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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Technical facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Station_closedown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Station_closedown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Station closedown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Station_closedown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swinging_Radio_England_and_Britain_Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swinging_Radio_England_and_Britain_Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Swinging Radio England and Britain Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swinging_Radio_England_and_Britain_Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_pop_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_pop_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In pop culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_pop_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderful_Radio_London" title="Wonderful Radio London – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Wonderful Radio London" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_London" title="Radio London – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radio London" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_London_(zeezender)" title="Radio London (zeezender) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Radio London (zeezender)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderful_Radio_London" title="Wonderful Radio London – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wonderful Radio London" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderful_Radio_London" title="Wonderful Radio London – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wonderful Radio London" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderful_Radio_London" title="Wonderful Radio London – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wonderful Radio London" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Offshore pirate-radio station</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the BBC local radio station launched in 1970, see <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_London" title="BBC Radio London">BBC Radio London</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wonderful_Radio_London" title="Special:EditPage/Wonderful Radio London">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Wonderful+Radio+London%22">"Wonderful Radio London"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Wonderful+Radio+London%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Wonderful+Radio+London%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Wonderful+Radio+London%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Wonderful+Radio+London%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Wonderful+Radio+London%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_London_Ship_-_MV_Galaxy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Radio_London_Ship_-_MV_Galaxy.jpg/220px-Radio_London_Ship_-_MV_Galaxy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Radio_London_Ship_-_MV_Galaxy.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Radio London's transmitter ship, the MV <i>Galaxy</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Radio London</b>, also known as <b>Big L</b> and <b>Wonderful Radio London</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">top 40</a> (in London's case, the "<a href="/wiki/Fab_40" title="Fab 40">Fab 40</a>") offshore commercial station that operated from 23 December 1964 to 14 August 1967, from a ship anchored in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, three and a half miles (5.6 km) off <a href="/wiki/Frinton-on-Sea" title="Frinton-on-Sea">Frinton-on-Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, England. </p><p>The station, like other <a href="/wiki/Offshore_radio" title="Offshore radio">offshore radio</a> operators, was dubbed a <a href="/wiki/UK_pirate_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="UK pirate radio">pirate radio</a> station, and went off air following the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Marine,_%26c.,_Broadcasting_(Offences)_Act_1967" title="Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967">Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967</a> which made it illegal to supply or assist such stations except in an emergency. The station was notable for helping to launch the careers of various disc jockeys who went on to work at <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a>. Its offices were in the <a href="/wiki/West_End_of_London" title="West End of London">West End of London</a> at 17 <a href="/wiki/Curzon_Street" title="Curzon Street">Curzon Street</a>, just off <a href="/wiki/Park_Lane" title="Park Lane">Park Lane</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_station">Origin of the station</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of the station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radio London was the brainchild of <a href="/wiki/Don_Pierson" title="Don Pierson">Don Pierson</a>, who lived in <a href="/wiki/Eastland,_Texas" title="Eastland, Texas">Eastland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, United States. In a 1984 interview, Pierson said he got the idea in 1964, while reading a report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a></i> of the start of <a href="/wiki/Radio_Caroline" title="Radio Caroline">Radio Caroline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Atlanta" title="Radio Atlanta">Radio Atlanta</a> from ships that were at that time anchored off south-east England. </p><p>Pierson said he was struck by the fact that those two <a href="/wiki/Offshore_radio" title="Offshore radio">offshore stations</a> were the first and only all-day <a href="/wiki/Commercial_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial radio">commercial radio</a> broadcasters serving the UK. An <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a>, he compared the number of stations then serving the population of his native northwest Texas with the two stations serving the entire UK. He told <a href="/wiki/Eric_Gilder" title="Eric Gilder">Eric Gilder</a> that he thought his idea would make a lot of money while bringing enjoyment to