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Flerovium (Fl) Properties, Applications & Research | AMERICAN ELEMENT ®
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Follow Us <div id="social"> <a class="ming-link social twitter" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=nl&hl=en&u=https://www.twitter.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a> <a class="ming-link social facebook" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=nl&hl=en&u=https://www.facebook.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> <a class="ming-link social linkedin" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=nl&hl=en&u=https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-elements"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></a> <a class="ming-link social instagram" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=nl&hl=en&u=https://www.instagram.com/americanelements/"><span class="sr-only">Instagram</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid" id="main-content"> <div id="page-content"><!--End Nicemenu --> <!--ZOOMRESTART--> <div class="banner"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="page-title" --> <h1 class="short">Flerovium</h1><!--ZOOMSTOP--><span class="element-item2 radioactive" aria-hidden="true"><span class="symbol2">Fl</span><span class="number">114</span><span class="weight">289</span></span><!--ZOOMRESTART--> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </div><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="page-content" --> <!-- Nav tabs --> <div id="element-tabs"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified" role="tablist"> <li class="active"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#about" id="tab1" role="tab" aria-controls="about" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">About Flerovium</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#properties" id="tab2" role="tab" aria-controls="properties" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#isotopes" id="tab3" role="tab" aria-controls="isotopes" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Isotopes</a></li> </ul> </div><!-- Tab panes --> <div id="content"> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <h2>About Flerovium</h2><img src="images_graphics/element-bohr-models/flerovium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Flerovium Bohr" width="200" height="200" class="image-left"> <p>Flerovium is a superheavy transactinide element and was first synthesized in 1998 by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, though a repeated synthesis in 1999 was necessary to confirm the discovery. IUPAC did not officially recognize this discovery until 2011, following work by both the UC Berkeley and the GSI nuclear laboratories in 2009 that successfully produced several different isotopes of the element. The element was then named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, which in turn was named after the Soviet physicist Georgy Flyorov, whose work and advice to the government of the USSR led to the development of that country's atomic bomb project. The name became official in 2012.</p> <p>The most stable known isotope of flerovium has a half-life of only 2.6 seconds, though it has been proposed that nuclear isomers of this isotope may have longer half lives. Relatively few atoms of flerovium have been synthesized, so its chemical properties are poorly understood, and a matter of ongoing investigation. There are no applications for flerovium outside of basic science research.</p> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab2"> <h2><a name="properties"></a>Flerovium Properties</h2> <p><img src="Flerovium-Element-Symbol2.png" width="40" height="48" class="image-left" alt="Flerovium Element Symbol"><img src="flerovium-bohr.jpg" width="200" height="200" class="image-right" alt="Flerovium Bohr Model"><strong>Flerovium</strong> is a P-Block, Group 14, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Flerovium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4 and its electron configuration is [Rn] 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>10</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 7p<sup>2</sup>. In its elemental form Flerovium's CAS number is 54085-16-4. Previously referred to as Ununquadium (Uuq) as a theoretical element, Flerovium was officially discovered in 1999 by the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=nl&hl=en&u=http://www.jinr.ru/" target="new" rel="nofollow">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</a> in Dubna, Russia and the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=nl&hl=en&u=https://www.llnl.gov/" target="new" rel="nofollow">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> in Livermore, California, USA. Flerovium is a synthetic element that is not present in the environment. Little is known about the element, its appearance is unknown, and it has no known uses.</p> <p>Flerovium information, including properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.</p> <div id="table-wrapper"> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion2"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#general-properties">General Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Fl</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>114</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>289</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>14, 7, p</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>unknown (presumably metallic/ silvery white/ gray)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Ununquadio</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#physical-properties">Physical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="physical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>70 °C, 160 °F, 340 K (predicted)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>150 °C,300 °F, 420 K (predicted)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>22 g·cm<sup>3</sup>(predicted)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>14000 (predicted) kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#chemical-properties">Chemical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="chemical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"><!-- Table --> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>114</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>114</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>175</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Rn] 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>10</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 7p<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>160 (estimated)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>Unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>143 (estimated)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.43</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>2, 4 (predicted)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid (predicted)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>Unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>823.9 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup> (estimated)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1621.0 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup> (estimated)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion3"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#identifiers">Identifiers<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>54085-16-4</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#abundance">Abundance<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/flerovium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=nl&_x_tr_hl=en#history">History<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1999</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <h2>Flerovium Isotopes</h2> <p>Flerovium is an artificial element. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide">Nuclide</th> <th scope="col" id="mass">Isotopic Mass</th> <th scope="col" id="half-life">Half-Life</th> <th scope="col" id="decay">Mode of Decay</th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin">Nuclear Spin</th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment">Magnetic Moment</th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy">Binding Energy (MeV)</th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance">Natural Abundance<br> (% by atom)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>285</sup>Fl</th> <td>285.18370(111)#</td> <td>5# s</td> <td>a to <sup>281</sup>Cn</td> <td>3/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>2006.82</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>286</sup>Fl</th> <td>286.18386(83)#</td> <td>0.16(+7-3) ms</td> <td>SF</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>2014.9</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>287</sup>Fl</th> <td>287.18560(83)#</td> <td>0.51(+18-10) s</td> <td>a to <sup>283</sup>Cn</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>2022.98</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>288</sup>Fl</th> <td>288.18569(91)#</td> <td>2.8(14) s [0.8(+27-16) s]</td> <td>a to <sup>284</sup>Cn</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>2031.06</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>289</sup>Fl</th> <td>289.18728(79)#</td> <td>2.6(+12-7) s</td> <td>a to <sup>285</sup>Cn</td> <td>5/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>2039.14</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div><!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.min.js"></script> <div class="scrollup"> ^ </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) { $('.scrollup').fadeIn(500); } else { $('.scrollup').fadeOut(); } }); $('.scrollup').click(function () { $("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 400); return false; }); $(window).scroll(function() { clearTimeout($.data(this, 'scrollTimer')); $.data(this, 'scrollTimer', setTimeout(function() { $('.scrollup').fadeOut(); }, 600)); }); }); </script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('.bxslider').slippry({ autoDelay: '0', pause:"5000", autoHover: false, transition: 'horizontal', adaptiveHeight: 'false' }); }); </script> <div class="sponsored-conference"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=nl&hl=en&u=https://www.asminternational.org/aeromat-2025/" aria-label="logo" title="AeroMat 2025"> <div class="sponsored-conference-graphic"></div></a> <div class="sponsored-conference-text"> <div class="sponsored-conference-text"> Please join us and our customer and co-sponsor Boeing at <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=nl&hl=en&u=https://www.asminternational.org/aeromat-2025/">AeroMat 2025</a> in Vancouver, Canada on May 6, 2025. </div> </div> <div id="footer"> Periodic table of the elements, materials science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. 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