ մետալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dau%C3%B0arokk" title="Dauðarokk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dauðarokk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%AA%27_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="דת' מטאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דת' מטאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%96-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="დეზ-მეტალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დეზ-მეტალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81ves_met%C4%81ls" title="Nāves metāls – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nāves metāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirties_metalas" title="Mirties metalas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mirties metalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дет-метал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дет-метал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathmetal" title="Deathmetal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Deathmetal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB" title="デスメタル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デスメタル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дэт-метал – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дэт-метал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daith_metal" title="Daith metal – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Daith metal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%AA_%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="دێت مێتاڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دێت مێتاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_metal" title="Det metal – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Det metal" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="เดทเมทัล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดทเมทัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Death metal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дез-метал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дез-метал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extreme subgenre of heavy metal music</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Death_metal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Death metal (disambiguation)">Death metal (disambiguation)</a>. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Death_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rock">Death rock</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Death metal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">Thrash metal</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First-wave_black_metal" title="First-wave black metal">first-wave black metal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Mid-1980s, United States</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">Brutal death metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slam_death_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam death metal">slam death metal</a></li></ul></li> <li>industrial death metal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">melodic death metal</a></li> <li>old school death metal</li> <li>symphonic death metal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">technical death metal</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li>Blackened death-doom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackened_death_metal" title="Blackened death metal">blackened death metal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melodic_black-death" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodic black-death">melodic black-death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="War metal">war metal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">death-doom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Funeral_doom" title="Funeral doom">funeral doom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathgrind" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathgrind">deathgrind</a></li> <li>deathrash</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_%27n%27_roll" title="Death 'n' roll">death 'n' roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">goregrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">pornogrind</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_death_metal" title="Florida death metal">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_metal_in_Indonesia" title="Death metal in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands#Death_metal" title="Music of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_death_metal" title="Swedish death metal">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway#Death_metal" title="Music of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland#Death_metal_scene" title="Music of Poland">Poland</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Local scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metal in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_metal" title="Extreme metal">Extreme metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_beat" title="Blast beat">blast beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">death growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_death_metal_bands" title="List of death metal bands">list of bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_death_metal" title="Christian death metal">Christian death metal</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Death metal is an <a href="/wiki/Extreme_metal" title="Extreme metal">extreme</a> subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal music</a>. It typically employs heavily distorted and low-tuned guitars, played with techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Palm_muting" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm muting">palm muting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tremolo_picking" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremolo picking">tremolo picking</a>; deep <a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">growling</a> vocals; aggressive, powerful drumming, featuring <a href="/wiki/Double_kick" class="mw-redirect" title="Double kick">double kick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blast_beat" title="Blast beat">blast beat</a> techniques; minor keys or <a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">atonality</a>; abrupt tempo, key, and <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">time signature</a> changes; and <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">chromatic</a> chord progressions.<a href="#cite_note-loudwire-3">[3]</a> The lyrical themes of death metal may include <a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">slasher film</a>-style violence,<a href="#cite_note-Moynihan,_Michael_1998_p._27-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Political conflict">political conflict</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/True_crime" title="True crime">true crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200339-42-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-masterclass-6">[6]</a> Building from the musical structure of <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_metal#First_wave" title="Black metal">early black metal</a>, death metal emerged during the mid-1980s.<a href="#cite_note-hbj-7">[7]</a> Bands such as <a href="/wiki/Venom_(band)" title="Venom (band)">Venom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Frost" title="Celtic Frost">Celtic Frost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kreator" title="Kreator">Kreator</a> were important influences on the genre's creation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIver200014-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIver2000100-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIver200055-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Possessed_(band)" title="Possessed (band)">Possessed</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_(metal_band)" title="Death (metal band)">Death</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Necrophagia" title="Necrophagia">Necrophagia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Obituary_(band)" title="Obituary (band)">Obituary</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Autopsy_(band)" title="Autopsy (band)">Autopsy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morbid_Angel" title="Morbid Angel">Morbid Angel</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> are often considered pioneers of the genre.<a href="#cite_note-loudwire-3">[3]</a> In the late 1980s and early 1990s, death metal gained more media attention as a popular genre. Niche record labels like <a href="/wiki/Combat_Records" title="Combat Records">Combat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earache_Records" title="Earache Records">Earache</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roadrunner_Records" title="Roadrunner Records">Roadrunner</a> began to sign death metal bands at a rapid rate.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Since then, death metal has diversified, spawning several subgenres. <a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">Melodic death metal</a> combines death metal elements with those of the <a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_British_heavy_metal" title="New wave of British heavy metal">new wave of British heavy metal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">Technical death metal</a> is a complex style, with uncommon time signatures, atypical rhythms, and unusual harmonies and melodies. <a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">Death-doom</a> combines the deep growled vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal with the slow tempos and melancholic atmosphere of <a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">doom metal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deathgrind" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathgrind">Deathgrind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">goregrind</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">pornogrind</a> mix the complexity of death metal with the intensity, speed, and brevity of <a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">grindcore</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a> combines death metal with <a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">metalcore</a> traits. <a href="/wiki/Death_%27n%27_roll" title="Death 'n' roll">Death 'n' roll</a> combines death metal's <a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">growled vocals</a> and highly <a href="/wiki/Distortion" title="Distortion">distorted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guitar_tunings" title="Guitar tunings">detuned</a> guitar riffs with elements of 1970s <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Entombed-18">[18]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_and_early_history">Emergence and early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Emergence and early history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_Mexico_06-89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Death_Mexico_06-89.jpg/220px-Death_Mexico_06-89.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Death_Mexico_06-89.jpg/330px-Death_Mexico_06-89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Death_Mexico_06-89.jpg/440px-Death_Mexico_06-89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Pioneering death metal band <a href="/wiki/Death_(metal_band)" title="Death (metal band)">Death</a> in 1989</figcaption></figure> English extreme metal band <a href="/wiki/Venom_(band)" title="Venom (band)">Venom</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a>, crystallized the elements of what later became known as <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a>, death metal and <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a>, with their first two albums <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Hell" title="Welcome to Hell">Welcome to Hell</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Metal_(Venom_album)" title="Black Metal (Venom album)">Black Metal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007-20">[20]</a> released in late 1981 and 1982, respectively. Their dark, blistering sound, harsh vocals, and <a href="/wiki/Macabre" title="Macabre">macabre</a>, proudly Satanic imagery proved a major inspiration for extreme metal bands.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Another highly influential band, <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a>, formed in 1981. Although the band was a thrash metal act, Slayer's music was more violent than their thrash contemporaries <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megadeth" title="Megadeth">Megadeth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anthrax_(American_band)" title="Anthrax (American band)">Anthrax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Metal_Hammer-22">[22]</a> Their breakneck speed and instrumental prowess combined with lyrics about death, violence, war, and Satanism won Slayer a cult following.