many people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Pierson caught the next night flight from <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Love_Field" title="Dallas Love Field">Love Field</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> to the UK, where he chartered a small plane and flew over the two radio ships. After taking photographs, he returned to Texas determined to create a station bigger and better than either. </p><p>Radio London broadcast from the MV <i>Galaxy</i>, a former <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweeper</a>, originally named <a href="/wiki/USS_Density_(AM-218)" title="USS Density (AM-218)">USS <i>Density</i></a>. It was fitted out for radio broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, then sailed across the Atlantic to the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, where the antenna was erected, before final positioning off the Essex coast. The operation was overseen by one of the other investors, Tom Danaher. </p><p>Owing to a disagreement with the other investors, Pierson left the Radio London consortium. His participation ended several weeks before the station went on air, although he kept a small shareholding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadcasting_staff">Broadcasting staff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Broadcasting staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The disc jockeys included Chuck Blair, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blackburn" title="Tony Blackburn">Tony Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Brady_(presenter)" title="Pete Brady (presenter)">Pete Brady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Brandon" title="Tony Brandon">Tony Brandon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Cash_(DJ)" title="Dave Cash (DJ)">Dave Cash</a> (who also teamed up to present a popular <i>Kenny and Cash Show</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ian_Damon" title="Ian Damon">Ian Damon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Denning" title="Chris Denning">Chris Denning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Spence" title="Neil Spence">Dave Dennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Drummond" title="Pete Drummond">Pete Drummond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Edward" title="Johnny Edward">John Edward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Everett" title="Kenny Everett">Kenny Everett</a> (co-host of the <i>Kenny and Cash Show</i>, and ultimately fired for continual on-air criticism of the religious programme, <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Tomorrow_(radio_and_television)" title="The World Tomorrow (radio and television)">The World Tomorrow</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-toney_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graham Gill, Bill Hearne, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Johnson_(DJ)" title="Duncan Johnson (DJ)">Duncan Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kaye_(broadcaster)" title="Paul Kaye (broadcaster)">Paul Kaye</a> (who became the main news reader), Lorne King, "Marshall" Mike Lennox, <a href="/wiki/John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/The_Perfumed_Garden_(radio_show)" title="The Perfumed Garden (radio show)">The Perfumed Garden</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Earl_Richmond_(broadcaster)" title="Earl Richmond (broadcaster)">Earl Richmond</a>, Mark Roman, <a href="/wiki/John_Sedd" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sedd">John Sedd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Skues" title="Keith Skues">Keith Skues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Stewart" title="Ed Stewart">Ed Stewart</a>, Norman St. John, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vance" title="Tommy Vance">Tommy Vance</a> (who came to the station via <a href="/wiki/Radio_Caroline_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Caroline South">Radio Caroline South</a> and had been on <a href="/wiki/KHJ_(AM)" title="KHJ (AM)">KHJ</a> Los Angeles), Richard Warner, Willy Walker, Alan West, Tony Windsor (who had begun his offshore career with <a href="/wiki/Radio_Atlanta" title="Radio Atlanta">Radio Atlanta</a>) and John Yorke. </p><p>In August 1966, <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> began their last US concert tour. After the storm John Lennon's "<a href="/wiki/More_popular_than_Jesus" title="More popular than Jesus">more popular than Jesus</a>" comment caused in the US, the group's reception was a cause for speculation – and the Beatles' management arranged for British journalists to accompany them. Radio London's Kenny Everett (a Liverpudlian), Caroline's Jerry Leighton, and Swinging Radio England's <a href="/wiki/Ron_O%27Quinn" title="Ron O'Quinn">Ron O'Quinn</a> were invited. Because the UK Post Office – at that time the country's monopoly telephone service provider – had cut ship-to-shore communication with pirate vessels, Everett had to call a number on land. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kaye_(broadcaster)" title="Paul Kaye (broadcaster)">Paul Kaye</a> would go ashore, take the call in Harwich and tape the conversation before heading back to the ship, where the recording was edited and music inserted to make a 30-minute programme, sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Bassett%27s" title="Bassett's">Bassett's</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Babies" title="Jelly Babies">Jelly Babies</a> were allegedly the Beatles' favourite. The shows went out each evening at 7.30 for 40 days of the tour.