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> According to Mike McPadden, <a href="/wiki/Hell_Awaits" title="Hell Awaits">Hell Awaits</a>, Slayer's second album, "largely invent[ed] much of the sound and fury that would evolve into death metal."<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>, their third album <a href="/wiki/Reign_in_Blood" title="Reign in Blood">Reign in Blood</a> inspired the entire death metal genre.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> It had a big impact on genre leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Death_(metal_band)" title="Death (metal band)">Death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obituary_(band)" title="Obituary (band)">Obituary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morbid_Angel" title="Morbid Angel">Morbid Angel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Metal_Hammer-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Possessed_-_Jalometalli_2008_-_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Possessed_-_Jalometalli_2008_-_02.JPG/150px-Possessed_-_Jalometalli_2008_-_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Possessed_-_Jalometalli_2008_-_02.JPG/225px-Possessed_-_Jalometalli_2008_-_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Possessed_-_Jalometalli_2008_-_02.JPG/300px-Possessed_-_Jalometalli_2008_-_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Becerra" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Becerra">Jeff Becerra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Possessed_(band)" title="Possessed (band)">Possessed</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMudrian2004-26">[26]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Possessed_(band)" title="Possessed (band)">Possessed</a>, a band that formed in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> during 1983, is described by AllMusic as "connecting the dots" between thrash metal and death metal with their 1985 debut album, <a href="/wiki/Seven_Churches_(album)" title="Seven Churches (album)">Seven Churches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> While attributed as having a Slayer influence,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> current and former members of the band had actually cited Venom and <a href="/wiki/Mot%C3%B6rhead" title="Motörhead">Motörhead</a>, as well as early work by <a href="/wiki/Exodus_(band)" title="Exodus (band)">Exodus</a>, as the main influences on their sound. Although the group had released only two studio albums and an EP in their formative years, they have been described by music journalists and musicians as either being "monumental" in developing the death metal style,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200354-29">[29]</a> or as being the first death metal band.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkeroth200812-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMudrian200470-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Earache_Records" title="Earache Records">Earache Records</a> noted that "the likes of Trey Azagthoth and Morbid Angel based what they were doing in their formative years on the Possessed blueprint laid down on the legendary Seven Churches recording. Possessed arguably did more to further the cause of 'Death Metal' than any of the early acts on the scene back in the mid-late 80's."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuck_Schuldiner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Chuck_Schuldiner.jpg/170px-Chuck_Schuldiner.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Chuck_Schuldiner.jpg/255px-Chuck_Schuldiner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Chuck_Schuldiner.jpg/340px-Chuck_Schuldiner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schuldiner" title="Chuck Schuldiner">Chuck Schuldiner</a> (1967–2001) of <a href="/wiki/Death_(metal_band)" title="Death (metal band)">Death</a>, during a 1992 tour in Scotland in support of the album <a href="/wiki/Human_(Death_album)" title="Human (Death album)">Human</a>.</figcaption></figure> During the same period as the dawn of Possessed, a second influential metal band was formed in Orlando, Florida. Originally called Mantas, Death was formed in 1983 by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schuldiner" title="Chuck Schuldiner">Chuck Schuldiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kam_Lee" title="Kam Lee">Kam Lee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rick_Rozz" title="Rick Rozz">Rick Rozz</a>. Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Florida" title="Brandon, Florida">Brandon, Florida</a> act <a href="/wiki/Nasty_Savage" title="Nasty Savage">Nasty Savage</a>, they took the sound of Nasty Savage and deepened it.<a href="#cite_note-:0-34">[34]</a> In 1984, they released their first demo entitled Death by Metal, followed by several more. The tapes circulated through the tape trader world, quickly establishing the band's name. With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact in the emerging <a href="/wiki/Florida_death_metal" title="Florida death metal">Florida death metal</a> scene. The fast minor-key riffs and solos were complemented with fast drumming, creating a style that would catch on in tape trading circles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200354-29">[29]</a> Schuldiner has been credited by AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia for being widely recognized as the "Father of Death Metal".<a href="#cite_note-Death-35">[35]</a> Death's 1987 debut release, <a href="/wiki/Scream_Bloody_Gore" title="Scream Bloody Gore">Scream Bloody Gore</a>, has been described by About.com's Chad Bowar as being the "evolution from thrash metal to death metal",<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and "the first true death metal record" by the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In an Interview Jeff Becerra talked about the discussions of being the creator of the genre, saying that Schuldiner cited Possessed as a massive influence, and Death were even called "Possessed clones" early on.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Along with Possessed and Death, other pioneers of death metal in the United States include <a href="/wiki/Macabre_(band)" title="Macabre (band)">Macabre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_(American_band)" title="Master (American band)">Master</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massacre_(metal_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre (metal band)">Massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immolation_(band)" title="Immolation (band)">Immolation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannibal_Corpse" title="Cannibal Corpse">Cannibal Corpse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obituary_(band)" title="Obituary (band)">Obituary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Post_Mortem_(band)" title="Post Mortem (band)">Post Mortem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growing_popularity">Growing popularity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growing popularity">edit</a>]</div> By 1989, many bands had been signed by eager record labels wanting to cash in on the subgenre, including Florida's <a href="/wiki/Obituary_(band)" title="Obituary (band)">Obituary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morbid_Angel" title="Morbid Angel">Morbid Angel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deicide_(band)" title="Deicide (band)">Deicide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> This collective of death metal bands hailing from Florida are often labeled as "<a href="/wiki/Florida_death_metal" title="Florida death metal">Florida death metal</a>". Morbid Angel pushed the genre's limits both musically and lyrically, with the release of their debut album <a href="/wiki/Altars_of_Madness" title="Altars of Madness">Altars of Madness</a> in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200318-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The album "redefined what it meant to be heavy while influencing an upcoming class of brutal death metal."<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> According to Jason Birchmeier of <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Venom_(band)" title="Venom (band)">Venom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a> redefined the extent to which a metal band could align itself with all things evil during the beginning of the decade, but Morbid Angel made these two groups sound like <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_music" title="Children's music">children's music</a>."<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Following the original death metal innovators, new subgenres began to develop the end of the decade, such as <a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">melodic death metal</a>. Death released their fourth album <a href="/wiki/Human_(Death_album)" title="Human (Death album)">Human</a> in 1991, which has become a hallmark in <a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">technical death metal</a>. Death's founder Schuldiner helped push the boundaries of the genre with uncompromising speed and technical virtuosity, combining intricate rhythm guitar work with complex arrangements and emotive guitar solos.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Earache Records, <a href="/wiki/Relativity_Records" title="Relativity Records">Relativity Records</a> and Roadrunner Records became the genre's most important labels,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> with Earache releasing albums by Carcass, Napalm Death, Morbid Angel, and Entombed, and Roadrunner releasing albums by Obituary, and <a href="/wiki/Pestilence_(band)" title="Pestilence (band)">Pestilence</a>. Although these labels had not been death metal labels, they initially became the genre's flagship labels at the beginning of the 1990s. In addition to these, other labels formed as well, such as <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Blast" title="Nuclear Blast">Nuclear Blast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Century_Media_Records" title="Century Media Records">Century Media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peaceville" class="mw-redirect" title="Peaceville">Peaceville</a>. Many of these labels would go on to achieve successes in other genres of metal throughout the 1990s. In September 1990, Death's manager <a href="/wiki/Eric_Greif" title="Eric Greif">Eric Greif</a> held one of the first North American death metal festivals, Day of Death, in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> suburb <a href="/wiki/Waukesha,_Wisconsin" title="Waukesha, Wisconsin">Waukesha, Wisconsin</a>, and featured 26 bands including Autopsy, <a href="/wiki/Broken_Hope" title="Broken Hope">Broken Hope</a>, Hellwitch, Obliveon, Revenant, Viogression, Immolation, <a href="/wiki/Atheist_(band)" title="Atheist (band)">Atheist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cynic_(band)" title="Cynic (band)">Cynic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jungle_Rot_performing_in_Chula_Vista,_CA_on_Mayhem_Fest_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Jungle_Rot_performing_in_Chula_Vista%2C_CA_on_Mayhem_Fest_2015.jpg/200px-Jungle_Rot_performing_in_Chula_Vista%2C_CA_on_Mayhem_Fest_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Jungle_Rot_performing_in_Chula_Vista%2C_CA_on_Mayhem_Fest_2015.jpg/300px-Jungle_Rot_performing_in_Chula_Vista%2C_CA_on_Mayhem_Fest_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Jungle_Rot_performing_in_Chula_Vista%2C_CA_on_Mayhem_Fest_2015.jpg/400px-Jungle_Rot_performing_in_Chula_Vista%2C_CA_on_Mayhem_Fest_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Death metal band <a href="/wiki/Jungle_Rot" title="Jungle Rot">Jungle Rot</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later history">edit</a>]</div> Death metal's popularity achieved its initial peak during 1992–1993, with some bands such as Morbid Angel and Cannibal Corpse enjoying mild commercial success. However, the genre as a whole never broke into the mainstream. The genre's mounting popularity may have been partly responsible for a strong rivalry between <a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Norwegian black metal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_death_metal" title="Swedish death metal">Swedish death metal</a> scenes. <a href="/wiki/Fenriz" title="Fenriz">Fenriz</a> of <a href="/wiki/Darkthrone" title="Darkthrone">Darkthrone</a> has noted that Norwegian black metal musicians were "fed up with the whole death metal scene" at the time. Death metal diversified in the 1990s, spawning a rich variety of subgenres that still have a large "underground" following at the present.