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967, Radio London got an eight-day UK exclusive on the <i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i>, playing it first on 12 May 1967. The album was in the shops on 1 June 1967, but Everett had left the station on 21 March that year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advertising_sales">Advertising sales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Advertising sales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Cadillac car dealer in <a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, who became one of the investors associated with Pierson, nominated Philip Birch, a <a href="/wiki/J._Walter_Thompson" title="J. Walter Thompson">J. Walter Thompson</a> account director who had relocated from JWT's offices in the US to their offices in London. Birch became managing director, responsible for the entire management of Radio London and its sales company, Radlon (Sales). Birch was largely responsible for the station's success, tailoring the American-style format to a British audience. </p><p>The cost of the station was covered by local and national advertising and the half-hour religious commentary, <i>The World Tomorrow</i>, presented by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_W._Armstrong" title="Herbert W. Armstrong">Herbert W. Armstrong</a> or his son, <a href="/wiki/Garner_Ted_Armstrong" title="Garner Ted Armstrong">Garner Ted Armstrong</a>. The Armstrongs' <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Church_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldwide Church of God">Worldwide Church of God</a> sponsored the station with £50,000 a year. <i>The World Tomorrow</i> aired at 7pm, outside prime hours.<sup id="cite_ref-toney_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British authorities would not register a British sales company called "Radio London" because the name was "too similar" to an existing company, Commercial Radio (London), so it was registered as "Radlon (Sales) Ltd". It was owned by Philip Birch and was the name on the air for advertising sales. The investors were in Texas and used different names for interlocking companies outside the UK and USA to disguise their interests, primarily for tax reasons. </p><p>After closure of <i>Big L</i>, Birch became the founding managing director of <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccadilly Radio">Piccadilly Radio</a>, which was awarded the UK licence for <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> in 1973 and became one of Britain's most successful radio stations. He also founded Air Services, selling national advertising for stations throughout the UK. He continued as CEO of Piccadilly Radio and chairman of Air Services until his retirement in January 1984. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Station_name">Station name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Station name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The station was to have been called <b>Radio KLIF London</b>, using recorded programmes from the <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> AM radio station, <a href="/wiki/KLIF_(AM)" title="KLIF (AM)">KLIF</a> 1190. When it was decided that the sound should be live and geared towards a British audience and culture, Pierson hired Ben Toney as Programme Director. Philip Birch was appointed CEO in charge of the radio station and advertising sales. Birch suggested calling the station Radio Galaxy, in anticipation of its star-making ability. </p><p>As a compromise the minesweeper was renamed MV <i>Galaxy</i> while the station itself became Radio London. However, the <a href="/wiki/PAMS" title="PAMS">PAMS</a> jingles brought a refinement of the name so that it was known as <i>Wonderful Radio London</i> and <i>Big L</i>; just as KLIF in Dallas called its hometown <i>Big D</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_facilities">Technical facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technical facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virtually all DJ programmes originated live from a studio located in the hold at the rear of the ship. The original studio was installed by RCA while the ship was being fitted out in Miami, but the ship's metal bulkheads presented problems with acoustics and soundproofing. That was rectified by lining the walls with mattresses and blankets from the crew's bunk beds, although that meant no-one could sleep during the daytime. In early 1966, two new studios were constructed (also below the water-line), with proper acoustics and a more ergonomic layout - the main on-air/DJ studio had a modern sound/mixing board, and a smaller one for the hourly news bulletins, production (of commercials, etc.) and as backup. </p><p>Radio London's transmitter was housed in a large purpose-built steel shed on the rear deck, because it was too large to fit in the hold. The US-manufactured <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a> <a href="/wiki/Ampliphase" title="Ampliphase">Ampliphase</a> transmitter was rated at 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watts</a> (50<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW). An on-air slogan ran 'Your 50,000-watt Tower of Power', although initially it operated at 17<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Caroline" title="Radio Caroline">Radio Caroline</a>, its main rival, operated with a <a href="/wiki/Continental_Electronics" title="Continental Electronics">Continental Electronics</a> 10<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW transmitter. In 1966, Caroline South upgraded to a 50<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW Continental transmitter and, for a time, Radio London pretended to retaliate by increasing its power to 75<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW. </p><p>The station's antenna was a vertical-guyed tubular steel mast aft of the bridge. Radio London's publicity claimed the mast was 212 ft (65 m) high, but later calculations from photographs indicated that it was approximately 170 ft (52 m), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.hansknot.com/2007-10b.htm">[1]</a>. The positioning of the antenna was at the ship's centre of gravity and that was critical, as no cement ballast was used in the ship's hull to counteract movement caused by such a tall and heavy mast on a floating vessel. </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a> was announced as "266 metres", the station experimented with <a href="/wiki/Frequencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequencies">frequencies</a> between <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1133</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span>, <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1115</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span> and <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1155</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span>, and tended to suffer night-time <a href="/wiki/Heterodyne" title="Heterodyne">heterodyne</a> interference