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In the 2000s, a number of bands in the <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a> scene, including <a href="/wiki/Black_Breath_(band)" title="Black Breath (band)">Black Breath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trap_Them" title="Trap Them">Trap Them</a> began to incorporate elements of death metal into their sound.<a href="#cite_note-Schafer,_2018-50">[50]</a> This was followed by a wave of bands expanding upon the death-doom style of <a href="/wiki/Incantation_(American_band)" title="Incantation (American band)">Incantation</a> while incorporating elements of <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Dead_Congregation" title="Dead Congregation">Dead Congregation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Necros_Christos" title="Necros Christos">Necros Christos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schafer,_2018-50">[50]</a> In the 2010s, a movement of bands reviving the sound of original 1980s death metal emerged, termed the "New Wave of Old School Death Metal".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> One of the earliest groups in this wave was <a href="/wiki/Horrendous" title="Horrendous">Horrendous</a>, who formed in 2009,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> who along with <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Mold" title="Tomb Mold">Tomb Mold</a> took a progressive take the genre.<a href="#cite_note-Schafer,_2018-50">[50]</a> Tomb Mold, Necrot, Undergang and <a href="/wiki/Blood_Incantation" title="Blood Incantation">Blood Incantation</a> were some of the earliest bands to gain traction in the 2010s, with the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> amplifying the amount of attention drawn to the movement, through <a href="/wiki/Cryptic_Shift" title="Cryptic Shift">Cryptic Shift</a>, Slimelord and Vaticinal Rites.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In a 2022 article by <a href="/wiki/MetalSucks" title="MetalSucks">MetalSucks</a> writer Christopher Krovatin stated "Right now, as a music journalist, all I hear about is death metal."<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In the UK, this movement became the "New Wave of British Death Metal", fronted by Mortuary Spawn, Vacuous and Celestial Sanctuary, this name being coined by Tom Cronin, of Celestial Sanctuary, in order to separate these hardcore-indebted bands from the country's prior movements. The earliest bands in this wave were Cruciamentum and Grave Miasma.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> A large part of the New Wave of Old School Death Metal was death metal bands who originated from the hardcore scene, some of which merge elements of hardcore into their style. <a href="/wiki/Xibalba_(band)" title="Xibalba (band)">Xibalba</a> and Fuming Mouth were two of the earliest groups, with the wave being solidified by <a href="/wiki/Gatecreeper" title="Gatecreeper">Gatecreeper</a>, 200 Stab Wounds, Creeping Death,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanguisugabogg" title="Sanguisugabogg">Sanguisugabogg</a> and Kruelty.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Venom_Prison" title="Venom Prison">Venom Prison</a> came from this scene and gained particular attention for their confrontation of what <a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a> called death metal's "misogyny problem", by instead writing "rape-revenge narrative[s]".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Their lead vocalist Larissa Stupar was described by the publication as "metal's most important - and uncompromising - voice".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Instrumentation">edit</a>]</div> The setup most frequently used within the death metal genre is two guitarists, a bass player, a vocalist, and a drummer often using "hyper <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum#Double_bass_drum" title="Bass drum">double-bass</a> <a href="/wiki/Blast_beat" title="Blast beat">blast beats</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell20039-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris200732-61">[61]</a> Although this is the standard setup, bands have been known to occasionally incorporate other instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">electronic keyboards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deicide_band_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Deicide_band_010.jpg/220px-Deicide_band_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Deicide_band_010.jpg/330px-Deicide_band_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Deicide_band_010.jpg/440px-Deicide_band_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Guitarist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Owen" title="Jack Owen">Jack Owen</a> has performed with death metal bands <a href="/wiki/Cannibal_Corpse" title="Cannibal Corpse">Cannibal Corpse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deicide_(band)" title="Deicide (band)">Deicide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Six_Feet_Under_(band)" title="Six Feet Under (band)">Six Feet Under</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deicide_band_016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Deicide_band_016.jpg/220px-Deicide_band_016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Deicide_band_016.jpg/330px-Deicide_band_016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Deicide_band_016.jpg/440px-Deicide_band_016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deicide_(band)" title="Deicide (band)">Deicide</a> drummer <a href="/wiki/Steve_Asheim" title="Steve Asheim">Steve Asheim</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocals_and_lyrics">Vocals and lyrics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vocals and lyrics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannibal_Corpse_@_70000_tons_of_metal_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cannibal_Corpse_%40_70000_tons_of_metal_02.jpg/220px-Cannibal_Corpse_%40_70000_tons_of_metal_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cannibal_Corpse_%40_70000_tons_of_metal_02.jpg/330px-Cannibal_Corpse_%40_70000_tons_of_metal_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cannibal_Corpse_%40_70000_tons_of_metal_02.jpg/440px-Cannibal_Corpse_%40_70000_tons_of_metal_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_Corpse" title="Cannibal Corpse">Cannibal Corpse</a> vocalist <a href="/wiki/George_Fisher_(musician)" title="George Fisher (musician)">George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher</a></figcaption></figure> Death metal vocals are referred to as <a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">death growls</a>; which are coarse roars/snarls. Death growling is mistakenly thought to be a form of screaming using the lowest vocal register known as <a href="/wiki/Vocal_fry" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal fry">vocal fry</a>, however vocal fry is actually a form of overtone screaming, and while growling can be performed this way by experienced vocalists who use the fry screaming technique, "true" death growling is in fact created by an altogether different technique.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Growling has been called <a href="/wiki/Cookie_Monster" title="Cookie Monster">Cookie Monster</a> vocals, tongue-in-cheek, due to the vocal similarity to the voice of the popular <a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a> character of the same name.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Although often criticized, death growls serve the aesthetic purpose of matching death metal's aggressive lyrical content.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suffocation_(11_von_30).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Suffocation_%2811_von_30%29.jpg/200px-Suffocation_%2811_von_30%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Suffocation_%2811_von_30%29.jpg/300px-Suffocation_%2811_von_30%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Suffocation_%2811_von_30%29.jpg/400px-Suffocation_%2811_von_30%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suffocation_(band)" title="Suffocation (band)">Suffocation</a> vocalist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Mullen" title="Frank Mullen">Frank Mullen</a></figcaption></figure> The lyrical themes of death metal may invoke slasher film-stylised violence,<a href="#cite_note-Moynihan,_Michael_1998_p._272-66">[66]</a> but may also extend to topics like religion (sometimes including <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>), <a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">occultism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian horror</a>, nature, <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mysticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>, philosophy, science fiction, and politics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200339-42-5">[5]</a> Although violence may be explored in various other genres as well, death metal may elaborate on the details of extreme acts, including <a href="/wiki/Graphic_violence" title="Graphic violence">blood and gore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">psychopathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutilation" title="Mutilation">mutilation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">mutation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dissection" title="Dissection">dissection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">exorcism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Necrophilia" title="Necrophilia">necrophilia</a>. Sociologist <a href="/wiki/Keith_Kahn-Harris" title="Keith Kahn-Harris">Keith Kahn-Harris</a> commented this apparent glamorisation of violence may be attributed to a "fascination" with the human body that all people share to some degree, a fascination that mixes desire and disgust.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007-20">[20]</a> Heavy metal author <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Baddeley" title="Gavin Baddeley">Gavin Baddeley</a> also stated there does seem to be a connection between "how acquainted one is with their own mortality" and "how much they crave images of death and violence" via the media.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Additionally, contributing artists to the genre often defend death metal as little more than an extreme form of art and entertainment, similar to horror films in the motion picture industry.<a href="#cite_note-hbj-7">[7]</a> This explanation has brought such musicians under fire from activists internationally, who claim that this is often lost on a large number of adolescents, who are left with the glamorisation of such violence without social context or awareness of why such imagery is stimulating.<a href="#cite_note-hbj-7">[7]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Alex_Webster" title="Alex Webster">Alex Webster</a>, bassist of Cannibal Corpse, "The gory lyrics are probably not, as much as people say, [what's keeping us] from being mainstream. Like, 'death metal would never go into the mainstream because the lyrics are too gory?' I think it's really the music, because violent entertainment is totally mainstream."<a href="#cite_note-Cannibal_Corpse_Alex_Webster-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_death_metal" title="Christian death metal">Christian death metal</a> bands often utilize the gory themes of death metal to invoke violent imagery against Satan, <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> and sinners,<a href="#cite_note-:442-69">[69]</a> much of the violent imagery being drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:422-70">[70]</a> Satanic and anti-Christian imagery is also frequently inverted.<a href="#cite_note-:47-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrother2013152–153-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:37%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> By 1984, <a href="/wiki/Venom_(band)" title="Venom (band)">Venom</a>-influenced acts crept through the <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground</a>, peddling aggressive <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash</a> with gruff vocals: San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Possessed_(band)" title="Possessed (band)">Possessed</a> released the Death Metal demo, Switzerland's <a href="/wiki/Hellhammer" title="Hellhammer">Hellhammer</a> appeared on a compilation called Death Metal, and Florida's <a href="/wiki/Death_(metal_band)" title="Death (metal band)">Death</a> put out Death By Metal. Notice a theme yet? </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Lee du-Caine and Joel McIver of <a href="/wiki/MusicRadar" class="mw-redirect" title="MusicRadar">MusicRadar</a>, <a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></cite></div> </div> The most popular theory of the subgenre's christening is <a href="/wiki/Possessed_(band)" title="Possessed (band)">Possessed</a>'s 1984 demo, Death Metal; the song from the eponymous demo would also be featured on the band's 1985 debut album, <a href="/wiki/Seven_Churches_(album)" title="Seven Churches (album)">Seven Churches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200353-75">[75]</a> Possessed vocalist/bassist Jeff Becerra said he coined the term in early 1983 for a high school English class assignment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkeroth200811-76">[76]</a> Another possible origin was a magazine called Death Metal, started by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gabriel_Fischer" title="Thomas Gabriel Fischer">Thomas Fischer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Eric_Ain" title="Martin Eric Ain">Martin Ain</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hellhammer" title="Hellhammer">Hellhammer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Frost" title="Celtic Frost">Celtic Frost</a>. The name was later given to the 1984 compilation <a href="/wiki/Death_Metal_(split_album)" title="Death Metal (split album)">Death Metal</a> released by <a href="/wiki/Noise_Records" title="Noise Records">Noise Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200353-75">[75]</a> The term might also have originated from other recordings, such as the demo released by <a href="/wiki/Death_(metal_band)" title="Death (metal band)">Death</a> in 1984, called Death by Metal.