from stations in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> and elsewhere. In October 1966, a number of test transmissions took place on <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1079</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span>, announced as "277 metres", using a 10<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW standby transmitter, but it was decided not to change frequency on a permanent basis. When Radio 270 off Scarborough UK started transmissions in June 1966 on <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1115</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span>, it interfered with Big L Radio London for about 5 days, before Radio London finally made the big step from <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1115</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span> to its permanent and final <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1155</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span> that had the typical 4 and 5 kHz heterodynes caused by <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1151</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span> and <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1160</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span>. In early 1966, Radio London briefly hopped from <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1133</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span> to <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1115</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span> due to its increased strong signal, causing interference to Radio Zagreb on <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1133</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span>. In October 1966, QSL cards reported Radio London having been received in faraway places such as Illinois, USA, Kimberley and Riversdale, South Africa due to favourable atmospheric propagation conditions and the <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1155</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span> split-frequency Radio London used. </p><p>After Radio Caroline South increased power and changed its frequency to <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1187</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span> in the spring of 1966, it caused some interference to Radio London on <span class="hMeasure frequency"><span class="num">1133</span> <span class="unit">kHz</span></span>. That seems to have been caused by resonance between the two ships' antenna masts, and possibly by the <i>Galaxy</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s steel hull. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Station_closedown">Station closedown</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Station closedown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At midnight on 14 August 1967, the <a href="/wiki/Marine,_%26c.,_Broadcasting_(Offences)_Act_1967" title="Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967">Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967</a> came into effect in the United Kingdom. It created a criminal offence of supplying music, commentary, advertising, fuel, food, water or other assistance except for life-saving, to any ship, offshore structure such as <a href="/wiki/Maunsell_Forts" title="Maunsell Forts">a former WWII fort</a>, or flying platform such as an aircraft used for broadcasting without a licence from the regulatory authority in the UK. Despite initial plans to the contrary, Radio London decided not to defy the law, and closed before the Act came into effect. </p><p>It was decided to close at 3pm on 14 August 1967, partly to guarantee a large audience, as well as to enable the ship's DJs and other staff to return to shore and board a train to London. A one-hour recorded show was broadcast from 2pm to allow staff to get ready to leave. The time also described an "L" shape of the hands on a clock face, but whether that was a real consideration is unknown. </p><p><i>Their Final Hour</i>, as the programme was called, had recorded greetings of farewell and remembrance from recording stars; included were the voices of <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Richard" title="Cliff Richard">Cliff Richard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dusty_Springfield" title="Dusty Springfield">Dusty Springfield</a>. The 2:30 news bulletin, read by Paul Kaye, was the final live segment on the station. Birch thanked DJs and staff and others involved throughout the station's life, as well as politicians and others who fought for the station – and its 12 million listeners in the United Kingdom and four million in the Netherlands, Belgium and France'. That was followed by the last record, "A Day in the Life" by the Beatles, then Paul Kaye's final announcement: "Big L time is three o'clock, and Radio London is now closing down". Radio London's theme tune, the "PAMS Sonowaltz", popularly called <i>Big Lil</i>, was played before the transmitter was switched off by engineer Russell Tollerfield, just after 3pm. </p><p>Just after Radio London closed down, <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Dale" title="Robbie Dale">Robbie Dale</a> on Radio Caroline South (previously Radio Atlanta) broadcast a brief tribute to the station, thanked its staff and DJs, and held a minute's silence. Most offshore stations had already left the air. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Scotland" title="Radio Scotland">Radio Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_270" title="Radio 270">Radio 270</a> closed at midnight. Radio Caroline South said it and Radio Caroline North (the original Caroline) would continue. Owner <a href="/wiki/Ronan_O%27Rahilly" title="Ronan O'Rahilly">Ronan O'Rahilly</a> said they were defending the principle of free broadcasting, rather than being mere business assets. Caroline's offshore broadcasts continued on and off until 1990, after which the station pursued legal means of broadcasting. </p><p>Radio London staff arriving at London's <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street station</a> from Harwich were greeted by large numbers of fans, some wearing black armbands and carrying placards with slogans such as "Freedom went with Radio London". They tried to storm the platform, leading to minor scuffles with police.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ehemaliges_%22Radio-London-Schiff%22_GALAXY_(brit.)_(Kiel_66.676).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ehemaliges_%22Radio-London-Schiff%22_GALAXY_%28brit.%29_%28Kiel_66.676%29.jpg/220px-Ehemaliges_%22Radio-London-Schiff%22_GALAXY_%28brit.%29_%28Kiel_66.676%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ehemaliges_%22Radio-London-Schiff%22_GALAXY_%28brit.%29_%28Kiel_66.676%29.jpg/330px-Ehemaliges_%22Radio-London-Schiff%22_GALAXY_%28brit.%29_%28Kiel_66.676%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ehemaliges_%22Radio-London-Schiff%22_GALAXY_%28brit.%29_%28Kiel_66.676%29.jpg/440px-Ehemaliges_%22Radio-London-Schiff%22_GALAXY_%28brit.%29_%28Kiel_66.676%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>MV <i>Galaxy</i> in <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> harbour, 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>The MV <i>Galaxy</i> sailed initially to Hamburg, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">West Germany</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Meister" title="Erwin Meister">Erwin Meister</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Bollier" title="Edwin Bollier">Edwin Bollier</a> tried to buy it for what became <a href="/wiki/Radio_North_Sea_International" title="Radio North Sea International">Radio Nordsee International</a>. When the deal fell through, Meister and Bollier looked for another ship. In 1979, the <i>Galaxy</i>, with its 170 ft mast still erect, was sunk in <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> harbour as an artificial <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reef</a>; but, in 1986, concerns about pollution from the ship's fuel tanks resulted in it being brought ashore and salvaged. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_history">Further history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When his second radio ship closed and the vessel returned to <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, in 1967, Don Pierson attempted to restart <i>Wonderful Radio London</i> from there. His plan was to interest investors in restarting Radio London off-shore from New York. When that failed, he began a venture involving yet another ship which would restart <i>Wonderful Radio London</i> off <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. That, too, sank. </p><p>In 1982, Pierson helped promote a syndicated <i>Wonderful Radio London Show</i>, first aired over KVMX, a station he owned in Eastland, Texas. He promoted the show at the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Broadcasters">National Association of Broadcasters</a> convention in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas, Nevada</a>. When Ben Toney, the original offshore Radio London programme director, became involved, the show was on KXOL in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a>, Texas, and as a daily show aired over 250,000-watt <a href="/wiki/XERF" class="mw-redirect" title="XERF">XERF</a> in Mexico. Plans were made to extend the early morning airtime of XERF into <i>Wonderful Radio London</i> as a full service station, and to send a new ship to the UK as <i>Wonderful Radio London International'</i> (WRLI), to replicate Radio London's success of the 1960s. However, those further plans failed to materialise beyond their syndication stage. </p><p>Pierson died in 1996. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Swinging_Radio_England_and_Britain_Radio">Swinging Radio England and Britain Radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Swinging Radio England and Britain Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of Radio London, Pierson created <a href="/wiki/Swinging_Radio_England" title="Swinging Radio England">Swinging Radio England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Britain_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Britain Radio">Britain Radio</a> on another ship (the MV <i>Olga Patricia</i>; later renamed MV <i>Laissez Faire</i>) in 1965. They did not get to air until 1966 when their vessel anchored close to the MV <i>Galaxy</i>. The twin stations were not commercially successful due to their brash American radio style, technical problems, and mismanagement. Dutch station Radio Dolfijn replaced Radio England in November 1966. Radio 355 replaced Britain Radio and Dolfijn gave way to Radio Twee Twee Zeven (227) in early 1967. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_pop_culture">In pop culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In pop culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Wonderful Radio London is referred to (and some of its jingles used) on <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Who_Sell_Out" title="The Who Sell Out">The Who Sell Out</a></i> and their film <i><a href="/wiki/Quadrophenia_(film)" title="Quadrophenia (film)">Quadrophenia</a></i>.</li> <li>The station features in the 1966 film <i><a href="/wiki/Dateline_Diamonds" title="Dateline Diamonds">Dateline Diamonds</a></i>, which includes a few external shots of the <i>Galaxy</i> and a fanciful studio re-creation of its interior.</li> <li>Radio London was parodied in the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boat_That_Rocked" title="The Boat That Rocked">The Boat That Rocked</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/48px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/64px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="22" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Radio" title="Portal:Radio">Radio portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Perfumed_Garden_(radio_show)" title="The Perfumed Garden (radio show)">The Perfumed Garden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Sovereign" title="Radio Sovereign">Radio Sovereign</a></li> <li>See <a href="/wiki/Radio_London_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Radio London (disambiguation)">Radio London (disambiguation)</a> for other stations that have used this name or its variations in whole or in part. Several stations are listed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-toney-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toney_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toney_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFToney" class="citation web cs1">Toney, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiolondon.co.uk/rl/bentoney/bookp3.html">"The Amazing Radio London Adventure"</a>. radiolondon.