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subgenres_and_fusion_genres">Subgenres and fusion genres</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Subgenres and fusion genres">edit</a>]</div> Cited examples are not necessarily exclusive to one particular style. Many bands can easily be placed in two or more of the following categories, and a band's specific categorization is often a source of contention due to personal opinion and interpretation. The musical genres in this list are sorted alphabetically. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">dynamic list</a> and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Death_metal" title="Special:EditPage/Death metal">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blackened_death-doom">Blackened death-doom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Blackened death-doom">edit</a>]</div> Blackened death-doom is a microgenre that combines the slow tempos and monolithic drumming of <a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">doom metal</a>, the complex and loud riffage of death metal and the <a href="/wiki/Screaming_(music)#Black_metal" title="Screaming (music)">shrieking vocals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BDD-78">[78]</a> Examples of blackened death-doom bands include Morast,<a href="#cite_note-BDD-78">[78]</a> Faustcoven,<a href="#cite_note-BDD-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Ruins_of_Beverast" title="The Ruins of Beverast">The Ruins of Beverast</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BDD-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6lzer" title="Bölzer">Bölzer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BDD-78">[78]</a> Necros Christos,<a href="#cite_note-BDD-78">[78]</a> Harvest Gulgaltha,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dragged_into_Sunlight" title="Dragged into Sunlight">Dragged into Sunlight</a>,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Hands of Thieves,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soulburn" title="Soulburn">Soulburn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Kelly_(journalist)" title="Kim Kelly (journalist)">Kim Kelly</a>, journalist from <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>, has called Faustcoven as "one of the finest bands to ever successfully meld black, death, and doom metal into a cohesive, legible whole."<a href="#cite_note-BDD-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blackened_death_metal">Blackened death metal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Blackened death metal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blackened_death_metal" title="Blackened death metal">Blackened death metal</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goatwhore_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2016_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Goatwhore_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2016_11.jpg/200px-Goatwhore_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2016_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Goatwhore_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2016_11.jpg/300px-Goatwhore_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2016_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Goatwhore_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2016_11.jpg/400px-Goatwhore_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2016_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Blackened death metal band <a href="/wiki/Goatwhore" title="Goatwhore">Goatwhore</a>.</figcaption></figure> Blackened death metal is commonly death metal that incorporates musical, lyrical or ideological elements of <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a>, such as an increased use of <a href="/wiki/Alternate_picking" title="Alternate picking">tremolo picking</a>, anti-<a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanic</a> lyrical themes and chord progressions similar to those used in black metal.<a href="#cite_note-Sound,_Symbol,_Sociality-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Blackened death metal bands are also more likely to wear <a href="/wiki/Corpse_paint" title="Corpse paint">corpse paint</a> and suits of armour, than bands from other styles of death metal.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Lower range guitar tunings, <a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">death growls</a> and abrupt <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> changes are common in the genre.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Examples of blackened death metal bands are <a href="/wiki/Belphegor_(band)" title="Belphegor (band)">Belphegor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Behemoth_(band)" title="Behemoth (band)">Behemoth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Akercocke" title="Akercocke">Akercocke</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_(band)" title="Sacramentum (band)">Sacramentum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Melodic_black-death">Melodic black-death</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Melodic black-death">edit</a>]</div> Melodic black-death<a href="#cite_note-Dissection_Clones-93">[93]</a> (also known as blackened melodic death metal or melodic blackened death metal)<a href="#cite_note-Blackened_Melodic_Death_Metal:_A_History_Lesson-94">[94]</a> is a genre of <a href="/wiki/Extreme_metal" title="Extreme metal">extreme metal</a> that describes the style created when <a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">melodic death metal</a> bands began being inspired by black metal and European <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romanticism</a>. However, unlike most other black metal, this take on the genre would incorporate an increased sense of melody and narrative.<a href="#cite_note-Blackened_Melodic_Death_Metal:_A_History_Lesson-94">[94]</a> Some bands who have played this style include <a href="/wiki/Dissection_(band)" title="Dissection (band)">Dissection</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Blackened_Melodic_Death_Metal:_A_History_Lesson-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dissection_Clones-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Swedish_Death_Metal-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_(band)" title="Sacramentum (band)">Sacramentum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Blackened_Melodic_Death_Metal:_A_History_Lesson-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dissection_Clones-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Naglfar_(band)" title="Naglfar (band)">Naglfar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Blackened_Melodic_Death_Metal:_A_History_Lesson-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/God_Dethroned" title="God Dethroned">God Dethroned</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(Swedish_band)" title="Dawn (Swedish band)">Dawn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Blackened_Melodic_Death_Metal:_A_History_Lesson-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Unanimated" title="Unanimated">Unanimated</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Blackened_Melodic_Death_Metal:_A_History_Lesson-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thulcandra_(band)" title="Thulcandra (band)">Thulcandra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Dissection_Clones-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blackened_Melodic_Death_Metal:_A_History_Lesson-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Skeletonwitch" title="Skeletonwitch">Skeletonwitch</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Sin_(band)" title="Cardinal Sin (band)">Cardinal Sin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dissection_Clones-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="War_metal">War metal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: War metal">edit</a>]</div> War metal<a href="#cite_note-mh112011-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-rh304-100">[100]</a> (also known as war black metal<a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> or bestial black metal)<a href="#cite_note-rh304-100">[100]</a> is an aggressive,<a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> cacophonous<a href="#cite_note-mh112011-98">[98]</a> and chaotic<a href="#cite_note-mh112011-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> subgenre of blackened death metal,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> described by <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hard_(magazine)" title="Rock Hard (magazine)">Rock Hard</a> journalist Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann as "rabid"<a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> and "hammering".<a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> Important influences include first wave black metal band <a href="/wiki/Sodom_(band)" title="Sodom (band)">Sodom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mh112011-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> first wave black metal/death metal band <a href="/wiki/Possessed_(band)" title="Possessed (band)">Possessed</a><a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> as well as old <a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">grindcore</a>, black and death metal bands like <a href="/wiki/Repulsion_(band)" title="Repulsion (band)">Repulsion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mh112011-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Autopsy_(band)" title="Autopsy (band)">Autopsy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarc%C3%B3fago" title="Sarcófago">Sarcófago</a><a href="#cite_note-mh112011-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-rh304-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-rh307-102">[102]</a> and the first two <a href="/wiki/Sepultura" title="Sepultura">Sepultura</a> releases.<a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-rh307-102">[102]</a> War metal bands include <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_(band)" title="Blasphemy (band)">Blasphemy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mh112011-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-rh307-102">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Archgoat" title="Archgoat">Archgoat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Impiety_(band)" title="Impiety (band)">Impiety</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wbm-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/In_Battle" title="In Battle">In Battle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkeroth2008359-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Beherit" title="Beherit">Beherit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimson_Thorn" title="Crimson Thorn">Crimson Thorn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bestial_Warlust" title="Bestial Warlust">Bestial Warlust</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zyklon-B_(band)" title="Zyklon-B (band)">Zyklon-B</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brutal_death_metal">Brutal death metal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brutal death metal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">Brutal death metal</a></div> Brutal death metal is a subgenre of death metal that privileges heaviness, speed, and complex rhythms over other aspects, such as melody and timbres.<a href="#cite_note-masterclass-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lexington-107">[107]</a> Brutal death metal bands employ high-speed, palm-muted power chording and single-note riffage.<a href="#cite_note-Lexington-107">[107]</a> Notable bands include <a href="/wiki/Cannibal_Corpse" title="Cannibal Corpse">Cannibal Corpse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dying_Fetus" title="Dying Fetus">Dying Fetus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Lexington-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffocation_(band)" title="Suffocation (band)">Suffocation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cryptopsy" title="Cryptopsy">Cryptopsy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skinless" title="Skinless">Skinless</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BMDestroy-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-BMTrampleReview-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slam_death_metal">Slam death metal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Slam death metal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal#Slam_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">Brutal death metal § Slam death metal</a></div> Slam death metal is a brutal death metal <a href="/wiki/Microgenre" title="Microgenre">microgenre</a> that evolved from the 1990s <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> death metal scene, incorporating elements of <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-masterclass-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-114">[114]</a> In contrast to other death metal styles, it is not generally focused on guitar solos and blast beats; instead, it employs mid-tempo rhythms, breakdowns, and palm-muted riffing, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>-inspired vocal and drum beat rhythms.<a href="#cite_note-auto-114">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Breakdown_(music)#Heavy_metal_and_punk_rock" title="Breakdown (music)">breakdown</a> riff of <a href="/wiki/Suffocation_(band)" title="Suffocation (band)">Suffocation</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Effigy_of_the_Forgotten" title="Effigy of the Forgotten">Liege of Inveracity</a>" has been credited by <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> as the first slam riff in death metal.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The first wave of bands in the genre were New York bands like <a href="/wiki/Internal_Bleeding_(band)" title="Internal Bleeding (band)">Internal Bleeding</a> and Pyrexia,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> with notable subsequent acts including <a href="/wiki/Devourment" title="Devourment">Devourment</a><a href="#cite_note-K!-118">[118]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cephalotripsy_(band)" title="Cephalotripsy (band)">Cephalotripsy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death-doom">Death-doom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Death-doom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">Death-doom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:My_Dying_Bride_44.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/My_Dying_Bride_44.jpg/220px-My_Dying_Bride_44.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/My_Dying_Bride_44.jpg/330px-My_Dying_Bride_44.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/My_Dying_Bride_44.jpg/440px-My_Dying_Bride_44.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/My_Dying_Bride" title="My Dying Bride">My Dying Bride</a> at Frozen Rock Fest. 2007.</figcaption></figure> Death-doom is a style that combines the slow tempos and pessimistic atmosphere of <a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">doom metal</a> with the deep <a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">growling vocals</a> and double-kick drumming of death metal.<a href="#cite_note-Doom_Metal_Special:_Doom/Death_Terrorizer_#142-120">[120]</a> Influenced mostly by the early work of <a href="/wiki/Hellhammer" title="Hellhammer">Hellhammer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Frost" title="Celtic Frost">Celtic Frost</a>, the style emerged during the late 1980s and gained a certain amount of popularity during the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Doom_Metal_Special:_Doom/Death_Terrorizer_#142-120">[120]</a> Death-doom was also pioneered by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Winter_(metal_band)" title="Winter (metal band)">Winter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Disembowelment_(band)" title="Disembowelment (band)">Disembowelment</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost_(band)" title="Paradise Lost (band)">Paradise Lost</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Autopsy_(band)" title="Autopsy (band)">Autopsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anathema_(band)" title="Anathema (band)">Anathema</a>, and <a href="/wiki/My_Dying_Bride" title="My Dying Bride">My Dying Bride</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Funeral_doom">Funeral doom</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Funeral doom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Funeral_doom" title="Funeral doom">Funeral doom</a></div> Funeral doom is a genre that crosses <a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">death-doom</a> with <a href="/wiki/Dirge" title="Dirge">funeral dirge music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dirge-122">[122]</a> It is played at a very slow tempo, and places an emphasis on evoking a sense of emptiness and despair.<a href="#cite_note-Bandcamp-123">[123]</a> Typically, electric guitars are heavily distorted and <a href="/wiki/Dark_ambient" title="Dark ambient">dark ambient</a> aspects such as <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboards</a> or <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a> are often used to create a dreamlike atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-AE-124">[124]</a> Vocals consist of mournful chants or growls and are often in the background.<a href="#cite_note-AE-124">[124]</a> Funeral doom was pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Mournful_Congregation" title="Mournful Congregation">Mournful Congregation</a> (Australia), <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_(band)" title="Esoteric (band)">Esoteric</a> (United Kingdom), <a href="/wiki/Evoken" title="Evoken">Evoken</a> (United States), <a href="/wiki/Funeral_(band)" title="Funeral (band)">Funeral</a> (Norway), <a href="/wiki/Thergothon" title="Thergothon">Thergothon</a> (Finland), and <a href="/wiki/Skepticism_(band)" title="Skepticism (band)">Skepticism</a> (Finland).<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_'n'_roll">Death 'n' roll</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Death 'n' roll">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_%27n%27_roll" title="Death 'n' roll">Death 'n' roll</a></div> Death 'n' roll is a style that combines death metal's <a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">growled vocals</a> and highly <a href="/wiki/Distortion" title="Distortion">distorted</a> <a href="/wiki/Guitar_tunings" title="Guitar tunings">detuned</a> guitar riffs along with elements of 1970s <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Entombed-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gorefest-126">[126]</a> Notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Entombed_(band)" title="Entombed (band)">Entombed</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Entombed-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gorefest" title="Gorefest">Gorefest</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gorefest-126">[126]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Six_Feet_Under_(band)" title="Six Feet Under (band)">Six Feet Under</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deathcore">Deathcore</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Deathcore">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></div> With the rise in popularity of <a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">metalcore</a>, some of its traits have been combined with death metal. Bands such as <a href="/wiki/Suicide_Silence" title="Suicide Silence">Suicide Silence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnifex_(band)" title="Carnifex (band)">Carnifex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salt_the_Wound" title="Salt the Wound">Salt the Wound</a> combine death metal with a variance of metalcore elements.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Characteristics of death metal, such as fast drumming (including <a href="/wiki/Blast_beats" class="mw-redirect" title="Blast beats">blast beats</a>), down-tuned guitars, <a href="/wiki/Tremolo_picking" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremolo picking">tremolo picking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">growled vocals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Screaming_(music)" title="Screaming (music)">high-pitched shrieks</a> are combined with the <a href="/wiki/Break_(music)#Metal_and_punk" title="Break (music)">breakdowns</a> of metalcore. <a href="/wiki/Decibel_(magazine)" title="Decibel (magazine)">Decibel</a> magazine stated that "one of <a href="/wiki/Suffocation_(band)" title="Suffocation (band)">Suffocation</a>'s trademarks, breakdowns, has spawned an entire metal subgenre: deathcore."<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deathgrind,_goregrind_and_pornogrind">Deathgrind, goregrind and pornogrind</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Deathgrind, goregrind and pornogrind">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">Goregrind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">Pornogrind</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aborted_Coolness%27tival_31107_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aborted_Coolness%27tival_31107_06.jpg/220px-Aborted_Coolness%27tival_31107_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aborted_Coolness%27tival_31107_06.jpg/330px-Aborted_Coolness%27tival_31107_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aborted_Coolness%27tival_31107_06.jpg/440px-Aborted_Coolness%27tival_31107_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1243" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aborted" title="Aborted">Aborted</a> are "key contributors to the <a href="/wiki/Deathgrind" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathgrind">death-grind</a> genres," according to <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></figcaption></figure> Goregrind, deathgrind and pornogrind<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200324-131">[131]</a> are styles that mix <a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">grindcore</a> with death metal, with goregrind focused on themes like <a href="/wiki/Graphic_violence" title="Graphic violence">gore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forensic_pathology" title="Forensic pathology">forensic pathology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Terrorizer-132">[132]</a> and pornogrind dealing with sexual and <a href="/wiki/Porn" class="mw-redirect" title="Porn">pornographic</a> themes.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-washingtoncity-134">[134]</a> Some notable examples of these genres are <a href="/wiki/Brujeria_(band)" title="Brujeria (band)">Brujeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle_Decapitation" title="Cattle Decapitation">Cattle Decapitation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cephalic_Carnage" title="Cephalic Carnage">Cephalic Carnage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig_Destroyer" title="Pig Destroyer">Pig Destroyer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_Dead_Children" title="Circle of Dead Children">Circle of Dead Children</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Sound" title="Rotten Sound">Rotten Sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gut_(band)" title="Gut (band)">Gut</a>,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cock_and_Ball_Torture_(band)" title="Cock and Ball Torture (band)">Cock and Ball Torture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deathrash">Deathrash</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Deathrash">edit</a>]</div> Deathrash, also known as death-thrash, is a shorthand term to describe bands who play a fusion of death metal and <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Deathrash-140">[140]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkeroth2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-141">[141]</a> The genre gained notoriety in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, Indonesia, where it attracted criticism of being related to the accelerated tourism development on the island and the superseding of its local culture, particularly by <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakartan</a> one.