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Amazing+Radio+London+Adventure&rft.pub=radiolondon.co.uk&rft.aulast=Toney&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiolondon.co.uk%2Frl%2Fbentoney%2Fbookp3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWonderful+Radio+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.offshoreradio.co.uk/odds20.htm/"><i>Kenny Everett tours the USA with The Beatles</i> – Pirate Radio Hall of Fame, undated</a>.Accessed on 20 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiolondon.co.uk/jocks/kenny/kenbeatlesint.html">Kenny Everett 25 December 1944 – 4 April 1995 – Everett interviewed by Richard Porter, Radio London website, undated</a>. Accessed on 20 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, 15 August 1967.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mass Media Moments in the United Kingdom, the USSR and the US, by Gilder, Eric. - "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu Press, Romania. 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-651-596-6" title="Special:BookSources/973-651-596-6">973-651-596-6</a> - Contains reprinted work from <i>The History of Pirate Radio in Britain and the End of BBC Monopoly in Radio Broadcasting in the United Kingdom</i> by Eric Gilder, North Texas State University, 1982. The second chapter, "London My Hometown", tells the Pierson story from his perspective and from original and exclusive archives. The chapter began as a 2000 audio-visual symposium called "Infinite Londons" sponsored in Romania by the British Council. The symposium's expanded proceedings later appeared in this book.</li> <li>The Wonderful Radio London Story, by Elliot, Chris. - Ray Anderson doing business as East Anglian Productions, Frinton-on-Sea, United Kingdom. 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-901854-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-901854-00-0">1-901854-00-0</a> - This was derived allegedly without permission from the archives Eric Gilder and Associates claim. (see note above.) The publisher was declared insolvent under UK law and it later turned out that the printer, designer and author had received no payment. The origins of this book's connection with Gilder lay in 1984's Wonderful Radio London International (WRLI) project, for which Elliot recorded the Wonderful Radio London <i>Fab 40</i> in the UK – for KVMX and KXOL in Texas and XERF in Mexico to rebroadcast. When the WRLI venture came to an end, Elliot (born Christopher Gaydon, 1953) allegedly kept files on Pierson borrowed from Gilder – and later arranged for their publication under his name in two publications before the book appeared. This contains photographs and some hitherto unknown information, but it is not documented and it gives no credits.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.offshoreradio.co.uk/">Wonderful Radio London in the Pirate Radio Hall of Fame</a> - Contains many audio, visual and text biographical stories relating to personal involved in the 1964-1967 venture.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205221849/http://radlon.bravehost.com/">Wonderful Radio London story by Eric Gilder</a> - Contains an in-depth sequence of events relating to the history of the Don Pierson archives and publications that have drawn upon them (Cached page on Wayback Machine).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiolondon.co.uk/">The Radio London website</a> - Run by Chris and Mary Payne of Radio London Ltd, the site contains over 1600 pages, a full collection of Big L Fab Forties and many "Where Are They Now?" biographical stories about personnel involved with both Radio London and many other offshore stations.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.offshoreradio.co.uk/evbeat.ram"><i>Bassett's Jelly Baby Show</i> report by Kenny Everett on the Beatles' 1966 tour of the US</a> (Requires player for Real Audio files)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Radio City (pirate radio station)">Radio City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caroline" title="Radio Caroline">Radio Caroline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radio London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_558" title="Laser 558">Laser 558</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mercur" title="Radio Mercur">Radio Mercur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_North_Sea_International" title="Radio North Sea International">R.N.I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Scotland" title="Radio Scotland">Radio Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Veronica" title="Radio Veronica">Radio Veronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_Radio_England" title="Swinging Radio England">Swinging Radio England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ships / structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Deal_(AG-131)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Deal (AG-131)">MV <i>Olga Patricia/Laissez Faire</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Density_(AM-218)" title="USS Density (AM-218)">MV <i>Galaxy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Mebo_II" title="MV Mebo II">MV <i>Mebo II</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Mi_Amigo" title="MV Mi Amigo">MV <i>Mi Amigo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Ross_Revenge" title="MV Ross Revenge">MV <i>Ross Revenge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REM_Island" title="REM Island">REM Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivering_Sands_Army_Fort" title="Shivering Sands Army Fort">Shivering Sands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine,_%26c.,_Broadcasting_(Offences)_Act_1967" title="Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967">Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boat_That_Rocked" title="The Boat That Rocked">The Boat That Rocked</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&oldid=1275542498">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wonderful_Radio_London&oldid=1275542498</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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