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Notable bands include <a href="/wiki/Grave_(band)" title="Grave (band)">Grave</a>,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mortification_(band)" title="Mortification (band)">Mortification</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AMO-144">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(band)" title="The Crown (band)">The Crown</a>,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkeroth2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-141">[141]</a> Incapacity,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_141-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkeroth2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-141">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/Darkane" title="Darkane">Darkane</a>,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_141-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkeroth2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-141">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deathchain" title="Deathchain">Deathchain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Deathrash-140">[140]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sepultura" title="Sepultura">Sepultura</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aln97-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_death_metal">Industrial death metal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Industrial death metal">edit</a>]</div> Industrial death metal is a genre of death metal that adds elements of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kerrang-146">[146]</a> Some notable bands include <a href="/wiki/Fear_Factory" title="Fear Factory">Fear Factory</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AM_FF-147">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anaal_Nathrakh" title="Anaal Nathrakh">Anaal Nathrakh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic.com-149">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Autokrator_(metal_band)" title="Autokrator (metal band)">Autokrator</a>,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meathook_Seed" title="Meathook Seed">Meathook Seed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kerrang-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Melodic_death_metal">Melodic death metal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Melodic death metal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">Melodic death metal</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_Gates_Sweden_Rock_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/At_the_Gates_Sweden_Rock_2008.jpg/220px-At_the_Gates_Sweden_Rock_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/At_the_Gates_Sweden_Rock_2008.jpg/330px-At_the_Gates_Sweden_Rock_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/At_the_Gates_Sweden_Rock_2008.jpg/440px-At_the_Gates_Sweden_Rock_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1201" /></a><figcaption>Melodic death metal band <a href="/wiki/At_the_Gates" title="At the Gates">At the Gates</a> performing in 2008.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_death_metal" title="Swedish death metal">Swedish death metal</a> could be considered the forerunner of "melodic death metal." Melodic death metal, occasionally shortened to "melodeath", is a fusion of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> with elements of death metal. The subgenre is heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_British_heavy_metal" title="New wave of British heavy metal">new wave of British heavy metal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Unlike most other death metal, melodeath usually features screams instead of growls, slower tempos, and much stronger emphasis on melody. Clean vocals may be used on occasion. <a href="/wiki/Carcass_(band)" title="Carcass (band)">Carcass</a> is sometimes credited with releasing the first melodic death metal album with 1993's <a href="/wiki/Heartwork" title="Heartwork">Heartwork</a>, although Swedish bands <a href="/wiki/In_Flames" title="In Flames">In Flames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dark_Tranquillity" title="Dark Tranquillity">Dark Tranquillity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/At_the_Gates" title="At the Gates">At the Gates</a> are usually mentioned as the main pioneers of the genre and of the <a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal#Background" title="Melodic death metal">Gothenburg metal</a> sound. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_school_death_metal">Old school death metal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Old school death metal">edit</a>]</div> Old school death metal is a style of death metal that is characterized by slower <a href="/wiki/Tempos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempos">tempos</a> and simpler <a href="/wiki/Song_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Song structures">song structures</a>.The style typically employs fewer <a href="/wiki/Blast_beats" class="mw-redirect" title="Blast beats">blast beats</a> and is less concerned with the technical aspects of songwriting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> It gained prominence in the late 1990s, with bands like <a href="/wiki/Repugnant" title="Repugnant">Repugnant</a>,<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_141-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkeroth2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-141">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thanatos_(band)" title="Thanatos (band)">Thanatos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Necrophagia" title="Necrophagia">Necrophagia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abscess_(band)" title="Abscess (band)">Abscess</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bloodbath" title="Bloodbath">Bloodbath</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mortem" title="Mortem">Mortem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurcell200323-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symphonic_death_metal">Symphonic death metal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Symphonic death metal">edit</a>]</div> Symphonic death metal is a genre of death metal that adds elements of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>. Bands described as symphonic death metal include <a href="/wiki/Fleshgod_Apocalypse" title="Fleshgod Apocalypse">Fleshgod Apocalypse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Septicflesh" title="Septicflesh">Septicflesh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Necronomicon_(band)" title="Necronomicon (band)">Necronomicon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Bodom" title="Children of Bodom">Children of Bodom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Haggard_(band)" title="Haggard (band)">Haggard</a>'s 2000 album, <a href="/wiki/Awaking_the_Centuries" title="Awaking the Centuries">Awaking the Centuries</a>, has been described as death metal-styled symphonic metal.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_death_metal">Technical death metal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Technical death metal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">Technical death metal</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nile_in_performance_(S%C3%A3o_Paulo,_2010).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nile_in_performance_%28S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_2010%29.jpg/200px-Nile_in_performance_%28S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_2010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nile_in_performance_%28S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_2010%29.jpg/300px-Nile_in_performance_%28S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_2010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nile_in_performance_%28S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_2010%29.jpg/400px-Nile_in_performance_%28S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_2010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Technical death metal band <a href="/wiki/Nile_(band)" title="Nile (band)">Nile</a> performing in 2010.</figcaption></figure> Technical death metal (also known as tech-death, progressive death metal, or prog-death)<a href="#cite_note-techprog1-160">[160]</a> is a subgenre of death metal that employs dynamic song structures, uncommon time signatures, atypical rhythms and unusual harmonies and melodies. Bands described as technical death metal or progressive death metal usually fuse common death metal aesthetics with elements of <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> or <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>. While the term technical death metal is sometimes used to describe bands that focus on speed and extremity as well as complexity, the line between progressive and technical death metal is thin. Tech death and prog death, for short, are terms commonly applied to such bands as <a href="/wiki/Nile_(band)" title="Nile (band)">Nile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edge_of_Sanity" title="Edge of Sanity">Edge of Sanity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Opeth" title="Opeth">Opeth</a>. <a href="/wiki/Necrophagist" title="Necrophagist">Necrophagist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spawn_of_Possession" title="Spawn of Possession">Spawn of Possession</a> are known for a classical music-influenced death metal style. Death metal pioneers <a href="/wiki/Death_(metal_band)" title="Death (metal band)">Death</a> also refined their style in a more progressive direction in their final years. Some albums for this subgenre are <a href="/wiki/Hallucinations_(Atrocity_album)" title="Hallucinations (Atrocity album)">Hallucinations</a> (1990) by the German band <a href="/wiki/Atrocity_(band)" title="Atrocity (band)">Atrocity</a> and Death's <a href="/wiki/Human_(Death_album)" title="Human (Death album)">Human</a> (1991). This style has significantly influenced many bands, creating a stream that in Europe was carried out at first by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Gory_Blister" title="Gory Blister">Gory Blister</a> and Electrocution.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> The Polish band <a href="/wiki/Decapitated_(band)" title="Decapitated (band)">Decapitated</a> gained recognition as one of Europe's primary modern technical death metal acts.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_death_metal_bands" title="List of death metal bands">List of death metal bands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-allmusic-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402094104/http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d384">"Death Metal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/death-metal-ma0000002547">the original</a> on April 2, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2008. <q>Death Metal grew out of the thrash metal in the late '80s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Death+Metal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fdeath-metal-ma0000002547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayer2009" class="citation book cs1">Bayer, Gerd (2009). 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Retrieved July 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phoenix+New+Times&rft.atitle=Discover+Your+Next+Favorite+Phoenix+Metal+Band+at+AZ+Brutal+Fest&rft.date=2015-04-14&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoenixnewtimes.com%2Fmusic%2Fdiscover-your-next-favorite-phoenix-metal-band-at-az-brutal-fest-7287179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShteamer2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Shteamer, Hank (November 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/suffocation-gramercy-theatre-frank-mullen-final-show-review-758169/">"Farewell, Frank Mullen: Suffocation's Death-Metal Maestro Goes Out on Top"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. Retrieved September 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Farewell%2C+Frank+Mullen%3A+Suffocation%27s+Death-Metal+Maestro+Goes+Out+on+Top&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft.aulast=Shteamer&rft.aufirst=Hank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fsuffocation-gramercy-theatre-frank-mullen-final-show-review-758169%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurcell2015" class="citation book cs1">Purcell, Natalie J. (September 17, 2015). Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786484065" title="Special:BookSources/9780786484065"><bdi>9780786484065</bdi></a>. <q>Many New York style bands like Suffocation, Dying Fetus and Internal Bleeding are slam-orientated and bass-based; this sort of music promotes dancing with rapid shifts from low and slow to fast and blast.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+Metal+Music%3A+The+Passion+and+Politics+of+a+Subculture&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft.isbn=9780786484065&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=Natalie+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurcell2015" class="citation book cs1">Purcell, Natalie J. (September 17, 2015). Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786484065" title="Special:BookSources/9780786484065"><bdi>9780786484065</bdi></a>. <q>Slow 'slam' riffs helped bands like Internal Bleeding and Pyrexia, inspired by Suffocation, to become successful in the mid 1990s. Today, New York style bands like Skinless and Dying Fetus dominate the scene with 'crowd-pleasing mosh riffs'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+Metal+Music%3A+The+Passion+and+Politics+of+a+Subculture&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft.isbn=9780786484065&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=Natalie+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-K!-118"><a href="#cite_ref-K!_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorgdrager2019" class="citation web cs1">Zorgdrager, Bradley (August 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kerrang.com/features/how-brutal-death-metal-is-confronting-its-misogyny-problem/">"How Brutal Death Metal Is Confronting Its Misogyny Problem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a>. 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Retrieved February 15, 2008. <q>Erase, was released in 1994 and found the band moving subtly toward more traditional forms of metal, partly through its sure sense of groove. That approach crystallized on 1996's Soul Survivor, which combined death metal with the elegant power and accessibility of '70s British metal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Gorefest+Biography&rft.aulast=Steve&rft.aufirst=Huey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp39113%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young" class="citation web cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001083537/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/ohio/cleveland/salt+the+wound1">"Salt the Wound"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MusicMight" title="MusicMight">MusicMight</a>. 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Retrieved February 7, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blabbermouth.net&rft.atitle=Decapitated%27s+New+Lineup+Performs+Live+For+First+Time&rft.date=2010-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnerrecords.com%2Fblabbermouth.net%2Fnews.aspx%3Fmode%3DArticle%26newsitemID%3D134476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChriste2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Christe" title="Ian Christe">Christe, Ian</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Sound_of_the_Beast:_The_Complete_Headbanging_History_of_Heavy_Metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal">Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-81127-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-81127-4"><bdi>978-0-380-81127-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sound+of+the+Beast%3A+The+Complete+Headbanging+History+of+Heavy+Metal&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-380-81127-4&rft.aulast=Christe&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkeroth2008" class="citation book cs1">Ekeroth, Daniel (2008). Swedish Death Metal. <a href="/wiki/Bazillion_Points" title="Bazillion Points">Bazillion Points</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9796163-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9796163-1-0"><bdi>978-0-9796163-1-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swedish+Death+Metal&rft.pub=Bazillion+Points&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-9796163-1-0&rft.aulast=Ekeroth&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahn-Harris2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Kahn-Harris" title="Keith Kahn-Harris">Kahn-Harris, Keith</a> (2007). Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge. <a href="/wiki/Berg_Publishers" title="Berg Publishers">Berg Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-399-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-399-3"><bdi>978-1-84520-399-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extreme+Metal%3A+Music+and+Culture+on+the+Edge&rft.pub=Berg+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-399-3&rft.aulast=Kahn-Harris&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIver2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joel_McIver" title="Joel McIver">McIver, Joel</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/extrememetal00mciv">Extreme Metal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Press" title="Omnibus Press">Omnibus Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7333-005-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7333-005-9"><bdi>978-88-7333-005-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extreme+Metal&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-88-7333-005-9&rft.aulast=McIver&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fextrememetal00mciv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMudrian2004" class="citation book cs1">Mudrian, Albert (2004). <a href="/wiki/Choosing_Death:_The_Improbable_History_of_Death_Metal_%26_Grindcore" title="Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal & Grindcore">Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal & Grindcore</a>. <a href="/wiki/Feral_House" title="Feral House">Feral House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932595-04-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932595-04-8"><bdi>978-1-932595-04-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Choosing+Death%3A+The+Improbable+History+of+Death+Metal+%26+Grindcore&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-932595-04-8&rft.aulast=Mudrian&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetherton2014" class="citation book cs1">Netherton, Jason (2014). Extremity Retained: Notes From the Death Metal Underground. Handshake, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-631734-74-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-631734-74-8"><bdi>978-1-631734-74-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extremity+Retained%3A+Notes+From+the+Death+Metal+Underground&rft.pub=Handshake%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-631734-74-8&rft.aulast=Netherton&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurcell2003" class="citation book cs1">Purcell, Natalie J. (2003). Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1585-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1585-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-1585-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+Metal+Music%3A+The+Passion+and+Politics+of+a+Subculture&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1585-4&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=Natalie+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrother2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Strother, Eric (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34244830">Unlocking the Paradox of Christian Metal Music</a> (PhD thesis). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a>. p. 70, note 110. Retrieved October 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Unlocking+the+Paradox+of+Christian+Metal+Music&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Strother&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34244830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinford2013" class="citation book cs1">Swinford, Dean (2013). Death Metal Epic (Book I: The Inverted Katabasis). Atlatl Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9883484-3-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9883484-3-1"><bdi>978-0-9883484-3-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+Metal+Epic+%28Book+I%3A+The+Inverted+Katabasis%29&rft.pub=Atlatl+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-9883484-3-1&rft.aulast=Swinford&rft.aufirst=Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+metal" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_metal&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extreme_metal125" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extreme_metal" title="Template:Extreme metal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extreme_metal" title="Template talk:Extreme metal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extreme_metal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extreme metal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extreme_metal125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extreme_metal" title="Extreme metal">Extreme metal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_black_metal" title="Symphonic black metal">symphonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unblack_metal" title="Unblack metal">unblack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">death metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">brutal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_death_metal" title="Christian death metal">christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">technical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">doom metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackened_death_metal" title="Blackened death metal">Blackened death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackgaze" title="Blackgaze">blackgaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">crossover thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">crust punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">death-doom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_doom" title="Funeral doom">funeral doom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_%27n%27_roll" title="Death 'n' roll">death 'n' roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_metal" title="Drone metal">drone metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">grindcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">goregrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">pornogrind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">metalcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">pagan metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sludge_metal" title="Sludge metal">sludge metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivative forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Avant-garde metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_synth" title="Dungeon synth">dungeon synth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">funk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">gothic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_metal" title="Groove metal">groove metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_metal" title="Neoclassical metal">neoclassical metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-metal" title="Post-metal">post-metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_thrash_metal" title="Australian thrash metal">Australian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_thrash_metal" title="Bay Area thrash metal">Bay Area thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Early Norwegian black metal scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_death_metal" title="Florida death metal">Florida death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_L%C3%A9gions_Noires" title="Les Légions Noires">Les Légions Noires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_death_metal" title="Swedish death metal">Swedish death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_thrash_metal" title="Teutonic thrash metal">Teutonic thrash metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">Death growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_genres" title="Heavy metal genres">heavy metal genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshing" title="Moshing">moshing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_British_heavy_metal" title="New wave of British heavy metal">New wave of British heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screaming_(music)" title="Screaming (music)">screaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_metal_bands" title="List of extreme metal bands">List of bands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hardcore_punk50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hardcore_punk" title="Template:Hardcore punk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hardcore_punk" title="Template talk:Hardcore punk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hardcore_punk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hardcore punk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hardcore_punk50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandana_thrash" title="Bandana thrash">Bandana thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">Beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hardcore" title="Christian hardcore">Christian hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">Crossover thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">Crust punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-beat" title="D-beat">D-beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathgrind" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathgrind">Deathgrind</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_hardcore" title="Digital hardcore">Digital hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">Goregrind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">Pornogrind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">Grindcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnacore" title="Krishnacore">Krishnacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">Mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_hardcore" title="Melodic hardcore">Melodic hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">Melodic metalcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">Metalcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nardcore" class="mw-redirect" title="Nardcore">Nardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">Post-hardcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerviolence" title="Powerviolence">Powerviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Progressive metalcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queercore" title="Queercore">Queercore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">Riot grrrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screamo" title="Screamo">Screamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk">Skacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_punk" title="Skate punk">Skate punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sludge_metal" title="Sludge metal">Sludge metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">Speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">Street punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwacore" title="Taqwacore">Taqwacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">Thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrashcore" title="Thrashcore">Thrashcore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Hardcore" title="Buenos Aires Hardcore">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_hardcore" title="Australian hardcore">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_in_Brazil" title="Punk in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_hardcore_punk" title="Canadian hardcore punk">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_punk" title="Greek punk">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_hardcore" title="Italian hardcore">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hardcore" title="Japanese hardcore">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hardcore punk in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_hardcore" title="Boston hardcore">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_California" title="Punk rock in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_hardcore" title="Chicago hardcore">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_hardcore" title="Minneapolis hardcore">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_hardcore" title="New York hardcore">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_hardcore" title="Washington, D.C., hardcore">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hardcore_punk_bands" title="List of hardcore punk bands">List of hardcore punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hardcore_punk_subgenres" title="List of hardcore punk subgenres">List of hardcore punk subgenres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_skinhead" title="Hardcore skinhead">Hardcore skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musicians_in_the_second_wave_of_punk_rock" title="List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock">List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshing" title="Moshing">Moshing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi!">Oi!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_ideologies" title="Punk ideologies">Punk ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">Punk subculture</a> (includes section on hardcore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_crew" title="Youth crew">Youth crew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heavy_metal303" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heavy_metal_music" title="Template:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heavy_metal_music" title="Template talk:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heavy_metal_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heavy_metal303" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_genres" title="Heavy metal genres">Subgenres and fusion genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_metal" title="Alternative metal">Alternative metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Avant-garde metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">Beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biker_metal" title="Biker metal">Biker metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_black_metal" title="Symphonic black metal">Symphonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackened_death_metal" title="Blackened death metal">Blackened death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackgaze" title="Blackgaze">Blackgaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_metal" title="Christian metal">Christian metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_death_metal" title="Christian death metal">Christian death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unblack_metal" title="Unblack metal">Unblack metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">Crust punk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Death metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">Brutal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">Melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">Technical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathgrind" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathgrind">Deathgrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_%27n%27_roll" title="Death 'n' roll">Death 'n' roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">Death-doom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_doom" title="Funeral doom">Funeral doom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djent" title="Djent">Djent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">Doom metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_metal" title="Drone metal">Drone metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_metal" title="Extreme metal">Extreme metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">Funk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">Glam metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">Goregrind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">Pornogrind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">Gothic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">Grindcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_metal" title="Groove metal">Groove metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">Industrial metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_metal" title="Kawaii metal">Kawaii metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Latin metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">Mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">Metalcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">Melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_metal" title="Neoclassical metal">Neoclassical metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_H%C3%A4rte" title="Neue Deutsche Härte">Neue Deutsche Härte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">Pagan metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_metal" title="Pirate metal">Pirate metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">Pornogrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-metal" title="Post-metal">Post-metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">Power metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Progressive metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal">Rap metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sludge_metal" title="Sludge metal">Sludge metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">Speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoner metal">Stoner metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">Symphonic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">Thrash metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">Crossover thrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_bass" title="Heavy metal bass">Bass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzz_bass" title="Fuzz bass">Fuzz bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_drumming" title="Heavy metal drumming">Drumming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blast_beat" title="Blast beat">Blast beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbal_choke" title="Cymbal choke">Cymbal choke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_gallop" title="Heavy metal gallop">Gallop drumbeat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_guitar" title="Heavy metal guitar">Guitar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_solo" title="Guitar solo">Guitar solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_mute" title="Palm mute">Palm muting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_chord" title="Power chord">Power chord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shred_guitar" title="Shred guitar">Shred guitar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_lyrics" title="Heavy metal lyrics">Lyrics</a></li> <li>Vocals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">Death growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screaming_(music)" title="Screaming (music)">Screaming</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable scenes and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_heavy_metal" title="African heavy metal">African heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_heavy_metal" title="Argentine heavy metal">Argentine heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_thrash_metal" title="Australian thrash metal">Australian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_heavy_metal" title="Australian heavy metal">Australian heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_heavy_metal" title="Bangladeshi heavy metal">Bangladeshi heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_thrash_metal" title="Bay Area thrash metal">Bay Area thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_heavy_metal" title="Canadian heavy metal">Canadian heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_heavy_metal" title="Chinese heavy metal">Chinese heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_death_metal" title="Florida death metal">Florida death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_metal" title="Hungarian metal">Hungarian metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_metal_music" title="Indigenous metal music">Indigenous metal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_metal" title="Japanese metal">Japanese metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_L%C3%A9gions_Noires" title="Les Légions Noires">Les Légions Noires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_American_heavy_metal" title="New wave of American heavy metal">New wave of American heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_British_heavy_metal" title="New wave of British heavy metal">New wave of British heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Early Norwegian black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_death_metal" title="Swedish death metal">Swedish death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_thrash_metal" title="Teutonic thrash metal">Teutonic thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_metal" title="Ukrainian metal">Ukrainian metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_subculture" title="Heavy metal subculture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_metal_bands" title="List of heavy metal bands">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_heavy_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmentalism in heavy metal">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion" title="Heavy metal fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_metal_festivals" title="List of heavy metal festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headbanging" title="Headbanging">Headbanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_subculture" title="Heavy metal subculture">Heavy metal subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_umlaut" title="Metal umlaut">Umlaut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Heavy_metal_music" 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/888711/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2003006845">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135090478">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135090478">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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